| serologic and molecular survey of hepatitis e virus in german deer populations. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a human pathogen that is primarily transmitted by the fecal-oral route and causes a usually self-limiting acute viral hepatitis. the virus is endemic in developing countries of africa, asia, and latin america and is responsible for sporadic cases in industrialized countries. in western europe, an increasing number of autochthonous cases have been associated with zoonotic transmissions of hev from domestic and wild animals. in germany, animal reservoirs for hev have bee ... | 2016 | 26528571 |
| belgian wildlife as potential zoonotic reservoir of hepatitis e virus. | hepatitis e is an acute human liver disease in healthy individuals but may become chronic in immunocompromised patients. it is caused by the hepatitis e virus (hev) and can have a zoonotic origin, particularly in high-income countries. in this study, 383 sera from wild boars were selected for serology; for virological analyses, 69 sera and 61 livers from young wild boars were used. a total of 189 and 235 sera of, respectively, red deer and roe deer were collected for serological analysis. for vi ... | 2015 | 26518619 |
| detection of hepatitis e virus rna in raw sausages and liver sausages from retail in germany using an optimized method. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a pathogen of increasing importance, which can be zoonotically transmitted from domestic pigs, wild boar, and deer to humans. foodborne transmission by consumption of raw and undercooked liver, meat, or sausages prepared from infected animals has been documented. the aim of this study was to investigate the distribution of hev in different types of sausages sold in germany. as no standardized methods for hev detection in food exist, several techniques of sample homogen ... | 2015 | 26433460 |
| hepatitis e: an emerging global disease - from discovery towards control and cure. | hepatitis e is a systemic disease affecting the liver predominantly and caused by infection with the hepatitis e virus (hev). hev has marked genetic heterogeneity and is known to infect several animal species including pigs, boar, deer, mongoose, rabbit, camel, chicken, rats, ferret, bats and cutthroat trout. hev is the sole member of the family hepeviridae and has been divided into 2 genera: orthohepevirus (mammalian and avian hev) and piscihepevirus (trout hev). human hevs included within the ... | 2016 | 26344932 |
| chronically infected wild boar can transmit genotype 3 hepatitis e virus to domestic pigs. | hepatitis e virus (hev) causes acute hepatitis e in humans in developing countries, but sporadic and autochthonous cases do also occur in industrialized nations. in europe, food-borne zoonotic transmission of genotype 3 (gt3) has been associated with the consumption of raw and undercooked products from domestic pig and wild boar. as shown recently, naturally acquired hev gt3 replicates efficiently in experimentally infected wild boar and is transmissible from a wild boar to domestic pigs. genera ... | 2015 | 26344041 |
| hepatitis e virus in domestic pigs, wild boars, pig farm workers, and hunters in estonia. | while hepatitis e is a growing health concern in europe, epidemiological data on hepatitis e virus (hev) in estonia are scarce. along with imported hev infections, autochthonous cases are reported from european countries. both domestic and wild animals can be a source of human cases of this zoonosis. here, we investigated the presence of anti-hev antibodies and hev rna in domestic pigs and wild boars, as well as in pig farm workers and hunters in estonia. anti-hev antibodies were detected in 234 ... | 2015 | 26141050 |
| hepatitis e virus of subtype 3a in a pig farm, south-eastern france. | hepatitis e virus (hev) has emerged during the past decade as a causative agent of autochthonous hepatitis and is a clinical concern in western developed countries. it has been increasingly recognized that pigs are a major reservoir of hev of genotypes 3 and 4 worldwide and pig-derived food items represent a potential source of infections by these viruses in humans. hepatitis e virus rna testing was performed here on faeces from rectal swabs sampled in 2012 from 50 3-month-old farm pigs from the ... | 2015 | 26102074 |
| hepatitis e virus genotype 3 diversity: phylogenetic analysis and presence of subtype 3b in wild boar in europe. | an increasing number of indigenous cases of hepatitis e caused by genotype 3 viruses (hev-3) have been diagnosed all around the word, particularly in industrialized countries. hepatitis e is a zoonotic disease and accumulating evidence indicates that domestic pigs and wild boars are the main reservoirs of hev-3. a detailed analysis of hev-3 subtypes could help to determine the interplay of human activity, the role of animals as reservoirs and cross species transmission. although complete genome ... | 2015 | 26008708 |
| distribution and molecular characterization of hepatitis e virus in domestic animals and wildlife in croatia. | hepatitis e is becoming a growing health concern in european countries as an increase of sporadic human cases of unknown origin has been recorded lately. its causative agent, hepatitis e virus (hev), is known to have zoonotic potential and thus the role of domestic and wild animals in the chain of viral spread should be considered when investigating risk factors and the epidemiology of the disease. a comprehensive survey based on viral rna detection was carried out in croatia including blood, sp ... | 2015 | 25820413 |
| prevalence of hepatitis e virus in populations of wild animals in comparison with animals bred in game enclosures. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is now accepted as a zoonotic virus, and domestic pigs, wild boars and deer are recognised as natural reservoirs of the pathogen. in this study, 762 animals (wild boars, fallow deer, red deer, sika deer, roe deer and mouflons) originating from the wild and from game enclosures were tested for the presence of hev rna by qrt-pcr. hev rna was detected in wild boars (96/450), red deer (2/169), roe deer (1/30) and mouflons (5/39). the sequence relationship between hev isolates ... | 2015 | 25771162 |
| constant hepatitis e virus (hev) circulation in wild boar and red deer in spain: an increasing concern source of hev zoonotic transmission. | hepatitis e is a viral zoonosis that affects multiple hosts. the complete dynamics of infection in wildlife are still unknown, but the previous fact facilitates the maintenance and circulation of the virus, posing a risk to human health in the case of meat consumption from susceptible animals. in spain, it has been shown how domestic pigs, cattle and wildlife (i.e. wild boar and red deer) clearly interact in hunting farms, generating a complex epidemiological situation in terms of interspecies p ... | 2016 | 25571944 |
| natural and experimental hepatitis e virus genotype 3-infection in european wild boar is transmissible to domestic pigs. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is the causative agent of acute hepatitis e in humans in developing countries, but sporadic and autochthonous cases do also occur in industrialised countries. in europe, food-borne zoonotic transmission of genotype 3 (gt3) has been associated with domestic pig and wild boar. however, little is known about the course of hev infection in european wild boar and their role in hev transmission to domestic pigs. to investigate the transmissibility and pathogenesis of wild boar- ... | 2014 | 25421429 |
| phylogenetic analysis of hepatitis e virus in domestic swine and wild boar in germany. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is an emerging non-enveloped positive strand rna virus with worldwide distribution that can cause acute liver disease in humans. the virus has also been detected in both domestic and wild animals. in this study we investigated the presence of hev in free-living wild boar as well as in domestic swine. a total of 105 domestic swine fecal samples and 124 wild boar sera were tested for the presence of hev rna by rt-pcr. a 241 nucleotide (nt) fragment from the capsid gene of h ... | 2014 | 25287630 |
| serological and virological survey of hepatitis e virus in wild boar populations in northwestern italy: detection of hev subtypes 3e and 3f. | although rare in developed countries, most acquired human cases of hepatitis e virus (hev) infection are associated with travel to developing countries where hev is endemic. increasingly, however, sporadic, non-travel-related hev cases have been reported in developed countries. in italy, only two studies to date have investigated the presence of hev in wild boars. here, we report a serological and virological survey of hev in wild boar populations in northwestern italy. during the hunting season ... | 2015 | 25283611 |
| first report of hepatitis e virus circulation in domestic pigs in nigeria. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is an important cause of acute hepatitis in humans. zoonotic transmission between pigs and humans has been confirmed. human hev infection is common in nigeria; however, characterization of hev infection in other species was lacking. the objective of this study was to investigate hev infection in nigerian pigs. a total of 286 serum samples from six states in nigeria were tested for presence of anti-hev igg. ninety fecal samples from one of these states (plateau state) were ... | 2014 | 25002299 |
| detection of serum antibodies to hepatitis e virus in domestic pigs in italy using a recombinant swine hev capsid protein. | the hepatitis e virus (hev) has been detected in both humans and animals, particularly pigs, worldwide. several evidences, including human infection following consumption of raw contaminated meat, suggest a zoonotic transmission of hev. in italy, large circulation of genotype 3 hev has been reported in swine, and recent studies have confirmed the involvement of this genotype in autochthonous human cases. | 2014 | 24934984 |
| seroprevalence of hepatitis e virus (hev) in humans living in high pig density areas of germany. | an increase in acute autochthonous hepatitis e virus (hev) infections has been recorded in germany. these are suspected to be zoonotically transmitted from wild boar, deer and domestic pig. the latter may represent a major reservoir for hev. in this study, 537 sera from humans living in westphalia and lower saxony, representing areas of high pig density in germany, were tested for the presence of hev-specific antibodies. among them were 302 individuals with occupational, direct contact to pigs a ... | 2014 | 24744181 |
| seroprevalence of hepatitis e virus in domestic pigs and wild boars in switzerland. | hepatitis e is considered an emerging human viral disease in industrialized countries. studies from switzerland report a human seroprevalence of hepatitis e virus (hev) of 2.6-21%, a range lower than in adjacent european countries. the aim of this study was to determine whether hev seroprevalence in domestic pigs and wild boars is also lower in switzerland and whether it is increasing and thus indicating that this zoonotic viral infection is emerging. serum samples collected from 2,001 pigs in 2 ... | 2014 | 24499160 |
| age-related and regional differences in the prevalence of hepatitis e virus-specific antibodies in pigs in germany. | an increasing number of acute autochthonous human hepatitis e virus (hev)-infections was noticed in germany and other developed countries, most likely the result of a zoonotic virus transmission from pig, wild boar and deer. currently there is still a lack of profound data concerning the actual prevalence of hev-specific antibodies in domestic pig herds in germany, in particular for regions with high pig density, and its age-dependency. 2273 domestic pig sera were collected in 2011 mainly from b ... | 2013 | 24238666 |
| direct contact and environmental contaminations are responsible for hev transmission in pigs. | hepatitis e virus (hev) can cause enterically-transmitted hepatitis in humans. the zoonotic nature of hepatitis e infections has been established in industrialized areas and domestic pigs are considered as the main reservoir. the dynamics of transmission in pig herds therefore needs to be understood to reduce the prevalence of viremic pigs at slaughter and prevent contaminated pig products from entering the food chain. an experimental trial was carried out to study the main characteristics of he ... | 2013 | 24165278 |
| [occurrence and geographical distribution of antibodies to hepatitis e virus in wild boars of saxony-anhalt, germany (2011)]. | hepatitis e virus (hev) may cause acute hepatitis in humans. in industrialised countries, acute hepatitis e generally occurs only sporadically. however, in recent years an increase in the number of reported cases has been observed. concerning autochthonous, non-travel-associated cases, a zoonotic transmission, particularly from the animal reservoirs of domestic pig and wild boar, and via undercooked meat is assumed. meanwhile, hev has been detected in domestic pig holdings as well as in wild boa ... | 2013 | 23758038 |
| hepatitis e virus genotype 3 strains in domestic pigs, cameroon. | | 2013 | 23751099 |
| features of hepatitis e virus infection in humans and animals in japan. | in japan, hepatitis e had long been considered to be a rare liver disease which can be accidentally imported from endemic countries in asia and africa, where the sanitation conditions are suboptimal. however, since the identification of the first autochthonous hepatitis e case and hepatitis e viremic domestic pigs in japan in 2001, our understanding of hepatitis e virus (hev) infection in this country has been changing markedly. this has largely been due to the development of serological and gen ... | 2014 | 23721425 |
| molecular detection of hepatitis e virus in german domestic pigs. | in industrial countries, hepatitis e virus (hev) transmission to humans is predominantly assumed to be a zoonotic infection. recently, it has been demonstrated that about 50% of domestic pigs in germany carry hev-specific antibodies. however, further investigations concerning the distribution of hev in different age groups of german domestic pigs, phylogenetic analyses and the viral load in the porcine liver are still pending. liver samples of all age groups from herds in a pig-dense region in n ... | 2013 | 23367665 |
| comparison of hepatitis e virus genotypes from rabbits and pigs in the same geographic area: no evidence of natural cross-species transmission between the two animals. | domesticated pigs have been shown to be a reservoir of genotypes 3 and 4 hepatitis e virus (hev). farmed rabbits were recently recognized as the host of a novel virus, rabbit hev. in order to determine whether hev is transmitted naturally between rabbits and pigs, a survey on hev infections was conducted in rabbits and pigs aged 2-4 months from rabbit and pig farms located near to each other in nine villages in three counties of hebei province, china. the overall anti-hev antibody positivity rat ... | 2013 | 23183309 |
| detection and phylogenetic characterization of hepatitis e virus genotype 3 in a captive wild boar in thailand. | hepatitis e virus (hev) was studied in different types of wild boar captive settings in thailand, including a wildlife breeding research station, zoo, and commercial wild boar farm, which were located in different locations of thailand. fifty-one fecal samples were collected and screened for hev rna and then analyzed. one sample obtained from a wildlife breeding research station in ratchaburi province was hev positive. phylogenetic characterization revealed that the virus was hev genotype 3 and ... | 2012 | 23082533 |
| first detection of hepatitis e virus in austrian pigs by rt-qpcr. | long known to cause disease outbreaks in man in countries with poor sanitary conditions, an increasing number of autochthonous hev genotype 3 infections have been reported in industrialised countries. genotype 3 poses an important potential zoonotic threat, with infected pigs functioning as the main reservoir. this study reports the first detected emergence of hev in austrian pigs. five austrian strains were partially sequenced and phylogenetic analysis demonstrates that they cluster within geno ... | 2012 | 22919921 |
| [the coastal areas of yantai human and swine hepatitis e virus genotyping analysis]. | survey of the coastal city of yantai, from human and swine hepatitis e virus (hev) genotype correlation. | 2012 | 22919748 |
| detection and characterization of hepatitis e virus in domestic pigs of different ages in portugal. | this study represents the primary hepatitis e virus (hev) surveillance in domestic pigs in portugal, five pig farms were investigated in 5 different portuguese regions, ten faecal samples were collected at four different stages of the production. all faecal samples were tested for hepatitis e virus by real-time rt-pcr. at least one sample from each farms of all age groups tested positive for hev. the prevalence in the pig herds varied from 10% to 30% and the mean prevalence was 32% in weaners, 2 ... | 2012 | 22583975 |
| rat hepatitis e virus: geographical clustering within germany and serological detection in wild norway rats (rattus norvegicus). | zoonotic hepatitis e virus (hev) infection in industrialised countries is thought to be caused by transmission from wild boar, domestic pig and deer as reservoir hosts. the detection of hev-specific antibodies in rats and other rodents has suggested that these animals may represent an additional source for hev transmission to human. recently, a novel hev (rathev) was detected in norway rats from hamburg, germany, showing the typical genome organisation but a high nucleotide and amino acid sequen ... | 2012 | 22554648 |
| prevalence and transmission of hepatitis e virus in domestic swine populations in different european countries. | hepatitis e virus (hev) genotype 3 and 4 can cause liver disease in human and has its main reservoir in pigs. hev investigations in pigs worldwide have been performed but there is still a lack of information on the infection dynamics in pig populations. | 2012 | 22534364 |
| experimental evidence of hepatitis a virus infection in pigs. | hepatitis a virus (hav) is the leading cause of acute viral hepatitis worldwide, with hav infection being restricted to humans and nonhuman primates. in this study, hav infection status was serologically determined in domestic pigs and experimental infections of hav were attempted to verify hav infectivity in pigs. antibodies specific to hav or hav-like agents were detected in 3.5% of serum samples collected from pigs in swine farms. when the pigs were infected intravenously with 2 × 10(5) 50% t ... | 2016 | 26381440 |
| possible foodborne transmission of hepatitis e virus from domestic pigs and wild boars from corsica. | | 2016 | 27437570 |
| [hepatitidis e virus]. | the number of detected cases of hepatitis e (he) shows an increasing trend in the czech republic, probably due the introduction of new diagnostic methods and greater awareness of he. in most cases, the source of infection has remained unconfirmed or entirely unclear. the causative agent, the hepatitis e virus (hev), belongs to the hepeviridae family. recently, many isolates from mammals, birds, and fish have been identified. hev is widespread among farm pigs and wild boar populations all over th ... | 2016 | 27246639 |
| serological and molecular investigation of swine hepatitis e virus in pigs raised in southern italy. | hepatitis e virus (hev) infection is a common acute hepatitis transmitted by the fecal-oral route. in developed countries, the virus has a zoonotic potential, and domestic pigs and wild boars are considered main reservoirs. to assess the prevalence of hev-positive animals in the calabria region (southern italy) on a serological and molecular level, a total of 216 autochthonous healthy pigs (apulo-calabrese breed) were sampled. both sera and feces were collected. pigs were grouped based on age: 1 ... | 2015 | 26555536 |
| domestic pigs are susceptible to infection with influenza b viruses. | influenza b virus (ibv) causes seasonal epidemics in humans. although ibv has been isolated from seals, humans are considered the primary host and reservoir of this important pathogen. it is unclear whether other animal species can support the replication of ibv and serve as a reservoir. swine are naturally infected with both influenza a and c viruses. to determine the susceptibility of pigs to ibv infection, we conducted a serological survey for u.s. midwest domestic swine herds from 2010 to 20 ... | 2015 | 25673727 |
| dynamics of virus shedding and antibody responses in influenza a virus-infected feral swine. | given their free-ranging habits, feral swine could serve as reservoirs or spatially dynamic 'mixing vessels' for influenza a virus (iav). to better understand virus shedding patterns and antibody response dynamics in the context of iav surveillance amongst feral swine, we used iav of feral swine origin to perform infection experiments. the virus was highly infectious and transmissible in feral swine, and virus shedding patterns and antibody response dynamics were similar to those in domestic swi ... | 2015 | 26297148 |
| susceptibility of a north american culex quinquefasciatus to japanese encephalitis virus. | japanese encephalitis virus (jev) is a flavivirus that is transmitted by culex (cx.) tritaeniorhynchus in tropical and subtropical regions of asia. the endemic transmission cycle involves domestic pigs and avian species that serve as amplification hosts; humans are incidental hosts that cannot develop a high-titer viremia sufficient for mosquito infection. although vaccination can be an effective strategy for disease prevention and is used extensively in multiple asian countries, unvaccinated im ... | 2015 | 26565775 |
| culex annulirostris (diptera: culicidae) host feeding patterns and japanese encephalitis virus ecology in northern australia. | japanese encephalitis virus (jev) transmission in northern australia has, in the past, been facilitated by culex annulirostris skuse feeding on domestic pigs, the primary amplifying hosts of the virus. to further characterize mosquito feeding behavior in northern australia, 1,128 bloodmeals from cx. annulirostris were analyzed using a double-antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. overall, cx. annulirostris obtained > 94% of blood meals from mammals, comprising marsupials (37%), pigs (20%), ... | 2012 | 22493857 |
| prevalence of antibody to and dna of lawsonia intracellularis in samples from wild animals in korea. | we evaluated the prevalence of lawsonia intracellularis infection in three wild animal species in korea; the korean water deer ( hydropotes inermis ), siberian roe deer ( capreolus pygargus ), and raccoon dogs ( nyctereutes procyonoides ). we collected 136 sera and 109 fecal samples from individuals in 10 wildlife rescue and conservation centers. serum samples were tested for anti- l. intracellularis antibodies using a blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (belisa), and fecal samples were s ... | 2016 | 27487235 |
| secondary structure analysis of swine pasivirus (family picornaviridae) rna reveals a type-iv ires and a parechovirus-like 3' utr organization. | the potential rna structures of the 5' and 3' untranslated regions (utrs) and cis-acting replication elements (cres) of a novel pasivirus (pav) genotype (family picornaviridae) were analysed. pav-a3 (km259923) was identified in a faecal sample from a domestic pig in hungary with posterior paraplegia of unknown etiology. based on likely structural features of the 5' utr, the pasiviruses were inferred to possess hepacivirus/pestivirus-like type-iv ires. the pasivirus cre was mapped to the 2b genom ... | 2015 | 25716922 |
| lung parasites of the genus metastrongylus molin, 1861 (nematoda: metastrongilidae) in wild boar (sus scrofa l., 1758) in central-italy: an eco-epidemiological study. | the respiratory tracts of 57 wild boars (sus scrofa l. 1758) hunted in central italy during the 2011/2012 hunting season were examined to detect the presence of lung worms. fifty-five out of 57 animals (96,5%) were positive. five species of metastrongylus were detected and their prevalence was as follows: metastrongylus asymmetricus noda, 1973 (91.2%), metastrongylus confusus jansen, 1964 and metastrongylus salmi gedoelst, 1923 (87.7%), metastrongylus apri gmelin, 1790 (80.7%), metastrongylus pu ... | 2016 | 26827860 |
| feral swine virome is dominated by single-stranded dna viruses and contains a novel orthopneumovirus which circulates both in feral and domestic swine. | feral swine are known reservoirs for various pathogens that can adversely affect domestic animals. to assess the viral ecology of feral swine in the usa, metagenomic sequencing was performed on 100 pooled nasal swabs. the virome was dominated by small, ssdna viruses belonging to the families circoviridae, anelloviridae and parvovirinae. only four rna viruses were identified: porcine kobuvirus, porcine sapelovirus, atypical porcine pestivirus and a novel orthopneumovirus, provisionally named swin ... | 2016 | 27417702 |
| diagnosis of mycobacterium avium complex in granulomatous lymphadenitis in slaughtered domestic pigs. | the aim of this study was to compare two diagnostic methods for the detection of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection in lymph nodes with granulomatous lymphadenitis from slaughtered domestic pigs. fifty affected lymph nodes were collected from 50 pigs and examined microscopically and by polymerase chain reaction (pcr). microscopically, granulomatous lesions were observed in 92% of the samples, consisting mostly of central necrosis (78%) with dystrophic calcification (46%) and associated ... | 2012 | 22784782 |
| evaluation of five serologic assays for bovine tuberculosis surveillance in domestic free-range pigs from southern spain. | in countries where bovine tuberculosis (btb) is still prevalent the contact among different animal species in extensive systems contributes to the circulation of mycobacterium bovis (m. bovis) and other members of the mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (mtc). thus, free-range pigs can develop subclinical infections and may contribute to disease spread to bovine and wildlife. serodiagnosis has been proposed as a screening tool for detecting infected pig herds; however, the value of this method to ... | 2017 | 28089289 |
| bovine tuberculosis in domestic pigs: genotyping and distribution of isolates in argentina. | bovine tuberculosis is caused by mycobacterium bovis and affects primarily cattle, among many other mammal species. in this study, 250 isolates of m. bovis collected from pigs slaughtered in argentina were typed by spoligotyping. over half of the isolates (66%) grouped into two spoligotypes. moreover, sb0140 was the most frequent spoligotype detected in the three performed samplings. in addition, 195 isolates were typed through variable number of tandem repeats (vntr) by selecting 7 loci (miru 1 ... | 2015 | 26679794 |
| mycobacterium bovis infection in domestic pigs in great britain. | mycobacterium bovis, the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis (tb), infects a wide range of wild and domestic mammals. despite a control programme spanning decades, m. bovis infection levels in cattle in great britain (gb) have continued to rise over recent years. as the incidence of infection in cattle and wildlife may be linked to that in swine, data relating to infection of pigs identified at slaughter were examined in this study. between 2007 and 2011, almost all m. bovis-infected pigs ori ... | 2013 | 24095608 |
| spatial and temporal interactions between livestock and wildlife in south central spain assessed by camera traps. | the diversification of livestock farms into hunting estates in south central spain (scs) may impede the success of mycobacterium bovis eradication programmes by facilitating transmission between wildlife and livestock. in this observational study we aimed to provide information of relevance about the nature and frequency of interactions (observed visits to study points) between livestock (cattle and domestic pigs) and wildlife (wild boar and red deer). the study was conducted in an extensive cat ... | 2013 | 24050782 |
| increased mycoplasma hyopneumoniae disease prevalence in domestic hybrids among free-living wild boar. | wildlife immune genes are subject to natural selection exerted by pathogens. in contrast, domestic immune genes are largely protected from pathogen selection by veterinary care. introgression of domestic alleles into the wild could lead to increased disease susceptibility, but observations are scarce due to low introgression rates, low disease prevalence and reduced survival of domestic hybrids. here we report the first observation of a deleterious effect of domestic introgression on disease pre ... | 2015 | 26391376 |
| molecular epidemiology of mycoplasma hyopneumoniae from outbreaks of enzootic pneumonia in domestic pig and the role of wild boar. | mycoplasma hyopneumoniae is the major cause of enzootic pneumonia (ep) in domestic pigs, a disease with low mortality but high morbidity, having a great economic impact for producers. in switzerland ep has been successfully eradicated, however, sporadic outbreaks are observed with no obvious source. besides the possibility of recurrent outbreaks due to persisting m. hyopneumoniae strains within the pig population, there is suspicion that wild boars might introduce m. hyopneumoniae into swine her ... | 2014 | 25236987 |
| spatial characterization of colonies of the flying fox bat, a carrier of nipah virus in thailand. | a major reservoir of nipah virus is believed to be the flying fox genus pteropus, a fruit bat distributed across many of the world's tropical and sub-tropical areas. the emergence of the virus and its zoonotic transmission to livestock and humans have been linked to losses in the bat's habitat. nipah has been identified in a number of indigenous flying fox populations in thailand. while no evidence of infection in domestic pigs or people has been found to date, pig farming is an active agricultu ... | 2015 | 25880385 |
| malignant catarrhal fever in a vietnamese pot-bellied pig. a potential threat to pigs in mixed-species exhibits? | malignant catarrhal fever (mcf) represents a sporadic and often fatal disease in various ungulate species including rarely swine. a close contact between susceptible and reservoir species of ovine herpesvirus-2 (ovhv-2) is a requirement for virus transmission. as in ruminants, a rapid course of disease with lymphohistiocytic meningoencephalitis and necrotizing vasculitis in multiple organs is frequently seen in porcine mcf. this report describes a case of mcf in a vietnamese pot-bellied pig, whi ... | 2015 | 25947878 |
| experimental induction of malignant catarrhal fever in pigs with ovine herpesvirus 2 by intranasal nebulization. | malignant catarrhal fever (mcf), a frequently fatal herpesviral disease primarily of ruminant species, has been sporadically reported in pigs. all cases of naturally occurring porcine mcf reported to date have been linked to ovine herpesvirus 2 (ovhv-2), a gammaherpesvirus in the genus macavirus carried by sheep. experimental induction of mcf by aerosolization of the virus in nasal secretions collected from infected sheep has been successful in bison, cattle and rabbits. the goals of this study ... | 2012 | 22560763 |
| detection of antibodies against paracoccidioides brasiliensis in free-range domestic pigs (sus scrofa). | paracoccidioidomycosis, caused by the thermodimorphic fungus paracoccidioides brasiliensis, is a human systemic mycosis prevalent in latin america. paracoccidioidomycosis affects mainly male rural workers, causing granulomatous lesions in several organs such as the lungs, liver and spleen. the participation of other animal species in the fungus epidemiology is not well understood. the objective of this study was to evaluate the infection of free-range domestic pigs by p. brasiliensis. serum samp ... | 2014 | 24436011 |
| characterization in vitro and in vivo of a novel porcine parainfluenza virus 5 isolate in korea. | a novel porcine parainfluenza 5 (ppiv5), knu-11, in the genus rubulavirus of the subfamily paramyxovirinae, was isolated from the lung of a piglet in korea in 2011. to understand the importance of this virus as an infectious agent, in vitro and in vivo characteristics of knu-11 virus was investigated. knu-11 was remarkably cytopathogenic, showing distinct cell rounding and clumping evident in porcine alveolar macrophage (pam), porcine kidney (pk-15), and swine testicle (st) cells within 12h post ... | 2013 | 24050998 |
| fatal outbreak of systemic pasteurellosis in a wild boar (sus scrofa) population from southwest spain. | pasteurella multocida is a common pathogen of swine that causes specific diseases with great economic impact. however, the importance of this pathogen in wild boar is still unknown. in the current work, an outbreak of systemic pasteurellosis in wild boar with a high mortality rate is described. a total of 23 wild boar of all ages were found dead over a 5-day period on a game estate in southwest spain (11.11% mortality). three animals were necropsied and showed subcutaneous edema, a generalized c ... | 2013 | 24081934 |
| a comprehensive microbiological safety approach for agarose encapsulated porcine islets intended for clinical trials. | the use of porcine islets to replace insulin-producing islet β-cells, destroyed during the diabetogenic disease process, presents distinct challenges if this option is to become a therapeutic reality for the treatment of type 1 diabetes. these challenges include a thorough evaluation of the microbiological safety of the islets. in this study, we describe a robust porcine islet-screening program that provides a high level of confidence in the microbiological safety of porcine islets suitable for ... | 2016 | 27862363 |
| molecular detection of porcine astrovirus in sichuan province, china. | porcine astrovirus (poastv) is widely distributed worldwide, and is highly prevalent among piglets with or without diarrhea, existing as at least five distinct lineages (poastv1-poastv5) within the genus mamastrovirus. however, our knowledge of the diversity and epidemiology of poastv in china is limited. | 2016 | 26739067 |
| identification and genetic characterization of two porcine astroviruses from domestic piglets in china. | porcine astrovirus are divided into five genotypes. in this study, we identified two porcine astroviruses (astv-ll-1 and astv-ll-2) by using sequence-independent single-primer amplification (sispa) on faecal specimens of healthy domestic piglets younger than 15 days. the detection rate for both was 2.82% (14/497). astv-lls were then sequenced and characterised. phylogenetic analysis revealed that they have the characteristics of porcine astrovirus (pastv) 2 and 5 and have some unique genetic fea ... | 2015 | 26338091 |
| phylogenetic analysis of porcine astrovirus in domestic pigs and wild boars in south korea. | porcine astrovirus (pastv) belongs to genetically divergent lineages within the genus mamastrovirus. in this study, 25/129 (19.4 %) domestic pig and 1/146 (0.7 %) wild boar fecal samples tested in south korea were positive for pastv. positive samples were mainly from pigs under 6 weeks old. bayesian inference (bi) tree analysis for rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdrp) and capsid (orf2) gene sequences, including mamastrovirus and avastrovirus, revealed a relatively geographically divergent lineage ... | 2013 | 22965450 |
| [detection of salmonella choleraesuis var. kunzendorf in a fattening pig with septicaemic salmonellosis. a case report]. | the present case reports the detection of salmonella (s.) choleraesuis var. kunzendorf and porcine circovirus type 2 in an organic fattening pig suffering from septicaemic salmonellosis and porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome. six weeks after pigs had been housed in an organic fattening farm, an increase in mortality, diarrhea and coughing was observed. in recent years, s. choleraesuis var. kunzendorf has been frequently detected in wild boars in germany, whereas the same serovar did not ... | 2016 | 27808343 |
| latent porcine circovirus type 2-infected domestic pigs: a potential infection model for the effective development of vaccines against latent or chronic virus induced diseases. | until recently, knowledge of the pathogenicity of circoviridae and anelloviridae family members was limited. our previous discoveries provided clues toward resolving this issue based on studies of the latent nature of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) genotype group members. we developed a conventional pig infection model that indicated that weaners already harbored latent pcv2 infection in the thymus, which enabled the viruses to specifically modulate the maturation of t-helper cells. this findi ... | 2016 | 26795369 |
| development of real-time pcr assay for detection of porcine circovirus-like virus p1 in domestic pigs in china. | the porcine circovirus-like agent p1 is a newly discovered dna virus with a single-stranded circular genome that is highly homologous to that of porcine circovirus type 2. p1 infection can cause symptoms resembling postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. this study aims to develop a rapid, sensitive and specific method to detect p1. | 2015 | 26404908 |
| detection of porcine circovirus type 2 and its association with pmws in wild boars and domestic pigs in germany: a histopathological, immunohistochemical and molecular biological study. | beside domestic pigs wild boars can also be affected by postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). for the first time a nationwide survey of wild boars (n = 356) and domestic pigs (n = 340) was carried out in germany by histopathology, immunohistochemistry (ihc) and quantitative pcr (qpcr). whereas 102/340 domestic pigs were immunoreactive for pcv2 antigen in at least one examined tissue, only 8/356 wild boars reacted positively. similar findings could be found in qpcr: all domestic pigs ... | 2015 | 26054225 |
| genetic characterisation of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) strains from feral pigs in the brazilian pantanal: an opportunity to reconstruct the history of pcv2 evolution. | since its discovery, porcine circovirus type 2 has emerged as one of the most relevant swine infectious diseases, causing relevant economic losses for the pig industry. while four genotypes were identified, only three (pcv2a, pcv2b and pcv2d) are currently circulating and display a worldwide distribution. another genotype, pcv2c, has been described only once in danish archive samples collected between 1980 and 1990. in addition to commercial pigs, pcv2 has been demonstrated to infect wild boars ... | 2015 | 25975522 |
| characterization of porcine parvovirus type 3 and porcine circovirus type 2 in wild boars (sus scrofa) in slovakia. | as the number of free-living wild boars (sus scrofa l.) continues to rise in slovakia, the probability of pathogen transmission between susceptible species increases. we investigated the distribution and genetic characterization of porcine parvovirus type 3 (ppv3), porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), and their coinfection in wild boars. among 194 animals tested, 19.1% were positive for ppv3 and 43.8% for pcv2. similar rates of coinfection with both viruses reaching 11.0% and 11.8% were observed in ... | 2015 | 25973618 |
| prevalence of emerging porcine parvoviruses and their co-infections with porcine circovirus type 2 in china. | a total of 450 samples from domestic pigs in china were tested for porcine parvoviruses (ppvs) and co-infections with porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), and their complete capsid genes were sequenced. the prevalence of ppv1, ppv2, ppv3, ppv4, and pcv2 was 5.56 %, 39.56 %, 45.11 %, 21.56 %, and 47.33 %, respectively, and co-infection with pcv2 occurred in 4 % (ppv1), 22.44 % (ppv2), 24 % (ppv3), and 12 % (ppv4) of the samples. phylogenetic analysis revealed two main lineages for each virus, and re ... | 2015 | 25742931 |
| detection of a new cluster of porcine circovirus type 2b strains in domestic pigs in germany. | pcv2 can be divided into three different genotypes: pcv2a, pcv2b and pcv2c. since 2004/2005 pcv2b has become the predominant genotype in the domestic pig population worldwide. in the years 2010 and 2012 pcv2b mutant strains (mpcv2), classified as pcv2b-1c strains, were detected in porcine circovirus diseases (pcvd) affected pigs in china and the united states, respectively. within one year (april 2013-april 2014) newly emerging mpcv2 strains were isolated in seven german pig farms routinely vacc ... | 2015 | 25669598 |
| impact of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) vaccination on boar semen quality and quantity using two different vaccines. | porcine circovirus type-2 (pcv2) is widespread in domestic pig populations. it can be shed with boar semen, but the role boars have in epidemiology is still unclear. vaccinating boars against pcv2 can reduce disease and virus load in semen, but may have unwanted side effects, that is, impairment of spermatogenesis. therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect and impact of two different pcv2 vaccines on boar semen quality and quantity. healthy normospermic large white boars in ... | 2014 | 24954420 |
| phylogenetic comparison of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) and porcine reproductive respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) strains detected in domestic pigs until 2008 and in 2012 in croatia. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) have been present for the last 2 decades in croatia, causing large economical losses in the pig production. the clinical features of the infections are mostly manifested by the development of respiratory problems, weight loss and poor growth performance, as well as reproductive failure in pregnant sows. even though the infections are continuously recognized in some regions in croatia, the heterogenei ... | 2014 | 24839544 |
| origin of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) from swine affected by pcv2-associated diseases in croatia. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) causes some of the most significant economic losses in pig production. several multisystemic syndromes have been attributed to pcv2 infection, which are known as pcv2-associated diseases (pcvds). this study investigated the origin and evolution of pcv2 sequences in domestic pigs and wild boars affected by pcvds in croatia. viral sequences were recovered from three wild boars diagnosed with pcv2-systemic disease (pcv2-sd), 63 fetuses positive for pcv2 dna as deter ... | 2014 | 24591478 |
| genetic characterization of porcine circovirus type 2 in the korean wild boar population. | the porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) has reached very high levels in the pig population in south korea and throughout the world since it was first described in the late 1990s. in this study, we found that the prevalence of pcv2 in the korean wild boar population was 4.98% (91/1825). interestingly, 19 pcv2 orf2 sequences that could be completely sequenced showed that they belonged only to genotype pcv2b, subgroup 1a/b (n=16) and 1c (n=3). we suggest that sites potentially under positive selection ... | 2014 | 24480584 |
| detection of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) antibodies in meat juice samples from polish wild boar (sus scrofa l.). | pcv2 and prrsv are two important pathogens of domestic swine. there is considerable evidence that the infection is also present in wild boars. meat juice provides an alternative to serum for antibody testing, and it has been used in testing for many important porcine infectious diseases. samples of brachial muscle were collected from 142 wild boars shot in different regions of poland during the 2006/2007 and 2007/2008 hunting seasons. meat juice harvested from muscle samples was tested using an ... | 2013 | 23974935 |
| torque teno sus virus (ttsuv) in tissues of pigs and its relation with the occurrence of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. | torque teno sus virus (ttsuv) is a member of the recently created family anelloviridae. two distinct species of ttsuvs, 1 (ttsuv1) and 2 (ttsuv2) have been reported so far in domestic pigs and wild boars. although ttsuvs have not been clearly linked to any specific disease of pigs, a relation between ttsuv infections and postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) has been suggested. to examine further this possibility, the present study was conducted in search for ttsuv1 and ttsuv2 genome ... | 2013 | 23783757 |
| prevalence of porcine hokovirus and its co-infection with porcine circovirus 2 in china. | here, we report the frequency of porcine hokovirus (phov) infection and its co-infection with porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) in china. a total of 485 domestic pig samples were tested for both phov and pcv2, and ns1 gene sequences from 11 phov strains were used for phylogenetic analysis. the prevalence of phov and pcv2 was 51.3 % and 36.3 %, respectively, and co-infection occurred in 20.2 %. phovs from the chinese mainland showed a close relationship to those isolated in hong kong. co-infection with ... | 2013 | 23558802 |
| presence of torque teno sus virus in porcine circovirus type 2-associated disease in croatia. | torque teno virus (ttv) is ubiquitous and species-specific, and two different ttv species, torque teno sus virus 1 (ttsuv1) and torque teno sus virus 2 (ttsuv2), have been described in domestic pigs and wild boars. whether these two species are involved in clinical cases of porcine circovirus type 2-associated disease (pcvds) remains unknown. this study investigates the presence of ttsuv in 85 fetuses, pigs and wild boars infected by pcv2 and affected by pcvds other than postweaning multisystemi ... | 2012 | 23104589 |
| study of the genetic variability of porcine circovirus type 2 detected in serbia and slovenia. | recent variants of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) were obtained from tissues of domestic pigs with porcine circovirus associated disease and from randomly selected wild boar samples from serbia and slovenia. a 450-base-pair nucleotide sequence was obtained by pcr from the orf2. the derived nucleotide and amino acid sequences were aligned and compared to the corresponding region of closely related pcv2 sequences determined in previous years and retrieved from the genbank. the 30 serbian and 17 ... | 2012 | 22903085 |
| prevalence of infection and genetic diversity of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) in wild boar (sus scrofa) in poland. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is a widespread, important pathogen of domestic swine and the causative agent of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome and other diseases and conditions referred to as "porcine circovirus diseases." specific antibodies and dna to pcv2 have also been detected in european wild boars and north american feral pigs. we collected 312 tonsil samples from wild boars shot in 13 of 16 districts of poland, and tested them for pcv2 dna using a real-time pcr. we detected ... | 2012 | 22740527 |
| current state of knowledge on porcine circovirus type 2-associated lesions. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), a small single-stranded dna virus, was initially discovered in 1998 and is highly prevalent in the domestic pig population. disease manifestations associated with pcv2 include postweaning multisystemic wasting disease (pmws), enteric disease, respiratory disease, porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (pdns), and reproductive failure. although these clinical manifestations involve different organ systems, there is considerable overlap in clinical expression ... | 2013 | 22692624 |
| identification of three new type-specific antigen epitopes in the capsid protein of porcine circovirus type 1. | porcine circovirus type 1 (pcv1) has been identified as a contaminant of porcine kidney cell line (pk-15). serological evidence and genetic studies have suggested that pcv1 is widespread in domestic pigs. in this study, monoclonal antibodies (mabs) and polyclonal antibodies (pabs) were generated against a recombinant pcv1 cap protein (pcv1-cap), which was expressed using the baculovirus system. pepscan analysis was used to identify epitopes on the pcv1-cap with mabs and pabs. three linear b-cell ... | 2012 | 22437253 |
| detection of natural inter- and intra-genotype recombination events revealed by cap gene analysis and decreasing prevalence of pcv2 in wild boars. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), the causative agent of a number of pcvad (porcine circovirus associated diseases), is ubiquitous in domestic pig and wild boar populations. in the present study, using recombination detection program, phylogenetic analysis and base-by-base comparison of 28 pcv2 orf2s (capsid protein coding gene) from wild boars and 8 from domestic pigs of transylvania, recent natural intra- (pcv2b-1b/pcv2b-1c) and inter-genotype (pcv2a-2d/pcv2b-1c) recombination events were dete ... | 2012 | 22293465 |
| torque teno sus virus in pigs: an emerging pathogen? | the newly established family anelloviridae includes a number of viruses infecting humans (torque teno viruses) and other animal species. the ones infecting domestic swine and wild boar are nowadays named torque teno sus viruses (ttsuv), which are small circular single-stranded dna viruses highly prevalent in the pig population. so far, two genetically distinct ttsuv species are infecting swine. both ttsuvs appear to efficiently spread by vertical and horizontal transmission routes; in fact, foet ... | 2012 | 22252126 |
| distribution of porcine endogenous retrovirus in different organs of the hybrid of a landrace and a jeju domestic pig in korea. | xenotransplantation offers a solution to the shortage of available organs for transplantation, and the pig represents an ideal source of such organs. however, porcine endogenous retrovirus (perv), whose genome is integrated in pigs, has been suggested to pose a potential risk of xenotransmission. expression of pervs in different organs of pigs was carefully measured at dna, mrna, and protein levels, providing information valuable for the application of pig organs in xenotransplantation. an analy ... | 2015 | 26293098 |
| novel porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) variants with large deletions in the spike (s) gene coexist with pedv strains possessing an intact s gene in domestic pigs in japan: a new disease situation. | since late 2013, after an absence of seven years, outbreaks of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) infection have reemerged and swept rapidly across japan, resulting in significant economic losses. in this study, we report the emergence, mixed infection, and genetic characterization of 15 novel field pedv variants with large genomic deletions. the sizes of deletion varied between 582 nt (194 aa) and 648 nt (216 aa) at positions 28-714 (10-238) on the s gene (protein). among 17 pedv samples is ... | 2017 | 28095455 |
| porcine epidemic diarrhea virus and discovery of a recombinant swine enteric coronavirus, italy. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) has been detected sporadically in italy since the 1990s. we report the phylogenetic relationship of swine enteric coronaviruses collected in italy during 2007-2014 and identify a drastic shift in pedv strain variability and a new swine enteric coronavirus generated by recombination of transmissible gastroenteritis virus and pedv. | 2016 | 26689738 |
| new porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus variant with a large deletion in the spike gene identified in domestic pigs. | from october 2013 to date, approximately 1,000 outbreaks of porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (pedv) have occurred in japan. porcine epidemic diarrhoea with non-lethal effects in piglets was identified in tottori prefecture in october 2014. complete genome analysis revealed that the causative pathogen, tottori2, is a new pedv variant with a large (582 nt) deletion in the spike gene. phylogenetic analysis indicated that the tottori2 pedv strain might have been derived from the current pedv strains ... | 2015 | 26162305 |
| first identification of porcine parvovirus 6 in poland. | porcine parvovirus type 1 is a major causative agent of swine reproductive failure. during the past decade, several new parvoviruses have been discovered in pigs. porcine parvovirus type 6 (ppv6), recently identified, has been reported in pigs in china and in the usa while the ppv6 status in the european pig population remains undetermined. in the present study, ppv6 dna was identified in serum samples collected from domestic pigs in poland. in investigated herds, the prevalence of ppv6 was 14.9 ... | 2017 | 27590228 |
| coexistence of multiple strains of porcine parvovirus 2 in pig farms. | the porcine parvovirus 2 (ppv2) genome was first identified in 2001 in myanmar. recently, the ppv2 genome has been found in several other countries. in this study, the prevalence of ppv2 in japanese domestic pigs was investigated and found to be 58% (69/120) in healthy domestic pigs and 100% (69/69) in sick domestic pigs. sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the pcr products of the vp1 gene and an almost full length ppv2 clone indicated that diverged ppv2 strains exist in japan. clearly disti ... | 2014 | 24845822 |
| capsid protein evolution and comparative phylogeny of novel porcine parvoviruses. | in addition to the well known "classical" porcine parvovirus (ppv1; responsible for reproductive failure of susceptible sows) several new porcine parvoviruses have been recognized (ppv2, ppv3 and ppv4) in recent years. the genetic variation, characteristics and evolutionary factors shaping these novel ppvs were studied by comparing the complete capsid (cap) genes of ppvs from domestic pigs and wild boars. using bayesian coalescent methods we estimated the rate of nucleotide substitution for ppv2 ... | 2013 | 23044400 |
| phylogeny and evolutionary genetics of porcine parvovirus in wild boars. | porcine parvovirus (ppv) is widespread among swine and is responsible for reproductive failure of susceptible sows, characterized by embryonic and fetal death. studies showed that ppv in domestic pig is genetically diverse and some strains differ from the ones used for vaccination. organ samples from wild boars and domestic pigs were collected in transylvania (romania) and tested for the presence of ppv by polymerase chain reaction. positive samples were grouped and 14 from the wild boar and 1 f ... | 2012 | 22575819 |
| heterogeneous antigenic properties of the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus nucleocapsid. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) is an arterivirus responsible for a widespread contagious disease of domestic pigs with high economic impact. switzerland is one of the rare prrsv-free countries in europe, although sporadic outbreaks have occurred in the past. the prrsv isolate ivi-1173 from the short outbreak in switzerland in 2012 was entirely sequenced, and a functional full-length cdna clone was constructed. genetic and antigenic characterization of ivi-1173 reveal ... | 2016 | 27871316 |
| mortality due to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in immunocompromised göttingen minipigs (sus scrofa domestica). | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) infection was diagnosed in 6 göttingen minipigs (sus scrofa domestica) with severe interstitial pneumonia. the virus was defined as a north american (na) subtype virus, which is common in the commercial pig population and might be derived from a widely used attenuated live-virus vaccine in europe. the orf5 sequence of the isolated prrsv was 98% identical to the vaccine virus. the affected pigs were part of a lung transplantation model a ... | 2016 | 27780006 |
| the first detection of prrsv in wild boars in slovakia. | prrsv was confirmed by a nested rt-pcr in two out of 129 samples originating from wild boars from eastern slovakia. virus isolates were genetically typed in orf7 as prrsv-1, eu-1 with 99.7% (sample 14wb) and 100% (sample 10wb) nucleotide sequence similarity to lelystad reference strain and porcilis prrs vaccine strain, respectively. the origin of prrsv in these wild boars is unclear but it is highly likely that virus was transmitted from vaccinated domestic pigs to wild boars. | 2015 | 25876282 |
| comparison of pathogenicity of highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus between wild and domestic pigs. | the objective of this study was to compare the pathogenicity of highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (hp-prrsv) infection between wild and domestic pigs based on clinical, immunological, and pathological evaluation. upon challenge with hp-prrsv, five wild pigs died compared to none of the domestic. anti-prrsv antibody titers were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in wild hp-prrsv-infected pigs versus the domestic hp-prrsv-infected pigs at 21 days post inoculation ( ... | 2015 | 25634036 |
| genetic diversity of prrs virus collected from air samples in four different regions of concentrated swine production during a high incidence season. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) is one of the most relevant swine diseases in the us, costing the industry millions of dollars per year. unfortunately, disease control is difficult because of the virus dynamics, as prrs virus (prrsv) can be transmitted by air between farms, especially, in regions with high density of swine operations. while long distance airborne transport of prrsv has been reported, there is little information regarding the dynamics of prrsv airborne challe ... | 2014 | 25405592 |
| reston virus in domestic pigs in china. | historically, reston virus (restv) has been found to be associated with outbreaks of disease only in nonhuman primates. its spread to domestic pigs was reported for the first time in 2008. in this study, we report the discovery, molecular detection, and phylogenetic analysis of reston virus (restv) in domestic pigs in china. a total of 137 spleen specimens from pigs that died after showing typical clinical signs of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs), and for which infection wit ... | 2014 | 22996641 |
| a recombinant rabies virus (erags) for use in a bait vaccine for swine. | rabies viruses (rabv) circulating worldwide in various carnivores occasionally cause fatal encephalitis in swine. in this study, the safety and immunogenicity of a recombinant rabies virus, the erags strain constructed with a reverse genetics system, was evaluated in domestic pigs. | 2016 | 27489807 |
| risks posed by reston, the forgotten ebolavirus. | out of the five members of the ebolavirus family, four cause life-threatening disease, whereas the fifth, reston virus (restv), is nonpathogenic in humans. the reasons for this discrepancy remain unclear. in this review, we analyze the currently available information to provide a state-of-the-art summary of the factors that determine the human pathogenicity of ebolaviruses. restv causes sporadic infections in cynomolgus monkeys and is found in domestic pigs throughout the philippines and china. ... | 2017 | 28066813 |
| molecular evidence of ebola reston virus infection in philippine bats. | in 2008-09, evidence of reston ebolavirus (restv) infection was found in domestic pigs and pig workers in the philippines. with species of bats having been shown to be the cryptic reservoir of filoviruses elsewhere, the philippine government, in conjunction with the food and agriculture organization of the united nations, assembled a multi-disciplinary and multi-institutional team to investigate philippine bats as the possible reservoir of restv. | 2015 | 26184657 |
| evidence of natural transmission of group a rotavirus between domestic pigs and wild boars (sus scrofa) in japan. | group a rotaviruses (rvas) are a major cause of acute dehydrating diarrhea in infants and young animals worldwide. rvas have also been detected in several wild and zoo animals, indicating wide susceptibility of wild animals. however, the role of wild animals in the infection cycle of rvas is unclear. wild boars are indigenous in many countries in the world. japanese wild boars (sus scrofa leucomystax) have been migrating close to human habitats in japan, indicating the possibility of natural tra ... | 2013 | 23958658 |