Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| domain exchanges between knat3 and knat1 suggest specificity of the kn1-like homeodomains requires sequences outside of the third helix and n-terminal arm of the homeodomain. | domain exchange constructs that traded regions surrounding the homeodomain were constructed for two kn1-like genes, knat1 and knat3, and introduced into arabidopsis thaliana under the control of the 35s camv promoter. the kn1-like homeodomain proteins all have the homeodomain located near the c-terminus of the protein, and also share a second conserved domain (the elk domain) immediately n-terminal to the homeodomain. progeny were scored for the appearance of the knat1 overexpression phenotype. ... | 1997 | 9161041 |
| [changes in the placenta of the elk alces alces l. during pregnancy (morphometric research)]. | elk placentomes were studied during different stages of pregnancy using morphometry and optico-structural computerised analysis. histological sections and smears from the surface of placentome section were made for that. placentome were obtained from animals subjected to legal shooting in hunting districts of novosibirsk. the attention was focused on the examination of cellular elements that constitute a trophoblastic lining and on distribution of capillaries maximally close to trophoblast in ch ... | 1997 | 9156763 |
| molecular mechanisms for somatostatin inhibition of c-fos gene expression. | we reported previously that somatostatin inhibits the expression of the immediate early gene c-fos. accordingly, we characterized the molecular mechanisms by which somatostatin inhibits c-fos gene expression. because growth factors activate c-fos through a region of its promoter known as the serum response element [sre; base pairs (bp) -357 to -276] we transfected rat pituitary adenoma cells (gh3) with plasmids containing the sre or the sre core fragment (bp -320 to -298) upstream of the lucifer ... | 1997 | 9142901 |
| comparison of some blood parameters of captured and farmed red deer (cervus elaphus) hinds. | in studies on the adaptation of red deer (cervus elaphus) to farm conditions, some blood parameters of 3- to 9-year-old captured and farmed hinds were compared. the test variable included blood plasma creatine kinase (ck), alanine aminotransferase (alt), and lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) activities, the concentrations of glucose, urea, total protein (tp), serum cortisol, haemoglobin (hb), and the blastogenic transformation of lymphocytes upon stimulation by the nonspecific mitogens phaseolus vulga ... | 1996 | 9141279 |
| survey of free-ranging elk from wyoming and montana for selected pathogens. | from december 1991 through january 1995, a disease survey was conducted on herds of free-ranging, hunter-killed elk (cervus elaphus nelsoni) from three areas in proximity to yellowstone national park (ynp), wyoming (usa), after tuberculosis caused by mycobacterium bovis was discovered in a captive herd of elk in the area. complete or partial sets of specimens from 289 elk collected between december 1991 and january 1993 were examined histologically; no mycobacterial lesions were observed. lesion ... | 1997 | 9131561 |
| convergence of map kinase pathways on the ternary complex factor sap-1a. | the serum response element (sre), which is pivotal for transcriptional up-regulation of the c-fos protooncogene, is constitutively occupied by a protein complex comprising the serum response factor and a ternary complex factor (tcf). phosphorylation of the tcfs elk-1 and sap-1a by the erk and jnk subclasses of map kinases triggers c-fos transcription. we demonstrate here that elk-1 is barely activated by a third subclass of map kinases (p38), most likely because the critical residues ser383 and ... | 1997 | 9130707 |
| role of rho gtpase in the endothelin-1-induced nuclear signaling. | binding of endothelin-1 (et-1) to its heterotrimeric g protein-coupled receptors stimulates various signaling cascades involving the activation of phospholipase c-beta, phospholipase d, protein kinase c (pkc), tyrosine kinases, ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase (camks), and ras, a small molecular weight g-protein, but, the role of rho gtpase remains unclear. in this project, we examined whether rhoa contributes to the et-1-induced signaling cascade to c-fos sre activation in rat-2 fibroblast cell ... | 1997 | 9125136 |
| the red deer (cervus elaphus) contains two expressed major histocompatibility complex class ii dqb genes. | the highly variable second exons of the red deer (cervus elaphus) major histocompatibility complex (mhc) dqb genes were cloned and sequenced. eight different expressed dqb sequences were isolated from four unrelated red deer. either two or three different dqb sequences were isolated from each individual, demonstrating that more than one dqb gene is expressed in red deer. this is consistent with other ruminant, which also have multiple expressed copies of the dqb gene. the sequences ranged in sim ... | 1997 | 9124708 |
| role of p38 and jnk mitogen-activated protein kinases in the activation of ternary complex factors. | the transcription factors elk-1 and sap-1 bind together with serum response factor to the serum response element present in the c-fos promoter and mediate increased gene expression. the erk, jnk, and p38 groups of mitogen-activated protein (map) kinases phosphorylate and activate elk-1 in response to a variety of extracellular stimuli. in contrast, sap-1 is activated by erk and p38 map kinases but not by jnk. the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 (il-1) activates jnk and p38 map kinases and ... | 1997 | 9111305 |
| reversion of ras- and phosphatidylcholine-hydrolyzing phospholipase c-mediated transformation of nih 3t3 cells by a dominant interfering mutant of protein kinase c lambda is accompanied by the loss of constitutive nuclear mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase activity. | the transformed phenotype of v-ras- or bacillus cereus phosphatidylcholine-hydrolyzing phospholipase c (pc-plc)-expressing nih 3t3 cells is reverted by expressing a kinase-defective mutant of protein kinase c lambda (lambdapkc). we report here that extracellular signal-regulated kinase (erk)-1 and -2 are constitutively activated in v-ras- and pc-plc-transformed cells in the absence of added growth factors. interestingly, the activated erks were exclusively localized to the cell nucleus. consiste ... | 1997 | 9111071 |
| camp activates map kinase and elk-1 through a b-raf- and rap1-dependent pathway. | cyclic adenosine monophosphate (camp) has tissue-specific effects on growth, differentiation, and gene expression. we show here that camp can activate the transcription factor elk-1 and induce neuronal differentiation of pc12 cells via its activation of the map kinase cascade. these cell type-specific actions of camp require the expression of the serine/threonine kinase b-raf and activation of the small g protein rap1. rap1, activated by mutation or by the camp-dependent protein kinase pka, is a ... | 1997 | 9094716 |
| a comparative ultrastructural study of the parotid gland acinar cells of nine wild ruminant species (mammalia, artiodactyla). | the ultrastructural similarities and differences of the parotid gland acinar cells of nine wild ruminants (roe deer, nyala, tahr, eld's deer, red deer, pere david's deer, european mouflon, african buffalo, sable antelope) representing three feeding types i.e. concentrate selectors (cs), grass and roughage eaters (gr) and intermediate feeders (im) were compared. the parotid acinar cells of the cs contained more granular endoplasmic reticulum, golgi-complexes and secretory granules than those of t ... | 1996 | 9090994 |
| study of gene regulation by nf-kappa b and ap-1 in response to reactive oxygen intermediates. | reactive oxygen intermediates (rois), such as hydrogen peroxide or superoxide, are an evolutionarily ancient threat to all organisms. exposure of bacteria to rois initiates a genetic program that coordinates the production of novel proteins with protective functions. this genetic response is mediated by regulatory proteins that have the potential to initiate transcription of genes when the levels of the rois increase. in plant cells, a variety of viral pathogens increase hydrogen peroxide produc ... | 1997 | 9073573 |
| fluoride content and mineralization of red deer (cervus elaphus) antlers and pedicles from fluoride polluted and uncontaminated regions. | fluoride, calcium, and phosphorus content as well as ashpercentage and ash density of primary antlers and pedicle bones were studiedin nine yearling red deer stags from a fluoride polluted region in northbohemia (czech republic) and in nine control animals from two uncontaminatedareas in west germany. fluoride levels in antlers (845 +/- 257 mgf-/kg ash, mean +/- sd) and pedicles (1,448 +/- 461 mgf-/kg ash) of the n-bohemian specimens exceeded that of thecontrols (antlers: 206 +/- 124 mg f-/kg as ... | 1997 | 9069201 |
| the short- and long-term consequences of corporal punishment. proceedings of a conference. elk grove village, illinois, february 9-10, 1996. | 1996 | 9064635 | |
| antioxidants as well as oxidants activate c-fos via ras-dependent activation of extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 2 and elk-1. | intracellular reactive oxygen intermediate (roi) levels play an important role in numerous physiological and pathophysiological conditions. apart from causing oxidative stress and damage, roi changes differentially activate gene expression. however the proto-oncogene encoding the ap-1 transcription factor subunit c-fos is induced by both prooxidants and antioxidants. here, the transcription factor elk-1 is identified as being responsible for c-fos serum response element (sre) induction in respon ... | 1997 | 9063444 |
| hypobiosis in the ostertagids of red deer and the efficacy of ivermectin and fenbendazole against them. | an abattoir survey was carried out during the 1991 to 1992 slaughter season to examine the structure of the ostertagid populations in red deer. most of the animals were 15- to 22-month-old stags, but there were also hinds on two occasions and calves on one. ostertagids of mixed species were present in all of the animals, and 43 of 120 (35.8 per cent) stags and 10 of 17 (58.8 per cent) hinds, but no calves, also carried small numbers of trichostrongylus axei. most animals carried adult and develo ... | 1997 | 9061873 |
| use of an indwelling peripheral catheter for 3-5 day chemotherapy administration in the outpatient setting. | registered nurses (rns) and clinical pharmacists in the hematology-oncology clinic at walter reed army medical center conducted a descriptive study to determine the effectiveness and safety of using indwelling peripheral intravenous catheters (pics) for daily administration of various chemotherapeutic agents given intermittently over a 3-5 day period to outpatients. eighty-nine adult outpatients requiring daily doses of chemotherapy including fluorouracil (5-fu) (solopak, elk grove village, il), ... | 1996 | 9060358 |
| activation of stress-activated protein kinase-3 (sapk3) by cytokines and cellular stresses is mediated via sapkk3 (mkk6); comparison of the specificities of sapk3 and sapk2 (rk/p38). | stress-activated protein kinase-3 (sapk3), a recently described map kinase family member with a wide-spread tissue distribution, was transfected into several mammalian cell lines and shown to be activated in response to cellular stresses, interleukin-1 (il-1) and tumour necrosis factor (tnf) in a similar manner to sapk1 (also termed jnk) and sapk2 (also termed p38, rk, csbp and mxi2). sapk3 and sapk2 were activated at similar rates in vitro by sapkk3 (also termed mkk6), and sapkk3 was the only a ... | 1997 | 9029150 |
| spongiform encephalopathy in free-ranging mule deer (odocoileus hemionus), white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) and rocky mountain elk (cervus elaphus nelsoni) in northcentral colorado. | between march 1981 and june 1995, a neurological disease characterized histologically by spongiform encephalopathy was diagnosed in 49 free-ranging cervids from northcentral colorado (usa). mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) were the primary species affected and accounted for 41 (84%) of the 49 cases, but six rocky mountain elk (cervus elaphus nelsoni) and two white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) were also affected. clinical signs included emaciation, excessive salivation, behavioral changes, ... | 1997 | 9027685 |
| activation of the sap-1a transcription factor by the c-jun n-terminal kinase (jnk) mitogen-activated protein kinase. | ternary complex factors (tcfs) bind to the serum response element in the c-fos promoter and mediate its activation by many extracellular stimuli. some of these stimuli activate the erk subclass of mitogen-activated protein kinases (mapks) that target the tcf sap-1a. we show that sap-1a is also phosphorylated by the stress-activated jnk subclass of mapks leading to stimulation of both c-fos serum response element and e74-site-dependent transcription in rk13 cells. several jnk-1 phosphorylation si ... | 1997 | 9020136 |
| impaired induction of c-fos/c-jun genes and of transcriptional regulatory proteins binding distinct c-fos/c-jun promoter elements in activated human t cells during aging. | the activation of transcriptional factor c-fos/c-jun ap-1 is essential for normal t cell responsiveness and is often impaired in t cells during aging. in the present study, we investigated whether aberrancies in the regulation of c-fos/c-jun at the mrna or protein level might underlie the age-associated impairments of ap-1 in human t cells. whereas t cells from young subjects stimulated with cross-linked anti-cd3epsilon mab okt3 plus pma or with the lectin pha plus pma demonstrated considerable ... | 1997 | 9015187 |
| synthesis of early pregnancy factor using red deer (cervus elaphus) as a delayed implantation model. | this study measured serum early pregnancy factor (epf) in pregnant red deer (cervus elaphus) and ascertained whether epf synthesis is associated with implantation. | 1997 | 9013310 |
| [further studies on parasitic arthropods of the elk alces alces in poland]. | in the northeastern part of poland, 239 elks (5% of the polish population) were examined and 7 species of ectoparasites were found. the most frequent included: lipoptena cervi (94%) and chorioptes texanus is new species in poland and it was noted at 50 sites from warmia and the mazurian lake district. | 1996 | 9012137 |
| fli1 and ews-fli1 function as ternary complex factors and elk1 and sap1a function as ternary and quaternary complex factors on the egr1 promoter serum response elements. | the ets gene products are a family of transcriptional regulatory proteins that contain a highly conserved and structurally unique dna binding domain, termed the ets domain. several ets proteins bind to dna as monomers, however it has been shown that the dna binding activity is enhanced or modulated in the presence of other factors. by differential display and whole genome pcr techniques, we have recently shown that the erg1 gene is a target for ets proteins. the egr1 promoter contains multiple e ... | 1997 | 9010223 |
| effects of the duration of lairage following transportation on the behaviour and physiology of farmed red deer. | eight groups of five farmed red deer were transported by road for three hours, after which they were either slaughtered immediately (to) or held in lairage for three, six or 18 hours (t3, t6 and t18). liveweight loss increased with lairage time but hot carcase weight was unaffected. deer spent much of the initial period in lairage standing stationary in 'alert' postures. after eight to 10 hours the proportions of time spent in various postures (standing stationary, moving and lying down) were si ... | 1997 | 9004474 |
| distinct ras effector pathways are involved in fc epsilon r1 regulation of the transcriptional activity of elk-1 and nfat in mast cells. | activation of ras gtpases is a conserved feature of antigen receptor signaling, including fc epsilon r1 activation of mast cells. antigenic cross-linking of the fc epsilon r1 on mast cells results in secretion of allergic mediators and induction of immediate early and cytokine genes. here we examine the role of ras in coupling the fc epsilon r1 to transcriptional regulation. the transcription factors elk-1, an immediate early gene regulator and the nuclear factor of activated t cells (nfat), in ... | 1997 | 8996240 |
| the drosophila erg k+ channel polypeptide is encoded by the seizure locus. | the eag family of k+ channels contains three known subtypes: eag, elk, and erg. genes representing the first two subtypes have been identified in flies and mammals, whereas the third subtype has been defined only by the human herg gene, which encodes an inwardly rectifying channel that is mutated in some cardiac arrhythmias. to establish the predicted existence of a drosophila gene in the erg subfamily and to learn more about the structure and biological function of channels within this subfamil ... | 1997 | 8994042 |
| age-associated changes in basal c-fos transcription factor binding activity in rat hearts. | the early response proto-oncogene c-fos is expressed at very low levels in the mammalian heart at baseline. to further investigate the mechanism of altered c-fos expression with age, we studied in the basal state the binding of five transcription proteins to their cognate sites in the c-fos promoter/enhancer region, in adult and old f344 rats. our results show a reduced binding of e2f and ap1 proteins to the c-fos promoter in aging hearts. the major calcium/cyclic amp response element (cre) and ... | 1996 | 8986626 |
| plasma cortisol responses to remote adrenocorticotropic hormone (acth) infusion in free-ranging red deer (cervus elaphus). | a remote infusion and blood collection device (dracpac) was used on free-ranging red deer stags to deliver i.v. a range of acth1-24 doses and collect blood for cortisol determination. in experiment 1, conducted in september, saline and 1, 4, and 16 iu acth/100 kg bodyweight were infused (n = 5-7 per treatment). in experiment 2 (november), 16 and 64 iu acth/100 kg were infused (n = 5 per treatment); and the response of animals to restraint was also assessed (n = 6). pre-infusion concentrations of ... | 1997 | 8985670 |
| prolactin does not enhance glucose-stimulated insulin release in red deer stags. | red deer stags have a seasonal pattern of insulin secretion that is characterized by both elevated basal and glucose-stimulated insulin release in summer compared with winter. since the seasonal timing of this pattern is similar to that of prolactin and growth rate, the objectives of this study were: first, to determine whether prolactin is associated with the enhanced secretion of insulin during the summer growth period, and second, to determine whether a chronic reduction in plasma prolactin l ... | 1997 | 8985669 |
| [changes in the number of deer louse-flies lipoptena cervi (hippoboscidae) in the forests of northwestern russia]. | long term observations of the abundance fluctuations of the deer louse-fly lipoptena cervi were carried out in forest areas of the leningrad, novgorod and pskov provinces in 1988-1995. the registration of the winged individuals was held in the period of the mass flight in august by the number of deer louse-flies attacking a collector man during 1 km of the pathway. the abundance of deer louse-flies was being high everywhere up to 1993, while it decreased by 8-29 times in 1994-1995. the reason of ... | 1996 | 8984438 |
| the p38 and erk map kinase pathways cooperate to activate ternary complex factors and c-fos transcription in response to uv light. | we investigated the activation of c-fos transcription following uv irradiation, a 'stress' stimulus. in both hela tk- and nih 3t3 cells the serum response element is required for efficient uv-induced c-fos transcription, and in hela tk- cells the ternary complex factor (tcf) binding site contributes substantially to activation. consistent with this, uv irradiation activates lexa-tcf fusion proteins more strongly in hela tk- than in nih 3t3 cells. the tcf c-termini of the tcfs are substrates for ... | 1996 | 8978682 |
| synergistic interactions between overlapping binding sites for the serum response factor and elk-1 proteins mediate both basal enhancement and phorbol ester responsiveness of primate cytomegalovirus major immediate-early promoters in monocyte and t-lymphocyte cell types. | cytomegalovirus (cmv) infection is nonpermissive or persistent in many lymphoid and myeloid cell types but can be activated in differentiated macrophages. we have shown elsewhere that both the major immediate-early gene (mie) and lytic cycle infectious progeny virus expression can be induced in otherwise nonpermissive monocyte-like u-937 cell cultures infected with either human cmv (hcmv) or simian cmv (scmv) by treatment with the phorbol ester 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (tpa). two mul ... | 1996 | 8970984 |
| in vitro responses of cervine macrophages to bacterial stimulants. | the function of cervine (deer) mononuclear phagocytes is poorly defined. in the present study, the potential of cervine macrophages to generate phagocytic and immunoregulatory responses following stimulation with bacterial products was investigated. blood-derived macrophages of red deer were cultured in vitro with particulate stimulants (mycobacterium bovis bcg and staphylococcus aureus sac) or soluble stimulants (m. bovis ppd and escherichia coli lps), prior to assessment of phagocytic response ... | 1996 | 8969045 |
| [detection of herpesvirus serum antibodies in red deer (cervus elaphus) imported into the czech republic]. | antibodies reacting in the virus-neutralisation test with bovine herpesvirus (bhv-1), the causative agent of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr), were demonstrated in a herd of red deer (cervus elaphus) imported into the czech republic. sera from the same collection were later tested against a homologous virus, termed herpesvirus cervidae 1 (hvc-1), isolated from red deer in scotland. out of 165 imported animals, antibodies to bhv-1 were found in 68% and to hvc-1 in 71% of the animals. titre ... | 1996 | 8966967 |
| eph family receptors and their ligands distribute in opposing gradients in the developing mouse retina. | the eph family of receptor tyrosine kinases and their ligands can be divided into two specificity subclasses: the eck-related receptors and their gpi-anchored ligands, and the elk-related receptors and their transmembrane ligands. previous reports demonstrated that eck- and elk-related receptors in the retina distribute in high temporal-low nasal and high ventral-low dorsal gradients, respectively. while others have focused on complementary ligand gradients in the retinal axon target, the tectum ... | 1996 | 8954746 |
| similarities and differences in the way transmembrane-type ligands interact with the elk subclass of eph receptors | the eph family of receptor tyrosine kinases and their cell surface bound ligands have been implicated in a number of developmental processes, including axon pathfinding and fasciculation, as well as patterning in the central nervous system. to better understand the complex signaling events taking place, we have undertaken a comparative analysis of ligand-receptor interactions between a subset of ligands, those that are tethered to the cell surface via a transmembrane domain, and a subset of eph ... | 1996 | 8954633 |
| biosynthesis, processing, and targeting of sphingolipid activator protein (sap )precursor in cultured human fibroblasts. mannose 6-phosphate receptor-independent endocytosis of sap precursor. | sphingolipid activator proteins (saps) are essential cofactors for the lysosomal degradation of glycosphingolipids with short oligosaccharide chains by acidic exohydrolases. sap-a, -b, -c, and -d derive from proteolysis of a 73-kda glycoprotein, the sap precursor. in the present publication, we studied the intracellular transport and the endocytosis of sap precursor in human skin fibroblasts. our data indicate that sap precursor bears phosphate residues on noncomplex carbohydrate chains linked t ... | 1996 | 8943309 |
| elk and lerk-2 in developing kidney and microvascular endothelial assembly. | eph family receptor tyrosine kinases direct neuronal cell targeting, bundling and intercellular aggregation activity, yet their role in mammalian kidney development has been unexplored to date. we recently identified expression of elk (eph-like kinase) receptors in cultured human renal microvascular endothelial cells (hrmec), and showed that elk mediates their in vitro assembly into capillary-like structures in response to the exogenous ligand, lerk-2. here we identify expression of the elk liga ... | 1996 | 8941926 |
| map kinase-dependent transcriptional coactivation by elk-1 and its cofactor cbp. | a plethora of signals induce the c-fos proto-oncogene via phosphorylation of the transcription factor elk-1 by map kinase. we show that the coactivator cbp cooperates with elk-1 to stimulate c-fos. elk-1 physically interacts with cbp, which is dependent on the transactivation domain of elk-1 but is independent of map kinase phosphorylation. however, functional cooperation between elk-1 and cbp requires phosphorylation of elk-1. importantly, a carboxy-terminal transactivation domain of cbp itself ... | 1996 | 8941362 |
| phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signals activate a selective subset of rac/rho-dependent effector pathways. | phosphatidylinositol 3'-hydroxyl kinase (pi 3-kinase) is activated by many growth factor receptors and is thought to exert its cellular functions through the elevation of phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-triphosphate levels in the cell. pi 3-kinase is required for growth-factor induced changes of the actin cytoskeleton which are mediated by the gtpases rac and rho. recently, a role for rac and rho in regulating gene transcription has become evident. | 1996 | 8939609 |
| t cell responses to mycobacterium bovis in red deer, a large animal model for tuberculosis. | red deer (cervus elaphus) represent an appropriate large animal model to study the immunology of tuberculosis, being naturally susceptible to mycobacterium bovis infection. cell-mediated immune responses were investigated in deer displaying protective- or disease-type reactions, following immunization with m. bovis bacille calmette-guerin (bcg) or infection with virulent m. bovis, respectively. t cell responses were measured as antigen-dependent cell proliferation and production of t cell growth ... | 1996 | 8934651 |
| accumulation of cadmium and lead in red deer and wild boar at the veluwe, the netherlands. | 1996 | 8933695 | |
| central melatonin receptors in red deer (cervus elaphus). | red deer display characteristic seasonal changes in appetite, growth, and reproduction which are mediated by the pineal hormone, melatonin, which provides a direct neuroendocrine transduction of the ambient photoperiod. to identify potential central sites of action for this hormone, [2(-125)i]iodomelatonin binding sites were localized and characterized within the cervine brain and pituitary by in vitro autoradiography. specific binding was distributed over a number of discrete regions of the bra ... | 1996 | 8921349 |
| similarities and differences in the way transmembrane-type ligands interact with the elk subclass of eph receptors. | the eph family of receptor tyrosine kinases and their cell surface bound ligands have been implicated in a number of developmental processes, including axon pathfinding and fasciculation, as well as patterning in the central nervous system. to better understand the complex signaling events taking place, we have undertaken a comparative analysis of ligand-receptor interactions between a subset of ligands, those that are tethered to the cell surface via a transmembrane domain, and a subset of eph ... | 1996 | 8918835 |
| net (erp/sap2) one of the ras-inducible tcfs, has a novel inhibitory domain with resemblance to the helix-loop-helix motif. | the three ternary complex factors (tcfs), net (erp/ sap-2), elk-1 and sap-1, are highly related ets oncogene family members that participate in the response of the cell to ras and growth signals. understanding the different roles of these factors will provide insights into how the signals result in coordinate regulation of the cell. we show that net inhibits transcription under basal conditions, in which sap-1a is inactive and elk-1 stimulates. repression is mediated by the nid, the net inhibito ... | 1996 | 8918463 |
| cloning, sequencing and functional analysis of a truncated cdna encoding red deer prolactin receptor: an alternative tyrosine residue mediates beta-casein promoter activation. | this study reports the isolation and in vitro characterisation of a truncated cdna encoding the red deer long form prolactin receptor. the cdna sequence predicts a protein of 557 amino acids which differs from the rat sequence by a 3' truncation of the cytoplasmic domain located 34 residues before the stop codon. the deer sequence shares the regions of homology which are important for maintenance of structural and functional integrity, high affinity binding and signal transduction. however, the ... | 1996 | 8912807 |
| determination of stability of brucella abortus rb51 by use of genomic fingerprint, oxidative metabolism, and colonial morphology and differentiation of strain rb51 from b. abortus isolates from bison and elk. | brucella abortus rb51 and isolates from cattle, bison, and elk were characterized by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and standard techniques for biotyping brucella species, which included biochemical, morphological, and antigenic techniques, phage susceptibility, and antibiotic resistance. the objectives were to ascertain the stability of rb51 and to differentiate rb51 from other brucellae. genomic restriction endonuclease patterns produced by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis demonstrated a uni ... | 1996 | 8904427 |
| distinct and overlapping expression patterns of ligands for eph-related receptor tyrosine kinases during mouse embryogenesis. | recent studies have implicated eph-related receptor tyrosine kinases and their membrane-bound ligands in restricting or stimulating the movement of cells and axons. members of these large families of receptors and ligands fall into two major binding specificity classes, in which the gpi-anchored subgroup of ligands can each bind to all members of a subgroup of receptors, whereas the transmembrane ligands interact with a distinct subgroup of receptors. analysis of expression patterns is therefore ... | 1996 | 8903354 |
| k-casein gene phylogeny of higher ruminants (pecora, artiodactyla). | to assess phylogenetic relationships among the higher ruminants (infraorder pecora, order artiodactyla), we analyzed k-casein dna sequences, including 434 nucleotides of the fourth exon. the higher ruminant families bovidae, cervidae, giraffidae, and antilocapridae each have monophyletic k-casein sequences. maximum parsimony and distance analyses identify giraffidae as a sister group to either cervidae or a bovidae-cervidae clade and antilocapridae as a sister group to a bovidae-cervidae-giraffi ... | 1996 | 8899730 |
| molecular cloning of elk-3, a new member of the ets family expressed during mouse embryogenesis and analysis of its transcriptional repression activity. | we isolated a cdna clone, elk-3, that encodes a novel ets transcription factor from 16-day mouse embryos. the deduced amino acid sequence of the protein was homologous to human elk-1 and sap-1. this protein, elk-1, and sap-1 shared some unique structural properties such as an ets dna-binding site in the amino-terminal region, a serum response factor interacting domain and phosphorylation sites of serine or threonine residues in the carboxy-terminal region. northern blotting weakly revealed that ... | 1996 | 8892757 |
| conservation of a 31-bp bovine subrepeat in centromeric satellite dna monomers of cervus elaphus and other cervid species. | a centromeric satellite dna clone was isolated from the genome of the european red deer (cervus elaphus hippelaphus) and designated ce-pst1. this clone was localized to the centromeric region of all red deer chromosomes with the exception of a single pair of metacentric autosomes and the y chromosome. dna sequence analysis of the 806-bp ce-pst1 clone showed 73.0-78.9% sequence homology to four previously isolated cervid centromeric satellite dna clones, suggesting that the ce-pst1 clone is yet a ... | 1996 | 8889241 |
| observations on the epidemiology of gastrointestinal nematodes of farmed red deer in central southern england. | the epidemiology of the gastrointestinal nematodes of farmed red deer was followed over three years on two farms in north hertfordshire. worm counts on 10 animals (four months to 10 years old) between november and march showed that mixed ostertagid infections were dominant with very small numbers of trichostrongylus axei, cooperia punctata and oesophagostomum species also present in some individuals. an increase in the faecal nematode egg count of the hinds in summer was followed by an increase ... | 1996 | 8883346 |
| the value of immunodiagnostic tests in detecting tuberculosis in an infected red deer herd and in eradication of the disease by selection. | the sensitivity and specificity of intradermal tuberculin test (tb test) were studied in an infected red deer (cervus elaphus) herd (n = 109) in comparison to the results of other examinations including gross pathology, histopathology, mycobacterium bovis culture, and the lymphocyte-stimulation test (lst). in our case, relative sensitivity was 79.5% and relative specificity was 45.7%. the predictive value in negative and positive cases was 80.0% and 44.9%, respectively. on the basis of the resul ... | 1995 | 8882737 |
| exogenous interferon delays luteal regression in red deer hinds (cervus elaphus) by suppressing steroid-induced endometrial oxytocin sensitivity. | three groups of intact hinds (n = 10-18) and one group of ovariectomized hinds were treated with progesterone by mean, of controlled internal drug releasing (cidr) devices for 13 days (device removal = day 0). group 1 served as controls; group 2 received injections of 4 mg recombinant bovine interferon-alpha,1 twice daily from days 13 to 21; group 3 was run with a stag from days 0 to 3, and all hinds were subsequently diagnosed pregnant; group 4 (ovariectomized) was treated with cidr devices and ... | 1996 | 8879504 |
| bidirectional signalling through the eph-family receptor nuk and its transmembrane ligands. | receptor tyrosine kinases of the eph class have been implicated in the control of axon guidance and fasciculation, in regulating cell migration, and in defining compartments in the developing embryo. efficient activation of eph receptors generally requires that their ligands be anchored to the cell surface, either through a transmembrane (tm) region or a glycosyl phosphatidylinositol (gpi) group. these observations have suggested that eph receptors can transduce signals initiated by direct cell- ... | 1996 | 8878483 |
| selective response of ternary complex factor sap1a to different mitogen-activated protein kinase subgroups. | mitogenic and stres signals results in the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (erks) and stress-activated protein kinase/c-jun n-terminal kinases (sapk/jnks), respectively, which are two subgroups of the mitogen-activated protein kinases. a nuclear target of mitogen-activated protein (map) kinases is the ternary complex factor elk-1, which underlies its involvement in the regulation of c-fos gene expression by mitogenic and stress signals. a second ternary complex factor, sap1a ... | 1996 | 8876175 |
| contribution of both stat and srf/tcf to c-fos promoter activation by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. | granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (gm-csf) is a hematopoietic growth factor that has been shown to support call proliferation in murine fibroblasts engineered to stably express both chains of the human gm-csf receptor (nih-gmr). because the proto-oncogene c-fos is believed to provide a link between short-term signals elicited at the membrane and long-term cellular response, we chose to study the mechanism of gm-csf-dependent cell regulation using c-fos promoter activity as a molec ... | 1996 | 8874187 |
| structure and organization of the mouse elk1 gene. | in the ets gene family of transcription factors, elk1 belongs to the subfamily of ternary complex factors (tcfs) which bind to the serum response element (sre) in conjunction with a dimer of serum response factors (srfs). in this communication we report the isolation of cdnas from the mouse elk1 gene, containing the full coding sequence homologous (87% identical) to the human gene, and the structure and organization of 22 kb of the mouse elk1 locus. the coding sequence is spread through 5 exons ... | 1996 | 8863747 |
| a parentage evaluation test in north american elk (wapiti) using microsatellites of ovine and bovine origin. | dna microsatellites originally detected in sheep and cattle are also detectable in north american elk (wapiti) using polymerase chain reactions. we have developed a parentage test in elk using eleven microsatellite markers that are highly polymorphic and informative. | 1996 | 8856904 |
| urea-inducible egr-1 transcription in renal inner medullary collecting duct (mimcd3) cells is mediated by extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation. | urea (200-400 milliosmolar) activates transcription, translation of, and trans-activation by the immediate-early gene transcription factor egr-1 in a renal epithelial cell-specific fashion. the effect at the transcriptional level has been attributed to multiple serum response elements and their adjacent ets motifs located within the egr-1 promoter. elk-1, a principal ternary complex factor and ets domain-containing protein, is a substrate of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (erk) mitoge ... | 1996 | 8855340 |
| regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinases by a calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase cascade. | membrane depolarization of ng108 cells gives rapid (< 5 min) activation of ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase iv (cam-kiv), as well as activation of c-jun n-terminal kinase (jnk). to investigate whether the ca2+-dependent activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (erk, jnk, and p38) might be mediated by the cam kinase cascade, we have transfected pc12 cells, which lack cam-kiv, with constitutively active mutants of cam kinase kinase and/or cam-kiv (cam-kkc and cam-kivc, respectively) ... | 1996 | 8855261 |
| innervation and anesthesia of the antler pedicle in wapiti and fallow deer. | the heads from 6 mature male wapiti and 8 mature male fallow deer were dissected to provide a description of the nerves supplying the antler pedicles. innervation in both species was found to resemble that of the red deer, with major contributions coming from the infratrochlear and zygomaticotemporal nerves. all heads displayed a dorsal branch from the auriculopalpebral nerve, but in only 2 wapiti and 3 fallow deer heads was this branch observed travelling to the pedicle. the dorsal branches of ... | 1996 | 8853883 |
| chondrogenesis in the regenerating antler tip in red deer: expression of collagen types i, iia, iib, and x demonstrated by in situ nucleic acid hybridization and immunocytochemistry. | the annual regrowth of antlers in male deer is a unique example of complete bone regeneration occurring in an adult animal. growth is initiated at the distal antler tip, which is similar to the epiphyseal growth plate in some respects. however, there is some debate as to whether this process represents "true" endochondral ossification. as part of the characterization of the developmental process in pre-osseus antler tissue, we have studied, by in situ hybridization, the spatial expression of mrn ... | 1996 | 8850568 |
| induction of c-fos expression through jnk-mediated tcf/elk-1 phosphorylation. | growth factors induce c-fos transcription by stimulating phosphorylation of transcription factor tcf/elk-1, which binds to the serum response element (sre). under such conditions elk-1 could be phosphorylated by the mitogen-activated protein kinases (mapks) erk1 and erk2. however, c-fos transcription and sre activity are also induced by stimuli, such as uv irradiation and activation of the protein kinase mekk1, that cause only an insignificant increase in erk1/2 activity. however, both of these ... | 1995 | 8846788 |
| prevalence of antibody to malignant catarrhal fever virus in wild and domestic ruminants by competitive-inhibition elisa. | a competitive-inhibition elisa (ci-elisa), based on a monoclonal antibody to an epitope conserved among malignant catarrhal fever virus (mcfv) strains of both wildebeest and sheep origin, was used to determine the prevalence of antibody to mcfv in selected domestic and wild ruminants, both free-ranging and captive, from the usa. we evaluated 2528 sera from 14 species between 1990 and 1995, including 80 pronghorn antelope (antilocapra americana), 339 bighorn sheep (ovis canadensis), 103 biston (b ... | 1996 | 8827669 |
| reduction and repair of colonic intussusception in a wapiti/red hybrid hind (cervus elaphus). | 1995 | 8825316 | |
| triplets in red deer (cervus elaphus). | 1995 | 8825315 | |
| dose rate and mode of exposure are key factors in jnk activation by uv irradiation. | single exposure of cells to uvc (254 nm for 30 s) or to uvb (300 nm for 10 min) was shown to activate jun-nh2 kinases which, in turn, phosphorylate their substrates elk-1, c-jun and atf-2. while uvc (40-80 j/m2) activates jnk up to 4 h, with maximal induction after 30 min, uvb (150-300 j/m2) activates jnk over a prolonged period, up to 24 h, with maximal induction after 6 h. uv-mediated activation of src-related tyrosine kinases and mapk revealed different kinetics, with maximal induction after ... | 1996 | 8824537 |
| flying scapula in a red deer (cervus elaphus). | 1996 | 8819292 | |
| experimental and theoretical quantification of the development of damage in fatigue tests of bone and antler. | this study concerns the development of damage (as measured by a reduction in elastic modulus) in two kinds of bones differing considerably in their degrees of mineralisation: laminar bone from bovine femur and osteonal bone from red deer antler. antler bone is much tougher than 'ordinary' bone and its failure properties have been investigated in: (i) monotonic tensile tests and (ii) creep rupture experiments. tensile fatigue is another way of examining how damage develops in bone. the developmen ... | 1996 | 8817365 |
| effects of glucose or insulin infusions on growth hormone secretion in male red deer. | the growth hormone (gh) secretory pattern in male red deer is associated with the seasonal growth cycle. during this cycle metabolic state changes from weight gain in spring to weight loss in winter. however, short-term metabolic changes due to feeding could also alter the gh pattern. to investigate the effect of such changes on gh secretion, the acute feedback of blood glucose level on the gh secretory pattern was examined. six yearling male red deer were infused iv with glucose (g; 150 mg/kg/h ... | 1996 | 8812391 |
| elk-l3, a novel transmembrane ligand for the eph family of receptor tyrosine kinases, expressed in embryonic floor plate, roof plate and hindbrain segments. | the eph family of receptor tyrosine kinases has 13 distinct members and seven ligands for these receptors have been described to date. these receptors and their ligands have been implicated in regulating neuronal axon guidance and in patterning of the developing nervous system and may also serve a patterning and compartmentalization role outside of the nervous system as well. the ligands are all membrane-attached, and this attachment appears to be crucial for their normal function; five of the k ... | 1996 | 8808709 |
| modification of the mycobacterium bovis extracellular protein mpb70 with fluorescein for rapid detection of specific serum antibodies by fluorescence polarization. | the principle of fluorescence polarization described by perrin (f. perrin, j. phys. radium 7:390-401, 1926) was applied to the development of a novel assay that used fluorescein-labeled mycobacterium bovis secretory protein mpb70 for rapid detection of anti-mpb70 antibodies in selected sera from three m. bovis-infected species (elk, ilama, and bison). labeling of purified mpb70 with fluorescein isothiocyanate resulted in the incorporation of 0.96 +/- 0.08 (mean +/- standard deviation; n = 3) flu ... | 1996 | 8807210 |
| signalling pathways: jack of all cascades. | the transcription factors that bind the c-fos promoter element sre are targeted by multiple, independent signalling cascades; the identities of these signalling pathways and their modes of activation are being elucidated. | 1996 | 8805215 |
| molecular cloning of two novel transmembrane ligands for eph-related kinases (lerks) that are related to lerk-2. | a search of the nucleic acid database of expressed sequence tags (ests) revealed several partial cdna sequences that could encode proteins homologous to the ligands for eph-related kinases (lerks). oligonucleotides designed from the ests were used to probe a human brain cdna library and obtain overlapping clones that encoded two different novel lerks (nlerk-1 and nlerk-2). nlerk-1 and nlerk-2 are most closely related to human lerk-2/elk-ligand and they form a subclass of lerks that contain a tra ... | 1996 | 8804996 |
| pax-5 (bsap) recruits ets proto-oncogene family proteins to form functional ternary complexes on a b-cell-specific promoter. | the paired box transcription factor pax-5 (b-cell-specific activator protein) is a key regulator of lineage-specific gene expression and differentiation in b-lymphocytes. we show that pax-5 functions as a cell type-specific docking protein that facilitates binding of the early b-cell-specific mb-1 promoter by proteins of the ets proto-oncogene family. transcriptional activity of the mb-1 promoter in pre-b-cells is critically dependent on binding sites for pax-5:ets complexes. ternary complex ass ... | 1996 | 8804314 |
| dual leucine zipper-bearing kinase (dlk) activates p46sapk and p38mapk but not erk2. | because the catalytic domain of dual leucine zipper-bearing kinase (dlk) bears sequence similarity to members of the mitogen-activated protein (map) kinase kinase kinase subfamily, this protein kinase was investigated for its ability to activate map kinase pathways. when transiently transfected and overexpressed in either cos 7 cells or nih3t3 cells, wild type dlk potently activated p46(sapk) (sapk/jnk) but had no detectable effect in activating p42/44(mapk). dlk also activated p38(mapk) when ov ... | 1996 | 8798750 |
| ghf-1/pit-1 functions as a cell-specific integrator of ras signaling by targeting the ras pathway to a composite ets-1/ghf-1 response element. | activation of the rat prolactin (rprl) promoter by ras is a prototypical example of tissue-specific transcriptional regulation in a highly differentiated cell type. using a series of site-specific mutations and deletions of the proximal rprl promoter we have mapped the major ras/raf response element (rre) to a composite ets-1/ghf-1 binding site located between positions -217 and -190. mutation of either the ets-1 or ghf-1 binding sites inhibits ras and raf activation of the rprl promoter, and in ... | 1996 | 8798730 |
| glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor signals through the ret receptor and activates mitogen-activated protein kinase. | glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (gdnf), a member of the transforming growth factor-beta family of growth factors, was first identified by its ability to promote the survival of midbrain dopaminergic neurons in culture. we demonstrate that gdnf treatment of several neuroblastoma cell lines leads to dose-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of the ret receptor and that other transforming growth factor-beta family members are not able to activate the ret receptor. gdnf treatment of neurob ... | 1996 | 8798576 |
| ligand activation of elk receptor tyrosine kinase promotes its association with grb10 and grb2 in vascular endothelial cells. | elk is a member of the eph-related tyrosine kinase family that includes receptors signaling axonal guidance, neuronal bundling, and angiogenesis. we recently identified elk expression in human renal microvascular endothelial cells and sought to identify intracellular proteins through which it signals responses. the cytoplasmic domain of elk was used as "bait" in a yeast two-hybrid screen to identify interactive proteins expressed from a randomly primed embryonic murine library (e9.5-10.5). among ... | 1996 | 8798570 |
| ability to culture dermal papilla cells from red deer (cervus elaphus) hair follicles with differing hormonal responses in vivo offers a new model for studying the control of hair follicle biology. | red deer stags annually grow two distinct seasonal coats, a winter coat and a summer coat; in addition, they produce a mane during the breeding season when plasma testosterone levels are high, which is replaced by the short neck hairs of the summer coat when testosterone levels are low. as two very different hair types are produced from the same follicle under hormonal regulation, they offer an interesting model for studying the effects of hormones, particularly androgens, on mammalian hair grow ... | 1996 | 8795289 |
| the transcription factor tcf/elk-1: a nuclear sensor of changes in the cellular redox status. | 1996 | 8794197 | |
| role of estrogen and prostaglandin f2 alpha in premature luteal regression in monovulatory and superovulated red deer (cervus elaphus). | the superovulation of red deer hinds with ecg is commonly associated with premature luteal regression. this study was an investigation of the endocrine mechanisms regulating luteal function after superovulation. four groups of hinds (n = 7-8 per group) were treated with progesterone-impregnated intravaginal controlled internal drug-releasing (cidr) devices for 12 days to synchronize estrus (cidr device withdrawal = day 0). group 1 served as controls; group 2 received an i.m. injection of 0.25 mg ... | 1996 | 8788185 |
| a comparison of gross pathology, histopathology, and mycobacterial culture for the diagnosis of tuberculosis in elk (cervus elaphus). | using the isolation of mycobacterium bovis as the reference standard, this study evaluated the sensitivity, specificity and kappa statistic of gross pathology (abattoir postmortem inspection), histopathology, and parallel or series combinations of the two for the diagnosis of tuberculosis in 430 elk and red deer. two histopathology interpretations were evaluated: histopathology i, where the presence of lesions compatible with tuberculosis was considered positive, and histopathology ii, where les ... | 1996 | 8785715 |
| swayback in a blesbok (damaliscus dorcas phillipsi) and a black wildebeest (connochaetes gnou). | ataxia associated with myelopathy and low liver copper concentrations is described in a blesbok (damaliscus dorcas phillipsi) and black wildebeest (connochaetes gnou) from the karoo nature reserve, graaff-reinet. this syndrome, which occurs in neonatal and delayed forms, has been described in sheep, goats, pigs and domesticated red deer, but reports in other ungulates, including antelope, are very rare and generally unconfirmed by histopathological examination. the 2 animals examined exhibited a ... | 1996 | 8765071 |
| analysis of srf, sap-1 and elk-1 transcripts and proteins in human cell lines. | we have analysed the expression of the genes encoding transcription factors involved in c-fos transcriptional regulation, i.e. the serum response factor (srf) and the ets-related proteins elk-1 and sap-1, in a variety of human cell lines. rna was determined by northern blot analysis, and proteins were detected on western blots: the two analyses gave essentially identical results. srf was expressed at similar levels in all cell lines tested. in contrast, sap-1 and elk-1 expression varied from one ... | 1996 | 8764983 |
| transfer of bovine microsatellites to the cervine (cervus elaphus). | bovine microsatellites were used to amplify dna of red deer (cervus elaphus). fourteen of 27 bovine systems (52%) displayed polymorphism, while no (ca)n-repeat was detected in seven systems and six systems gave no amplificates in red deer. the allele number ranged from 2 to 7, the polymorphism information content between 0.24 and 0.76. the results demonstrate that transfer of microsatellite systems between families of the same order (artiodactyla) is possible. molecular genetic research will hel ... | 1996 | 8759122 |
| calcium influx via the nmda receptor induces immediate early gene transcription by a map kinase/erk-dependent mechanism. | the regulation of gene expression by neurotransmitters is likely to play a key role in neuroplasticity both during development and in the adult animal. therefore, it is important to determine the mechanisms of neuronal gene regulation to understand fully the mechanisms of learning, memory, and other long-term adaptive changes in neurons. the neurotransmitter glutamate stimulates rapid and transient induction of many genes, including the c-fos proto-oncogene. the c-fos promoter contains several c ... | 1996 | 8757255 |
| integration of growth factor signals at the c-fos serum response element. | a transcription factor ternary complex composed of serum response factor (srf) and a second factor, ternary complex factor (tcf), mediates the response of the c-fos serum response element to growth factors and mitogens. in nih3t3 fibroblasts, tcf binding is required for transcriptional activation by the sre in response to activation of the ras-raf-erk pathway. we compared the properties of three members of the tcf family, elk-1, sap-1 and sap-2 (erp/net). although all the proteins contain sequen ... | 1996 | 8735278 |
| protection of balb/c mice against homologous and heterologous species of brucella by rough strain vaccines derived from brucella melitensis and brucella suis biovar 4. | to evaluate stable rough mutants derived from brucella melitensis 16m and b suis 2579 (biovar 4) as vaccines against homologous and heterologous brucella spp in the balb/c mouse model. design, animals, and procedure: rough mutants vtrm1 and vtrs1 were obtained from b melitensis 16m and b suis 2579, respectively, by allelic exchange of rfbu gene encoding mannosyltransferase with a tn5-disrupted rfbu gene. mice were vaccinated with vtrm1 or vtrs1 and challenge exposed 8 weeks later. | 1996 | 8723881 |
| [the craniometric characteristics of the elk (alces alces l.) of eurasia]. | comparative craniometric investigation was done on the elk in eurasia. four morphological forms are distinguished, thus favoring the subdivision of alces alces l. into four subspecies: a. a. alces, a. a. cameloides, a. a. pfizenmayeri, and a. a. buturlini. | 1996 | 8723622 |
| efficacy and safety of naltrexone hydrochloride for antagonizing carfentanil citrate immobilization in captive rocky mountain elk (cervus elaphus nelsoni). | we evaluated efficacy and safety of naltrexone for antagonizing carfentanil immobilization in 12 captive rocky mountain elk (cervus elaphus nelsoni) using a randomized incomplete block experiment. in three replicate trials, elk were hand-injected with 10 micrograms carfentanil citrate/kg body weight intramuscularly. fifteen min after each elk became recumbent, we administered naltrexone hcl (25% of dose intravenously, 75% subcutaneously) dosed at 0 (control), 25, 50, or 100 mg/mg carfentanil; af ... | 1996 | 8722260 |
| fluoride exposure in cervids inhabiting areas adjacent to aluminum smelters in norway. ii. fluorosis. | mandibles from 1104 red deer (cervus elaphus), 147 moose (alces alces), and 453 roe deer (capreolus capreolus), collected between 1990 and 1993 in the vicinity of seven norwegian aluminum smelters, were examined for dental fluorotic and osteofluorotic lesions. the metacarpal or metatarsal bones from 214 of these cervids also were evaluated. dental fluorotic lesions occurred in all three cervid species. prevalence of dental fluorosis was generally low at the various locations, with the exception ... | 1996 | 8722254 |
| fluoride exposure in cervids inhabiting areas adjacent to aluminum smelters in norway. i. residue levels. | mandibular fluorine concentrations were determined in 1,425 red deer (cervus elaphus), 240 moose (alces alces), and 424 roe deer (capreolus capreolus) collected in norway from 1990 to 1993 in seven municipalities in which aluminum smelters are located, in eight neighboring municipalities, and in eight reference areas representing background levels. background fluorine concentration was significantly correlated with age in all three species. roe deer had the highest mean background fluorine level ... | 1996 | 8722253 |
| simulating secondary succession of elk forage values in a managed forest landscape, western washington | modern timber management practices often influence forage production for elk (cervus elaphus) on broad temporal and spatial scales in forested landscapes. we incorporated site-specific information on postharvesting forest succession and forage characteristics in a simulation model to evaluate past and future influences of forest management practices on forage values for elk in a commercially managed douglas fir (pseudotsuga menziesii, psme)-western hemlock (tsuga heterophylla, tshe) forest in we ... | 1996 | 8703108 |
| [human spongiform encephalopathies. diseases caused by prions]. | spongiform encephalopathies or prion diseases are common denominators for a group of diseases, all fatal, which show characteristic neuropathological changes. in man the group includes four diseases: kuru, creutzfeldt-jakob's disease (cjd), gerstmann-sträussler-scheinker's disease (gss) and fatal familial insomnia (ffi). in animals it comprises the following six: scrapie (sheep and goats), transmissible mink encephalopathy (mink), chronic wasting disease (mule/elk), exotic ungulate encephalopath ... | 1996 | 8701521 |
| regulation of reproductive seasonality in the red deer hind: oestradiol-dependent and -independent influences on the patterns of lh concentrations. | the control of reproductive seasonality was studied in farmed adult red deer hinds that had been either ovariectomized or ovariectomized and oestradiol-treated (s.c. implants). the breeding season, delineated by progesterone secretion in intact hind herdmates, was characterized by high (mean 0.6, range 0.1-2.5 ng ml-1 plasma) lh concentrations in ovariectomized oestradiol-treated hinds. in contrast, during the non-breeding season plasma lh concentrations in these animals were significantly lower ... | 1996 | 8699404 |
| the maintenance of genetic polymorphism in small island populations: large mammals in the hebrides. | conventionally, small populations living on islands are expected to lose genetic variation by drift. fluctuations in population size, combined with polygynous mating systems, are expected to contribute to the process by increasing sampling effects on genetic variation. however, in individually monitored populations of red deer on rum and soay sheep on st. kilda, which experience fluctuations in population size, two processes have been identified which mitigate loss of genetic variation. first, i ... | 1996 | 8693018 |