Publications

TitleAbstractYear
Filter
PMID(sorted descending)
Filter
untangling the fibre ball: proteomic characterization of south american camelid hair fibres by untargeted multivariate analysis and molecular networking.the proteomic analysis of hairs, yarns or textiles has emerged as a powerful method to determine species of origin, mainly used in archaeozoological research and fraud control. differentiation between the south american camelid (sac) species (the wild guanaco and vicuña and their respective domesticates the llama and alpaca) is particularly challenging due to poor database information and significant hybridization between species. in this study, we analysed 41 modern and 4 archaeological samples ...202033152504
south american camelids: their values and contributions to people.south american camelids (sacs) make several material and non-material contributions to people and are a key component of the andean biocultural heritage. from the perspective of the ipbes' conceptual framework, sacs constitute the "nature" component in the complex system of interactions between human societies and the andean mountain environment. there are four sac living species today, two of which are wild, or salqa, in the indigenous cosmovision: guanaco (lama guanicoe) and vicuña (vicugna vi ...202033133295
description of a fossil camelid from the pleistocene of argentina, and a cladistic analysis of the camelinae.we describe a well-preserved south american lamini partial skeleton (pimuz a/v 4165) from the ensenadan (~ 1.95-1.77 to 0.4 mya) of argentina. the specimen is comprised of a nearly complete skull and mandible with full tooth rows, multiple elements of anterior and posterior limbs, and a scapula. we tested this specimen's phylogenetic position and hypothesized it to be more closely related to lama guanicoe and vicugna vicugna than to hemiauchenia paradoxa. we formulate a hypothesis for the placem ...202033133011
vicuña dung gardens at the edge of the cryosphere.the decline and subsequent recovery of the vicuña (vicugna vicugna, quechua: wik'uña), one of the few large, native herbivores in the andes (figure 1), is one of the world's greatest conservation success stories. over-exploited nearly to extinction by the 1960's, the current population of these wild camelids is estimated at close to 500,000 animals, with nearly half of the global population in peru (acebes et al. 2018). vicuñas are prized, noted for the high economic value of live-shorn wool fro ...202033098659
where and when to hunt? decomposing predation success of an ambush carnivore.predator-prey games emerge when predators and prey dynamically respond to the behavior of one another, driving the outcomes of predator-prey interactions. predation success is a function of the combined probabilities of encountering and capturing prey, which are influenced by both prey behavior and environmental features. while the relative importance of encounter and capture probabilities have been evaluated in a spatial framework, temporal variation in prey behavior and intrinsic catchability ...202032852062
forensic identification of the keratin fibers of south american camelids by ambient ionization mass spectrometry: vicuña, alpaca and guanaco.the keratin fleece of the endangered vicuña (vicugna vicugna) commands a high value in international markets, and this trade has caused illegal poaching and a substantial decrease in vicuña populations. morphological analysis of hairs does not have the resolution to determine the species of origin of camelid natural fibers. in addition, commerce in camelid fleece also includes the legal trade of alpaca (vicugna pacos) and guanaco (lama guanicoe) wool.202032770752
botanical composition and diet quality of the vicuñas (vicugna vicugna mol.) in highland range of parinacota, chile.understanding the botanical composition of herbivores' diets and their nutritional quality is an important question in the development of sustainable strategies for the management of natural resources. in chilean highland vicuña-grazed grasslands, there is little information in this regard and, therefore, this study aimed to determine the year-round profile of the diet's botanical composition and quality. in highland grasslands, on an area of 21.9 ha, continuously grazed for 3.06 vu/ha/year (18° ...202032708523
genomic analysis of the domestication and post-spanish conquest evolution of the llama and alpaca.despite their regional economic importance and being increasingly reared globally, the origins and evolution of the llama and alpaca remain poorly understood. here we report reference genomes for the llama, and for the guanaco and vicuña (their putative wild progenitors), compare these with the published alpaca genome, and resequence seven individuals of all four species to better understand domestication and introgression between the llama and alpaca.202032616020
camelids: new players in the international animal production context.the camelidae family comprises the bactrian camel (camelus bactrianus), the dromedary camel (camelus dromedarius), and four species of south american camelids: llama (lama glama), alpaca (lama pacos) guanaco (lama guanicoe), and vicuña (vicugna vicugna). the main characteristic of these species is their ability to cope with either hard climatic conditions like those found in arid regions (bactrian and dromedary camels) or high-altitude landscapes like those found in south america (south american ...202031898022
evolution of target-site resistance to glyphosate in an amaranthus palmeri population from argentina and its expression at different plant growth temperatures.the mechanism and expression of resistance to glyphosate at different plant growing temperatures was investigated in an amaranthuspalmeri population (vm1) from a soybean field in vicuña mackenna, cordoba, argentina. resistance was not due to reduced glyphosate translocation to the meristem or to epsps duplication, as reported for most us samples. in contrast, a proline 106 to serine target-site mutation acting additively with epsps over-expression (1.8-fold increase) was respectively a major and ...201931744154
lithium and boron in calcified tissues of vicuna and their relation to chronic exposure by water ingestion in the andean lithium triangle.vicuna is a wild, endangered species of andean camelid living in the hyperarid andean plateau. in the central part of the plateau, the lithium triangle defines a zone with lithium-rich salt pans. brine pools naturally form within the salt pans, and the adaptation strategy of vicuna consists of drinking from brine pools. together with reporting the first chemical data on vicuna bones and teeth, we analyzed lithium, boron, and arsenic in water and brines, with the aim of assessing their relation t ...202031614392
glucocorticoid and triiodothyronine concentrations do not correlate with behavior in vicuñas (vicugna vicugna).state-dependent foraging theory posits that animals should make foraging decisions based on energetic condition, where animals with fewer energetic reserves prioritize foraging over other behaviors, including antipredator behaviors. however, few studies have investigated these trade-offs at an individual level in wild, free-ranging animals. we investigated the relationships between internal condition and behavior in a wild mammal, the vicuña (vicugna vicugna), which makes state-dependent decisio ...202031606464
demography of avian scavengers after pleistocene megafaunal extinction.the late quaternary megafauna extinctions reshaped species assemblages, yet we know little about how extant obligate scavengers responded to this abrupt ecological change. to explore whether obligate scavengers persisted by depending on contemporary community linkages or via foraging flexibility, we tested the importance of the trophic interaction between pumas (puma concolor) and native camelids (vicugna vicugna and lama guanicoe) for the persistence of andean condors (vultur gryphus) in southe ...201931273237
phylogeography and population genetics of vicugna vicugna: evolution in the arid andean high plateau.the vicuña (vicugna vicugna) is the most representative wild ungulate of the high andes of south america with two recognized morphological subspecies, v. v. mensalis in the north and v. v. vicugna in the south of its distribution. current vicuña population size (460,000-520,000 animals) is the result of population recovery programs established in response to 500 years of overexploitation. despite the vicuña's ecosystemic, economic and social importance, studies about their genetic variation and ...201931244880
habitat complexity mediates the predator-prey space race.the spatial relationship between predator and prey is often conceptualized as a behavioral response race, in which prey avoid predators while predators track prey. limiting habitat types can create spatial anchors for prey or predators, influencing the likelihood that the predator or prey response will dominate. joint spatial anchors emerge when predator and prey occupy similar feeding habitat domains and risk and reward become spatially conflated, confusing predictions of which player will win ...201931157915
author correction: closed-loop brain training: the science of neurofeedback.in this article, the affiliation for mohit rana was incorrectly listed as the institute for biological and medical engineering, department of psychiatry, and section of neuroscience, pontificia universidad católica de chile, vicuña mackenna 4860 hernán briones, piso 2, macul 782-0436, santiago, chile. the listed affiliation should have been the following: departamento de psiquiatría, escuela de medicina, centro interdisciplinario de neurociencias, pontificia universidad católica de chile, santia ...201930911159
integrating temporal refugia into landscapes of fear: prey exploit predator downtimes to forage in risky places.the landscape of fear is an important driver of prey space use. however, prey can navigate the landscape of fear by exploiting temporal refuges from predation risk. we hypothesized that diel patterns of predator and prey movement and space use would be inversely correlated due to temporal constraints on predator habitat domain. specifically, we evaluated habitat selection and activity of the vicuña and its only predator, the puma, during three diel periods: day, dawn/dusk, and night. pumas selec ...201930868375
endoparasites of domesticated animals that originated in the neo-tropics (new world tropics).this review serves to summarize parasites found in domesticated animals which were found in the neo-tropics. indigenous domesticated neo-tropical animals include south american camelids, (lama gunacoa, lama glama, lama pacos, vicuna vicuna), guinea pigs (cavia porcellus), chinchillas (chinchilla lanigera), turkeys (meleagris gallopavo) and ducks (cairina moschata, anas platyrhynchos, dendrocyga autumnalis). these animals were chosen due to their origin of existence (neo-tropics) and over time th ...201930845667
choice of assembly software has a critical impact on virome characterisation.the viral component of microbial communities plays a vital role in driving bacterial diversity, facilitating nutrient turnover and shaping community composition. despite their importance, the vast majority of viral sequences are poorly annotated and share little or no homology to reference databases. as a result, investigation of the viral metagenome (virome) relies heavily on de novo assembly of short sequencing reads to recover compositional and functional information. metagenomic assembly is ...201930691529
genetic variation in coat colour genes mc1r and asip provides insights into domestication and management of south american camelids.the domestication of wild vicuña and guanaco by early pre-inca cultures is an iconic example of wildlife management and domestication in the americas. although domestic llamas and alpacas were clearly selected for key, yet distinct, phenotypic traits, the relative patterns and direction of selection and domestication have not been confirmed using genetic approaches. however, the detailed archaeological records from the region suggest that domestication was a process carried out under significant ...201830483307
comparing genetic diversity and demographic history in co-distributed wild south american camelids.vicuñas and guanacos are two species of wild south american camelids that are key ruminants in the ecosystems where they occur. although closely related, these species feature differing ecologies and life history characters, which are expected to influence both their genetic diversity and population differentiation at different spatial scales. here, using mitochondrial and microsatellite genetic markers, we show that vicuña display lower genetic diversity within populations than guanaco but exhi ...201830061581
a review of coccidiosis in south american camelids.camelids (llamas, alpacas, vicuñas, guanacos) are important for the economy of south america and eimeria infections are important as cause of mortality in camelids. of the five most prevalent species of eimeria in south american camelids, eimeria macusaniensis, eimeria lamae, eimeria alpacae, eimeria punoensis, and eimeria ivitaensis, e. macusaniensis is considered the most pathogenic. there is considerable confusion concerning the endogenous developmental stages of eimeria spp. in camelids. man ...201829804192
gametogony of eimeria macusaniensis guerrero, hernandez, bazalar and alva, 1971 in llama (lama glama).camelids (llama, alpaca, vicunãs, guanacos) are important for the economy of south america and eimeria infections are an important cause of mortality in camelids. of the six species of eimeria in camelids, eimeria macusaniensis, considered the most pathogenic, is distinctive; its oocysts are the largest among all eimeria species in animals, its prepatent period is more than 1 month, and its oocysts have been found in mummies from prehistoric times. although, e. macusaniensis gametogonic stages a ...201829642969
sarcocystosis in south american camelids: the state of play revisited.members of the genus sarcocystis (apicomplexa: sarcocystidae) are intracellular protozoan parasites that infect a wide range of domestic and wild animals, resulting in economic losses in production animals worldwide. sarcocystis spp. have indirect life-cycles where canids and felids serve as main definitive hosts while a range of domestic and wild animals serve as intermediate hosts, including south american camelids (sacs) such as alpacas, llamas and guanacos. these animals primarily occur in s ...201829510746
physiological and behavioral indices of short-term stress in wild vicuñas (vicugna vicugna) in jujuy province, argentina.the management of wild vicuñas can trigger a stress response that may compromise welfare. in santa catalina, jujuy province, argentina, indices of short-term stress associated with capture, handling, and shearing were studied in 105 wild vicuñas (vicugna vicugna). the study included 2 groups (n = 59 and n = 46) of wild vicuñas captured in 2 consecutive days. independent variables analyzed included sex, restraint time, and groups. cortisol, creatine kinase, glucose, white blood cells, temperature ...201729207883
production, preservation, and transfer of south american camelid embryos.the current review summarizes progress in the field ofin vitroandin vivoproduction of south american camelid embryos. both methods require ovarian superstimulation (with fsh and ecg) to obtain multiple ovulations (in vivoembryo production) or to induce follicle growth for oocyte collection (in vitroembryo production). moreover, superstimulation entails prior administration of hormones that inhibit follicular growth (progesterone, progestagens, and estrogens). cumulus-oocyte complexes obtained mu ...201729181380
first finding of nymphal stages of linguatula serrata in a south american camelid, a vicuña from peru.linguatula serrata, a pentastomid, was found parasitizing the lungs of a vicuña (vicugna vicugna) from cuzco, peru. a total of 13 larvae were found encysted in the parenchymal tissue of the lungs. all larvae were identified as nymphal stages of l. serrata by morphological methods diagnosis was confirmed by molecular analysis amplifying the cytochrome c oxidase 1 gene of three nymphs. nucleotide sequences from the isolates were compared to previous sequences from genbank, and it showed high simil ...201728917312
[analysis of human cyst echinococcosis in a northern chilean region from 2008 to 2012].the coquimbo region in chile has the highest incidence of hydatidosis in central and northern chile.201728898336
target-site resistance to acetolactate synthase (als)-inhibiting herbicides in amaranthus palmeri from argentina.herbicide-resistant weeds are a serious problem worldwide. recently, two populations of amaranthus palmeri with suspected cross-resistance to acetolactate synthase (als)-inhibiting herbicides (r1 and r2) were found by farmers in two locations in argentina (vicuña mackenna and totoras, respectively). we conducted studies to confirm and elucidate the mechanism of resistance.201728703943
y-chromosome and mtdna variation confirms independent domestications and directional hybridization in south american camelids.investigations of genetic diversity and domestication in south american camelids (sac) have relied on autosomal microsatellite and maternally-inherited mitochondrial data. we present the first integrated analysis of domestic and wild sac combining male and female sex-specific markers (male specific y-chromosome and female-specific mtdna sequence variation) to assess: (i) hypotheses about the origin of domestic camelids, (ii) directionality of introgression among domestic and/or wild taxa as evid ...201728699276
septicemia and meningoencephalitis caused by listeria monocytogenes in two neonatal llamas.listeriosis is a disease of humans and domestic mammals (mainly ruminants) with variable manifestations, primarily encephalitis, septicemia, and abortion. although listeria monocytogenes readily causes illness in ruminants, the prevalence among domestic south american camelids (llamas and alpacas) is low and has not been documented in their wild counterparts, the vicuna and guanaco. we describe herein the clinical signs, autopsy findings, and histopathology of septicemia and suppurative meningoe ...201728677403
111 biochemical composition of follicular fluid in relation to the stimulus to induce ovulation in alpacas (vicugna pacos).alpacas, like other camelids, are induced ovulators. a study was designed to determine the effect of the ovulation-inducing stimulus on the biochemical composition of follicular fluid. adult female alpacas (n=18) were examined daily for 3 days by transrectal ultrasonography using a 5-mhz linear-array transducer (aloka ssd-500, tokyo, japan). when the largest growing ovarian follicle was ≥7mm, alpacas were given 1.0ml of seminal plasma intramuscularly (sp, n=9) or 40µg of busereline acetate intra ...201628278908
localization of orexin b and receptor 2 for orexins in testicular cytotypes of the camelid alpaca (vicugna pacos).the orexins a (oxa) and b (oxb) are two hypothalamic peptides involved in many physiological functions of the mammalian body. they act through the binding of two g-coupled receptors named receptor 1 (ox1 ) and receptor 2 (ox2 ) for orexins. the first receptor is specific for oxa, while the second binds both the substances with equal affinity. the orexins and the relative receptors have been traced by means of different techniques also at the periphery of the body and particularly in the adrenals ...201728181310
experimental acute infection of alpacas with bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 subgenotype b alters peripheral blood and galt leukocyte subsets.bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) is a pathogen in cattle and alpacas ( vicugna pacos), causing acute and persistent bvdv infections. we characterized the effect of acute bvdv infection on the immune system of alpacas by determining lymphocyte subpopulations in peripheral blood and gut-associated lymphoid tissues (galt) as well as serum interferon levels. alpacas were experimentally infected with bvdv-1b (strain co-06). peripheral blood leukocytes were isolated at 0, 3, 6, and 9 d postinfection ...201728166712
non-invasive pregnancy diagnosis from urine by the cuboni reaction and the barium chloride test in donkeys (equus asinus) and alpacas (vicugna pacos).the aim of the research was to evaluate two chemical tests for non-invasive pregnancy diagnosis from urine, the cuboni reaction and the barium chloride test, in donkeys (equus asinus) and alpacas (vicugna pacos). the research was carried out from april 2013 to september 2014. urine samples were collected on five private czech farms from 18 jennies and 12 alpaca females. urine was collected non-invasively into plastic cups fastened on a telescopic rod, at 6-9 week intervals. in total, 60 and 54 u ...201627760031
porcine map3k5 analysis: molecular cloning, characterization, tissue expression pattern, and copy number variations associated with residual feed intake.mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5 (map3k5) is essential for apoptosis, proliferation, differentiation, and immune responses, and is a candidate marker for residual feed intake (rfi) in pig. we cloned the full-length cdna sequence of porcine map3k5 by rapid-amplification of cdna ends. the 5451-bp gene contains a 5'-untranslated region (utr) (718 bp), a coding region (3738 bp), and a 3'-utr (995 bp), and encodes a peptide of 1245 amino acids, which shares 97, 99, 97, 93, 91, and 84% ...201627525933
phylogenetic and structural analysis of the pluripotency factor sex-determining region y box2 gene of camelus dromedarius (csox2).although the sequencing information of sox2 cdna for many mammalian is available, the sox2 cdna of camelus dromedaries has not yet been characterized. the objective of this study was to sequence and characterize sox2 cdna from the brain of c. dromedarius (also known as arabian camel). a full coding sequence of the sox2 gene from the brain of c. dromedarius was amplified by reverse transcription pcrjmc and then sequenced using the 3730xl series platform sequencer (applied biosystem) for the first ...201627486314
multiplexed next-generation sequencing and de novo assembly to obtain near full-length hiv-1 genome from plasma virus.analysing the hiv-1 near full-length genome (hiv-nflg) facilitates new understanding into the diversity of virus population dynamics at individual or population level. in this study we developed a simple but high-throughput next generation sequencing (ngs) protocol for hiv-nflg using clinical specimens and validated the method against an external quality control (eqc) panel. clinical specimens (n=105) were obtained from three cohorts from two highly conserved hiv-1c epidemics (india and ethiopia ...201627448822
liolaemus lizards (squamata: liolaemidae) as hosts for the nymph of amblyomma parvitarsum (acari: ixodidae), with notes on rickettsia infection.adults of amblyomma parvitarsum are common ectoparasites of south american camelids of the genera lama and vicugna, occuring in highlands of argentina, bolivia, chile, peru and also in argentinean patagonia. whereas larval stages of this tick are known to feed on small lizards, host records for the nymphal instar have remained unreported. supported by morphological and molecular analyses, herein we report a. parvitarsum nymphs parasitizing two liolaemus species (reptilia: squamata) in the andean ...201627406395
a three-step approach to minimise the impact of a mining site on vicuña (vicugna vicugna) and to restore landscape connectivity.resource extraction projects generate a diversity of negative effects on the environment that are difficult to predict and mitigate. consequently, adaptive management approaches have been advocated to develop effective responses to impacts that were not predicted. mammal populations living in or around mine sites are frequently of management concern; yet, there is a dearth of published information on how to minimise the negative effects of different phases of mining operations on them. here, we ...201627300165
mers-cov infection of alpaca in a region where mers-cov is endemic. 201627070501
infection, replication, and transmission of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus in alpacas.middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus is a recently emerged pathogen associated with severe human disease. zoonotic spillover from camels appears to play a major role in transmission. because of logistic difficulties in working with dromedaries in containment, a more manageable animal model would be desirable. we report shedding and transmission of this virus in experimentally infected alpacas (n = 3) or those infected by contact (n = 3). infectious virus was detected in all infected anim ...201627070385
outbreak of diarrhea among preweaning alpacas (vicugna pacos) in the southern peruvian highland.infections, particularly diarrheal infections, are a major cause of neonatal death in south american camelids. the aim of this study was to identify the pathogens that could have caused the recent diarrhea outbreak among the alpacas in silli, cusco, located in the southern peruvian highland.201627031459
pathology of haemonchus contortus in new world camelids in the southeastern united states: a retrospective review.most small ruminant farms in tropical climates are plagued by haemonchus contortus, a hematophagous, abomasal parasite. heavy burdens of this parasite can cause anemia, hypoproteinemia, weight loss, and mortality in susceptible animals. haemonchus contortus is becoming a major health concern in new world camelids as well, namely llamas (llama glama) and alpacas (vicugna pacos), yet little research has been conducted regarding its prevalence or pathology in these species. herein, we present a ret ...201626965230
sarcocystis masoni, n. sp. (apicomplexa: sarcocystidae), and redescription of sarcocystis aucheniae from llama (lama glama), guanaco (lama guanicoe) and alpaca (vicugna pacos).there is considerable confusion concerning the species of sarcocystis in south american camelids (sac). several species names have been used; however, proper descriptions are lacking. in the present paper, we redescribe the macroscopic sarcocyst forming sarcocystis aucheniae and describe and propose a new name, sarcocystis masoni for the microscopic sarcocyst forming species. muscles samples were obtained from llamas (lama glama) and guanacos (lama guanicoe) from argentina and from alpacas (vicu ...201626932444
genetic diversity and conservation status of managed vicuña (vicugna vicugna) populations in argentina.the vicuña (vicugna vicugna) was indiscriminately hunted for more than 400 years and, by the end of 1960s, it was seriously endangered. at that time, a captive breeding program was initiated in argentina by the national institute of agricultural technology (inta) with the aim of preserving the species. nowadays, vicuñas are managed in captivity and in the wild to obtain their valuable fiber. the current genetic status of argentinean vicuña populations is virtually unknown. using mitochondrial dn ...201626842726
a survey of gastrointestinal parasites of alpacas (vicugna pacos) raised in japan.this study aimed to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in alpacas raised in japan. from december 2010 to october 2011, 53 alpacas (vicugna pacos) raised at a farm in the kanto region, japan, were examined for gastrointestinal parasites by 3 fecal tests: direct smear, centrifuged flotation and formalin-ether sedimentation. eggs of nematodirus sp. were found in 13.2%, trichuris sp. in 11.3%, capillaria spp. in 5.7%, strongyle-type in 50.9% and moniezia sp. in 1.9%. oocysts of e ...201626725443
bovine xenograft application for treatment of a metatarsal nonunion fracture in an alpaca (vicugna pacos).a 15-year-old female huacaya alpaca (vicugna pacos) was referred because of a non-weight-bearing lameness (4/4) in the left pelvic limb caused by a grade three open metatarsal fracture. the referring veterinarian treated the fracture with conservative management using bandages, but it progressively evolved to a non-union.201626617346
serological survey for antibodies against bovine viral diarrhoea virus and neospora caninum in a population of south australian alpacas (vicugna pacos).bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) and neospora caninum may cause clinical disease in alpacas. both diseases are present in the australian cattle population. the objective of this study was to perform a serological prevalence survey for bvdv and n. caninum exposure in a regional alpaca population of south australia.201526456156
molecular characterization of rotavirus isolated from alpaca (vicugna pacos) crias with diarrhea in the andean region of cusco, peru.alpacas (vicugna pacos), a species of south american camelids (sac), suffer high morbidity and mortality from infectious diseases. diarrhea is one of the leading causes of alpaca cria mortality in peru and elsewhere. in order to develop appropriate control and/or treatment, it is necessary to identify infectious pathogens that cause diarrhea in crias. rotavirus was isolated in cell culture from feces collected from crias with acute diarrhea that tested positive to rotaviral antigen by rapid immu ...201526243695
genomic data from extinct north american camelops revise camel evolutionary history.recent advances in paleogenomic technologies have enabled an increasingly detailed understanding of the evolutionary relationships of now-extinct mammalian taxa. however, a number of enigmatic quaternary species have never been characterized with molecular data, often because available fossils are rare or are found in environments that are not optimal for dna preservation. here, we analyze paleogenomic data extracted from bones attributed to the late pleistocene western camel, camelops cf. heste ...201526037535
double ovulation and occurrence of twinning in alpacas (vicugna pacos).twin births are rare in alpacas despite the high incidence of double ovulation and are undesirable because they contribute to early and late pregnancy loss, abortion, and birth of nonviable neonates. the objective of the present study was to determine the incidence and outcome of twin pregnancy in double-ovulating alpacas by retrospective and prospective analysis. data from double-ovulating females (n = 41) presented for pregnancy diagnosis were analyzed to determine pregnancy status at three st ...201525963129
llamas and alpacas in europe: endoparasites of the digestive tract and their pharmacotherapeutic control.there are distinctive specifications for veterinary medical care of south american camelids (sacs), namely, llamas, alpacas, vicunas and guanacos. camelids are classified as food-producing animals, but as veterinary medicinal products are often only licensed for domestic food-producing species such as horses, goats, sheep and cattle, treatment of sacs generally requires off-label use of drugs. endoparasitism is a major health concern in camelids and can result in severe clinical diseases and eco ...201525933827
digesta retention patterns of solute and different-sized particles in camelids compared with ruminants and other foregut fermenters.the mean retention times (mrt) of solute or particles in the gastrointestinal tract and the forestomach (fs) are crucial determinants of digestive physiology in herbivores. besides ruminants, camelids are the only herbivores that have evolved rumination as an obligatory physiological process consisting of repeated mastication of large food particles, which requires a particle sorting mechanism in the fs. differences between camelids and ruminants have hardly been investigated so far. in this stu ...201525921796
mycoplasma hominis ssp. associated endocarditis with myocardial necrosis in an alpaca (vicugna pacos) in manitoba in 2011.severe endocarditis with myonecrosis, moderate to severe pleural and pericardial effusions, and mild ascites were found on necropsy in 3 alpacas. mycoplasma hominis ssp. was detected on polymerase chain reaction (pcr) of fresh affected endocardial tissue in 1 alpaca.201525694661
vigilance behaviour of the year-round territorial vicuña (vicugna vicugna) outside the breeding season: influence of group size, social factors and distance to a water source.we conducted focal observations of vicuña, a year-around territorial mammal, to compare vigilance behaviour between territorial and bachelor males outside the reproductive season. we hypothesized that the time spent vigilant would depend on male social status, considering the potential effects of several variables: sampling year, group size, distances to the nearest neighbour and to a vega (mountain wetland). we fit glm models to assess how these variables, and their interactions, affected time ...201525680329
medicinal use of wild fauna by mestizo communities living near san guillermo biosphere reserve (san juan, argentina).wild and domestic animals and their by-products are important ingredients in the preparation of curative, protective and preventive medicines. despite the medicinal use of animals worldwide, this topic has received less attention than the use of medicinal plants. this study assessed the medicinal use of animals by mestizo communities living near san guillermo mab reserve by addressing the following questions: what animal species and body parts are used? what ailments or diseases are treated with ...201525608977
biochemical composition and protein profile of alpaca (vicugna pacos) oviductal fluid.knowledge and assessment of the constituents of the oviductal fluid (of) in camelids is necessary for a correct formulation of specific culture media for the development of reproductive biotechnology. this study is the first describing the biochemical composition and sds-page protein profile of alpaca oviductal fluid in non-pregnant animals and animals that have completed the first month and second month of gestation. samples were also classified into oviducts that were ipsilateral or contralate ...201525592861
normal bacterial conjunctival flora in the huacaya alpaca (vicugna pacos).to describe the bacterial flora of the normal conjunctiva of huacaya alpacas (vicugna pacos) and to determine the effect of age and gender on this flora.201625581469
the vγ9vδ2 t cell antigen receptor and butyrophilin-3 a1: models of interaction, the possibility of co-evolution, and the case of dendritic epidermal t cells.most circulating human gamma delta t cells are vγ9vδ2 t cells. their hallmark is the expression of t cell antigen receptors (tcr) whose γ-chains show a vγ9-jp (vγ2-jγ1.2) rearrangement and are paired with vδ2-containing δ-chains, a dominant tcr configuration, which until recently seemed to occur in primates only. vγ9vδ2 t cells respond to phosphoantigens (pag) such as (e)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2-enyl pyrophosphate (hmbpp), which is produced by many pathogens and isopentenyl pyrophosphate (ipp), ...201425566259
camelid genomes reveal evolution and adaptation to desert environments.bactrian camel (camelus bactrianus), dromedary (camelus dromedarius) and alpaca (vicugna pacos) are economically important livestock. although the bactrian camel and dromedary are large, typically arid-desert-adapted mammals, alpacas are adapted to plateaus. here we present high-quality genome sequences of these three species. our analysis reveals the demographic history of these species since the tortonian stage of the miocene and uncovers a striking correlation between large fluctuations in po ...201425333821
isolation and genetic characterization of toxoplasma gondii from alpaca (vicugna pacos) and sheep (ovis aries).alpacas are important to the economy of several countries. little is known of toxoplasma gondii infection in alpacas worldwide. in the present study, t. gondii was isolated and genetically characterized from alpacas for the first time. alpacas (n = 16) and rams (n = 12) pastured on a farm in virginia, usa, were examined at necropsy. antibodies to t. gondii were determined by the modified agglutination test (mat, 1:25) and found in 6 of 16 alpacas with titers of 1:100 (2 alpaca), 1:400 (2 alpacas ...201425096055
toxoplasmosis-associated abortion in an alpaca (vicugna pacos) fetus.a near-full-term alpaca (vicugna pacos) was stillborn 2 days before the expected date of delivery; necropsy examination was conducted within 6 hr of delivery. gross lesions were enlarged liver and hydrocephalus. on histologic examination, mild inflammatory lesions were identified in the placenta, liver, and lungs, although no etiology was recognized. within the brain, there was a mild nonsuppurative meningoencephalitis, hydrocephalus, and hydromyelia. both kidneys had inflammatory foci in cortex ...201425000722
[cowpox virus infection in an alpaca (vicugna pacos) - clinical symptoms, laboratory diagnostic findings and pathological changes].orthopoxvirus infections appear to be rare in south american camelids, because only a few cases have been reported in the literature. based on a generalized infection with cowpox virus in an alpaca, the clinical symptoms, laboratory diagnostic findings and the pathological changes are described. the case history showed a long treatment because of chronic skin lesions. the main clinical symptom was miliary papules over the entire skin. furthermore, a bilateral mucopurulent conjunctivitis occurred ...201424920091
methane emission by camelids.methane emissions from ruminant livestock have been intensively studied in order to reduce contribution to the greenhouse effect. ruminants were found to produce more enteric methane than other mammalian herbivores. as camelids share some features of their digestive anatomy and physiology with ruminants, it has been proposed that they produce similar amounts of methane per unit of body mass. this is of special relevance for countrywide greenhouse gas budgets of countries that harbor large popula ...201424718604
presence and distribution of urocortin and its receptors in the epididymis of alpaca (vicugna pacos).urocortin 1 (ucn) is a 40-amino acid peptide belonging to the corticotrophin-releasing hormone (crh) family. the biological effects of this peptide are modulated by binding two g-coupled receptors named crh receptor 1 (crhr1) and crh receptor 2 (crhr2). crhr2 has high affinity for ucn. the aim of the present study was to investigate the presence and distribution of ucn, crhr1 and crhr2 in the epididymis of the south america camelid alpaca (vicugna pacos) by western blotting analysis and immunohi ...201524661003
disseminated blastomyces dermatitidis, genetic group 2, infection in an alpaca (vicugna pacos).a 7-year-old, female huacaya alpaca presented with a 3-week history of left-sided head tilt and mild ataxia. despite aggressive supportive therapy with empirical antibiotic, anti-inflammatory, thiamine, and anthelminthic therapy, neurologic signs progressed to a right-sided head tilt, positional nystagmus, and episodes of severe ataxia and obtundation. on necropsy, discrete expansile to poorly delineated infiltrative masses with tan, creamy to grumous exudate were observed in the right petrous t ...201424621845
pastoralism in northern peru during pre-hispanic times: insights from the mochica period (100-800 ad) based on stable isotopic analysis of domestic camelids.llama (lama glama) and alpaca (vicugna pacos) are the only large domesticated animals indigenous to the americas. pastoralism occupies a fundamental economic, social and religious role in andean life. today, camelid livestock are confined to the ecozone of the puna (above 3,500 masl), while their presence on the pacific coast during pre-hispanic times is attested by archaeological skeletal remains. this study aims to document herding practices on the northern peruvian coast during the early inte ...201424498136
health impact evaluation of alternative management systems in vicuña (vicugna vicugna mensalis) populations in peru.to determine the impact of farming over vicuña population in peru, serum samples were collected from 207 vicuñas (126 captive vicuñas and 81 free-ranging vicuñas) and 614 domestic south american camelids (571 alpacas and 43 llamas), in ten andean communities at the salinas y aguada blanca reserve, province of arequipa, southern peru. samples were tested for the presence of leptospirosis, foot and mouth disease (fmd), bovine viral diarrhea (bvd), bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1), brucellosis, bl ...201424492977
case report: abortion and disseminated infection by coccidioides posadasii in an alpaca (vicugna pacos) fetus in southern california.coccidioidomycosis is a fungal disease affecting humans and other mammals caused by the soil-dwelling fungi coccidioides immitis and c. posadasii. abortion due to coccidioides spp. infection is rare in domestic animals and transplacental transmission is considered uncommon in women. this report describes a case of placental-fetal infection and abortion in an alpaca with disseminated c. posadasii infection. pcr amplification and dna sequencing were used to confirm the etiology, c. posadasii, in f ...201324432245
genotypic characterization of chilean llama (lama glama) and alpaca (vicugna pacos) pestivirus isolates.llamas and alpacas are domesticated south american camelids (sacs) important to ancestral population in the altiplano region, and to different communities worldwide where they have been introduced. these ungulates have shown to be susceptible to several livestock viral pathogens such as members of the pestivirus genus, in particular bovine viral diarrhea (bvdv), but there is little data available on pestivirus infections in sacs. in this study we aimed to detect and identify pestivirus genotypes ...201424388633
antigenic variability in bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) isolates from alpaca (vicugna pacos), llama (lama glama) and bovines in chile.llamas and alpacas are domesticated south american camelids (sacs) important to ancestral population in the altiplano region, and to different communities where they have been introduced worldwide. these ungulates have shown to be susceptible to several livestock viral pathogens such as members of the pestivirus genus and mainly to bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv). seventeen chilean bvdv isolates were analyzed by serum cross neutralization with samples obtained from five llama, six alpacas, th ...201424388627
retinal ganglion cell distribution and visual acuity in alpacas (vicugna pacos).to investigate the distribution of retinal ganglion cells (rgcs) and visual acuity in alpacas (vicugna pacos) through brn-3a immunofluorescent labeling.201524320877
amblyomma parvitarsum (acari: ixodidae): localities, hosts and host-parasite ecology.only a few aspects of the biology of amblyomma parvitarsum neumann are known. adults of this hard tick species are parasites of south american camelids in the andean plateau of argentina, bolivia, peru and chile and also in the argentine patagonia, but they have been also rarely found on other artyodactils and two species of birds. the larva has been collected from reptiles in northern chile, whereas the hosts for the nymph remain unknown. on nine localities included within altitude tropical and ...201423979654
sarcoptic mange in vicuña (vicugna vicugna) population in peru. 201323893216
evaluation of the performance of cellular and serological diagnostic tests for the diagnosis of tuberculosis in an alpaca (vicugna pacos) herd naturally infected with mycobacterium bovis.tuberculosis (tb) in llamas and alpacas has gained importance in recent years since they are imported into the european union mainly for serving as pets and for production of natural fibre. the intradermal tuberculin test has been widely used for diagnosis of tb in these species showing lack of sensitivity (se) although little information has been previously reported evaluating the effect on its performance of different ppd inoculation sites and time of readings. moreover, different cost-effecti ...201323809774
mycobacterium ulcerans infection in two alpacas.an ulcerative dermopathy caused by mycobacterium ulcerans is described in two alpacas (vicugna pacos) domiciled in endemic areas of victoria, australia.201323782024
characterization of fusobacterium necrophorum isolated from llama and alpaca.fusobacterium necrophorum, a gram-negative, anaerobic bacterium, is an opportunistic animal and human pathogen that causes a variety of infections termed necrobacillosis. there are 2 subspecies of f. necrophorum (subsp. necrophorum and subsp. funduliforme) that differ morphologically and biochemically and in virulence. leukotoxin, a secreted protein, is considered to be the major virulence factor. in camelids, f. necrophorum causes a variety of infections, generally involving the lips, tongue, p ...201323780933
anthelmintic resistance in a herd of alpacas (vicugna pacos).a herd of alpacas was examined because of a history of severe endoparasitism, anemia, hypoproteinemia, and weight loss. resistance of gastrointestinal nematodes to albendazole, fenbendazole, and doramectin was documented. this report suggests that anthelmintic resistance may be an emerging problem in south american camelids in north america.201223729829
expression of orexin a and its receptor 1 in the epididymis of the south american camelid alpaca (vicugna pacos).orexins a (ox a) and b are two peptides originally discovered in neurons of rat hypothalamus, and later found in different cellular types of the gastrointestinal and genital tracts. they arise from the proteolytic cleavage of a common precursor molecule, prepro-orexin, and bind to two receptors, namely receptor 1 (ox1r) and receptor 2 for orexins, that show different binding affinity. the central role of the two peptides has been extensively studied, whereas their activity in the periphery is st ...201423521689
detection of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis by is900-based pcr assays from an alpaca (vicugna pacos) kept in a german zoological garden.an alpaca (vicugna pacos) bred and kept in a german zoological garden exhibited clinical signs consistent with paratuberculosis. the presence of mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (map) was confirmed in feces and in the ileocecal lymph node (iln) by is900-based polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assays and culture. a bacterial burden of 7.6 x 10(6) map/g in feces and 4.4 x 10(7) map/g in lymph node tissue was determined by real-time pcr. for further characterization, a conventional pcr was d ...201323505723
traumatic gastroperitonitis (hardware disease) in an alpaca (vicugna pacos).a 5-yr-old, intact male suri alpaca (vicugna pacos) presented with acute onset of anorexia, depression, and reluctance to stand. exploratory laparotomy revealed diffuse peritonitis resulting from penetration of a 5-cm wire through the second gastric compartment (c2). due to the severity of the alpaca's condition and its deteriorating nature, euthanasia at the time of surgery was elected. this is the first published case of a condition commonly observed in cattle (traumatic gastroperitonitis, "ha ...201323505719
bilateral iliac arterial thrombosis in an alpaca (vicugna pacos) cria.a 3-month-old male alpaca was presented for acute onset of non-weight-bearing left hind limb lameness. antemortem diagnostics revealed a mass to the right of the urinary bladder and no blood flow in the left femoral artery. necropsy revealed bilateral iliac arterial thrombi and an abscess near the urinary bladder.201223450866
rumen-protected methionine supplementation and fibre production in alpacas (vicugna pacos).sulphur-containing amino acids are a crucial requirement for fibre production and may be supplemented in the diet of fibre-producing animals to stimulate fibre growth. the alpaca fibre industry is a developing industry in australia with high variability in fibre production. to date, there is no evidence whether supplementing the diet of alpacas with sulphur amino acids improves fibre production. we hypothesised that supplementation with the rumen-protected sulphur amino acid, methionine would in ...201323173603
de novo assembly of highly diverse viral populations.extensive genetic diversity in viral populations within infected hosts and the divergence of variants from existing reference genomes impede the analysis of deep viral sequencing data. a de novo population consensus assembly is valuable both as a single linear representation of the population and as a backbone on which intra-host variants can be accurately mapped. the availability of consensus assemblies and robustly mapped variants are crucial to the genetic study of viral disease progression, ...201222974120
diaphragmatic hernia in a two-year-old alpaca (vicugna pacos).a 2-yr-old male intact alpaca (vicugna pacos) was admitted for a 4-day history of anorexia and colic. five months prior, the alpaca had undergone surgical removal of a duodenal trichophytobezoar and had recovered uneventfully. the alpaca died under anesthesia, and diaphragmatic herniation of the third gastric compartment (c3) was diagnosed at necropsy. a defect was identified in the left dorsal hemidiaphragm accompanied by herniation of 80% of c3 and the aboral portion of the second gastric comp ...201122950329
recovery of arcobacter spp. from nonlivestock species.the genus arcobacter encompasses campylobacter-like organisms that grow in air at 25 degrees c. arcobacter has been detected or isolated from clinically healthy livestock as well as aborted fetuses and has been presumptively identified as either campylobacter or leptospira, based on its growth in selective semisolid media. because reports from nonlivestock species are limited, this study examined nine presumptive isolates of arcobacter spp. from an alpaca (vicugna pacos), black rhinoceros (dicer ...201122950328
bovine leukemia virus infection in a juvenile alpaca with multicentric lymphoma.a 13-month-old alpaca (vicugna pacos) was presented for mandibular masses and weight loss. histopathology of biopsy tissue was consistent with lymphoma. the alpaca was euthanized and necropsy revealed lymphoma masses in multiple organs. immunohistochemistry for t- and b-cell typing was inconclusive. serology and in-situ polymerase chain reaction hybridization were positive for bovine leukemia virus.201222942445
presence, distribution and steroidogenic effect of the peptides orexin a and receptor 1 for orexins in the testis of the south american camelid alpaca (vicugna pacos).the orexins a (oxa) and b are peptides discovered in the rat hypothalamus and successively found in some peripheral organs of the mammalian body. they binds two protein g-coupled receptors defined receptor 1 (ox1r) and 2 for orexins, the first of which is highly specific for oxa while the second binds both the peptides with equal affinity. this work aimed to detect the presence of oxa and ox1r in the testis of the south american camelid alpaca (vicugna pacos) and investigate the role played by t ...201222909972
discovery and molecular characterization of a group a rotavirus strain detected in an argentinean vicuña (vicugna vicugna).the wild vicuña (vicugna vicugna) is one of the four species of native south american camelids (sacs) in addition to the wild guanaco, and their domesticated counterparts, alpaca and llama, respectively. serological data have indicated the presence of group a rotaviruses (rva) specific antibodies in all 4 members of the sac, and so far, rva has been detected from alpacas, llamas and guanacos. a total of 59 fecal samples from healthy wild newborn and juvenile vicuñas, raised in captivity in jujuy ...201322877519
progesterone, pregnanediol-3-glucuronide, relaxin and oestrone sulphate concentrations in saliva, milk and urine of female alpacas (vicugna pacos) and their application in pregnancy diagnosis.the pregnancy-associated hormones, progesterone (p4), pregnanediol-3-glucuronide (pdg), relaxin (rln) and oestrone sulphate (e1s) in plasma, saliva, milk and urine of alpacas were measured in order to assess their potential use for pregnancy diagnosis. samples were obtained from 36 female alpacas before mating and at different stages throughout pregnancy (confirmed by ultrasonography). the hormone concentrations were determined using enzyme immunoassays. milk samples were also tested using a com ...201222859412
[urban reform and social hygiene in santiago de chile. the liberal techno-utopianism of benjamín vicuña mackenna (1872-1875)].this paper analyzes the main features of the urban reforms by benjamin vicuña mackenna in santiago de chile between 1872 and 1875. we pay special attention to the origin of the objectives of modernization, closely related to the political agenda of latin american elites to create an urban culture (civilization). we also analyze the strategies of social defence that these reforms implied. the influence of french positivism and the haussmann project in paris was very important in the vicuña macken ...201222849214
enteritis in an alpaca (vicugna pacos) associated with a potentially novel adenovirus.adenovirus-associated enteritis was diagnosed by histopathology of small intestine in a 2-year-old alpaca (vicugna pacos). electron microscopy confirmed intracytoplasmic and intranuclear adenoviral particles within enterocytes. nucleic acid was extracted from paraffin-embedded tissue sections, and a pan-adenovirus nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay was employed to target a partial sequence of the polymerase gene. the pcr product (321 bp) was cloned and sequenced. comparison of the nucl ...201222786976
analysis of mitochondrial dna in bolivian llama, alpaca and vicuna populations: a contribution to the phylogeny of the south american camelids.the objectives of this work were to assess the mtdna diversity of bolivian south american camelid (sac) populations and to shed light on the evolutionary relationships between the bolivian camelids and other populations of sacs. we have analysed two different mtdna regions: the complete coding region of the mt-cyb gene and 513 bp of the d-loop region. the populations sampled included bolivian llamas, alpacas and vicunas, and chilean guanacos. high levels of genetic diversity were observed in the ...201322640259
relationships between integumental characteristics and thermoregulation in south american camelids.hair fibre is regarded as a unique mammalian feature with an important role for endothermy. artificial selection for hair characteristics resulted in marked changes with regard to follicle number, type, distribution, growth and natural shedding. this review focuses on the fine fibre-producing south american camelids (sacs) and the relationship between their hair coat and thermoregulation. sacs have developed several special integumental characteristics. while the hair coat of the wild lamoids vi ...201022444692
presence and molecular characterisation of giardia and cryptosporidium in alpacas (vicugna pacos) from peru.the presence of giardia and cryptosporidium was investigated in 274 faecal samples of alpacas (vicugna pacos) from 12 herds from peru by immunofluorescence microscopy and pcr amplification and sequencing of fragments of the ssu-rrna and β-giardin genes from giardia spp., as well as the ssu-rrna gene from cryptosporidium spp. a total of 137 samples (50.0%) were positive for giardia spp., and 12 samples (4.4%) for cryptosporidium spp. in ten samples (3.6%), co-infection by both pathogens was found ...201222341616
Reference intervals for biochemical analytes in serum and heparinized plasma and serum protein fractions in adult alpacas (Vicugna pacos).Species-specific reference intervals for laboratory tests are required for diagnosis and management of disease. Few reports of reference intervals for biochemical analytes and protein fractions are available for alpacas.201122092930
reference intervals for hematologic and coagulation tests in adult alpacas (vicugna pacos).species-specific reference intervals are needed for interpretation of laboratory tests. reference interval studies of alpacas have been limited by low numbers and use of outdated methods.201122092869
Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the Melanocortin 1 Receptor gene are linked with lightness of fibre colour in Peruvian Alpaca (Vicugna pacos).Melanocortin 1 receptor (alpha melanocyte stimulating hormone receptor) (MC1R) is a gene-controlling melanogenesis in mammals. However, it is not well characterized in alpacas and its association with colour is not known. The aim of this study was to look for polymorphisms in the MC1R gene in Peruvian Huacaya alpacas and to analyse the relationship between MC1R single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the variations in the instrumental measurement of colour of alpaca fibre. Sixty alpaca fibre ...201122035014
south american camelid illegal traffic detection by means of molecular markers.south american camelids comprise the wild species guanaco and vicuña and their respective domestic relatives llama and alpaca. the aim of the present study was to determine by dna analysis to which of these species belong a herd of camelids confiscated from a llama breeder but alleged to be alpacas by the prosecution, and to evaluate the usefulness of mitochondrial and autosomal dna markers to solve judicial cases involving camelid taxa. cytochrome b and cytochrome oxidase i mitochondrial genes ...201121982877
Refresh
firstprev
12
nextlast
Displaying items 1 - 100 of 188