Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| membrane-bound lerk2 ligand can signal through three different eph-related receptor tyrosine kinases. | the eph-related family of receptor tyrosine kinases consists of at least 13 members, several of which display distinctive expression patterns in the developing and adult nervous system. recently, a small family of ligands, structurally related to the b61 protein, was identified. binding of these ligands to eph-related receptors did not, however, elicit measurable biological signals in cultured cells. in order to study functional interactions between b61-related ligands and eph-related receptors, ... | 1995 | 7621826 |
| integration of map kinase signal transduction pathways at the serum response element. | the ternary complex factor (tcf) subfamily of ets-domain transcription factors bind with serum response factor (srf) to the serum response element (sre) and mediate increased gene expression. the tcf protein elk-1 is phosphorylated by the jnk and erk groups of mitogen-activated protein (map) kinases causing increased dna binding, ternary complex formation, and transcriptional activation. activated sre-dependent gene expression is induced by jnk in cells treated with interleukin-1 and by erk afte ... | 1995 | 7618106 |
| luteolytic potency of a prostaglandin analogue at different stages of the oestrous cycle in red deer (cervus elaphus) hinds. | the luteolytic effect of the prostaglandin f2 alpha analogue, cloprostenol, was investigated in red deer by monitoring concentrations of plasma progesterone, the induction of oestrus and ovulation, and fertility. oestrus was synchronized in 48 adult hinds by intravaginal delivery of exogenous progesterone for 12 days and i.m. injection of 250 iu pregnant mares' serum gonadotrophin at progesterone withdrawal. a single i.m. dose of 500 micrograms cloprostenol was administered at day 4, 6, 8, 10, 1 ... | 1995 | 7616503 |
| erk2/p42 map kinase stimulates both autonomous and srf-dependent dna binding by elk-1. | a ternary complex comprised of srf, ternary complex factor (tcf) and the c-fos sre is the target of several extracellular signal regulated pathways. phosphorylation of the tcf elk-1 is a key event in the activation of this complex. we demonstrate that erk2/p42 phosphorylation of elk-1 stimulates its recruitment into ternary complexes with srf. moreover, phosphorylation of elk-1 also stimulates its autonomous srf-independent binding to high affinity binding sites. thus part of the effect of erk2/ ... | 1995 | 7615093 |
| differential expressions of the eph family of receptor tyrosine kinase genes (sek, elk, eck) in the developing nervous system of the mouse. | to examine the roles of the eph subfamily of receptor tyrosine kinase (rtk), we isolated mouse cdnas for sek, elk, and eck and localized their mrnas in the developing mouse, with particular reference to the cns development, by in situ hybridization. sek mrna is most abundantly expressed throughout development; sek was detected in the germinal layer of the embryonic cns during mid- to late-gestation and was widely expressed in the early postnatal brain. elk was expressed in the mantle layer of th ... | 1995 | 7609620 |
| johne's disease in red deer. | 1995 | 7604515 | |
| elaeophorosis in red deer caused by elaeophora elaphi: lesions of natural disease. | this is the first study of the lesions produced by elaeophora elaphi, a filarial worm first reported in 1986. only the morphologic characteristics of this species have been described previously. samples for the study were taken from 74 red deer (cervus elaphus), 1-10 years old, slaughtered in central spain. grossly, filariae were observed in the transverse, left, or right branches of the portal vein of 18 animals. in addition to filariae, whitish thrombi were found in the right and left branches ... | 1995 | 7604492 |
| a comparative study of the histopathologic features of bovine tuberculosis in cattle, fallow deer (dama dama), sika deer (cervus nippon), and red deer and elk (cervus elaphus). | sections of tuberculous lesions from 23 elk (cervus elaphus nelsoni) and red deer (cervus elaphus elaphus), 12 fallow deer (dama dama), 10 sika deer (cervus nippon), and 30 cattle were examined and compared. lesions were scored for caseous necrosis, mineralization, neutrophils, macrophages, giant cells, and acid-fast bacilli. some differences in lesion morphology between the species were noted. elk/red deer lesions had marked variation and often differed from bovine lesions in several characteri ... | 1995 | 7604487 |
| mouse elk oncogene maps to chromosome x and a novel elk oncogene (elk3) maps to chromosome 10. | the elk protein is a member of the ets family found in both vertebrates and invertebrates. human elk1 encoded by elk1 binds alone or together with serum response factor to dna and regulates gene expression in a variety of biological processes. using a panel of interspecific backcross mice, we have mapped the elk oncogene (elk) and a novel type elk oncogene (elk3), closely related to elk1. elk maps to chr x, and elk3 maps to the proximal region of chr 10. | 1995 | 7601474 |
| differential activation of c-fos promoter elements by serum, lysophosphatidic acid, g proteins and polypeptide growth factors. | the upstream regulatory region of the c-fos promoter contains two growth factor-regulated promoter elements: the serum response element, which binds a ternary complex comprising serum response factor (srf) and a ternary complex factor (tcf); and the sis-inducible element (sie) which binds stat transcription factors. we used transient transfection of c-fos promoter mutants in nih 3t3 cells to assess the contributions of these elements to activation by different extracellular stimuli. colony-stimu ... | 1995 | 7588632 |
| stressful life events and psychological status in black south african women. | the relationship between stressful life events and psychological status in black south african women was explored, using a semistructured interview that consisted of a demographic questionnaire; the xhosa life event scale (xles; swartz, elk, teggin, & gillis, 1983), which comprises mainly personal stressors; the township life event scale (tles; bluen & odesnik, 1988), which comprises mainly sociopolitical stressors; and the general health questionnaire (ghq, goldberg, 1972, 1978). the participan ... | 1995 | 7564304 |
| manipulating melatonin in red deer (cervus elaphus): differences in the response to food restriction and lactation on the timing of the breeding season and prolactin-dependent pelage changes. | in this study, we investigated the influence of food availability and lactation upon seasonality in red deer. this was examined by testing the hypothesis that advancing the timing of breeding and autumn moult using the hormone melatonin will be prevented when the food availability of lactating hinds is severely restricted. this hypothesis was rejected. implanting 1 g of melatonin between june 22 and november 30 resulted in advances in the timing of the onset of ovarian activity and winter coat g ... | 1995 | 7561720 |
| expression of the prolactin receptor gene during the breeding and non-breeding seasons in red deer (cervus elaphus): evidence for the expression of two forms in the testis. | the red deer is a seasonally breeding mammal with a circannual cycle of prolactin secretion which reaches its peak during the non-breeding season. this study investigated expression of the prolactin receptor gene in red deer tissues collected in the breeding and non-breeding seasons. a 562 bp fragment of the extracellular domain of the red deer prolactin receptor cdna was amplified from red deer liver poly(a)+ rna by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) using primers designed ... | 1995 | 7561644 |
| comparative analysis of the ternary complex factors elk-1, sap-1a and sap-2 (erp/net). | a transcription factor ternary complex composed of serum response factor (srf) and ternary complex factor (tcf) mediates the response of the c-fos serum response element (sre) to growth factors and mitogens. three ets domain proteins, elk-1, sap-1 and erp/net, have been reported to have the properties of tcf. here we compare elk-1 and sap-1a with the human erp/net homologue sap-2. all three tcf rnas are ubiquitously expressed at similar relative levels. all three proteins contain conserved regio ... | 1995 | 7540136 |
| ehk-1 and ehk-2: two novel members of the eph receptor-like tyrosine kinase family with distinctive structures and neuronal expression. | we have identified two novel members of the eph rtk family, termed ehk (eph homology kinase) -1 and -2. compared to the amino acid sequences of various eph family members, ehk-1 and ehk-2 are closest to the sek and cek-4/mek-4/hek kinases, and both are more similar to the elk kinase than they are to the eck or eph kinases. analysis of ehk-1 cdnas from various brain libraries reveals alternatively spliced transcripts that can encode five different forms of ehk-1 transmembrane proteins. by contras ... | 1993 | 7504232 |
| a consensus insulin response element is activated by an ets-related transcription factor. | insulin increases expression of somatostatin-chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) constructs 10-fold and thymidine kinase-cat constructs 5-fold in gh4 cells. these responses are similar to our previously reported data on insulin-increased prolactin-cat expression. they are also observed in hela cells and are thus not cell type specific. the evidence suggests that the insulin responsiveness of these genes is mediated by an ets-related transcription factor. first, linker-scanning mutations and/ ... | 1995 | 7499246 |
| [biodiversity and similarity between the nematode parasite communities of domestic and wild ruminants]. | the analysis of the bibliografical information concerning to the nematode parasite communities of domestic and wild ruminants, permitted to obtein the following values of maximum diversity index, bovidae: 4.88 bits; cervidae: 4.33 bits and cameliae: 3.69 bits. the highest values of this index within each family of host wee 5.75 bits. 5.49 bits and 4.32 bits for ovis aries (bovidae), capreolus capreolus (cervidae), lama pacos and camelus dromedarius (camelidae), respectively. the families of para ... | 1993 | 7483967 |
| novel members of the eph receptor tyrosine kinase subfamily expressed during xenopus development. | three cdnas encoding receptor tyrosine kinases (rtks) of the eph-subfamily have been identified based on their homology to pagliaccio (winning and sargent, 1994, mech. dev. 46:219-229). these have been named tck, xelk (xenopus homologue of elk), and pl7a (pag-like clone 7a). each of these genes is expressed in a distinctive, tissue specific manner during early development. tck is expressed in pre-somitic mesoderm, caudal somites, midbrain and cement gland. xelk is expressed in the brain and spin ... | 1995 | 7478602 |
| toxoplasmosis in farmed red deer (cervus elaphus) in scotland. | farming of red deer began in scotland in 1970 when an experimental nucleus was established on a hill farm in kincardineshire. from 1972 to 1977 sera from these animals were tested by the haemagglutination test (ha) and the sabin-feldman dye test (dt) for the presence of antibodies to toxoplasma gondii. overall, dye test antibodies (greater than or equal to 1/16) were detected in 32.5 per cent of sera and ha antibodies in only 9.8 per cent. on average 14.1 per cent of the deer tested in 1972, 197 ... | 1980 | 7455352 |
| some serum constituents of fallow deer (dama dama). | the concentrations of calcium, inorganic phosphorus, proteins and total bilirubin and the activities of some enzymes in the sera of 54 fallow deer are presented. electrophoresis of the serum proteins indicate that fallow deer have a single alpha-globulin whereas red deer have two. | 1980 | 7455339 |
| liver copper concentrations in red deer (cervus elaphus) and wapiti (c canadensis) in new zealand. | concentrations of copper in livers from red deer (cervus elaphus) or wapiti (c canadensis) were measured and classified according to the age and species of the animals whether farmed or feral, the area from which they came and their sex. significant variations occurred with age, species, environment (farmed or feral) and area. mean liver copper concentrations (after logarithmic transformation) ranged from 356 mg/kg of fresh matter in fetus/neonate to 10.5 mg/kg in mature animals. | 1980 | 7414075 |
| experimental toxoplasmosis in elk (cervus canadensis). | one cow elk (approx 4 months pregnant) and one calf elk were each inoculated intraruminally with 10(5) infective oocysts of toxoplasma gondii. both animals were seronegative when inoculated, but became seropositive to t gondii. sabin-feldman dye test antibody titers in relation to day postinoculation were as follows: 1:1024, 1:1024, and 1:2048 (days 28, 69, and 73) for the calf; 1:2048, 1:128, and 1:128 (days 34, 69, and 73) for the cow; and 1:2546 (73 days after inoculation of the cow) for the ... | 1980 | 7406299 |
| serum constituents of red deer (cervus elaphus). | the concentrations of proteins, total bilirubin, calcium and inorganic phosphate and the activities of some enzymes were measured in the sera from 49 red deer. the results were analysed with respect to age, season and sex. | 1980 | 7375732 |
| seminoma in an elk (cervus canadensis). | 1980 | 7361384 | |
| further studies on trypanosomes in game animals in wyoming ii. | further studies on moose revealed trypanosomes in two captive moose (alces alces shirasi) and in 4 of 7 free-ranging moose in wyoming by blood culture. two free-ranging moose from utah were negative. one of two additional captive moose calves was positive for trypanosomes. trypanosomes also were detected in blood cultures of 8 of 39 american bison (bison bison) being brought into wyoming from nebraska. nineteen additional bison were negative for trypanosomes by blood cultures. identification of ... | 1981 | 7338978 |
| investigations on a babesia isolated from scottish sheep. | the pathognomic, serologic and morphometric identity of a babesia sp. recently isolated from sheep in argyllshire was studied. initially, problems were encountered due to the occurrence of eperythrozoon ovis as a contaminant of the isolate and treatment with neoarsphenamine failed to remove it. finally, a combination of oxytetracycline therapy and rapid passage allowed isolation of the babesia sp. and its preservation in the form of a glycerolized, infected blood stabilate. inoculation of the st ... | 1981 | 7329723 |
| paratuberculosis in tule elk in california. | 1981 | 7328012 | |
| copper status of red deer on the island of rhum. | the mean (+/- sd) liver copper level of 186 red deer (cervus elaphus) (87 stags and 99 hinds) on the island of rhum was 51.26 +/- 44.1 ppm dry matter. the level found in the south-east part of the island was significantly higher than elsewhere in hinds, but not in stags. levels below 20 ppm dry matter, comparable to those found in cases of enzootic ataxia in deer parks, occurred in 18 stags and 20 hinds. since enzootic ataxia has never been observed on rhum, it is deduced that low copper status ... | 1981 | 7324361 |
| [diffusion of helminth parasites of the digestive system and respiratory system in deer (cervus elaphus) of the la mandria regional park (piedmont)]. | a study was carried out on the diffusion of helminth parasites of liver, gastrointestinal system and bronchial system in 68 red deer (cervus elaphus) from regional park "la mandria" (piedmont, italy). the following species of nematodes were identified: trichostrongylus axei, spiculopteragia spiculoptera, rinadia mathevossiani, cooperia oncophora, cooperia pectinata, cooperia punctata, cooperia zurnabada, oesophagostomum venulosum, dictyocaulus eckerti, varestrongylus sagittatus. studies on some ... | 1980 | 7312394 |
| diarrhea in young red deer associated with infection with cryptosporidium. | in an outbreak of diarrhea among 82 artificially reared red deer calves, 56 developed the disease and 20 subsequently died. during the outbreak 80% of diarrheal and 50% of apparently healthy calves excreted cryptosporidial oocysts in feces. the coincidence of infection with crytosporidium and clinical diarrhea suggested a causal relationship. histologic examination of intestinal sections from a necropsied deer calf showed lesions consistent with field and experimental cryptosporidiosis in other ... | 1981 | 7276628 |
| the transmission of onchocerca tarsicola (filarioidea: onchocercidae) by odagmia ornata and prosimulium nigripes (diptera: simuliidae). | onchocerca tarsicola is a subcutaneous filariid of the red deer living on the tendons of the radial-carpal and tibial-tarsal joints. its microfilariae concentrate mainly in the external ears. the extrinsic cycle of this parasite was investigated. in a hyperendemic area wild-caught odagmia ornata were dissected, as well as samples which had fed on a tame deer and been kept in the laboratory after the infecting blood-meal. about 3 to 5% of the flies were infected with larval stages of onchocerca t ... | 1981 | 7276502 |
| wegener's granulomatosis. long-term results of treatment. | seventeen patients with wegener's granulomatosis are presented. the very complex clinical features are outlined. a recently suggested new classification (elk-classification) is applied. fourteen patients were treated with cytotoxic agents and steroids, 12 of these receiving 6-mercaptopurine. of the ten patients still alive, eight are in remission with treatment withdrawn in three cases. the duration of the treatment is discussed. the results are largely satisfactory, but the course of the diseas ... | 1981 | 7271127 |
| further observations on the induction of antler growth in red deer females. | 1981 | 7262356 | |
| brain tumors in two free-ranging elk in colorado. | 1981 | 7253089 | |
| isolation of encysted toxoplasma gondii from musculature of moose and pronghorn in montana. | pieces of skeletal muscle from 43 mule deer, 34 elk, 4 white-tailed deer, 21 pronghorn, 7 moose, and 2 bison were examined for toxoplasma infection, by the acid-pepsin digestion technique. toxoplasma gondii was isolated from 1 moose and 1 pronghorn. the isolated strains of t gondii were of low virulence to mice. | 1981 | 7224306 |
| [the larval development of dipetalonema rugosicauda (syn. wehrdikmansia rugosicauda) in the tick ixodes ricinus. ii. the development of dipetalonema rugosicauda in ixodes ricinus and investigations about the occurrence of the microfilariae in the roe deer (c. capreolus) (author's transl)]. | microfilariae of d. rugosicauda, which were taken up by nymphs of i. ricinus during their attachment on roe deers, developed in those ticks to infective larvae after two moults. the larval development lasted 56-67 days at 20-22 degrees c and occurred similar to other species of dipetalonema inclusive a sausage stage. during this time the nymphs moulted to adult ticks. adult females and males of i. ricinus collected in the area of biberach/riss, southern-germany, contained up to 12 infective larv ... | 1980 | 7189613 |
| transmission of malignant catarrhal fever to rabbits. | a farmed red deer in contact with a flock of lambing ewes developed malignant catarrhal fever (mcf). tissues from this deer were homogenised and inoculated into two rabbits one of which developed a febrile response on the 11th day. this rabbit was killed on the following day after developing conjunctivitis and hyperaemia of the nostrils. the condition was transmitted from this rabbit through a further three rabbit passes. of 21 rabbits inoculated 15 reacted after three to 29 days. the clinical a ... | 1980 | 7189075 |
| red deer endoparasites. | 1982 | 7179704 | |
| trypanosoma cervi from alaskan reindeer, rangifer tarandus. | twenty-nine (64.4%) or 45 reindeer, rangifer tarandus, examined over a two-year period were infected with trypanosomes. trypomastigotes and dividing epimastigotes were found in the blood of fawns, cows, and bulls. morphometric analysis of bloodstream trypomastigotes from reindeer and comparison of these parasites with similar stages of trypanosomes from elk, mule deer, and white-tailed deer from the continuous united states proved them conspecific; the trypanosomes from these members of the cerv ... | 1982 | 7175772 |
| spongiform encephalopathy of rocky mountain elk. | a disease with striking clinical and pathologic similarities to the spongiform encephalopathies is described in six rocky mountain elk (cervus elaphus nelsoni) maintained in wildlife facilities in colorado and wyoming. clinical signs included behavioral alterations and progressive weight loss over a period of weeks or months. consistent microscopic lesions were limited to the central nervous system and characterized by widespread spongiform transformation of the neuropil, intracytoplasmic vacuol ... | 1982 | 7154220 |
| an investigation of radionuclide concentrations in tissues of elk utilizing los alamos national laboratory land. | 1982 | 7152921 | |
| [polyarthritis caused by filariae in red deer]. | 1982 | 7148216 | |
| effects of ration, season and animal handling on composition of bison and cattle blood. | composition of ration and season of sampling markedly affected the composition of blood in six tamed bison (bison bison) steers and eight hereford cattle (bos taurus) steers. observed values extended reported ranges for albumin, phosphorus and blood urea nitrogen (bun) in bison serum. there were several differences between species in blood composition. in particular, erythrocytic and bun values were higher in bison than in cattle. overall mean values for bison and cattle receiving experimental r ... | 1982 | 7131655 |
| [the elk throat bot fly causing human ophthalmomyiasis]. | 1982 | 7128490 | |
| the infectivity of some nematode parasites of reindeer (rangifer tarandus l.) and elk (alces alces l.) for cattle and sheep. | cross infections were carried out by dosing parasite-free calves and lambs with third stage nematode larvae cultured from the faeces of reindeer and elk. two lambs each received 20,000 larvae from reindeer, and one lamb 20,000 larvae from elk. one calf received 50,000 larvae from reindeer and one 50,000 from elk. the animals were killed 28 days after infection. egg output did not differ significantly between the lambs nor between the calves, but in the lambs the output was much higher than in th ... | 1982 | 7113357 |
| hematologic and serum chemical values of adult female rocky mountain elk from new mexico and oklahoma. | hematologic and serum chemical values were determined for two groups of adult female rocky mountain elk (cervus elaphus nelsoni) from new mexico and oklahoma. although considerable variation in values was observed between elk from the same group, the mean values from 16 of the 20 blood parameters tested were significantly different between the two groups. of these, the most significant variations were observed in values which were likely to be influenced by nutritional condition and health statu ... | 1982 | 7097884 |
| plasma concentrations of lh, prolactin, oestradiol and progesterone in female red deer (cervus elaphus) during pregnancy. | peripheral blood samples were collected throughout pregnancy from 11 red deer hinds. during the same period, 6 other hinds which mated but failed to produce calves were also sampled. pretreatment of some of these hinds included synchronization of oestrus alone (n = 3) or with injection of 1000 i.u. pmsg (n = 9). during early and mid-pregnancy, lh and prolactin were frequently undetectable. prolactin concentrations in pregnant and non-pregnant hinds were high (greater than 250 ng/ml) in december- ... | 1982 | 7069664 |
| [survey of parasitoses of wild game animals in the ddr]. | a survey about the important parasites and parasitic diseases of the fair game animals in the gdr is given. here are of special importance: the coccidiosis of the hares, the sarcosporidiosis and the infection with lungworms and gastro-intestinal helminths of the wild ruminants and wildboars, the onchocercosis of the red deer and lastly the infection with skin warble, pharyngeal gad-fly larvae and louse-flies of the roe and red deer. the possibility of crosswise infection between domestic and gam ... | 1980 | 7011109 |
| morphology of the mandibular and sublingual ganglion in the deer (cervus elaphus l. 1758). | 1980 | 6982204 | |
| [loss of permanent teeth in the workers at the state farms in elk]. | 1981 | 6949197 | |
| keratitis in red deer. | 1981 | 6947162 | |
| welcome to 7 elk street--home of dssny's office of government relations. | 1980 | 6935562 | |
| do the blood vessels of the antler velvet of the red deer have an adrenergic innervation? | samples of antler velvet and pedicle skin of red deer were snap-frozen, freeze-dried and treated with hot formaldehyde vapour. sections (4 microns thick) were epi-illuminated with ultra-violet light. no blue-green fluorescence characteristic of adrenergic nerves was seen in sections from the antler velvet except in one castrate, although the blood vessels of the pedicle skin were well innervated. yellow fluorescence characteristic of 5-hydroxytryptamine was present in mast cells in the velvet. t ... | 1981 | 6911764 |
| red deer endoparasites. | 1982 | 6897688 | |
| myxofibrosarcoma in a roosevelt elk (cervus elaphus roosevelti). | 1983 | 6879958 | |
| pathology of spontaneous and experimental infection of north american wild ruminants with mycobacterium paratuberculosis. | spontaneous paratuberculosis was studied in free-ranging and captive bighorn sheep (ovis canadensis), and rocky mountain goats (oreamnos americanus). lesions of paratuberculosis in these species resembled the disease in domestic sheep and goats. mycobacterium paratuberculosis cultured from bighorn sheep was used to orally infect bighorn x mouflon (ovis musimon) hybrid sheep, elk (cervus elaphus nelsoni), mule deer (odocoileus hemionus), and white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus). clinical pa ... | 1983 | 6879954 |
| haemorheological studies of the sickle cell phenomenon in european red deer (cervus elaphus). | it was demonstrated that the appearance of sickle-shaped erythrocytes can be induced by oxygenating the blood of european red deer (cervus elaphus). the process was reversible. blood cell counts with the exception of a slight reduction in red cell number and protein fractions did not show any abnormal values. the blood, which was examined at least 18 h after sampling, exhibited considerable deviations of blood gas values. in addition, highly significant haemorheological changes due to the sickle ... | 1983 | 6871477 |
| influence of some sedative drugs on the appetite of red deer. | 1983 | 6857983 | |
| [anatomy of the skull of red deer and roe-deer]. | 1983 | 6857641 | |
| infectivity of sarcocystis spp. from bison, elk, moose, and cattle for cattle via sporocysts from coyotes. | bison bison (bison), cervus canadensis (elk), alces alces (moose), and bos taurus (cattle) musculature containing sarcocystis spp. cysts was fed to laboratory raised canis latrans (coyotes), sporocysts collected from the feces of coyotes fed musculature of each of the ruminant species were fed to four groups of three laboratory-raised domestic calves, respectively, to determine if sarcocystis spp. was transmissible from wild to domestic ruminants and if so, to compare clinical signs of infection ... | 1982 | 6811717 |
| studies in sarcocystis species. viii: sarcocystis and toxoplasma in red deer (cervus elaphus). | 1981 | 6798514 | |
| detection of astrovirus in the faeces of red deer. | 1981 | 6791371 | |
| brucellosis in elk iii. serologic evaluation. | the efficacy of the standard plate agglutination (spt), buffered brucella antigen rapid card (bba), rivanol (riv) and complement fixation (cft) tests was statistically evaluated and correlated with known brucellosis infections in elk. low titers on the spt were detected in artificially exposed mature cow elk 2 weeks postinoculation and other tests began detecting antibodies at 3 weeks. titers on all tests were detected as long as 4 years postinoculation. serologic response was similar in artific ... | 1981 | 6788962 |
| coyote as a final host for sarcocystis species of goats, sheep, cattle, elk, bison, and moose in montana. | tissues (1 kg) from sheep, goats, cattle, moose, bison, or elk naturally infected with sarcocystis species were fed to one to four sarcocystis-free coyotes and the number of sporocysts in feces and intestines were counted. all 12 coyotes fed naturally infected tissues shed sarcocystis in feces, with a prepatent period of 9 to 15 days. the four coyotes fed infected beef had 15, 25, 113, and 201 million sporocysts in their feces and intestines. the coyotes fed elk, moose, or bison had 2.5, 15, and ... | 1980 | 6778270 |
| antler growth in male red deer (cervus elaphus) after active immunization against lh-rh. | four sexually mature male red deer were actively immunized against lhrh and this caused 3 of the animals to cast their antlers prematurely in the autumn instead of the spring. development of new antlers was initiated after casting, but the effects on the antler cycle were variable and correlated with the antibody titre, only the animal with the highest titre developed antlers that resembled those of a castrate and remained 'in velvet' for more than 6 months. in october, when all the immunized de ... | 1982 | 6757419 |
| local resource competition and the evolution of male-biased sex ratios. | in many mammalian species, maturing males disperse from their natal groups, while females remain near their places of birth. if sources are limited locally, related females may be forced to compete with one another for access to resources, while mature males will compete primarily with unrelated individuals in non-natal groups. clark (1978) suggested that under such circumstances the extent of competition among females could be reduced if females uniformly skewed the sex ratio of their offspring ... | 1984 | 6748687 |
| trypanosomes in cervidae in germany. | trypanosoma cervi kingston et morton, 1975 was demonstrated in 2 fallow deer (dama dama) in 1976, and in 10 roe deer (capreolus capreolus) and one red deer (cervus elaphus) in spring 1983. the infected deer originated from the vicinity of hannover, germany. | 1984 | 6730781 |
| comparative anatomical and topographic studies of the salivary glands of red deer (cervus elaphus), fallow deer (cervus dama), and mouflon (ovis ammon musimon)--ruminantia: cervidae, bovidae. | the salivary glands of red deer, fallow deer, and mouflon were investigated macroscopically as to their topographic situation and relationship, as to their specific structure including their ducts and to their relative weight. these findings were compared with those from domestic ruminants and were related to the morphophysiological specialisation of other portions of the ruminant digestive system and to their function. the relative size of all salivary glands decreases from red deer via fallow ... | 1984 | 6724282 |
| influence of winter feed restriction and summer compensation on skeletal development in red deer stags (cervus elaphus). | the influence of two planes of nutrition (unrestricted and 70 per cent restricted during the winter) on skeletal development as illustrated by the metacarpus was studied in 12 red deer stag calves. at approximately three-monthly intervals from january 1978 when the stags were seven months old, until august 1979 when the stags were 26 months old, radiographs of the right metacarpus were taken. from the resultant radiographs, diaphyseal length, diaphyseal breadth, breadth of mineralised bone, cort ... | 1984 | 6718818 |
| anaplasma infections in wild and domestic ruminants: a review. | anaplasma marginale can be transmitted, will grow and can survive in a large number of domestic and wild animals. it is pathogenic in cattle, and usually produces nonapparent or mild infections in other species. anaplasma marginale has been recovered from cattle, sheep, goats, water buffalo (bubalus bubalis), white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus), mule deer (odocoileus hemionus hemionus), black-tailed deer (odocoileus hemionus columbianus), pronghorn (antilocapra americana americana), rocky ... | 1984 | 6716555 |
| relationships between seasonal changes in serum testosterone concentrations, scrotal circumference and sperm morphology of male wapiti (cervus elaphus). | one 2-year-old and 4 adult (greater than 3 years old) wapiti were studied throughout 1 year. serum testosterone concentrations, scrotal circumference and % normal spermatozoa in the ejaculate peaked around september. testosterone levels fell sharply by november, but scrotal circumference declined less sharply and normal sperm production occurred until march. there were indications of a secondary peak in these values around february-march. | 1984 | 6699808 |
| biochemical characteristics of erythrocyte sorbitol dehydrogenase from selected mammals. | the erythrocyte sorbitol dehydrogenase (ec 1.1.1.14) activity, regarding its action on sorbitol oxidation to fructose, was studied in 19 species of mammals, showing a striking variability, with high activity in rodents. enzyme activity was studied against other polyols, namely xylitol, inositol, manitol and dulcitol. most animals showed activity against all the polyols studied, but hamster and red deer only presented activity on sorbitol and xylitol. michaelis-menten constant determinations for ... | 1984 | 6697697 |
| experimental contagious ecthyma in mule deer, white-tailed deer, pronghorn and wapiti. | hand-reared mule deer fawns (odocoileus hemionus), white-tailed deer fawns (odocoileus virginianus), pronghorn fawns (antilocapra americana) and wapiti calves (cervus elaphus nelsoni) were exposed to contagious ecthyma lesion material obtained from rocky mountain bighorn sheep (ovis canadensis canadensis) to determine the susceptibility and pathogenesis in these species. all four species developed mucocutaneous proliferative lesions of the oral cavity, grossly and histologically compatible with ... | 1983 | 6685778 |
| nutrition and lactational control of fertility in red deer. | 1983 | 6681867 | |
| genetic differentiation in four european subspecies of red deer (cervus elaphus l.). | red deer representing the four different european subspecies cervus elaphus atlanticus, c. e. elaphus, c. e. germanicus, and c. e. scoticus were examined for allozyme variability at 35 enzyme loci. the proportion of polymorphic loci within populations (p) ranged from 0 to 13.8 per cent and the average heterozygosity (h) from 0 to 3.6 per cent. these estimates are within the range previously observed among mammalian species. significant allele frequency differences were found both within and betw ... | 1983 | 6668220 |
| simple in vivo method for determining calcium and phosphorus content of the metacarpus of red deer using radiography. | 1983 | 6649368 | |
| experimental infection of some north american wild ruminants and domestic sheep with mycobacterium paratuberculosis: clinical and bacteriological findings. | mycobacterium paratuberculosis originally isolated from bighorn sheep (ovis canadensis) with spontaneous paratuberculosis was used to orally inoculate rocky mountain elk (cervus elaphus nelsoni) calves, mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) fawns, white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) fawns, bighorn x mouflon (ovis musimon) hybrid lambs, and domestic lambs. all experimentally exposed animals became infected. during the first year of infection, hybrid and domestic sheep were able to control the in ... | 1983 | 6644916 |
| winter food restriction and summer compensation in red deer stags (cervus elaphus). | twelve red deer stags (cervus elaphus) penned individually from weaning were fed on a concentrate diet. six stags received the diet to appetite throughout the study, and the other six were restricted to 70% of the intake of the first group during winter and then fed to appetite during summer. the winter-restricted stags showed remarkable compensatory growth during summer. compared with the unrestricted stags they showed greater food intake, greater daily live-weight gain and increased food conve ... | 1983 | 6639930 |
| folding of homologous proteins. the refolding of different ribonucleases is independent of sequence variations, proline content and glycosylation. | the refolding kinetics of four different pancreatic ribonucleases have been compared. bovine and ovine rnaase contain 4 proline residues, red deer rnaase has 5 prolines, the enzyme from roe deer 6 prolines. despite the variation in the amount of prolines, all four proteins show a constant value of 20% fast refolding species uf. the extra proline residues of the deer enzymes do not increase the amount of slow refolding species us. consequently these residues may be non-essential for folding. desp ... | 1983 | 6620387 |
| scanning electron and incident light microscopy of giant tubules in red deer dentin. | incisal and cuspal teeth from red deers 2 1/2-6 1/2 yr of age were used in this study. incident light microscopy was used for screening of the specimens with respect to presence of orifices and exposures of giant tubules. scanning electron microscopy (sem) was used for study of structural details. for sem the specimens were pretreated with a 1% solution of naclo for 2 or 20 h. one specimen was in addition exposed to a 35% solution of phosphoric acid for 30 s. two teeth received no pretreatment. ... | 1984 | 6591364 |
| microradiographic and polarized light study of red deer root dentin with special reference to occurrence of giant tubules. | radiolucent bands following the course of the dentinal tubules were observed in sections of undemineralized roots of permanent red deer incisors. some of these bands, previously unreported in mammalian root dentin, contained giant tubules similar to those described earlier by the author in the coronal dentin of this animal. the root giant tubules initiated with funnel-shaped orifices at the border of the pulpal cavity and, generally, terminated in the peripheral dentin, whereas a few penetrated ... | 1984 | 6589733 |
| medicine--of the same ilk as the elk? | 1983 | 6578431 | |
| a light microscopical and microradiographic study of coronal dentin in red deer with special reference to the occurrence of giant tubules. | the coronal dentin of red deer (cervus elaphus l.) was studied by light microscopy and microradiographyy. the material consisted of incisors from 10 animals, 2 1/2-6 1/2 years of age. sections in the long axes of the crowns in the buccolingual and mesiodistal planes were prepared, as well as transverse sections. a few crowns were also examined in toto. a system of giant tubules of the same type as in human dentin is described. it was, however, characterized by more regularity in the number and t ... | 1983 | 6574586 |
| polarized light study of giant tubules in human and red deer coronal dentin. | previously described giant tubules in human and red deer coronal dentin have been subjected to a study by polarized light microscopy. structure of the giant tubules was similar in both species. the lumen of each tubule was bordered by a 5-15-micrometers-thick collagenous mantle in which the fibers were orientate parallel to its long axis. in a circular dentin area encompassing the mantle, the course of the collagen fibers might be characterized as a winding of fibers around the cylindrical mantl ... | 1983 | 6574577 |
| effect of feeding melatonin to red deer (cervus elaphus) on the onset of the breeding season. | four non-lactating red deer hinds kept in natural light were each given orally 5 mg melatonin daily in the afternoon from 1 june to 5 october. the time difference between melatonin administration and sunset was 5.5-6 until the end of august, thereafter gradually decreasing to 3.5 h. onset of oestrous cyclicity occurred in late august and early september, 2-8 weeks in advance of control hinds. a stag given 10 mg melatonin daily shed the antler velvet on 18 july, 4 weeks earlier than untreated sta ... | 1984 | 6542590 |
| serum levels of testosterone precursors, testosterone and estradiol in 10 animal species. | blood levels of testosterone precursors, i.e. pregnenolone, progesterone, 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, androstendione, dhea, and delta 5-androstendiol as well as testosterone and estradiol are measured in 10 animals each of 10 different species. the determination is done by radioimmunoassay with steroidspecific antibodies. precursors of the delta 5-pathway (dhea, androstendiol) are low in the red deer, dog, cat, rat and guinea pig. precursors of the delta 4-pathway (progesterone, 17-hydroxproge ... | 1984 | 6540697 |
| levels of trace elements in liver from norwegian moose, reindeer and red deer in relation to atmospheric deposition. | 1984 | 6524572 | |
| stercorarian trypanosomes from deer (cervidae) in germany. | twenty of 35 roe deer (capreolus capreolus), eight of 12 red deer (cervus elaphus), and nine of 21 fallow deer (cervus dama) but none of four moose (alces alces) examined from april to november 1983 were infected with trypanosomes. morphometric data of the bloodstream trypomastigotes from the three deer species differed significantly. this appears to be the first report of stercorarian trypanosomes from cervidae in the old world and the first description of representatives of the subgenus megatr ... | 1984 | 6512728 |
| fluoride toxicosis in wild ungulates. | to compare the occurrence of chronic fluoride toxicosis in wild and domestic animals in selected areas of utah, idaho, montana, and wyoming, deer, elk, and bison bones and teeth were collected for evaluation. vegetation and drinking water samples also were collected, so that potential sources of fluoride could be evaluated. deer, elk, and bison were found to be susceptible to the adverse effects of ingestion of excessive amounts of fluoride. teeth and bones were primarily affected with character ... | 1984 | 6511570 |
| [intrinsic oxygen affinity: the primary structure of a ruminantia hemoglobin: methionine in betana2 of a pecora, the northern elk (alces alces alces)]. | the primary structures of the alpha- and beta-chains of hemoglobin from the northern elk (alces alces alces) have been determined. the sequence was compared with the bovine chains. the oxygen affinity regarding the primary structure of the beta-chains is discussed. | 1984 | 6510898 |
| cadmium/zinc relationships in kidney cortex and metallothionein of horse and red deer: histopathological observations on horse kidneys. | cadmium and zinc were determined in kidney cortex of 63 horses and 51 red deer (cervus elaphus). cadmium and zinc were also determined in protein fractions obtained by sephadex chromatography of kidney cortex from 10 horses and 4 red deer. histopathological parameters in kidney cortex of horses were compared to cadmium content. the metal contents (on wet weight basis) in kidney cortex of the horses were 0.31 +/- 0.22 mmole cd/kg (range 0.03-1.21) and 0.63 +/- 0.17 mmole zn/kg (range 0.36-1.23). ... | 1984 | 6510395 |
| lungworm and lice of the red deer (cervus elaphus) and the fallow deer (dama dama)--a review. | 1980 | 6451822 | |
| dictyocaulus infection in farmed red deer (cervus elaphus). | post mortem examination of red deer calves on a deer farm situated on hill ground in north-east scotland revealed infection by a lungworm morphologically similar to dictyocaulus viviparus. trials were conducted to monitor the natural development of d viviparus infection in red deer, to investigate the value of a commercial lungworm vaccine and to evaluate methods of treating clinical cases. the findings indicate that the syndrome may be less apparent in red deer than it is in cattle, protection ... | 1980 | 6445622 |
| failure to transmit sarcocystis species from ox, sheep, goats, moose, elk, and mule deer to raccoons. | 1983 | 6408956 | |
| induction of early rutting in male red deer (cervus elaphus) by melatonin and its dependence on lhrh. | eight red deer stags, 2 control, 3 control-immunized (i.e. a low titre of lhrh antibodies after active immunization 2 years earlier) and 3 superior cervical ganglionectomized, were given a s.c. implant of melatonin in may at the nadir of the sexual cycle; 5 other stags remained untreated. all the melatonin-treated animals shed the velvet-like skin from the antlers in june or july at least 1 month before the untreated controls, and had an early increase in blood plasma testosterone concentrations ... | 1984 | 6392544 |
| [winter feeding or autumn feeding of game animals?]. | a literature review of seasonal changes in metabolism and food intake and the accumulation of energy deposits (fat) during the natural mast period in autumn is linked to the results of feeding trials with roe deer (capreolus capreolus) and red deer (cervus elaphus) using supplementary feeding and/or planted crops to simulate the mast which is missing in conifer forests planted mainly for timber production. the results indicate that autumn mast simulation is more physiological and effective in re ... | 1984 | 6388030 |
| endocrine control of antler growth in red deer stags. | observations of body weight, testis size, antler status, plasma testosterone and prolactin were made on 12 red deer stags during their first 2 years of life. six of the stags were fed to appetite throughout the study (group a) and 6 were fed a 70% restricted diet during each winter (group b). in addition 6 of the stags , 3 from each group, were studied in more detail; lh and testosterone were measured either after a single injection of lh-rh or in samples taken at frequent intervals over a perio ... | 1984 | 6374134 |
| conservation of repetitive dna sequences in deer species studied by southern blot transfer. | the cervidae show one of the largest variations in chromosome number found within a mammalian family. the five species of the deer family which are the subject of this study vary in chromosome number from 2n = 70 to 2n = 6. digestion with the restriction enzymes ecori, hpaii, haeiii and mspi reveals that there is a series of highly repetitive sequences forming similar band patterns in the different species. to obtain information on the degree of homology among these conserved sequences we isolat ... | 1984 | 6330373 |
| european elk papillomavirus: characterization of the genome, induction of tumors in animals, and transformation in vitro. | the european elk papillomavirus (eepv) genome was cloned in the bamhi cleavage site of the pbr322 vector. the cloned genome was used for construction of a physical map, employing restriction endonucleases bamhi, bglii, hindiii, pvuii, saci, and xhoi. the sequence homology between the eepv and bovine papillomavirus type 1 genomes was elucidated by performing hybridizations in different concentrations of formamide. sequence homology could only be revealed under less stringent conditions, i.e., tm ... | 1983 | 6312094 |
| presumptive adenoviral bronchiolitis in a red deer (cervus elaphus). | 1982 | 6296208 |