Publications

[first cases of animal botulism (type c) in chad: intoxication of dromedaries by water from a well].		1975	1166112
the amino acid sequence of dromedary pancreatic ribonuclease.	dromedary (camelus dromedarius) rnaase (ribonuclease) was isolated from pancreatic tissue by affinity chromatography. peptides obtained by digestion with different proteolytic enzymes and cnbr were isolated by gel filtration, preparative high-voltage paper electrophoresis and paper chromatography. peptides were sequenced by the dansyl-edman method. all peptide bonds were overlapped by one or more peptides. the polypeptide chain consists of 123 amino acids. a deletion (position 39) was observed i ...	1975	1167157
[giant cells in the placenta of the bactrian camel in the fetal period of development].	polyploid giant cells resulting from differentiation of normal cytotrophoblast cells were found in the composition of the placenta cytotrophoblast of the bactrian camel. in the placenta of the bactrian camel the transformation of cytotrophoblast cells into multinuclear giant cells is realized via endomitotic polyploidization and distinctly reflects active synthetic processes occurring in these cells related with the trophic function of the placenta. it may be supposed that giant cells of the pla ...	1975	1191072
morphological, micromorphological and histochemical studies on the parotid salivary glands of the one-humped camel (camelus dromedarius).	the morphology, blood and nerve supply of the parotid salivary glands of the one-humped camel were studied in detail. the intraglandular portion of the duct system was also examined. the histological and histochemical studies showed that the parotid salivary glands of the camel are of the tubuloacinar type and are serumocoid in nature. the secretory acini and tubules show themselves in 3 different forms according to the different phases of their secretory cycle. the duct system of the gland cont ...	1975	1213248
some studies of the centrum tendineum of the diaphragm of camel (camelus dromedarius).	thirty eight centrum tendineum of camel from both sexes and of different ages, and fifteen diaphragms of camel fetuses of different cr length were used for the description of the morphological and micromorphological features of the centrum tendineum. the centrum tendineum was found to be formed from two sheets. the collagenous fibres in the abdominal sheet are radially arranged, while the thoracic sheet is formed from circularly arranged fibres superficially and radiating fibres deeply. our stud ...	1975	1217737
on the relation between testes size and sperm reserves in the one-humped camel (camelus dromedarius).	the size, weight and volume as well as the sperm content of the testes of 18 mature, 6-10-year-old camels with unknown breeding history were determined after slaughtering and then related to one another. it was found that the weight and the volume of the testes can be estimated fairly accurately by means of their length. the length of the testes can also be used to calculate the sperm reserves, although more accurate values can be obtained by taking the square numbers of the testes length, bread ...	1975	1225306
hemoconcentration and erythrocyte fragility in chickens exposed to heat and dehydration.	chickens were exposed to heat and dehydration, and the effects on their erythrocytes were examined. as chicken and camel (camelus dromedarius) erythrocytes are of similar shape, the erythrocytes of the exposed chickens were compared with those of the camel. the salient findings were that chickens kept at 35 c without drinking water remained visibly unaffected. their blood, however, showed hemoconcentration and increased erythrocyte osmotic fragility. hemoconcentration could lead to an increase i ...	1976	1247191
proceedings: the rumen as a reservoir during dehydration and rehydration in the camel.		1976	1249773
synthesis and biological activity of camel and bovine beta-melanotropins.	two natural occurring melanotropins, camel betac2-msh and bovine beta-msh, have been synthesized by improved solid-phase procedures. the coupling reaction of tert-butyloxycarbonylamino acids was achieved by using their preformed symmetrical anhydrides. the synthetic hormones were purified by gel filtration on sephadex g-10 and g-25, chromatography on carboxymehtylcellulose, and partition chromatography on sephadex g-25 with final yields of 56 and 35% for betac2-msh and betab-msh, respectively. t ...	1976	1255660
the prevalence and diagnosis of trypanosoma evansi infection in camels in southern ethiopia.	an investigation of trypanosomiasis in camels indicated a high prevalence of infection in southern ethiopia. various direct and indirect laboratory methods for the diagnosis of infection with trypanosoma evansi were compared and evaluated. at the present time inoculation of camel blood into laboratory rodents appears to be the best direct diagnostic method. the formol-gel test and the takata test appear to be the most sensitive and accurate of the biochemical methods available. however, there st ...	1976	1258151
camel bite: risk factors and management.		1992	1286970
[human blood stain identification using dna amplification technique].	dna was extracted from human's and 15 different species of mammals' dried blood stains as well as from camel hair roots. dna amplification was carried out using primers of alu 9.1 and alu 9.2. the results have indicated that this method can be used for the identification of human's dried blood stain under general condition.	1992	1298710
evaluation of mono- and polyclonal antibody-based antigen detection immunoassays for diagnosis of trypanosoma evansi infection in the dromedary camel.	two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisa), one based on a mouse anti-trypanosoma brucei group-specific monoclonal antibody and the other on rabbit anti-trypanosoma evansi polyclonal antibodies, have been evaluated for their ability to detect circulating trypanosome antigens in camel sera as a means for the diagnosis of t. evansi infections. all 91 sera from a negative control camel herd from kenya gave negative antigen-elisa results in the monoclonal antibody-based elisa and only 2 of them ...	1992	1301627
productivity and health of camels (camelus dromedarius) in somalia: associations with trypanosomosis and brucellosis.	in somalia, one of the world's largest dromedary populations of about 5.3 million animals are kept by nomadic pastoralists under traditional management. interest in the development potential of camel herds in the semi-arid areas of central somalia initiated an investigation to determine the productivity of herds, their major diseases and likely associations among these parameters. using a systems approach, data were collected for herd production parameters, environmental factors, management and ...	1992	1304662
dermatophilosis in camels (camelus dromedarius linnaeus, 1758) in kenya.	natural dermatophilosis (caused by dermatophilus congolensis van saceghem, 1915) has only recently been described in camels (camelus dromedarius). further work has shown that the disease is actually widespread. at the ol maisor farm where it was first diagnosed (in the laikipia district of northern kenya), detailed investigations have revealed that thirty camels (ten calves and twenty adult animals) were infected. the signs varied from mild to more than 50% skin involvement. patches of wool on t ...	1992	1305855
antibacterial and antiviral activity of camel milk protective proteins.	lysozyme (lz), lactoferrin (lf), lactoperoxidase (lp), immunoglobulin g and secretory immunoglobulin a were extracted from camel milk. the activity of these protective proteins was assayed against lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris, escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, salmonella typhimurium and rotavirus. comparative activities of egg white lz, bovine lz and bovine lf are also presented. the antibacterial activity spectrum of camel milk lz was similar to that of egg white lz, and differed f ...	1992	1319434
studies on the infundibular cysts of the uterine tube in camel (camelus dromedarius).	two hundred eighteen genital tracts of slaughtered female camels were collected and examined. infundibular cysts were observed in 35 tracts (16%); these were either unilateral (22 cases) or bilateral (13 cases) all containing fluids of different consistencies. the morphological and histological structures of the cysts were recorded. the bacteriological investigation and physicochemical analysis of cyst contents were carried out. aeromonas hydrophila was isolated from 68.5% of cases. rectal palpa ...	1992	1339989
severe heart muscle degeneration caused by clostridium perfringens type a in camel calves (camelus dromedarius).	clostridium perfringens type a was isolated from different organs and intestines from three to five weeks old camel calves which have died from heart muscle necrosis. no other bacterial pathogens were isolated. virus isolation on two different cell lines including a fetal camel skin were also negative. mice which were injected with bacteria free filtrates prepared from intestinal contents of necropsied camel calves died after one to six hours demonstrating the presence of clostridial toxins. our ...	1992	1339990
prevalence of gastro-intestinal nematode infection in the dromedary camel (camelus dromedarius) in the butana plains, sudan.	the prevalence and intensity of gastro-intestinal nematode infection in their relation to season and rainfall were investigated from 429 female dromedary camels at tambul market in the butana plains (sudan), during 1985-1986. the investigation revealed a similar seasonal pattern in the prevalence as well as the intensity of egg output. the seasonality is mainly brought about by haemonchus spp. and impalaia spp. while trichostrongylus spp. seem to be present as adults throughout the year. there i ...	1992	1339998
selective brain cooling in desert animals: the camel (camelus dromedarius).	1. animals living in the arabian desert are subjected to extremely high temperatures during the day in summer and very cold nights in winter. they have developed various adaptive mechanisms in order to cope with these severe heat conditions. 2. the camel (camelus dromedarius), like many other land animals, resorts to selective brain cooling when it is subjected to heat stress. 3. this mechanism protects the heat-sensitive brain tissue from heat stress and at the same time increases the animals' ...	1992	1348454
some comparative aspects of drug metabolism in nubian goats (capra hircus), desert sheep (ovis aries) and dromedary camels (camelus dromedarius).		1992	1354089
the influence of high dietary protein, energy and mineral intake on deficient young camel (camelus dromedarius)--i. changes in metabolic profiles and growth performance.	1. the main forage for camels in northern djibouti (mangrove with avicennia marina) is very poor in nitrogen and energy. in a trial, 32 young camels (less than 2 years old) were used in four groups of eight each. 2. all the camels received mangrove as basal diet ad lib. 3. after 1 month, the camels received mineral supplementation in copper and zinc (groups 1 and 3) or/and a concentrate rich in protein and energy (groups 2 and 3) or continued with the basal diet (controls). 4. any supplementatio ...	1992	1354589
the influence of high dietary protein, energy and mineral intake on deficient young camel (camelus dromedarius)--ii. changes in mineral status.	1. mangrove avicennia marina is poor in some trace elements such as copper, zinc and manganese. in a trial we used 32 young camels divided into four groups. 2. groups 1 and 3 were supplemented with copper and zinc in drinking water after 1 month of mangrove feeding. 3. groups 2 and 3 received concentrate rich in protein and energy. the supplementation was stopped after 2 months. 4. all the camels were deficient in trace elements at the beginning of mineral supplementation. 5. the plasma concentr ...	1992	1354590
prevalence of toxoplasma gondii antibodies in pastoral camels (camelus dromedarius) in the butana plains, mid-eastern sudan.	a total of 482 serum samples from pastoral camels in the butana plains, mid-eastern sudan, were tested for toxoplasma antibodies by the latex agglutination test (lat). sixty-seven percent of the camels were seroreactive. the prevalence rate of seroreactivity increased significantly with age (p less than 0.01) and was highest among camels aged over 7 years (74.2%). the prevalence rate of seropositivity decreased proportionally with the level of serum dilution. at dilutions of 1:32 and above, the ...	1992	1413449
pharmacokinetics and local tolerance of a long-acting oxytetracycline formulation in camels.	disposition and local tolerance of a new oxytetracycline (otc) long-acting formulation were evaluated in camels by measuring the dynamics of creatine kinase. six camels (camelus dromedarius) were administered otc by iv and im routes according to a 2-period cross-over, study design. serum otc concentration was measured, using a microbiological assay procedure. after iv administration (5 mg/kg of body weight), mean residence time was 7.7 +/- 2.8 hours, steady-state volume distribution was 706.1 +/ ...	1992	1416372
the prevalence of salmonella infections in camels (camelus dromedarius) in the united arab emirates.	one hundred and eighty-seven salmonella strains were isolated from 4006 samples collected from camels in the united arab emirates between 1987 and 1991. one hundred and sixty-five (4.3%) strains were isolated from 3801 faecal and 22 from 205 organ samples of 62 autopsied camels. in total, 28 different serotypes were identified with s. saintpaul being the most frequent (69), followed by s. frintrop (31) and s. hindmarsh (15). salmonella typhimurium was isolated from only two faecal specimens. all ...	1992	1422785
evaluation of different immunodiagnostic techniques for diagnosis of hydatidosis in egypt.	in this study detection of the circulating hydatid antibodies was performed by three serological tests: immunoelectrophoresis (iep), enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and enzyme linked immunoelectrotransfer blot (eitb) technique. the antigen which was used in these tests was echinococcus granulosus antigen free of host (camel) antigen by immunoaffinity chromatography. most serum samples were pre-selected from the patients on the basis of clinical syndrome or past history of possible diag ...	1992	1431284
distributions of antibovine-pepsinogen-positive cells in glandular regions of forestomach in the bactrian camel, camelus bactrianus.	the present paper describes mucous cells in the forestomach glandular region which immunoreacted to antibovine pepsinogen serum in adult and young bactrian camels, camelus bactrianus (female, 25 years old; female, 6 months old; from hilar inner mongolia, people's republic of china, in august 1988). these immunoreactive cells in forestomach glandular regions also reacted to alcian blue (ph 1.0) and/or periodic acid-schiff. cross-reactivity of antibovine pepsinogen serum against extracts from the ...	1992	1441885
in vitro effects of citric acid application techniques on dentin surfaces.	the present study evaluated the in vitro effects of different application techniques of citric acid on dentin root surfaces. ten freshly extracted, periodontally involved teeth were obtained and 4 dentin slabs, approximately 4 x 6 x 2 mm, were obtained from the roots of each tooth, for a total of 40 slabs. these slabs were identified by tooth and preserved in 1:1 anhydrous glycerol/absolute alcohol solution. citric acid ph 1 was applied to 32 of the slabs for 5 minutes with one of 4 different te ...	1992	1453304
monensin poisoning in dromedary camels.	four female fistulated camels (camelus dromedarius), 4-5 years of age, were each given two grams of 10% monensin intraruminally daily for six days to study the effect of monensin on the rumen fermentation pattern. signs of toxicity appeared on the sixth day, and included depression, anorexia, muscular weakness, inability to stand, salivation and regurgitation of ruminal contents. on the eighth day, two animals died. the ruminal contents were replaced in the survivors, but they died on the tenth ...	1992	1459038
milk composition of majaheim camels.	to determine composition, milk samples were obtained at random from camels at two camel rearing areas near riyadh, saudi arabia. proximate analyses indicated 3.15% fat, 2.81% protein, 4.16% lactose, 10.95% total solids, .15% acidity, .83% ash, and 88.33% water. mineral composition was (milligrams per gram) 30.03, ca; 72.48, k; 43.10, na; .28, fe; .18, pb; and 4.50, mg. results should contribute to the overall knowledge of camels as a food source, but much still needs to be learned if efficient i ...	1992	1460142
preliminary observations on helminth parasite populations of the dromedary in northern mali.	an abattoir survey on gastrointestinal parasites of the dromedary (camelus dromedarius) was carried out in march/april 1987 in northern mali. parasitological examination of the digestive tract contents of 11 dromedaries revealed that haemonchus longistipes was the predominant parasite with a prevalence as high as 85.7%. the genera impalaia, trichostrongylus, cooperia, and oesophagostomum were also recovered, but with a lower level of infection and frequency. the larval stage of the canine cestod ...	1992	1466143
analysis of the camelpox virus thymidine kinase gene.	the thymidine kinase (tk) gene from camelpox virus has been cloned using the polymerase chain reaction (pcr). the oligonucleotides used in the pcr amplification were based on residues conserved amongst the orthopoxviruses on the 5' and 3' sides of the tk gene. the oligonucleotides were also designed to contain hindiii cleavage sites to facilitate subsequent cloning. a fragment of approximately 700 base pairs was amplified from camelpox virus infected tissue culture cells. this fragment was then ...	1992	1467923
serological and bacteriological study of brucellosis in camels in central saudi arabia.	sera from 2,630 apparently normal adult camels (camelus dromedarius) raised in central saudi arabia (riyadh and al-kharj cities) were examined serologically by the rose bengal and standard united states of america brucella plate agglutination tests. the overall seroprevalence of brucellosis in the restricted populations of tested camels was 8%. the seroprevalence of brucellosis among camels raised in small numbers in the backyards of 24 houses in riyadh and those intensively raised on one large ...	1992	1472730
theileria infection in camels (camelus dromedarius) in egypt.		1992	1496798
camel (camelus dromedarius) and sheep (ovis aries) meat as a source of dog infection with some coccidian parasites.	experimental infection of dogs with camel (camelus dromedarius) meat resulted in infection of the dogs with isospora canis, hammondia heydorni and sarcocystis cameli. the dogs fed sheep (ovis aries) meat passed oocysts of isospora canis, isospora ohioensis and sporocyts of sarcocystis spp. extraintestinal stages were detected in the intestinal lymph node of a rabbit killed 4 days following inoculation with isospora ohioensis oocysts. dogs fed the rabbit (killed 4 days after inoculation with i. o ...	1992	1496801
identification and characterization of specific hydatid antigen fraction(s).	a specific hydatid antigen was prepared in this study from echinococcus granulosus cyst in livers and lungs of camels. elimination of host "camel" protein from crude hydatid fluid was achieved by two methods: salting out using ammonium sulfate precipitation method and immunoaffinity purification using coupled anticamel antibody to cyanogenbromide activated sepharose 4b gel. testing the prepared hydatid antigen against anticamel serum, using immunodiffusion method, indicated that the affinity pur ...	1992	1500792
the tobacco epidemic: lessons from history.	tobacco has caused the greatest epidemic of the twentieth century, which is beginning to wane in the united states, but is still growing in much of the world. the epidemic developed as a result of innovations in the tobacco industry and larger cultural changes over the 75 years prior to the introduction of camel cigarettes in 1913. factors that set the stage for the epidemic include the development of flue-cured and burley tobaccos, the mechanization of cigarette production with its consequent c ...	1992	1507004
fungal flora of the healthy camelid conjunctival sac.	swab specimens for fungal isolation were collected from the healthy conjunctival sacs of 3 species of captive camelids (lama glama, l guanicoe, l pacos) and llama-guanaco hybrids. fungi were collected from over half the animals in winter (53%) and summer (56%). fungal species of 10 genera were isolated. in both seasons, aspergillus was the most commonly isolated genus; at least 9 species of aspergillus were found. the fungal organisms isolated were similar to those found in healthy eyes of other ...	1992	1524286
aspergillosis in camels affected with a specific respiratory and enteric syndrome.	during the summer of 1990 deaths, occurred in racing camels (camelus dromedarius) associated with a specific disease syndrome. clinical signs included pyrexia, coughing, lachrymation, oedema of the throat and submandibular region and enlargement of submandibular lymph nodes. in terminal cases nervous signs were present and sometimes there was bloody diarrhoea and vomiting. of 480 camels at least 70 animals were affected with the disease and about 40 died. morbidity and mortality was greater in c ...	1992	1530552
ultrastructural observations on myoepithelial cells and nerve terminals in the camel harderian gland.	the myoepithelial cells and the nerve terminals of the harderian gland in the one-humped camel were examined by using the transmission electron microscope. the myoepithelial cells are well developed, and composed of a cell body containing the nucleus, and many cytoplasmic processes. the cytological features are consistent with the function of the myoepithelial cell mainly as a contractile element, and possibly as a regulator for fluid transport. they are attached to the glandular cells of the en ...	1992	1567024
oligonucleotide fingerprinting to individualize ungulates.	the optimal combination of restriction enzyme and oligonucleotide probe has been determined for the individualization of hoofed animal species (cattle, pig, goat, sheep, horse and camel). four different restriction endonucleases were used as well as five synthetic oligonucleotide probes hybridizing to different simple tandem repeats for fingerprint analyses in unrelated cattle (swiss and german simmental of unknown relationship and three families): 4 x 10(15) cows and oxes would reveal different ...	1992	1567920
experimentally induced rumen acidosis in a 1-year-old camel bull (camelus dromedarius)--a preliminary report.		1992	1576522
vitamin content of camel milk.	the content of vitamin c, vitamin b2 and fat-soluble vitamins e and a in camel milk was studied. the milk samples were collected from 20 individual camels (camelus dromedarius) in two different occasions. the study showed that camel milk contains considerably less vitamin a and b2 than cow milk while the content of vitamin e was about the same level. the level of vitamin c was in average three times higher than that of cow milk.	1992	1587705
pharmacy promotion of tobacco use among children in massachusetts.	the role played by pharmacies in the promotion and distribution of tobacco to children was assessed in a survey of 100 pharmacies. of the 100 surveyed, 95 sold tobacco products, 50 advertised tobacco, 42 advertised the cigarette brands that are most appealing to children, and 23 displayed the camel cartoon advertisements that have been identified as being targeted specifically at children. candy tobacco products were sold in 22% of the pharmacies. of the pharmacies selling tobacco, 81% were will ...	1992	1590207
an attempt to define the host range for african horse sickness virus (orbivirus, reoviridae) in east africa, by a serological survey in some equidae, camelidae, loxodontidae and carnivore.	a survey was carried out in horse, zebra, elephant, camel, sheep and goat and wild carnivore sera for virus-serum neutralising antibody to the nine type strains of african horse sickness virus. antibody was found amongst the horse, zebra and elephant sera to all nine different strains. no antibody was detected in any sera from camels, sheep and goats. none was found in sera from hyaena and jackals in this series but had been detected earlier.	1992	1615634
development of a live cell culture camelpox vaccine.	a saudi isolate of camel orthopoxvirus was serially propagated on monolayers of camel kidney cell cultures. the attenuation of the 78th passage was tested in two susceptible camels. two other susceptible camels were inoculated with vaccinia virus four times propagated in camel kidney cell cultures. the four inoculated camels showed no postinoculation clinical symptoms and formed neutralizing antibodies against both the camel orthopox and vaccinia viruses. no postchallenge clinical symptoms were ...	1992	1621417
food deprivation and refeeding in the camel (camelus dromedarius).	camels thrive in arid and semiarid areas, although food and water frequently are scarce. however, the mechanisms enabling camels to withstand food deprivation are poorly understood. in this study four female camels were totally deprived of food for 4 days. their body weight decreased by 6%. food deprivation caused no change in total plasma protein concentration in the camel, indicating that no alterations in plasma volume occurred. when the first meal was withheld water intake was unchanged. nex ...	1992	1621853
evaluation of a competitive enzyme immunoassay for detection of coxiella burnetii antibody in animal sera.	a competitive enzyme immunoassay (ceia) was established and compared with other serological techniques for detecting coxiella burnetii antibody in camels, goats, and sheep. this technique was evaluated because a conjugated anti-camel immunoglobulin was not available to serve as a direct signal for the demonstration of antigen-antibody reaction. a c. burnetii antibody-positive human serum and a peroxidase-conjugated anti-human immunoglobulin g were used as an indicator system competing against an ...	1992	1624582
functional innervation of cultured skin grafts.	the aims of the present study were to determine 1) if grafts of cultured skin become innervated; and 2) whether tactile function of these grafts could be improved by implanting target tissue into them. autologous skin equivalents were generated in vitro (30 d) for individual adult sprague-dawley rats. some animals received pure skin equivalent grafts; others had target tissue consisting of 2-mm punch biopsies (normal skin or touch domes) inserted into their skin equivalents at the time of grafti ...	1992	1629624
electron microscopy of the endometrium of camels in normal and some diseased conditions.	ultrastructure of the camel's endometrium in normal and diseased conditions, was studied using the electron microscope. the samples were obtained from 6 normal uteri and 10 uteri with inflammatory lesions. three ovaries of the latter 10 uteri showed ovarian cysts. all the animals were non-pregnant. no cyclic changes were taken in consideration because the camel is an induced ovulator animal. the surface and the glandular epithelium of the normal uteri consisted of one layer of tall columnar cell ...	1992	1642066
activity of some enzymes in the serum of dromedary camels.	the activities of aspartate aminotransferase (ast), alanine aminotransferase (alt), alkaline phosphatase (alp), acid phosphatase (acp), lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) and isocitric dehydrogenase (icd) in the serum of 60 healthy dromedary camels of either sex and different ages (one to 25 years) were determined. the results were analysed with respect to time of year (december-january and may-june), sex and age groups (below four years; four to 10 years; and over 10 years). the overall mean activitie ...	1991	1664969
characterization of echinococcus granulosus species or subspecies at the level of nucleic acid contents.	the present study is an attempt to clarify the nature of the differences in the subspecies of echinococcus granulosus in egypt by comparing the contents of the nucleic acid in the cysts obtained from livers and lungs of camel, pig and sheep, intermediate hosts, as well as in the adult worms obtained by experimentally feeding of these cysts to puppies. the biochemical study revealed that the mean values of dna and rna in fertile camel lung-cysts as well as in its adult worms were significantly lo ...	1990	1698603
epitopes of the t19 lymphocyte surface antigen are extensively conserved in ruminants.	the reactivity of five monoclonal antibodies (mabs sbu-t19, 197, il-a29, cc-15 and cc-39) specific for the t19 molecule on sheep and cattle cd4-cd8- t cells was compared. mabs sbu-t19 and 197 were shown to recognise separate epitopes on t19. all mabs reacted with lymphocytes from several different ruminant species and the tissue distribution and frequency of positive cells was similar in each case. none of the mabs reacted with horse, pig or camel lymphocytes. the extensive conservation of t19 e ...	1991	1708546
dural sinuses in the camel and their extracranial venous connections.	the dural sinuses of one-humped camel (camelus dromedarius) and their connections with veins of the head and neck were described and, whenever possible, were compared with other domestic animals emphasizing species differences. information obtained from gross dissection of embalmed camel heads was correlated with latex injected vascular casts, as well as venographs. although the disposition of the dural sinuses, in general, was similar to those of other domestic animals, they were somewhat compl ...	1991	1759725
comparative studies on the distribution of rhodanese in different tissues of domestic animals.	1. the activity of rhodanese in different tissues of some domestic animals was measured. 2. rhodanese was present in all tissues studied. 3. the activity of rhodanese in most tissues of sheep was higher than other animals studied. 4. in sheep and cattle the epithelium of rumen, omasum and reticulum were the richest sources of rhodanese. significant activity of rhodanese was also present in liver and kidney. 5. in camel the liver contained the highest level of rhodanese followed by lung and rumen ...	1991	1769215
evaluation of triflupromazine as a sedative in camels (camelus dromedarius).	effects of administration of triflupromazine were evaluated in 11 adult domesticated camels (camelus dromedarius) weighing 403 +/- 29.5 kg (mean +/- se). six camels were used to evaluate sedative properties of the drug and its effects on haematological and blood biochemical parameters. in the remaining 5 camels, effects on haemodynamics, acid base status and blood gases were studied. in all the animals triflupromazine was administered intramuscularly in the gluteal region at the rate of 2 mg/kg. ...	1991	1771979
[a new case of mycobacterium bovis pulmonary tuberculosis in the dromedary (camelus dromedarius) in mauritania].	a case of pulmonary tuberculosis is described in a dromedary from nouakchott (mauritania). gross lesions affected pulmonary parenchyma, diaphragmatic pleura, pericardium and regional lymph nodes: caseo-calcified nodules, miliary tubercles and haemorrhagic "pendeloques". microscopically lesions were characterised by granulomatous tissue, epithelioid cells, necrotic material in the centre. no langhans giant cells were seen. mycobacterium bovis was isolated from these samples.	1991	1775689
the barren camel with endometritis--isolation of trichomonas fetus and different bacteria.	this study constitutes the first reported isolation of trichomonas fetus from the uterus of breeding camels. twenty-four of 68 camels, which were barren for 1-4 years were found to be positive for t. fetus. one preputial washing of a camel bull which had served the herd was found to be positive for t. fetus. the uterine flora of all camels were examined. ten different bacterial and 2 fungal species were isolated. all samples were negative for campylobacter sp., taylorella equigenitalis and strep ...	1991	1776379
development of radioimmunoassay and enzyme immunoassays for luteinizing hormone in dromedaries (camelus dromedarius).	polyclonal antibodies against luteinizing hormone in dromedary (camlh) were raised in a rabbit and enabled the development of homologous immunoassays (radioimmunoassay, competitive enzymeimmunoassay (eia) and sandwich eia) for the measurement of circulating camlh in plasma. these assays were highly specific for camlh since neither dromedary follicle-stimulating hormone, growth hormone nor prolactin cross-reacted significantly. the lowest detection limit (0.08 ng/ml) was obtained with the sandwic ...	1991	1787460
anatomical and histological observations on the tongue of one-humped camel, camelus dromedarius.	the camel has a typically elongated mammalian tongue, which tapers to a dorsally flattened tip. the filiform papillae are mostly of the simple type which are scattered over the dorsum and the lateral edges of the tongue. the fungiform papillae are scattered among the filiform papillae. circumvallate papillae could be seen on the posterior of the tongue. the dorsum lingue is covered with cornified stratified squamous epithelium and inferior surface with non-cornified squamous epithelium. the tong ...	1991	1802040
thermophilic and thermotolerant fungi of animals' hair.	nine thermophilic genera and 17 species in addition to one variety of aspergillus flavus, malbranchea pulchella and humicola grisea were collected from hair samples in riyadh, saudi arabia at 45 degrees c. fifty-one hair specimens of rabbit, sheep, camel and horse were examined for the presence of thermophilic fungi. the most frequent species were aspergillus fumigatus, aspergillus niger, thermoascus aurantiacus and malbranchea pulchella var. sulfurea. in low frequency, aspergillus flavus, asper ...	1991	1805498
experimental infection in mice of cryptosporidium muris isolated from a camel.	cryptosporidium muris-like oocysts in 5 g of camel feces were concentrated by the sheather sugar flotation method, saline-washed, pelleted and reconstituted to an approximate concentration of 2.5 million per ml. one- to 2-microliters inocula were given per os to 25 2- to 20-day-old mice, with 15 contact control litter-mates. the 15- and 20- day inoculates had acid-fast-positive fecal smears by day-12 after inoculation. necropsies of mice inoculated at 2 and 5 days of age showed colonization only ...	1991	1818148
camel (camelus dromedarius) contagious ecthyma in the sudan. a case report.	the clinical and pathological features of the contagious ecthyma in camel calves in the sudan were investigated. the animals were inappetant, emaciated and slightly anaemic. the disease was characterized by skin lesions around the lips and nostrils with occasional involvement of mucocutaneous junctions. the pathology includes vaculoar changes of the epithelial layers. affected areas were ulcerated, haemorrhagic and with frequent secondary bacterial surinfection. negative contrast electron micros ...	1991	1818357
predisposing factors in enterotoxemias of camels (camelus dromedarius) caused by clostridium perfringens type a.	c. perfringens type a was isolated from different organs and intestines from breeding and racing camels which died from peracute and acute enterotoxemias in two separate outbreaks. pathological changes in the digestive tract were mild in breeding camels, and severe in racing camels. a polyvalent clostridial antiserum of bovine origin given intravenously had a life-saving effect on breeding camels, but not on racing camels. in the two outbreaks, fifty percent of the breeding camels were suffering ...	1991	1818358
the epidemiology of hydatidosis with special reference to the mediterranean area.	in the mediterranean area 2 subspecies of echinococcus granulosus exist: e. g. equinus and e. g. granulosus. the latter is divided into sheep, cattle, pig and camel strains, the adult forms of which mainly occur in farm-dogs but sometimes in wild canidae. some of these strains can infect man: namely, the sheep and the pig strain. the infectivity of the cattle strains for man is not certain. the epidemiological cycle is mainly a rural one, but it can become sylvatic or even urban. thus, the epide ...	1991	1841192
unusual membrane-bound bodies in the basal lamina of the uriniferous tubules of the camel camelus dromedarius. freeze-fracture and ultrathin-section study.	kidney samples of the camel camelus dromedarius were aldehyde fixed and glycerol impregnated for ultrathin-section and freeze-fracture studies of the basal lamina. results obtained show the presence of extracellular membrane-bound bodies within the thick basal lamina of the tubular portion of the nephron. the 10- to 500-nm bodies appear isolated and are found at various levels along the width of a highly structural lattice basal lamina. the bodies are observed either in small groups or as single ...	1991	1867058
an abattoir survey of female genital disorders of imported camels (camelus dromedarius) in kano, nigeria.	an abattoir survey of 850 female genital organs of imported camels was conducted at the kano abattoir between october 1987 and april 1988. an incidence of 4.49% of disorders was recorded, including follicular cystic degeneration (0.12%), ovarian haemorrhagic cysts (0.47%), pyometra (0.35%), early embryonic mortality (0.12%), endometrial haemorrhages (0.47%), fetal maceration (0.12%), abscess (0.24%), vulvar tick infestation (1.77%) and cervical hypoplasia (0.12%).	1991	1878773
bacterial and mycoplasmal flora of the healthy camelid conjunctival sac.	healthy conjunctival sacs of 88 animals of 3 species of captive camelids (lama glama, lama guanicoe, lama pacos) and llama-guanaco hybrids were sampled for bacterial and mycoplasmal flora. mycoplasmas were not isolated from any animal. eleven genera of bacteria were isolated. the most frequent isolates were staphylococcus epidermidis and pseudomonas spp. nine varieties of pseudomonas were found, which represented at least 3 pseudomonas species. many of the bacterial isolates (especially the pseu ...	1991	1892259
gross and histologic study of the rostral epidural rete mirabile and the cavernous sinus in one-humped camels.	gross and histologic features of the rostral epidural rete mirabile (carotid rete) and the cavernous sinus in one-humped camels were studied. it was evident that the branches of the carotid rete share a common tunica adventitia with the veins of the cavernous sinus. transmission electron microscopy of the rostral epidural rete mirabile and the cavernous sinus revealed gap junctions in endothelial cells lining the walls of the arterial rete branches and veins. the internal elastic lamina of rete ...	1991	1892276
the camel shed test.		1991	1895466
onchocerca fasciata railliet and henry, 1910 and its nodule development in camels in saudi arabia.	a total of 192 male camels of three age groups (young, adult and old) from saudi arabia were examined for onchocerca fasciata infection by detection of microfilariae in skin snips and nodules in the nuchal ligaments and subcutaneous tissues of the neck and shoulder. the overall prevalence rates were 10.9 and 33.3%, respectively. the prevalence rate by the skin snip technique and the number of microfilariae per gram of skin were higher in young and adult camels than in old camels. however, the pr ...	1991	1897120
purification and characterization of purine nucleoside phosphorylase from developing embryos of hyalomma dromedarii.	purine nucleoside phosphorylase from hyalomma dromedarii, the camel tick, was purified to apparent homogeneity. a molecular weight of 56,000 - 58,000 was estimated for both the native and denatured enzyme, suggesting that the enzyme is monomeric. unlike purine nucleoside phosphorylase preparations from other tissues, the h. dromedarii enzyme was unstable in the presence of beta-mercaptoethanol. the enzyme had a sharp ph optimum at ph 6.5. it catalyzed the phosphorolysis and arsenolysis of ribo- ...	1991	1905141
influence of allosteric effectors on the heme conformation of dromedary ferrous nitrosylhemoglobin detected by xanes spectroscopy.	the changes of the fe heme-active site conformation of dromedary (camelus dromedarius) nitrosylhemoglobin (hbno) induced by inositol hexakisphosphate (ihp) and chlofibric acid (cfa) have been studied by using x-ray absorption near-edge structure (xanes) spectroscopy. structural information has been determined by multiple scattering analysis of the fe k-edge xanes spectra. the proximal histidine is found to move away from iron centers by about 0.4 angstrom on the average over the four hemes upon ...	1991	1932085
external fixation repair of a displaced comminuted radial fracture in a juvenile camel.	a young female camel had a complete comminuted midshaft fracture of the right radius. the fracture was repaired by external coaptation, which involved 2 full-limb fiberglass casts for 15 weeks. a thomas splint was placed around the second cast for 12 weeks. the fracture healed in nonaligned configuration, and although lameness was substantial after the fracture had healed, the camel's breeding potential had been salvaged. this successful outcome is an indication that a high-limb fracture in a ca ...	1991	1955371
brand logo recognition by children aged 3 to 6 years. mickey mouse and old joe the camel.	little is known about the influence of advertising on very young children. we, therefore, measured product logo recognition by subjects aged 3 to 6 years.	1991	1956101
rjr nabisco's cartoon camel promotes camel cigarettes to children.	to determine if rjr nabisco's cartoon-theme advertising is more effective in promoting camel cigarettes to children or to adults. to determine if children see, remember, and are influenced by cigarette advertising.	1991	1956102
does tobacco advertising target young people to start smoking? evidence from california.	to evaluate whether tobacco advertising encourages teenagers younger than 18 years to start smoking.	1991	1956103
left ventrolateral cesarean section in three dromedary camels (camelus dromedarius).	left ventrolateral cesarean section was performed in three adult female dromedary camels for dystocias due to schistosoma reflexus, uterine torsion, and fetal malposition.	1991	1962416
zeta-crystallin is a major protein in the lens of camelus dromedarius.	camel (camelus dromedarius) lenses contain a protein with an apparent subunit mr 38,000 that constitutes approximately 8-13% of the total protein. the protein has been purified and has a native mr 140,000 as determined by gel filtration. this is consistent with its being a tetramer. the protein reacts with antibodies raised against both guinea pig zeta-crystallin and peptides corresponding to amino acids 1-10 and 295-308, but not to antibodies raised against amino acids 320-328 of zeta-crystalli ...	1991	1990971
determination of the primary and secondary structures of the dromedary (camelus dromedarius) prolactin and comparison with prolactins from other species.	a non-glycosylated form of camel prolactin (camprl), isolated from one-humped camel (camelus dromedarius) pituitaries, was totally sequenced. a glycosylated form, separated by affinity chromatography on cona-sepharose, was partially sequenced. the comparison of the n-terminal amino acid sequences of the glycosylated and non-glycosylated forms showed that the only putative site of n-glycosylation (asn-31) was indeed glycosylated. the far ultraviolet (uv) circular dichroism (cd) spectra of the two ...	1991	2029533
[isolation and identification of camel poxvirus in morocco].	the virus isolated from young dromedaries during a poxvirus infection, was cultivated on vero cells. the infection of egg chorio-allantoic membrane caused pustulous lesions (pocks). when inoculated in newborn mice, adult mice or guinea pigs the virus had no pathogenic effect. the virus presented all the characteristics of a poxvirus when observed under the electronic microscope.	1991	2042910
the fine structure of the camel prostate gland.	the prostate glands of 10 mature camels (3-5 years of age) were studied with the transmission electron microscope. ultrastructural examination of the secretory acini showed 2 types of cells, i.e. tall secretory epithelial cells and basal cells. the cells both were characterised by rounded nuclei. the subnuclear cytoplasm was filled with abundant stacks of rough endoplasmic reticulum (rer). the rer was occasionally observed to be interconnected with whorls and networks of smooth endoplasmic retic ...	1991	2064019
purification and characterization of glycosylated and non-glycosylated forms of prolactin from the dromedary (camelus dromedarius).	1. camel prolactin (camprl) was isolated from the insoluble residue left after extraction of the gonadotropins fsh and lh from a single batch of one-humped camels (camelus dromedarius) pituitaries. 2. several isoforms of camprl were isolated and characterized. 3. glycosylated and non-glycosylated forms of camprl were separated by affinity chromatography on con-a sepharose. 4. the glycosylated form represented more than 20% of total camprl and was found to be only 10-20% as active as the non-glyc ...	1990	2085952
exhalation of malondialdehyde from the smoke of high grade cigarettes and effectiveness of filtering it.	it has been found that malondialdehyde penetrates during smoking through filters and exhales with smoke from cigarettes such as: "pall mall", "winston", "camel", "lucky strike", "kansas", "mustang", "ronson", "chesterfield", "rally", "oscar" and "marlboro". these cigarettes exhale malondialdehyde in a different way, in free form in the amount from 8.5 to 23.5 mg/kg cigarettes on an average of 13.3 mg/kg for the whole group and totally (in free and bounded form) from 9.5 to 26.5 mg/kg (average 16 ...	1990	2089261
histochemical and biochemical observations on milk-fat-globule membranes from several mammalian species.	a specific secretory product of the lactating mammary gland are triglyceride fat globules which are enveloped by a very complex membrane, the milk fat globule membrane (mfgm). in different mammalian species (man, rhesus monkey, horse, goat, sheep, cow, grey seal, camel, alpaka) the glycoproteins of this membrane have been analyzed by gel electrophoresis, western blotting and lectin histochemistry. a remarkable intra- and interspecific variability of these glycoproteins has been detected pointing ...	1990	2091048
ultrastructure of camel basophilic granulocytes with special reference to its functions.	the ultrastructure of camel basophils in peripheral circulating blood of the arabian camel were studied in order to provide detailed description of its constituents. camel basophils were found to possess pseudopodia of varying lengths and numbers. electron micrographs of camel basophilic granulocytes reveal that the cytoplasm is of moderately electron density. membrane bound granules of different sizes and varying electron density, spherical or oval in shape, were observed, vacuoles of various f ...	1990	2091412
[the characteristics of heat-shock protein synthesis in the blood cells of the camel camelus dromedarius].		1990	2097137
seroepidemiological survey for yellow fever antibodies in domestic animals.	a total of 192 out of 300 serum samples from camel, cattle, sheep and goats tested for yellow fever virus antibody by the counterimmunoelectrophoresis were found positive. this test was confirmed by the single radial haemolysis and serum neutralization tests. twenty-one and 36 sera were positive for specific yellow fever virus antibodies by the single radial haemolysis and serum neutralization tests respectively. the possible role of these animals in the epidemiology of yellow fever is discussed ...	1990	2099827
note on onchocerca armillata in the sudanese camel (c. dromedarius). a histological and anatomo-pathological approach.	aortic onchocercosis due to o. armillata was diagnosed in 45 (41%) out of 109 sudanese camels. although the thoracic aorta was regularly affected, involvement of other vessels such as the abdominal aorta, brachiocephalic, pulmonary and costocervical arteries was not excluded. gross examination of the affected blood vessels revealed tortuous tunnels of parasitic tracks readily visible in the intimal surface of the vessels. nodular lesions were more common on the adventitia. microscopically, the l ...	1990	2103058
survey of ticks (acarina: ixodidae) for crimean haemorrhagic fever virus activity in jammu & kashmir state, india.	a survey of ixodid ticks was carried on in 1977 to determine the crimean haemorrhagic fever (chf) virus activity in jammu & kashmir state, india. in all, 412 immatures and 3258 adults belonging to 7 genera and 16 species of ticks were collected as ectoparasites of small and large mammals. these included one species each of the genera boophilus, dermacentor and nosomma, 2 species of rhipicephalus, 3 species of ixodes and 4 species each of haemaphysalis and hyalomma. haem. bispinosa was the predom ...	1990	2111801
amino acid sequences of stomach and nonstomach lysozymes of ruminants.	complete amino acid sequences are presented for lysozymes c from camel and goat stomachs and compared to sequences of other lysozymes c. tree analysis suggests that the rate of amino acid replacement went up as soon as lysozyme was recruited for the stomach function in early ruminants. the two lysozymes from goat stomach are the products of a gene duplication that probably took place before the divergence of cow, goat, and deer about 25 million years ago. partial sequences of three lysozymes fro ...	1990	2111849
liver purine nucleoside phosphorylase in camelus dromedarius: purification and properties.	1. purine nucleoside phosphorylase (purine nucleoside:orthophosphate ribosyl transferase, ec 2.4.2.1) was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity from the liver of camelus dromedarius. 2. the enzyme appears to be a dimer with a 44,000 subunit mol. wt and displays non-linear kinetics with concave downward curvature in double reciprocal plots with respect to both inosine and orthophosphate as variable substrates. 3. the effect of thiol compounds on the enzyme activity and of ph on kinetic paramete ...	1990	2123764
ciliate protozoa in the forestomach of the bactrian camel in inner-mongolia, china.	ciliate composition in the forestomach was examined in four bactrian camels, camelus bactrianus, inhabiting mongol and steppes, then 7 genera containing 14 species with 5 formae were identified. one of these formae was a new forma, and described as entodinium okoppensis f. cameli n.f. six species containing one new forma were new records in the forestomach of camels. the percentage composition of genera varied with the individuals of host and the collection sites in the stomach but entodinium wa ...	1990	2126306
serological survey of brucella abortus antibody prevalence in the one-humped camel (camelus dromedarius) from eastern sudan.	a five year investigation of brucella antibody prevalence in camel sera was conducted in 1502 one-humped camels of both sexes and different ages. the average (mean +/- sd) incidence rate of positive results was 6.95 +/- 1.55%. among adult one-humped camels, the rate was 4.94 +/- 2.51% in males and 13.76 +/- 4.41% in females. juvenile one-humped camel calves showed a 0% incidence rate in males and a 1.82 +/- 3.64% in females. antibodies against brucella abortus were prevalent in one-humped camel ...	1990	2128713
tenth international meeting on trypanosoma evansi: report of the working group. paris, 24 may 1989.	some epidemiological surveys have provided information on the incidence of trypanosoma evansi infection among dromedaries in mali, and among buffaloes in java and indonesia. the disease among camels has been reported again from kazakhstan in the ussr, with the coexistence of t. evansi and cephalopina titillator in animals which developed acute infection. the disease has been studied among horses in venezuela and among buffaloes in vietnam and indonesia, and suspected among horses in brazil. diag ...	1990	2132713
an outbreak of suspected tick paralysis in one-humped camels (camelus dromedarius) in the sudan.	an outbreak of suspected tick paralysis occurred in one-humped camels in southern darfur, the sudan, between latitudes 11-12 degrees n and longitudes 24-25 degrees e, when the camels were herded in tick infested areas. it involved 251 camels of different ages, in ten herds causing 34.3% mortality. the symptoms were incoordination of movements, unsteady gait and recumbency followed by death or recovery. hyalomma adults and/or rhipicephalus nymphs and adults were incriminated to be the cause of th ...	1990	2132792
structure and histochemistry of the sublingual salivary glands of the one-humped camel (camelus dromedarius).	morphometric, histological and histochemical studies were carried out on the sublingual salivary glands of the arabian camel (camelus dromedarius). the glands are of the tubulo-acinar type and consist of many lobules that are composed of two types of cells, mucoserous and seromucous. the mucoserous cells form the main secretory units of the gland but seromucous cells are much more seldom and form associated acini. the former cells secrete and elaborate large quantities of neutral mucosubstances, ...	1990	2132794
vasopressin enhances the clearance of beta-endorphin immunoreactivity from rat cerebrospinal fluid.	the effect of intracerebroventricular (lateral ventricle) administration of arginine8-vasopressin (avp) on the concentration of beta-endorphin immunoreactivity in the cerebrospinal fluid obtained from the cisterna magna was studied in rats. a decrease was observed 5 min following injection of 0.9 fmol avp. no statistically significant changes were found 5 min after intracerebroventricular treatment of rats with 0.09 or 9 fmol. the decrease induced by 0.9 fmol avp was of short duration and was fo ...	1990	2138399
camel papillomatosis in somalia.	outbreaks of papillomatosis in camels (camelus dromedarius) were detected for the first time in somalia. electron microscopic investigations revealed typical papillomavirions in skin lesions. histopathological sections showed alterations which are regarded as pathognomonic for warts. the presumptive diagnosis of the skin disease was contagious ecthyma, as this infection was found simultaneously in some affected herds with symptoms similar to those of papillomatosis.	1990	2166984