Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| raf and fibroblast growth factor phosphorylate elk1 and activate the serum response element of the immediate early gene pip92 by mitogen-activated protein kinase-independent as well as -dependent signaling pathways. | previous studies have shown that a mitogen activated protein (map) kinase (mek)-independent signaling pathway is required by activated raf or fibroblast-derived growth factor (fgf) for the differentiation of rat hippocampal neuronal h19-7 cells. we now demonstrate that both raf and fgf similarly induce prolonged transcription and translation of the immediate early gene pip92 in the absence of activation of the map kinases (mapks) erk1 and erk2. to determine the mechanism by which this occurs and ... | 1998 | 9528798 |
| the cyclic adenosine monophosphate-dependent protein kinase (pka) is required for the sustained activation of mitogen-activated kinases and gene expression by nerve growth factor. | induction of neuronal differentiation of the rat pheochromocytoma cell line, pc12 cells, by nerve growth factor (ngf) requires activation of the mitogen-activated protein (map) kinase or extracellular signal-regulated kinase (erk). camp-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase a (pka)) also can induce differentiation of these cells. like ngf, the ability of pka to differentiate pc12 cells is associated with a sustained activation of erks. here we show that maximal sustained activation of erk1 by ... | 1998 | 9525930 |
| aging-related deficiency of cd28 expression in cd4+ t cells is associated with the loss of gene-specific nuclear factor binding activity. | changes in t cell populations and concomitant perturbation of t cell effector functions have been postulated to account for many aging-related immune dysfunctions. here, we report that high frequencies of cd28(null) cd4+ t cells were found in elderly individuals. because deviations in the function of these unusual cd4+ t cells might be directly related to cd28 deficiency, we examined the molecular basis for the loss of cd28 expression in cd4+ t cells. in reporter gene bioassays, the minimal prom ... | 1998 | 9525915 |
| rapid activation of jnk1 in uv-b irradiated epidermal keratinocytes. | jun n-terminal kinase (jnk1) is a member of a family of stress-activated protein kinases which are activated by many forms of stress including uv radiation, resulting in the phosphorylation of c-jun, atf-2, elk-1 and p53. as uv-b radiation is mainly responsible for ultraviolet (uv)-induced skin cancers, we chose to elucidate jnk1 activation in keratinocytes which represent a uv-relevant cell system. we have demonstrated rapid activation of jnk1 in a keratinocyte cell line, c50, in response to mu ... | 1998 | 9525748 |
| population dynamics of norwegian red deer: density-dependence and climatic variation. | we present a model on plant-deer climate interactions developed for improving our understanding of the temporal dynamics of deer abundance and, in particular, how intrinsic (density-dependent) and extrinsic (plants, climate) factors influence these dynamics. the model was tested statistically by analysing the dynamics of five norwegian red deer populations between 1964 and 1993. direct and delayed density-dependence significantly influenced the development of the populations: delayed density-dep ... | 1998 | 9523435 |
| tumor necrosis factor-alpha induces interleukin-6 production and integrin ligand expression by distinct transduction pathways. | tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha) is a pleiotropic cytokine that elicits a large number of biological effects. however, the intracellular signaling mechanisms that are responsible for the tnf-alpha effects remain largely unknown. we have previously demonstrated that cultured mouse sertoli cells, after tnf-alpha treatment, increase the surface expression of adhesion molecules such as intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (icam-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (vcam-1) and interleukin-6 ... | 1998 | 9516459 |
| transforming growth factor-beta1 and protein kinase c synergistically activate the c-fos serum response element in myocardial cells. | we previously reported that transforming growth factor-beta1 (tgf-beta1) potentiated alpha1-adrenergic and stretch-induced c-fos mrna expression and norepinephrine (ne)-induced amino acid incorporation in rat cultured myocardial cells (mcs). in the present study, we attempted to explore the mode of tgf-beta1 action for c-fos gene expression in mcs. in the transient transfection assay, tgf-beta1 potentiated ne- or 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (tpa)-activated c-fos promoter/enhancer, but n ... | 1998 | 9515031 |
| synergistic increase in c-fos expression by simultaneous activation of the ras/raf/map kinase- and protein kinase a signaling pathways is mediated by the c-fos ap-1 and sre sites. | expression of the c-fos proto-oncogene is induced by numerous stimuli some of which are transmitted through the ras/raf/map kinase or the camp-dependent protein kinase (pka) pathways. the effect of cell-specific interactions between these pathways on c-fos expression was investigated by exposing quiescent nih3t3 cells to serum, forskolin, or a combination. co-stimulation with serum and forskolin resulted in a more than additive increase in c-fos transcription. synergistic increase in c-fos promo ... | 1998 | 9512670 |
| three-dimensional matrix primes mesangial cells to down-regulation of alpha-smooth muscle actin via deactivation of carg box elements. | prolonged culture of mesangial cells forms multifocal nodular structures, termed "hillocks," composed of cells and extracellular matrix (ecm), which may mimic the situation in the glomerular mesangium. mesangial cells incorporated in hillocks show repressed expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin, a marker of mesangial cell activation/dedifferentiation. the aim of this study is to elucidate molecular mechanisms involved in this phenomenon, focusing on the activity of carg box elements located in ... | 1998 | 9507215 |
| differential targeting of map kinases to the ets-domain transcription factor elk-1. | the activation of map kinase (mapk) signal transduction pathways results in the phosphorylation of transcription factors by the terminal kinases in these cascades. different pathways are activated by mitogenic and stress stimuli, which lead to the activation of distinct groups of target proteins. the ets-domain transcription factor elk-1 is a substrate for three distinct classes of mapks. elk-1 contains a targeting domain, the d-domain, which is distinct from the phosphoacceptor motifs and is re ... | 1998 | 9501095 |
| the kinase suppressor of ras (ksr) modulates growth factor and ras signaling by uncoupling elk-1 phosphorylation from map kinase activation. | the ras gtpase plays an essential role in many cellular signal transduction events. activation of the mitogen activated protein (map) kinase is a primary consequence of ras activation and plays a key role in mediating ras signal transduction. a novel kinase, ksr, has recently been functionally isolated as a positive regulator of ras signaling in caenorhabditis elegans vulval induction and drosophila photoreceptor differentiation. we have examined the effect of ksr on growth factor and ras-induce ... | 1998 | 9501093 |
| [history of the laryngology department in the military hospital in ełk]. | 1995 | 9499857 | |
| eph receptors discriminate specific ligand oligomers to determine alternative signaling complexes, attachment, and assembly responses. | eph family receptor tyrosine kinases (including epha3, ephb4) direct pathfinding of neurons within migratory fields of cells expressing gradients of their membrane-bound ligands. others (ephb1 and epha2) direct vascular network assembly, affecting endothelial migration, capillary morphogenesis, and angiogenesis. to explore how ephrins could provide positional labels for cell targeting, we tested whether endogenous endothelial and p19 cell ephb1 (elk) and ephb2 (nuk) receptors discriminate betwee ... | 1998 | 9499402 |
| [the occurrence of lumbar paralysis in goats and the appearance of elaphostrongylus cervi in red deer in the canton ticino]. | the aim of the study was to examine the incidence of lumbar paralysis in goats and the possible role of elaphostrongylus cervi as an agent. for this reason questionnaires concerning the clinical pictures and the incidence of lumbar paralysis were sent to 200 owners of goats and to 9 veterinarians. the study showed that the symptoms of lumbar paralysis had been observed for many years mainly during the winter. most of the animals suffering from lumbar paralysis originated from the valley of leven ... | 1998 | 9492579 |
| welfare of hunted red deer. | 1998 | 9491532 | |
| shear stress activates p60src-ras-mapk signaling pathways in vascular endothelial cells. | the aim of this study was to elucidate the upstream signaling mechanism that mediates the fluid shear stress activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (mapks), including c-jun nh2-terminal kinase (jnk) and extracellular signal-regulated kinases (erks), in vascular endothelial cells (ecs). our results indicate that p60src is rapidly activated by fluid shear stress in bovine aortic endothelial cells (baecs). shear stress induction of the hemagglutinin (ha) epitope-tagged ha-jnk1 and the myc ... | 1998 | 9484987 |
| signal transduction pathways activated by ret oncoproteins in pc12 pheochromocytoma cells. | gene alterations in the ret proto-oncogene, which encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase, have been found to associate with several human diseases. in this study, we showed that induction of the vgf promoter activity is a good molecular indicator for ret activation in pc12 cells, a rat pheochromocytoma cell line. we demonstrated that all forms of ret oncoprotein, including ret chimeric oncoproteins found in human papillary thyroid carcinomas (ret/ptc) as well as ret oncoproteins found in patients wi ... | 1998 | 9478934 |
| epizootiology of sarcoptic mange in a population of cantabrian chamois (rupicapra pyrenaica parva) in northwestern spain. | in may of 1993, an epizootic of sarcoptic mange (sarcoptes scabiei) was detected in the chamois (rupicapra pyrenaica parva) population of the cantabrian mountains in northwestern spain. the epizootic initially spread across an area inhabited by some 1600 chamois. mortality was lower than reported for other populations of ungulates. the maximum number of animals were affected from february to may. four red deer (cervus elaphus) and a roe deer (capreolus capreolus), were diagnosed with sarcoptic m ... | 1997 | 9477502 |
| one-sample pregnancy diagnosis in elk using fecal steroid metabolites. | recent research has demonstrated the potential of pregnancy diagnosis in elk (cervus elaphus nelsoni) using immunoassays of fecal steroid concentration. however, multiple samples are required to insure accurate results, limiting its utility for free-ranging animals. we attempted to develop an accurate one-sample pregnancy diagnosis using 153 fecal samples that were collected from free-ranging, radio-collared, adult female elk in yellowstone national park (wyoming, usa) and from captive elk maint ... | 1998 | 9476233 |
| premature luteal regression induced by equine chorionic gonadotropin and estrogen is suppressed by administration of exogenous interferon in red deer (cervus elaphus). | superovulation of red deer hinds with ecg causes premature luteal regression by inducing follicular hypersecretion of estrogen that activates the luteolytic mechanism. six groups of hinds (n = 8 per group) were treated with progesterone-impregnated intravaginal controlled internal drug-releasing (cidr) devices for 14 days to synchronize estrus (cidr device withdrawal = day 0). group 1 served as controls; group 2 received an i.m. injection of 1200 iu ecg at -72 h; group 3 received similar ecg tre ... | 1998 | 9472932 |
| effect of pregnancy and exogenous interferon on synchronous pulsatile release of oxytocin and luteolytic prostaglandin f2 alpha in red deer (cervus elaphus). | three experiments were carried out to investigate the secretion of luteolytic hormones in red deer hinds during the oestrous cycle, early pregnancy and after administration of interferon, the putative pregnancy recognition signal. three groups of hinds (n = 8-9 per group) were treated with progesterone-impregnated intravaginal controlled internal drug releasing (cidr) devices for 13 days (device withdrawal = day 0). group 1 (n = 9) served as controls; group 2 (n = 8) received injections of 4 mg ... | 1997 | 9462299 |
| cloning and characterisation of the gene encoding red deer (cervus elaphus) growth hormone: implications for the molecular evolution of growth hormone in artiodactyls. | in mammals the structure of pituitary gh is generally strongly conserved, indicating a slow basal rate of molecular evolution. however, on two occasions, during the evolution of primates and of artiodactyls, the rate of evolution has increased dramatically (25- to 50-fold) so that the sequences of human and ruminant ghs differ markedly from those of other mammalian ghs. in order to define further the burst of gh evolution that occurred in artiodactyls we have cloned and characterised the gh gene ... | 1997 | 9460647 |
| urea activates ribosomal s6 kinase (rsk) in a mek-dependent fashion in renal mimcd3 cells. | urea activates a characteristic subset of signaling pathways in a tissue-specific fashion, including transcription of immediate early genes through activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk), erk (extracellular signal-regulated kinase), and activation of its transcription factor substrate, elk-1. the ability of urea to activate the erk effector and pivotal regulatory kinase, ribosomal s6 kinase (rsk), was investigated in mimcd3 renal inner medullary collecting duct cells. urea upr ... | 1998 | 9458825 |
| [enzootic spinal ataxia in fallow and wild red deer in upper bavaria]. | since 1993 several cases of spinal ataxia occurred in adult red and/or fallow deer in four farms in southern bavaria. the disease based on a secondary copper deficiency due to a high level of molybden and a low level of copper content in the feed. some of the animals suffer from a severe disturbance of motion. in most cases the animals are shot at the beginning of illness. histologically the most important lesions are in the spinal cord consisting mainly in a bilateral symmetric degeneration of ... | 1997 | 9451765 |
| the elk-1 ets-domain transcription factor contains a mitogen-activated protein kinase targeting motif. | the phosphorylation of transcription factors by mitogen-activated protein kinases (map) is a pivotal event in the cellular response to the activation of map kinase signal transduction pathways. mitogenic and stress stimuli activate different pathways and lead to the activation of distinct groups of target proteins. elk-1 is targeted by three distinct map kinase pathways. in this study, we demonstrate that the map kinase erk2 is targeted to elk-1 by a domain which is distinct from, and located n- ... | 1998 | 9447967 |
| physiological effects of hunting red deer (cervus elaphus). | when red deer (cervus elaphus) were hunted by humans with hounds the average distance travelled was at least 19 km. this study of 64 hunted red deer provides the first empirical evidence on their state at the time of death. blood and muscle samples obtained from hunted deer after death were compared with samples from 50 non-hunted red deer that had been cleanly shot with rifles. the effects on deer of long hunts were (i) depletion of carbohydrate resources for powering muscles, (ii) disruption o ... | 1997 | 9447728 |
| functional role of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases in gastric acid secretion. | epidermal growth factor (egf) has acute inhibitory and chronic stimulatory effects on gastric acid secretion. because a cascade of intracellular events culminating in the activation of a family of serine-threonine protein kinases called extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases (erks) is known to mediate the actions of egf, we undertook studies to explore the functional role of the erks in gastric acid secretion. erk2 was immunoprecipitated from cell lysates of highly purified (> 95%) gastr ... | 1997 | 9435551 |
| nck recruitment to eph receptor, ephb1/elk, couples ligand activation to c-jun kinase. | eph family receptor tyrosine kinases signal axonal guidance, neuronal bundling, and angiogenesis; yet the signaling systems that couple these receptors to targeting and cell-cell assembly responses are incompletely defined. functional links to regulators of cytoskeletal structure are anticipated based on receptor mediated cell-cell aggregation and migratory responses. we used two-hybrid interaction cloning to identify ephb1-interactive proteins. six independent cdnas encoding the sh2 domain of t ... | 1998 | 9430661 |
| lactate dehydrogenase quantification and isoenzyme distribution in physiological response to stress in red deer (cervus elaphus). | as a contribution to the description of the physiological response to stress in red deer (cervus elaphus), the potential use of the intracellular glycolytic enzyme, lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) and its isoenzyme ldh-5, as a marker of muscle damage was assessed. the distribution of ldh isoenzymes within red deer tissues was similar to that shown in other ruminants: tissue characterisation showed isoenzyme ldh-5 to be particularly associated with skeletal muscle. high plasma concentrations of creat ... | 1997 | 9429243 |
| [a focus of dermacentor reticulatus kept by red and fallow deer in animal husbandry (kosewo, poland)]. | focus of dermacentor reticulatus has been found on the area of fenced cervides farm. very frequent occurrence of d. reticulatus on plants of red and fallow deer pens indicates that these animals in farm conditions are good hosts of adult forms of this tick. on pens of red deer the number of ticks caught on plants was considerable greater than on pens of fallow deer. however, proportion of males in spring and autumn populations of ticks caught on fallow deer pens was considerable greater than on ... | 1997 | 9424941 |
| molecular genetic analyses of parapoxviruses pathogenic for humans. | the current members of the genus parapoxvirus are orf virus (orfv), bovine papular stomatitis virus (bpsv), pseudocowpoxvirus (pcpv) and parapoxvirus of red deer in new zealand (pvnz). bpsv and pcpv are maintained in cattle while orfv is maintained in sheep and goats, but all three are zoonoses. only the recently reported pvnz has yet to be recorded as infecting humans. tentative members of the genus are camel contagious ecthyma virus, chamois contagious ecthyma virus and sealpoxvirus. the separ ... | 1997 | 9413523 |
| in vivo expression and regulation of elk-1, a target of the extracellular-regulated kinase signaling pathway, in the adult rat brain. | the transcription factor elk-1, a nuclear target of extracellular-regulated kinases (erks), plays a pivotal role in immediate early gene induction by external stimuli. notably, the degree of phosphorylation of elk-1 is tightly correlated with the level of activation of transcription of c-fos by proliferative signals. no data yet indicate the role of elk-1 in the adult brain in vivo. to address this question, we have analyzed in the present work (1) elk-1 mrna and protein expression in the adult ... | 1998 | 9412502 |
| inhibition of map kinase blocks insulin-mediated dna synthesis and transcriptional activation of c-fos by elk-1 in vascular smooth muscle cells. | insulin-stimulated dna synthesis, map kinase (mapk) activity and c-fos expression in vascular smooth muscle cells (vsmcs) was blocked by the mapk inhibitor pd 98059. regulation of c-fos expression by the transcription factor elk-1 at the serum response element (sre) is dependent on its phosphorylation by mapk. pd 98059 also suppressed insulin-induced elk-1 transcriptional activity through the sre. these data show that mapk plays a critical role in both insulin-mediated growth and elk-1-dependent ... | 1997 | 9409734 |
| nuclear hormone receptor antagonism with ap-1 by inhibition of the jnk pathway. | the activity of c-jun, the major component of the transcription factor ap-1, is potentiated by amino-terminal phosphorylation on serines 63 and 73 (ser-63/73). this phosphorylation is mediated by the jun amino-terminal kinase (jnk) and required to recruit the transcriptional coactivator creb-binding protein (cbp). ap-1 function is antagonized by activated members of the steroid/thyroid hormone receptor superfamily. recently, a competition for cbp has been proposed as a mechanism for this antagon ... | 1997 | 9407028 |
| c-jun nh2-terminal kinases target the ubiquitination of their associated transcription factors. | regulatory proteins are often ubiquitinated, depending on their phosphorylation status as well as on their association with ancillary proteins that serve as adapters of the ubiquitination machinery. we previously demonstrated that c-jun is targeted for ubiquitination by its association with inactive c-jun nh2-terminal kinase (jnk). phosphorylation by activated jnk protects c-jun from ubiquitination, thus by prolonging its half-life. in the study reported here, we determined the ability of jnk to ... | 1997 | 9405416 |
| fascioloidiasis in game-ranched elk from montana. | the distribution of fascioloides magna in game-ranched elk and the potential for spread of the parasite through movement of infected animals was examined in montana (usa). fecal samples (n = 448) collected from captive elk on 29 game ranches were examined for eggs of f. magna by fecal sedimentation. eggs were detected in elk on 5 ranches. this suggests that f. magna has been translocated by infected game-ranched elk. the wide distribution of snail intermediate hosts for f. magna in montana indic ... | 1997 | 9391977 |
| vitreous humor analysis for selected biochemical parameters from cervids in idaho. | vitreous humor and liver samples were collected from hunter-harvested elk (cervus elaphus) and mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) in idaho (usa). concentrations of calcium, chloride, potassium, sodium, urea nitrogen and selenium were determined and evaluated according to species, age, gender, geographic location, and time elapsed following death. vitreous humor analysis yielded reliable biochemical information for < or = 96 hr subsequent to the death of the animal. vitreous potassium concentration ... | 1997 | 9391961 |
| phosphorylation of recombinant n-syndecan (syndecan 3) core protein. | the cytoplasmic domain of the syndecan family of heparan sulfate proteoglycans is punctuated by the presence of four regularly spaced tyrosine residues. in this report, we explore the possibility of whether the four tyrosine residues in the cytoplasmic domain of n-syndecan (syndecan 3) are potential substrates for phosphorylation by a tyrosine kinase. bacterially expressed elk kinase was used to phosphorylate a series of bacterially expressed n-syndecan fusion proteins. our results clearly demon ... | 1997 | 9388509 |
| rhob encoding a uv-inducible ras-related small gtp-binding protein is regulated by gtpases of the rho family and independent of jnk, erk, and p38 map kinase. | the small gtpase rhob is immediate-early inducible by dna damaging treatments and thus part of the early response of eukaryotic cells to genotoxic stress. to investigate the regulation of this cellular response, we isolated the gene for rhob from a mouse genomic library. sequence analysis of the rhob gene showed that its coding region does not contain introns. the promoter region of rhob harbors regulatory elements such as tata, caat, and sp1 boxes but not consensus sequences for ap-1, elk-1, or ... | 1997 | 9388198 |
| functional inactivation of signalling molecules via transdominant negative mutants. | 1997 | 9386981 | |
| sambar deer (cervus unicolor) x red deer (c. elaphus) interspecies hybrids. | the artificial insemination of 400 red deer hinds with sambar deer semen resulted in 31 pregnancies at day 40 (24 at day 100) and the birth of four calves. only one female calf was born alive. the artificial insemination of 10 sambar deer hinds with red deer semen resulted in five pregnancies at day 40, of which none went to term. gel electrophoresis of three blood proteins confirmed the live calf as the first documented sambar deer x red deer hydrid. g-banded karyotypes were consistent with the ... | 1997 | 9378911 |
| genetic analysis of père david's x red deer interspecies hybrids. | interspecies hybrids provide unique opportunities for fundamental genetic analyses and for genetic improvement of farmed deer. we have bred f1 hybrids by artificial insemination of red deer hinds (cervus elaphus) with semen from père david's deer (elaphurus davidianus). the male and female f1 père david deer x red deer hybrids were fertile and in matings with red deer have produced over 300 viable backcross hybrids. dna was collected from the backcross progeny as an international reference panel ... | 1997 | 9378910 |
| restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of mycobacterium bovis isolates from captive and free-ranging animals. | mycobacterium bovis isolates from cattle, captive elk, and free-ranging mule deer and coyotes were examined by restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analysis. dna extracted from each isolate was digested with restriction endonucleases alui and pvuii. dna probes used for southern hybridizations were a 37-base oligonucleotide and a 123-base-pair sequence specific for the insertion sequence is6110 and a plasmid, ptbn12, which contains a polymorphic gc-rich repetitive sequence present in s ... | 1997 | 9376427 |
| two naturally occurring insulin receptor tyrosine kinase domain mutants provide evidence that phosphoinositide 3-kinase activation alone is not sufficient for the mediation of insulin's metabolic and mitogenic effects. | we have recently reported (1) that two naturally occurring mutants of the insulin receptor tyrosine kinase domain, arg-1174 --> gln and pro-1178 --> leu (gln-1174 and leu1178, respectively), both found in patients with inherited severe insulin resistance, markedly impaired receptor tyrosine autophosphorylation, with both mutant receptors being unable to mediate the stimulation of glycogen synthesis or mitogenesis by insulin when expressed in chinese hamster ovary cells. however, these mutations ... | 1997 | 9374504 |
| biomechanical implications of mineral content and microstructural variations in cortical bone of horse, elk, and sheep calcanei. | artiodactyl and perissodactyl calcanei have been recently introduced as models for examining bone for mechanically mediated adaptation. we have reported substantial regional variations in cortical bone microstructure and mineral content within the same cross-section of mule deer calcanei. in part, these variations may be adaptations accommodating the customary presence of predominantly tension, compression, and shear strain modes in mutually exclusive cortical locations. calcanei from skeletally ... | 1997 | 9372164 |
| ultrasonographic monitoring of antral follicle development in red deer (cervus elaphus). | ovarian follicular dynamics were monitored in 12 surgically modified red deer hinds (ovaries adhered to vaginal wall) by transvaginal real-time ultrasonography during the luteal cycle, anoestrus and induction of superovulation. all 12 hinds showed evidence of regular luteal (plasma progesterone) cyclicity during the breeding season, although luteal tissue was not observed on the ultrasonograms. during the normal luteal cycle (14-22 days) total numbers of follicles > 3 mm did not vary significant ... | 1997 | 9370972 |
| documenting the educational content of morning report. | to document the educational content of a pediatric morning report and to determine if it represents a curriculum. | 1997 | 9369878 |
| the calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase calcineurin is the major elk-1 phosphatase. | the transcription factor elk-1 is a component of ternary complex factor and regulates gene expression in response to a wide variety of extracellular stimuli. phosphorylation of the c-terminal domain of elk-1, especially at serine 383, is important for its transactivation activity. recently mitogen-activated protein kinases, such as extracellular signal-regulated kinase, stress-activated protein kinase, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase have been demonstrated to be elk-1 kinases. however, ... | 1997 | 9367995 |
| density-related changes in sexual selection in red deer. | in sexually dimorphic mammals, high population density is commonly associated with increased mortality of males relative to females and with female-biased adult sex ratios. this paper investigates the consequences of these changes on the distribution of male breeding success, the intensity of competition for females and the opportunity for sexual selection. after the red deer (cervus elaphus l.) population of the north block of rum (inner hebrides) was released from culling, female numbers rose ... | 1997 | 9364790 |
| wegener's granulomatosis. | since its first description by wegener in 1936, wegener's granulomatosis has undergone significant changes in terms of clinical scope, diagnosis, and treatment. it is no longer tenable to insist on the fulfillment of the wegener's triad to make the diagnosis. the wide range of clinical presentations is encompassed by the elk (ear, nose, and throat; lung; kidney) classification in which any combination or singular involvement of the major sites can be considered within the wegener's spectrum if s ... | 1995 | 9363097 |
| mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) and elk (cervus elaphus) as experimental definitive hosts for fascioloides magna. | in august 1992, six mule deer (odocoileus hemionus hemionus) fawns and four elk (cervus elaphus) calves (n = 2) or yearlings (n = 2) each were inoculated orally with 50, 250, or 2,000 metacercariae of the liver fluke fascioloides magna to evaluate their potential to serve as definitive hosts. animals were maintained for up to 403 days. three mule deer each inoculated with 50 metacercariae survived the infection and shed eggs in feces; thus mule deer can function as definitive hosts for f. magna. ... | 1996 | 9359058 |
| sequencing analysis of prion genes from red deer and camel. | an abnormal isoform of the prion protein (prp) appears to be the agent responsible for transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (tse). the normal isoform of prp is host-encoded and expressed in the central nervous system. the recent bovine spongiform encephalopathy (bse) epidemic in the uk and the incidence of prion-related diseases in other animals could indicate that ruminants are highly susceptible to infection via ingestion of prion-contaminated food. sequence analysis of prp gene open read ... | 1997 | 9358067 |
| molecular mechanisms for the growth factor action of gastrin. | we have previously observed that gastrin has a cholecystokinin b (cck-b) receptor-mediated growth-promoting effect on the ar42j rat pancreatic acinar cell line and that this effect is paralleled by induction of expression of the early response gene c-fos. we undertook these experiments to elucidate the mechanism for induction of c-fos and the linkage of this action to the trophic effects of gastrin. gastrin (0.1-10 nm) dose dependently induced luciferase activity in ar42j cells transfected with ... | 1997 | 9357832 |
| cross-cascade activation of erks and ternary complex factors by rho family proteins. | mitogens promote cell growth through integrated signal transduction networks that alter cellular metabolism, gene expression and cytoskeletal organization. many such signals are propagated through activation of map kinase cascades partly regulated by upstream small gtp-binding proteins. interactions among cascades are suspected but not defined. here we show that rho family small g proteins such as rac1 and cdc42hs, which activate the jnk/sapk pathway, cooperate with raf-1 to activate the erk pat ... | 1997 | 9351825 |
| isolation and characterization of a coronavirus from elk calves with diarrhea. | this is the first report of the isolation of a coronavirus from elk calves. two fecal samples from elk calves with diarrhea were shown to be positive for coronavirus-like particles by electron microscopy, and the particles were propagated in the human rectal tumor-18 cell line. after 24 h, syncytia were observed, and cell culture supernatants from both samples showed hemagglutinating activity with mouse erythrocytes. cells infected with both elk coronavirus (ecv) isolates reacted with z3a5, a mo ... | 1997 | 9350763 |
| characterisation of the human cd30 ligand gene structure. | the gene for the human cd30 ligand was molecularly cloned, sequenced and characterised. the gene structure consisted of four exons and three intervening introns spaced over 17.1 kb of genomic dna. the 5' flanking region of the cd30l gene was sequenced and analysis of the region revealed the presence of several regulatory regions including a poly-dt element directly upstream from the transcription start site and consensus sequences for ap4, ik2, mzf1, e47 and elk/cets1. the absence of a canionica ... | 1997 | 9349718 |
| activation of the c-fos sre through sap-1a. | tcfs, which are members of the ets family of transcription factors, are recruited to the serum response element (sre) in the c-fos promoter by srf. these ets proteins, which are substrates for the map kinases, are direct targets of the ras/map kinase signal transduction pathway. in this paper, we demonstrate that one of the tcfs, sap-1a, displays a significant level of autonomous binding to the sre ets box. in contrast to previous observations, deletion of the srf binding domain did not modulate ... | 1997 | 9349499 |
| characterization of the erythrocyte superoxide dismutase allozymes in the deer cervus elaphus. | the cdna sequences for cu,zn superoxide dismutase from two cervus elaphus subspecies, north american wapiti and european red deer, were determined. the derived amino acid sequences showed two differences: residue 8 was leu in wapiti and met in red deer and residue 25 was his in wapiti and asn in red deer. the extra positive charge at position 25 in the wapiti isoform accounted for its greater mobility towards the cathode during non-denaturing electrophoresis, a procedure widely used in the genet ... | 1997 | 9345726 |
| expression of neurotrophin-3 in the growing velvet antler of the red deer cervus elaphus. | antlers are organs of bone which regenerate each year from the heads of male deer. in addition to bone, support tissues such as nerves also regenerate. nerves must grow at up to 1 cm/day. the control of this rapid growth of nerves is unknown. we examined the relative expression of neurotrophin-3 (nt-3) mrna in the different tissues of the growing antler tip and along the epidermal/dermal layer of the antler shaft of the red deer cervus elaphus, using semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polym ... | 1997 | 9343309 |
| a quantitative backscattered electron imaging study of hypomineralization and hypoplasia in fluorosed dental enamel of deer. | mineral content and distribution of fluorosed and unfluorosed (control) dental enamel of roe deer and red deer cheek teeth were analyzed using digital backscattered electron (bse) imaging of pmma-embedded specimens. compared to the controls, the fluorosed enamel exhibited various aberrations resulting from a fluoride-induced disturbance of the processes involved in enamel formation. thus, the presence of surface hypoplasias and an enhancement of the incremental pattern in the fluorosed enamel ar ... | 1997 | 9341947 |
| gastrin and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate regulate the human histidine decarboxylase promoter through raf-dependent activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase-related signaling pathways in gastric cancer cells. | gastrin stimulates transcription of the human histidine decarboxylase (hdc) gene through binding to the g-protein-coupled cholecystokinin-b/gastrin receptor. we have explored the possibility that mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades play a role in mediating the effects of gastrin on transcription in a gastric cancer (ags-b) cell line. gastrin and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (pma) treatment of ags-b cells was found to increase the phosphorylation of tyrosine residues of extracellular sig ... | 1997 | 9341140 |
| global climate change and phenotypic variation among red deer cohorts. | the variability of two fitness-related phenotypic traits (body weight and a mandibular skeletal ratio) was analysed among cohorts and age-classes of red deer in norway. phenotypic variation among cohorts was pronounced for calves, yearlings and reproductively mature adults. fluctuations in cohort-specific mean body weights and skeletal ratios of adults correlated with global climatic variation in winter conditions influenced by the north atlantic oscillation while cohorts were in utero. red deer ... | 1997 | 9332016 |
| growth hormone regulates ternary complex factors and serum response factor associated with the c-fos serum response element. | for insight into the mechanisms of gene regulation by growth hormone (gh), the regulation of transcription factors associated with the serum response element (sre) located upstream of c-fos was examined. the sre can mediate induction of reporter expression in response to gh. for insight into the mechanism by which gh regulates transcription factors, regulation of sre-associated proteins by gh was examined. in nuclear extracts from 3t3-f442a fibroblasts, several sre-binding complexes were identif ... | 1997 | 9325329 |
| net-b, a ras-insensitive factor that forms ternary complexes with serum response factor on the serum response element of the fos promoter. | the ras signalling pathway targets transcription factors such as the ternary complex factors that are recruited by the serum response factor to form complexes on the serum response element (sre) of the fos promoter. we have identified a new ternary complex factor, net-b. we report the features of the net gene and show that it produces several splice variants, net-b and net-c. net-b rna and protein are expressed in a variety of tissues and cell lines. net-c rna is expressed at low levels, and the ... | 1997 | 9315625 |
| ets oncogene family. | first member of ets gene family was discovered a decade ago by studying avian erythroblastosis virus, e26. this virus encodes a tripartite protein gag-myb-ets with a molecular weight of 135 kda. subsequently, a series of cellular ets genes were isolated (ets-1, ets-2, erg, elk-1, sap-1, pea-3, pu.1, fli-1, pok/yan, etv-1 etc.). these genes share sequence homology to e26 ets gene (v-ets or viral ets). ets genes are highly conserved in phylogenetically divergent species from drosophila to man. mam ... | 1997 | 9315229 |
| expression and localization of prolactin receptor messenger ribonucleic acid in red deer ovary during the estrous cycle and pregnancy. | in this study, expression of the prolactin receptor (prl-r) gene in the ovaries of cycling and pregnant red deer (cervus elaphus) hinds was investigated. a 1.9-kilobase (kb) cdna encoding the cervine long-form prl-r was amplified by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction from corpus luteum (cl) and liver poly(a)+ rna. northern hybridization revealed a major mrna transcript of 3.5 kb in both tissues. prl-r mrna transcripts were localized by in situ hybridization in 15-micron frozen secti ... | 1997 | 9314591 |
| [the finding of eimeria alces (eucoccidiida) in the elk alces alces of bryansk province]. | the microsporidia eimeria alces, arnastauskiene, 1971 has been recorded from fecal probes of elks (alces alces) in bryansk province. the oocyst measure 40.6 + 2.0 x x 28.6 + 1.0 mkm. | 1997 | 9304107 |
| effects of season, protein and nutritional state on glucose tolerance during an annual cycle of growth in young red deer stags. | two hypotheses were tested in gonad-intact, young (aged 6-18 months), growing red deer stags during an annual growth cycle. first, that glucose clearance rate is faster during summer than during winter. secondly, that increased dietary protein availability will enhance winter growth. stags were randomly assigned into one of two groups: group 1 (n = 5) had 16% while group 2 (n = 6) had 48% of dietary protein naturally protected against fermentative degradation in the rumen. total crude protein an ... | 1997 | 9291838 |
| nuclear signalling by rac gtpase: essential role of phospholipase a2. | rac, one member of rho family gtpases, stimulates c-fos serum response element (sre)-luciferase reporter gene in rat-2 fibroblast cells. by transient transfection analysis, we demonstrated that the activation of phospholipase a2 (pla2) and the subsequent production of arachidonic acid (aa) are essential for rac-induced c-fos sre activation, implying a critical role for pla2 in the rac-signalling pathway to the nucleus. either pretreatment with mepacrine, a specific inhibitor of pla2, or co-trans ... | 1997 | 9291101 |
| hypoxia induces c-fos transcription via a mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent pathway. | hypoxia is a pathophysiological condition that occurs during injury, ischemia, and stroke. it is characterized by a decrease of reactive oxygen intermediates and a change of the intracellular redox level. in tumors hypoxia is regarded as a trigger for enhanced growth and metastasis. here we report that in hela cells, hypoxic conditions induce the transcriptional activation of c-fos transcription via the serum response element. mutations in the binding site for the ternary complex factor elk-1 an ... | 1997 | 9287359 |
| formate and ethanol are the major products of glycerol fermentation produced by a klebsiella planticola strain isolated from red deer. | the rumen contents of red deer (cervus elaphus) were used to isolate bacterial capable of fermenting glycerol. the biochemistry, physiology, morphology and phylogeny of one isolate were studied in detail. the isolate (dr3) was tentatively identified as a strain of the species klebsiella planticola as based on phenotypic characterization. the data obtained from 16s rrna sequence analysis showed that the deer rumen isolate dr3 was 99.7% similar to the type strain of kl. planticola (dsm 3069t), thu ... | 1997 | 9281820 |
| some haematological and immunological parameters of farmed deer in hungary. | a haematological survey of farmed fallow deer (dama dama) and red deer (cervus elaphus) was carried out. in the winter period the red blood cell (rbc) count was 9.0 x 10(12)/l in adult fallow-does, and 6.1 x 10(12)/l in fawns. the haemoglobin (hb) level and mean corpuscular volume (mcv) were also significantly (p < 0.05) lower in fawns than in adult fallow deer. in blood samples taken from red deer in different physiological and nutritional periods, the stags showed the lowest mean rbc count in ... | 1997 | 9270131 |
| why do animals repeat displays? | both agonistic and sexual animal displays often involve more than one performance of some specific display action. since repetition is energetically costly there must be good reasons why a signaller should carry out such repetitive actions, rather than simply displaying once. we briefly review three different 'reasons' which arise from three different receiver assessment rules: when assessment is based on the average magnitude of all display actions so far, the reason for the repetition is to im ... | 1997 | 9268441 |
| insulin-like growth factor-i-mediated neurite outgrowth in vitro requires mitogen-activated protein kinase activation. | insulin-like growth factor-i (igf-i) induces neuronal differentiation in vitro. in the present study, we examined the signaling pathway underlying igf-i-mediated neurite outgrowth. in sh-sy5y human neuroblastoma cells, treatment with igf-i induced concentration- and time-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of the type i igf receptor (igf-ir) and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases (erk) 1 and 2. these effects of igf-i were blocked by a neutralizing antibody against igf-ir. whereas igf- ... | 1997 | 9261137 |
| high sequence homology of the prp gene in mule deer and rocky mountain elk. | 1997 | 9250209 | |
| abnormal antler growth associated with testicular hypogonadism in red deer. | a wild 5-yr-old red deer (cervus elaphus) was eulled from a privately owned herd because of deformed antlers, retained velvet and bilateral symmetrical testicular hypogonadism. the clinical and pathological changes seen in this deer were most consistent with congenital hypoplasia, but testicular atrophy was an alternative possibility for the etiology of their condition. | 1997 | 9249723 |
| radiometric culture of mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis from the feces of tule elk. | to determine if mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis has persisted in tule elk (cervus elaphus nannodes) at point reyes national seashore (california, usa), 100 fresh fecal samples were collected. feces were cultured on a modified bactec 12b radiometric medium for detection of m. avium paratuberculosis. four samples, coming from two separate groups of elk tested positive for m. avium paratuberculosis. thus, a noninvasive technique was used to document the continued presence of m. avium paratuber ... | 1997 | 9249713 |
| detection of mycobacterium bovis in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues of cattle and elk by pcr amplification of an is6110 sequence specific for mycobacterium tuberculosis complex organisms. | a presumptive diagnosis of tuberculosis can be made if a tissue has characteristic histopathologic changes and acid-fast organisms. however, definitive diagnosis requires culture and species identification of the causative mycobacterium, a process that takes several weeks to complete. the purpose of work reported here was to determine if formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues could be tested by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) to provide a more rapid diagnosis of tuberculosis. nondecalcified t ... | 1997 | 9249162 |
| lerk-7: a ligand of the eph-related kinases is developmentally regulated in the brain. | the eph family is the largest subfamily of receptor tyrosine kinases (rtks). members of this subfamily display specific expression in the developing and adult brain. recently, cdnas encoding membrane bound ligands for these receptors have been identified which we have termed lerks (ligand for eph-related kinases). we report here the isolation of lerk-7 from a human fetal brain cdna library. lerk-7 encodes a protein of 228 amino acids and is anchored to the membrane by glycosyl-phosphatidylinosit ... | 1997 | 9245480 |
| calcium controls gene expression via three distinct pathways that can function independently of the ras/mitogen-activated protein kinases (erks) signaling cascade. | calcium ions are the principal second messenger in the control of gene expression by electrical activation of neurons. however, the full complexity of calcium-signaling pathways leading to transcriptional activation and the cellular machinery involved are not known. using the c-fos gene as a model system, we show here that the activity of its complex promoter is controlled by three independently operating signaling mechanisms and that their functional significance is cell type-dependent. the ser ... | 1997 | 9236230 |
| juxtamembrane tyrosine residues couple the eph family receptor ephb2/nuk to specific sh2 domain proteins in neuronal cells. | eph-related receptor tyrosine kinases have been implicated in the control of axonal navigation and fasciculation. to investigate the biochemical mechanisms underlying such functions, we have expressed the ephb2 receptor (formerly nuk/cek5/sek3) in neuronal ng108-15 cells, and have observed the tyrosine phosphorylation of multiple cellular proteins upon activation of ephb2 by its ligand, ephrin-b1 (formerly elk-l/lerk2). the activated ephb2 receptor induced the tyrosine phosphorylation of a 62-64 ... | 1997 | 9233798 |
| decreased potassium stimulates bone resorption. | metabolic acidosis induces net calcium efflux (jca+) from cultured bone, in part, through an increase in osteoclastic resorption and a decrease in osteoblastic formation. in humans provision of base as potassium (k+) citrate, but not sodium (na+) citrate, reduces urine ca (uca), and oral khco3 decreases bone resorption and uca in postmenopausal women. potassium deprivation alone leads to an increase in uca. to determine whether decreased extracellular k+ concentration ([k+]) at a constant ph, pc ... | 1997 | 9227639 |
| melatonin receptors in red deer fetuses (cervus elaphus). | red deer (cervus elaphus) exhibit highly seasonal rhythms in physiology and behaviour. the influence of photoperiod on the timing of these changes begins in utero where the fetus receives photoperiodic information via the diurnal pattern of maternal melatonin secretion. the potential sensitivity of deer fetuses to melatonin was ascertained by mapping specific receptors and characterizing them using 2-[125i]iodomelatonin and quantitative autoradiography in vitro. specific binding occurred from da ... | 1997 | 9227368 |
| transmission of louping ill virus between infected and uninfected ticks co-feeding on mountain hares. | most of the data on oral infection of ticks by louping ill virus have been obtained from experiments in which animals were infected by syringe inoculation with infectious material. using infected ticks to mimic the natural situation, we have demonstrated that louping ill (li) virus transmission can occur from infected to uninfected ixodes ricinus feeding in close proximity on mountain hares (lepus timidus). under these conditions the hares developed either low or undetectable viraemias. highest ... | 1997 | 9226648 |
| activation of the novel stress-activated protein kinase sapk4 by cytokines and cellular stresses is mediated by skk3 (mkk6); comparison of its substrate specificity with that of other sap kinases. | a cdna was cloned that encodes human stress-activated protein kinase-4 (sapk4), a novel map kinase family member whose amino acid sequence is approximately 60% identical to that of the other three sap kinases which contain a tgy motif in their activation domain. the mrna encoding sapk4 was found to be widely distributed in human tissues. when expressed in kb cells, sapk4 was activated in response to cellular stresses and pro-inflammatory cytokines, in a manner similar to other sapks. sapk4 was a ... | 1997 | 9218798 |
| specific activation of a c-jun nh2-terminal kinase isoform and induction of neurite outgrowth in pc-12 cells by staurosporine. | staurosporine, a protein kinase inhibitor, is known to mimic the effect of nerve growth factor (ngf) in promoting neurite outgrowth. to elucidate the mechanism by which staurosporine induces neurite outgrowth in pc-12 cells, we performed an in-gel kinase assay using myelin basic protein as a substrate, and found that staurosporine induced the activation of a kinase with an apparent molecular mass of 57 kda. the dose of staurosporine required to activate this kinase was consistent with that requi ... | 1997 | 9218464 |
| behavioral dominance and corpus luteum function in red deer cervus elaphus. | times of the ovulatory lh surge and characteristics of the rise in circulating progesterone concentrations after ovulation in red deer hinds were investigated in relation to each animal's dominance status. observations were made during the 1992 (experiment 1) and 1993 (experiment 2) breeding seasons, while the same 12 hinds were held in a pen in the absence of a stag. ovulation was synchronized by administration of progesterone followed by luteolytic prostaglandin f2 alpha analogue. social statu ... | 1997 | 9213143 |
| the effect of formalin on rumen surface area in red deer. | previously published studies have related the surface area of rumen wall to diet. the validity of studies that utilize preserved material depends upon the predictability of any change in rumen dimension brought about by preservation. changes in the surface are of different sections of the rumen wall of red deer (cervus elaphus) were monitored after immersion in 10% formal saline solution at room temperature for 2, 7 and 14 days. there was a high degree of variability (0-39.5%) in wall-area reduc ... | 1997 | 9210784 |
| descriptive epidemiology of captive cervid herds in michigan, usa. | a study was designed to determine the species composition, disease period prevalence, and utilization of preventive practices in captive cervid herds in michigan. this is the first description of cervid farming in the united states. data for the 12 months preceding the study were collected by means of a mail questionnaire conducted from march 3 through june 28, 1993. completed questionnaires were returned by 228 of 362 (63%) farms. study respondents reported ownership of a total of 4972 (80.9%) ... | 1997 | 9208449 |
| blastocyst development and conceptus sex selection in red deer cervus elaphus: studies of a free-living population on the isle of rum. | skewing of the sex ratio at birth occurs in red deer in response to dominance status, with dominant hinds giving birth to a higher proportion of male calves than subordinates. to investigate the physiological basis for this phenomenon, reproductive tracts were collected from red deer during a cull for management purposes carried out on the island of rum, scotland. blastocysts were flushed from the uterus and sexed by polymerase chain reaction using y chromosome-specific primers. concentrations o ... | 1997 | 9204371 |
| conditional expression of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) phosphatase mkp-1 preferentially inhibits p38 mapk and stress-activated protein kinase in u937 cells. | phorbol ester tumor promoters, such as phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (pma), are potent activators of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 (erk2), stress-activated protein kinase (sapk), and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) in u937 human leukemic cells. these kinases are regulated by the reversible dual phosphorylation of conserved threonine and tyrosine residues. the dual specificity protein phosphatase mapk phosphatase-1 (mkp-1) has been shown to dephosphorylate and inactivate e ... | 1997 | 9202001 |
| the dengue virus nonstructural-1 protein (ns1) generates antibodies to common epitopes on human blood clotting, integrin/adhesin proteins and binds to human endothelial cells: potential implications in haemorrhagic fever pathogenesis. | antibody responses generated by mice to the dengue-2 virus ns1 protein (d-2v ns1) were influenced by mhc class ii (i-a) haplotype but each antiserum cross-reacted with human fibrinogen, thrombocytes and endothelial cells. to investigate these findings, a highly avid subclone (mab 1g5.4-a1-c3) was selected from a parent hybridoma that secreted a monoclonal antibody (mab) specific for the native dimeric form of d-2v ns1. when mab reactions were compared using a panel of overlapping synthetic pepti ... | 1997 | 9191856 |
| the regulation of tcf transcription factors by map kinase cascades. | 1997 | 9191197 | |
| extensive splice variation and localization of the ehk-1 receptor tyrosine kinase in adult human brain and glial tumors. | ehk-1 is a neuronal elk-related receptor tyrosine kinase which interacts with multiple, membrane-anchored ligands. recent experiments have suggested a role for some of these ligands in the formation of neuronal pathways. here, we report the isolation of human ehk-1 cdnas and the localization of the human ehk-1 gene to chromosome 4q12. six ehk-1 mrna splice variants encoding cell-surface receptors with catalytic domains were identified in adult human brain where a 120-kda ehk-1 protein predominat ... | 1997 | 9191074 |
| yersinia enterocolitica promotes deactivation of macrophage mitogen-activated protein kinases extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2, p38, and c-jun nh2-terminal kinase. correlation with its inhibitory effect on tumor necrosis factor-alpha production. | the enteropathogenic bacterium yersinia enterocolitica counteracts host defense mechanisms by interfering with eukaryotic signal transduction pathways. in this study, we investigated the mechanism by which y. enterocolitica prevents macrophage tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnfalpha) production. murine j774a.1 macrophages responded to y. enterocolitica infection by rapid activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (mapk) extracellular signal-regulated kinase (erk), p38, and c-jun nh2-terminal ... | 1997 | 9188492 |
| disturbances of the secretory stage of amelogenesis in fluorosed deer teeth: a scanning electron-microscopic study. | structural changes resulting from fluoride-induced disturbances of the secretory stage of amelogenesis were studied in fluorosed dental enamel of ten permanent premolars and molars from roe deer (capreolus capreolus) and red deer (cervus elaphus). the fluorosed enamel exhibited surface hypoplasias of different depths and extents and an associated loss of its normal prism/interprism structure. the occurrence of such aprismatic enamel either was restricted to grossly accentuated and hypomineralize ... | 1997 | 9182607 |
| physiological responses of red deer (cervus elaphus) to conditions experienced during road transport. | remote heart rate and blood sampling devices were attached to transported red deer stags to assess the effects of several road transport parameters on physiological responses associated with welfare. stocking density had a significant influence on heart rates and plasma lactate concentrations. heart rates of deer transported at a high density (0.38 m2 per 84 kg animal) were 10-13% higher than those of deer transported at medium (0.62 m2) or low densities (0.85 m2). lactate concentrations of anim ... | 1997 | 9177568 |
| molecular characterization of the b-box protein-protein interaction motif of the ets-domain transcription factor elk-1. | the ternary complex factor (tcf) subfamily of ets-domain transcription factors form ternary complexes with the serum response factor (srf) and the c-fos sre. extracellular signals are relayed via map kinase signal transduction pathways through the tcf component of the ternary complex. protein-protein interactions between tcfs and srf play an essential role in formation of this ternary complex. a 30 amino acid sequence encompassing the tcf b-box is sufficient to mediate interactions with srf. in ... | 1997 | 9171356 |
| the chiropractic outcome study: pain, functional ability and satisfaction with care. | to examine changes in pain experienced, changes in functional ability and degree of patient satisfaction with chiropractic care. patient characteristics influencing these parameters were also explored. | 1997 | 9168407 |
| growth factor-induced transcription via the serum response element is inhibited by cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate in mcf-7 breast cancer cells. | the effect of increased intracellular camp on mcf-7 breast cancer cell growth was examined by treating cells with either forskolin, an activator of adenylate cyclase, or 8-[4-chlorophenylthio]-camp (8-cpt-camp), a camp analog. compared to cells maintained in control medium, treatment with either 1 or 10 microm forskolin decreased cell growth by 17% and 68%, respectively, whereas treatment with 250 microm 8-cpt-camp decreased cell growth by 29%. to determine whether this effect of camp on cell gr ... | 1997 | 9165004 |