| pharmacokinetics of heroin and its metabolites in vitreous humor and blood in a living pig model. | vitreous humor (vh) is an alternative matrix for drug analysis in forensic toxicology. however, little is known about the distribution of xenobiotics, such as opioids, into vh in living organisms. the aim of this study was to simultaneously measure heroin and metabolite concentrations in blood and vh after injection of heroin in a living pig model. six pigs were under non-opioid anesthesia during the surgical operation and experiment. ocular microdialysis was used to acquire dialysate from vh, a ... | 2016 | 27660664 |
| changes in vocal parameters with social context in humpback whales: considering the effect of bystanders. | many theories and communication models developed from terrestrial studies focus on a simple dyadic exchange between a sender and receiver. during social interactions, the "frequency code" hypothesis suggests that frequency characteristics of vocal signals can simultaneously encode for static signaler attributes (size or sex) and dynamic information, such as motivation or emotional state. however, the additional presence of a bystander may result in a change of signaling behavior if the costs and ... | 2016 | 27217614 |
| efficacy and safety of a new single-port model for appendectomy: experimental study on swine. | with the cooperation of surgeons and the engineering division of the company bhio supply(©) (esteio-rs, brazil), a permanent single port was developed. | 0 | 27073304 |
| tissue repair genes: the tire database and its implication for skin wound healing. | wound healing is an inherent feature of any multicellular organism and recent years have brought about a huge amount of data regarding regular and abnormal tissue repair. despite the accumulated knowledge, modulation of wound healing is still a major biomedical challenge, especially in advanced ages. in order to collect and systematically organize what we know about the key players in wound healing, we created the tire (tissue repair) database, an online collection of genes and proteins that wer ... | 0 | 27049721 |
| a decade of pig genome sequencing: a window on pig domestication and evolution. | insight into how genomes change and adapt due to selection addresses key questions in evolutionary biology and in domestication of animals and plants by humans. in that regard, the pig and its close relatives found in africa and eurasia represent an excellent group of species that enables studies of the effect of both natural and human-mediated selection on the genome. the recent completion of the draft genome sequence of a domestic pig and the development of next-generation sequencing technolog ... | 2016 | 27025270 |
| topotecan delivery to the optic nerve after ophthalmic artery chemosurgery. | extraocular retinoblastoma is a major challenge worldwide, especially in developing countries. current treatment involves the administration of systemic chemotherapy combined with radiation, but there is a clear need for improvement of chemotherapy bioavailability in the optic nerve. our aim was to study the ophthalmic artery chemosurgery (oac) local route for drug delivery assessing ocular and optic nerve exposure to chemotherapy and to compare it to exposure after intravenous infusion (iv) of ... | 2016 | 26959658 |
| taxonomic separation of hippocampal networks: principal cell populations and adult neurogenesis. | while many differences in hippocampal anatomy have been described between species, it is typically not clear if they are specific to a particular species and related to functional requirements or if they are shared by species of larger taxonomic units. without such information, it is difficult to infer how anatomical differences may impact on hippocampal function, because multiple taxonomic levels need to be considered to associate behavioral and anatomical changes. to provide information on ana ... | 2016 | 27013984 |
| identification, localization, and functional analysis of the homologues of mouse cabs1 protein in porcine testis. | previously, we have identified a calcium-binding protein that is specifically expressed in spermatids and localized to the flagella of the mature sperm in mouse, so-called mcabs1. however, the physiological roles of cabs1 in the male reproductive system have not been fully elucidated yet. in the current study, we aimed to localize and clarify the role of cabs1 in porcine (pcabs1). we determined for the first time the full nucleotides sequence of pcabs1 mrna. pcabs1 protein was detected on sds-pa ... | 2016 | 26960363 |
| investigating the metabolic syndrome: contributions of swine models. | the metabolic syndrome (mets), a cluster of dyslipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes and an important contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, occurs in nearly 35% of adults and 50% of the aging population in the united states. however, the underlying mechanisms by which mets orchestrates and amplifies cardiovascular events remain elusive. furthermore, traditional therapeutic strategies addressing lifestyle modifications and individual components of mets are often unsuccessful in d ... | 2016 | 26933085 |
| normal electrocardiogram of bama miniature pigs (sus scrofa domestica). | this study determined the normal ecg patterns and values for bama miniature pigs. standard limb-lead ecg were recorded from 120 clinically healthy, unanesthetized piglets (age, 2 to 4 mo). the values for the ecg parameters (mean ± 1 sd) were: heart rate, 125.56 ± 18.80 bpm; p amplitude, 0.11 ± 0.03 mv; qrs amplitude, 0.63 ± 0.31 mv; p duration, 43.99 ± 5.98 ms; qrs complex, 55.27 ± 7.02 ms; rr interval, 487.55 ± 77.32 ms; pr interval, 90.72 ± 11.94 ms; qt interval, 244.72 ± 25.27 ms; and mean el ... | 0 | 27025805 |
| mammalian interspecies substitution of immune modulatory alleles by genome editing. | we describe a fundamentally novel feat of animal genetic engineering: the precise and efficient substitution of an agronomic haplotype into a domesticated species. zinc finger nuclease in-embryo editing of the rela locus generated live born domestic pigs with the warthog rela orthologue, associated with resilience to african swine fever. the ability to efficiently achieve interspecies allele introgression in one generation opens unprecedented opportunities for agriculture and basic research. | 2016 | 26898342 |
| identification of specialists and abundance-occupancy relationships among intestinal bacteria of aves, mammalia, and actinopterygii. | the coalescence of next-generation dna sequencing methods, ecological perspectives, and bioinformatics analysis tools is rapidly advancing our understanding of the evolution and function of vertebrate-associated bacterial communities. delineation of host-microbe associations has applied benefits ranging from clinical treatments to protecting our natural waters. microbial communities follow some broad-scale patterns observed for macroorganisms, but it remains unclear how the specialization of int ... | 2015 | 26712546 |
| structural classification of wild boar (sus scrofa) vocalizations. | determining whether a species' vocal communication system is graded or discrete requires definition of its vocal repertoire. in this context, research on domestic pig (sus scrofa domesticus) vocalizations, for example, has led to significant advances in our understanding of communicative functions. despite their close relation to domestic pigs, little is known about wild boar (sus scrofa) vocalizations. the few existing studies, conducted in the 1970s, relied on visual inspections of spectrogram ... | 2016 | 27065507 |
| establishing the volatile profile of pig carcasses as analogues for human decomposition during the early postmortem period. | following a mass disaster, it is important that victims are rapidly located as the chances of survival decrease greatly after approximately 48 h. urban search and rescue (usar) teams may use a range of tools to assist their efforts but detector dogs still remain one of the most effective search tools to locate victims of mass disasters. usar teams can choose to deploy human scent dogs (trained to locate living victims) or human remains detection (hrd) dogs (trained to locate deceased victims). h ... | 2016 | 27441249 |
| the pig peptideatlas: a resource for systems biology in animal production and biomedicine. | biological research of sus scrofa, the domestic pig, is of immediate relevance for food production sciences, and for developing pig as a model organism for human biomedical research. publicly available data repositories play a fundamental role for all biological sciences, and protein data repositories are in particular essential for the successful development of new proteomic methods. cumulative proteome data repositories, including the peptideatlas, provide the means for targeted proteomics, sy ... | 0 | 26699206 |
| analysis of gene expression and ultrastructure of stifle menisci from juvenile and adult pigs. | the origin of the age-associated degenerative processes in meniscal tissue is poorly understood and may be related to an imbalance of anabolic and catabolic metabolism. the aim of the current study was to compare medial menisci isolated from juvenile pigs and degenerated medial menisci from adult pigs in terms of gene expression profile and ultrastructure. medial menisci were isolated from the knee joints of juvenile and adult pigs (n = 8 for each group). degeneration was determined histological ... | 0 | 26884408 |
| electron probe x-ray microanalysis of boar and inobuta testes after the fukushima accident. | we aimed to investigate the effect of chronic radiation exposure associated with the fukushima daiichi nuclear power plant (fnpp) accident on the testes of boar and inobuta (a hybrid of sus scrofa and sus scrofa domestica). this study examined the contamination levels of radioactive caesium (cs), especially (134)cs and (137)cs, in the testis of both boar and inobuta during 2012, after the fukushima accident. morphological analysis and electron-probe x-ray microanalysis (epma) were also undertake ... | 0 | 26825300 |
| evaluation of a newly developed piezo actuator-driven pulsed water jet system for liver resection in a surviving swine animal model. | preservation of the hepatic vessels while dividing the parenchyma is key to achieving safe liver resection in a timely manner. in this study, we assessed the feasibility of a newly developed, piezo actuator-driven pulsed water jet (adpj) for liver resection in a surviving swine model. | 2016 | 26809992 |
| soybean yield and heterodera glycines responses to liquid swine manure in nematode suppressive soil and conducive soil. | the soybean cyst nematode (scn), heterodera glycines, is a major factor limiting soybean yield. experiments were conducted in 2009 and 2010 to determine the effects of liquid swine manure and chemical fertilizer pk on soybean and corn yields, and on scn population in an scn-suppressive field (s-site) and an scn-conducive field (c-site) in minnesota. the experiment was a split-plot design with crop sequences as main plots and fertilizer treatments as subplots. the 2-yr crop sequences were sus-sus ... | 0 | 23589656 |
| food preferences of winter bird communities in different forest types. | food availability for forest birds is a function of habitat type, forest management regime, and season. in winter, it is also impacted by variations in the weather. in the current study we assessed the food preferences of wild bird populations in two types of forest (spruce and beech) during the months of november 2010 to april 2011 in the schwäbische alb biodiversity exploratory, south-western germany. our aim was to investigate whether local bird communities preferred fat-rich, carbohydrate-ri ... | 2012 | 23300878 |
| authentication of beef, carabeef, chevon, mutton and pork by a pcr-rflp assay of mitochondrial cytb gene. | authentication of meat assumes significance in view of religious, quality assurance, food safety, public health, conservation and legal concerns. here, we describe a pcr-rflp (polymerase chain reaction- restriction fragment length polymorphism) assay targeting mitochondrial cytochrome-b gene for the identification of meats of five most common food animals namely cattle, buffalo, goat, sheep and pig. a pair of forward and reverse primers (vph-f & vph-r) amplifying a conserved region (168-776 bp) ... | 2012 | 26396346 |
| the attraction of virgin female hide beetles (dermestes maculatus) to cadavers by a combination of decomposition odour and male sex pheromones. | | 2012 | 22889339 |
| heritable targeted inactivation of myostatin gene in yellow catfish (pelteobagrus fulvidraco) using engineered zinc finger nucleases. | yellow catfish (pelteobagrus fulvidraco) is one of the most important freshwater aquaculture species in china. however, its small size and lower meat yield limit its edible value. myostatin (mstn) is a negative regulator of mammalian muscle growth. but, the function of mstn in fish remains elusive. to explore roles of mstn gene in fish growth and create a strain of yellow catfish with high amount of muscle mass, we performed targeted disruption of mstn in yellow catfish using engineered zinc-fin ... | 2011 | 22194943 |
| a genomic approach to examine the complex evolution of laurasiatherian mammals. | recent phylogenomic studies have failed to conclusively resolve certain branches of the placental mammalian tree, despite the evolutionary analysis of genomic data from 32 species. previous analyses of single genes and retroposon insertion data yielded support for different phylogenetic scenarios for the most basal divergences. the results indicated that some mammalian divergences were best interpreted not as a single bifurcating tree, but as an evolutionary network. in these studies the relatio ... | 2011 | 22164244 |
| optical properties of in situ eye lenses measured with x-ray talbot interferometry: a novel measure of growth processes. | the lens, a major optical component of the eye, has a gradient refractive index, which is required to provide sufficient refractive power and image quality. the refractive index variations across the lens are dependent on the distributions and concentrations of the varying protein classes. in this study, we present the first measurements of the refractive index in the in situ eye lens from five species using a specially constructed x-ray talbot grating interferometer. the measurements have been ... | 2011 | 21949870 |
| pancreatic islet plasticity: interspecies comparison of islet architecture and composition. | the pancreatic islet displays diverse patterns of endocrine cell arrangement. the prototypic islet, with insulin-secreting beta-cells forming the core surrounded by other endocrine cells in the periphery, is largely based on studies of normal rodent islets. recent reports on large animals, including humans, show a difference in islet architecture, in which the endocrine cells are randomly distributed throughout the islet. this particular species difference has raised concerns regarding the inter ... | 0 | 20657742 |
| evolution and spectral tuning of visual pigments in birds and mammals. | variation in the types and spectral characteristics of visual pigments is a common mechanism for the adaptation of the vertebrate visual system to prevailing light conditions. the extent of this diversity in mammals and birds is discussed in detail in this review, alongside an in-depth consideration of the molecular changes involved. in mammals, a nocturnal stage in early evolution is thought to underlie the reduction in the number of classes of cone visual pigment genes from four to only two, w ... | 0 | 19720655 |
| comparative snp diversity among four eucalyptus species for genes from secondary metabolite biosynthetic pathways. | there is little information about the dna sequence variation within and between closely related plant species. the combination of re-sequencing technologies, large-scale dna pools and availability of reference gene sequences allowed the extensive characterisation of single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) in genes of four biosynthetic pathways leading to the formation of ecologically relevant secondary metabolites in eucalyptus. with this approach the occurrence and patterns of snp variation for ... | 2009 | 19775472 |
| a mathematical analysis of obstructed diffusion within skeletal muscle. | molecules are transported through the myofilament lattice of skeletal muscle fibers during muscle activation. the myofilaments, along with the myosin heads, sarcoplasmic reticulum, t-tubules, and mitochondria, obstruct the diffusion of molecules through the muscle fiber. in this work, we studied the process of obstructed diffusion within the myofilament lattice using monte carlo simulation, level-set and homogenization theory. we found that these intracellular obstacles significantly reduce the ... | 0 | 19527637 |
| anomalous ion diffusion within skeletal muscle transverse tubule networks. | skeletal muscle fibres contain transverse tubular (t-tubule) networks that allow electrical signals to rapidly propagate into the fibre. these electrical signals are generated by the transport of ions across the t-tubule membranes and this can result in significant changes in ion concentrations within the t-tubules during muscle excitation. during periods of repeated high-frequency activation of skeletal muscle the t-tubule k+ concentration is believed to increase significantly and diffusive k+ ... | 2007 | 17509153 |
| low-dose lithium stabilizes human endothelial barrier by decreasing mlc phosphorylation and universally augments cholinergic vasorelaxation capacity in a direct manner. | lithium at serum concentrations up to 1 mmol/l has been used in patients suffering from bipolar disorder for decades and has recently been shown to reduce the risk for ischemic stroke in these patients. the risk for stroke and thromboembolism depend not only on cerebral but also on general endothelial function and health; the entire endothelium as an organ is therefore pathophysiologically relevant. regardless, the knowledge about the direct impact of lithium on endothelial function remains poor ... | 2016 | 27999548 |
| the habitat of coccidioides spp. and the role of animals as reservoirs and disseminators in nature. | coccidioidomycosis, a potentially fatal fungal infection, is considered an emergent mycotic disease because of the increased incidence of fungal infections registered over recent years. infection occurs through the inhalation of arthroconidia from two main species of coccidioides: coccidioides immitis and c. posadasii, which are both endemic to arid and semi-arid regions of north america. coccidioides species not only infect humans but can also infect other mammals (land, aquatic, wild or domest ... | 2016 | 27724885 |
| the impact of proteolytic pork hydrolysate on microbial, flavor and free amino acids compounds of yogurt. | the aim of this study was to investigate the influence of proteolytic pork hydrolysate (pph) on yoghurt production by lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus and streptococcus thermophilus. fresh lean pork was cut into pieces and mixed with deionized water and dealt with protease, then the resulting pph was added to milk to investigate the effects of pph on yoghurt production. the fermentation time, the viable cell counts, the flavor, free amino acids compounds, and sensory evaluation of yog ... | 2016 | 27621698 |
| cerebral autoregulation real-time monitoring. | cerebral autoregulation is a mechanism which maintains constant cerebral blood flow (cbf) despite changes in mean arterial pressure (map). assessing whether this mechanism is intact or impaired and determining its boundaries is important in many clinical settings, where primary or secondary injuries to the brain may occur. herein we describe the development of a new ultrasound tagged near infra red light monitor which tracks cbf trends, in parallel, it continuously measures blood pressure and co ... | 2016 | 27571474 |
| validation of a fecal glucocorticoid assay to assess adrenocortical activity in meerkats using physiological and biological stimuli. | in mammals, glucocorticoid (i.e. gc) levels have been associated with specific life-history stages and transitions, reproductive strategies, and a plethora of behaviors. assessment of adrenocortical activity via measurement of glucocorticoid metabolites in feces (fgcm) has greatly facilitated data collection from wild animals, due to its non-invasive nature, and thus has become an established tool in behavioral ecology and conservation biology. the aim of our study was to validate a fecal glucoc ... | 2016 | 27077741 |
| whipworms in humans and pigs: origins and demography. | trichuris suis and t. trichiura are two different whipworm species that infect pigs and humans, respectively. t. suis is found in pigs worldwide while t. trichiura is responsible for nearly 460 million infections in people, mainly in areas of poor sanitation in tropical and subtropical areas. the evolutionary relationship and the historical factors responsible for this worldwide distribution are poorly understood. in this study, we aimed to reconstruct the demographic history of trichuris in hum ... | 2016 | 26800683 |
| species differences in the geometry of the anterior segment differentially affect anterior chamber cell scoring systems in laboratory animals. | to determine the impact of anterior segment geometry on ocular scoring systems quantifying anterior chamber (ac) cells in humans and 7 common laboratory species. | 2015 | 26539819 |
| sexually antagonistic selection during parental care is not generated by a testosterone-related intralocus sexual conflict-insights from full-sib comparisons. | the evolution of shared male and female traits can be hampered if selection favours sex-specific optima. however, such genomic conflicts can be resolved when independent male and female mechanisms evolve. the existence, extent and consequences of conflict and/or conflict resolution are currently debated. endocrinological traits like plasma testosterone (t) are suitable test cases, given their important role in mediating correlated traits, plus their opposing sex-specific fitness effects. we comp ... | 2015 | 26625951 |
| a breath of fresh air: a quality-improvement study comparing an air-circulating technique versus conventional technique to prevent nasogastric tube dysfunction. | nasogastric tubes are an important component of care in patients with gastrointestinal obstructions. however, they are prone to malfunction despite conventional flushing techniques, with potentially severe consequences. there is no widely accepted, gold-standard way to ensure that a nasogastric tube succeeds in maintaining an empty stomach following flushing. | 2015 | 26617465 |
| a comparative study of the morphology of mammalian chordae tendineae of the mitral and tricuspid valves. | it is assumed that the human heart is almost identical to domestic mammalian species, but with limited literature to support this. one such area that has been underinvestigated is that of the subvalvular apparatus level. the authors set out to examine the morphology of the subvalvular apparatus of the mammalian atrioventricular valves through gross dissection and microscopic analysis in a small-scale pilot study. the authors examined the chordae tendineae of the mitral and tricuspid valves in sh ... | 2015 | 26644912 |
| selection and validation of reference genes for qrt-pcr expression analysis of candidate genes involved in olfactory communication in the butterfly bicyclus anynana. | real-time quantitative reverse transcription pcr (qrt-pcr) is a technique widely used to quantify the transcriptional expression level of candidate genes. qrt-pcr requires the selection of one or several suitable reference genes, whose expression profiles remain stable across conditions, to normalize the qrt-pcr expression profiles of candidate genes. although several butterfly species (lepidoptera) have become important models in molecular evolutionary ecology, so far no study aimed at identify ... | 2015 | 25793735 |
| strong artificial selection in domestic mammals did not result in an increased recombination rate. | recombination rates vary in intensity and location at the species, individual, sex and chromosome levels. despite the fundamental biological importance of this process, the selective forces that operate to shape recombination rate and patterns are unclear. domestication offers a unique opportunity to study the interplay between recombination and selection. in domesticates, intense selection for particular traits is imposed on small populations over many generations, resulting in organisms that d ... | 2014 | 25414125 |
| domestic, peridomestic and wild hosts in the transmission of trypanosoma cruzi in the caatinga area colonised by triatoma brasiliensis. | the role played by different mammal species in the maintenance of trypanosoma cruzi is not constant and varies in time and place. this study aimed to characterise the importance of domestic, wild and peridomestic hosts in the transmission of t. cruzi in tauá, state of ceará, caatinga area, brazil, with an emphasis on those environments colonised by triatoma brasiliensis. direct parasitological examinations were performed on insects and mammals, serologic tests were performed on household and out ... | 2014 | 25410992 |
| pathogenic enterobacteria in lemurs associated with anthropogenic disturbance. | as human population density continues to increase exponentially, speeding the reduction and fragmentation of primate habitat, greater human-primate contact is inevitable, making higher rates of pathogen transmission likely. anthropogenic effects are particularly evident in madagascar, where a diversity of endemic lemur species are threatened by rapid habitat loss. despite these risks, knowledge of how anthropogenic activities affect lemur exposure to pathogens is limited. to improve our understa ... | 2014 | 25328106 |
| normal electrocardiographic and echocardiographic (m-mode and two-dimensional) values in polish landrace pigs. | swine are recognized animal models of human cardiovascular diseases. normal values of cardiac morphology and function have been published for swine but for smaller number of pigs and not for swine whose weights ranged up 100 kg. in order to improve the value of results of an investigation on cardiac morphology and function in swine when such data are extrapolated to humans, the aim of this study was to document electrocardiographic and echocardiographic measures of cardiac morphology and functio ... | 2014 | 25196530 |
| when is it socially acceptable to feel sick? | disease is a ubiquitous and powerful evolutionary force. hosts have evolved behavioural and physiological responses to disease that are associated with increased survival. behavioural modifications, known as 'sickness behaviours', frequently involve symptoms such as lethargy, somnolence and anorexia. current research has demonstrated that the social environment is a potent modulator of these behaviours: when conflicting social opportunities arise, animals can decrease or entirely forgo experienc ... | 0 | 24943375 |
| reliable in vitro studies require appropriate ovarian cancer cell lines. | ovarian cancer is the fifth most common cause of cancer death in women and the leading cause of death from gynaecological malignancies. of the 75% women diagnosed with locally advanced or disseminated disease, only 30% will survive five years following treatment. this poor prognosis is due to the following reasons: limited understanding of the tumor origin, unclear initiating events and early developmental stages of ovarian cancer, lack of reliable ovarian cancer-specific biomarkers, and drug re ... | 2014 | 24936210 |
| experimental feeding of hydrilla verticillata colonized by stigonematales cyanobacteria induces vacuolar myelinopathy in painted turtles (chrysemys picta). | vacuolar myelinopathy (vm) is a neurologic disease primarily found in birds that occurs when wildlife ingest submerged aquatic vegetation colonized by an uncharacterized toxin-producing cyanobacterium (hereafter "ucb" for "uncharacterized cyanobacterium"). turtles are among the closest extant relatives of birds and many species directly and/or indirectly consume aquatic vegetation. however, it is unknown whether turtles can develop vm. we conducted a feeding trial to determine whether painted tu ... | 2014 | 24695109 |
| the community of hymenoptera parasitizing necrophagous diptera in an urban biotope. | most reports published in the field of forensic entomology are focused on diptera and neglect the hymenoptera community. however, hymenoptera are part of the entomofaunal colonization of a dead body. the use of hymenoptera parasitoids in forensic entomology can be relevant to evaluate the time of death. hymenoptera parasitoids of the larvae and pupae of flies may play an important role in the estimation of the post-mortem period because their time of attack is often restricted to a small, well-d ... | 0 | 23895458 |
| too fresh is unattractive! the attraction of newly emerged nicrophorus vespilloides females to odour bouquets of large cadavers at various stages of decomposition. | the necrophagous burying beetle nicrophorus vespilloides reproduces on small carcasses that are buried underground to serve as food for their offspring. cadavers that are too large to bury have previously been postulated to be important food sources for newly emerged beetles; however, the attractiveness of distinct successive stages of decomposition were not further specified. therefore, we investigated the potential preference of newly emerged n. vespilloides females for odour bouquets of pigle ... | 2013 | 23516497 |
| the porcine tspy gene is tricopy but not a copy number variant. | the testis-specific protein y-encoded (tspy) gene is situated on the mammalian y-chromosome and exhibits some remarkable biological characteristics. it has the highest known copy number (cn) of all protein coding genes in the human and bovine genomes (up to 74 and 200, respectively) and also shows high individual variability. although the biological function of tspy has not yet been elucidated, its specific expression in the testis and several identified binding domains within the protein sugges ... | 2015 | 26133983 |
| persistent bovine viral diarrhea virus infection in domestic and wild small ruminants and camelids including the mountain goat (oreamnos americanus). | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) is a pestivirus best known for causing a variety of disease syndromes in cattle, including gastrointestinal disease, reproductive insufficiency, immunosuppression, mucosal disease, and hemorrhagic syndrome. the virus can be spread by transiently infected individuals and by persistently infected animals that may be asymptomatic while shedding large amounts of virus throughout their lifetime. bvdv has been reported in over 40 domestic and free-ranging species, an ... | 2016 | 26779126 |
| absence of nucleolus formation in raccoon dog-porcine interspecies somatic cell nuclear transfer embryos results in embryonic developmental failure. | interspecies somatic cell nuclear transfer (iscnt) can be a solution for preservation of endangered species that have limited oocytes. it has been reported that blastocyst production by iscnt is successful even if the genetic distances between donors and recipients are large. in particular, domestic pig oocytes can support the development of canine to porcine iscnt embryos. therefore, we examined whether porcine oocytes may be suitable recipient oocytes for korean raccoon dog iscnt. we investiga ... | 2016 | 27064112 |
| epidemiology and molecular characterization of cryptosporidium spp. in humans, wild primates, and domesticated animals in the greater gombe ecosystem, tanzania. | cryptosporidium is an important zoonotic parasite globally. few studies have examined the ecology and epidemiology of this pathogen in rural tropical systems characterized by high rates of overlap among humans, domesticated animals, and wildlife. we investigated risk factors for cryptosporidium infection and assessed cross-species transmission potential among people, non-human primates, and domestic animals in the gombe ecosystem, kigoma district, tanzania. a cross-sectional survey was designed ... | 2015 | 25700265 |
| pathogen presence in feral pigs and their movement around two commercial piggeries in queensland, australia. | feral pigs are wild animal reservoirs of infectious pathogens transmissible to other species, all of which are transmissible to domestic pigs. the objective of this study was to detect the presence of harmful production-limiting pathogens; brucella suis, leptospira species, lawsonia intracellularis, mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae in a feral pig population within a 10 km radius of two large-scale commercial piggeries in southern queensland, australia. the movement pa ... | 2014 | 24572722 |
| dna-binding properties of the african swine fever virus pa104r, a histone-like protein involved in viral replication and transcription. | african swine fever virus (asfv) codes for a putative histone-like protein (pa104r) with extensive sequence homology to bacterial proteins that are implicated in genome replication and packaging. functional characterization of purified recombinant pa104r revealed that it binds to ssdna and dsdna over a wide range of temperatures, ph values, salt concentrations and in an atp-independent manner, with an estimated binding site size of about 14-16 nucleotides. using site-directed mutagenesis, the ar ... | 2017 | 28381576 |
| co-circulation of multiple genotypes of african swine fever viruses among domestic pigs in zambia (2013-2015). | during 2013-2015, several and severe outbreaks of african swine fever (asf) affected domestic pigs in six provinces of zambia. genetic characterization of asf viruses (asfvs) using standardized genotyping procedures revealed that genotypes i, ii and xiv were associated with these outbreaks. molecular and epidemiological data suggest that genotype ii asfv (georgia 2007/1-like) detected in northern province of zambia may have been introduced from neighbouring tanzania. also, a genotype ii virus de ... | 2017 | 28299893 |
| understanding african swine fever infection dynamics in sardinia using a spatially explicit transmission model in domestic pig farms. | african swine fever virus (asfv) has been endemic in sardinia since 1978, resulting in severe losses for local pig producers and creating important problems for the island's veterinary authorities. this study used a spatially explicit stochastic transmission model followed by two regression models to investigate the dynamics of asfv spread amongst domestic pig farms, to identify geographic areas at highest risk and determine the role of different susceptible pig populations (registered domestic ... | 2017 | 28296281 |
| genetic assessment of african swine fever isolates involved in outbreaks in the democratic republic of congo between 2005 and 2012 reveals co-circulation of p72 genotypes i, ix and xiv, including 19 variants. | african swine fever (asf) is a devastating disease of domestic pigs. it is a socioeconomically important disease, initially described from kenya, but subsequently reported in most sub-saharan countries. asf spread to europe, south america and the caribbean through multiple introductions which were initially eradicated-except for sardinia-followed by re‑introduction into europe in 2007. in this study of asf within the democratic republic of the congo, 62 domestic pig samples, collected between 20 ... | 2017 | 28218698 |
| variations in clinical presentation and anatomical distribution of gross lesions of african swine fever in domestic pigs in the southern highlands of tanzania: a field experience. | african swine fever is a contagious viral disease responsible for up to 100% mortality among domestic pigs. a longitudinal study was carried out to determine the clinical presentation and anatomical distribution of gross lesions in affected pigs in mbeya region, tanzania during the 2010 to 2014 outbreaks. data were collected during clinical and postmortem examination by field veterinarians and using a structured questionnaire. a total of 118 respondents (100%) showed awareness about african swin ... | 2017 | 27915438 |
| influence of age and dose of african swine fever virus infections on clinical outcome and blood parameters in pigs. | african swine fever (asf) is a fatal disease for domestic pigs, leading to serious economic losses in countries where asf is endemic. despite extensive research, efficient vaccines against asf are lacking. since peripheral blood cells are important mediators for vaccines, we study the impact of asf on blood parameters in pigs with different ages and infected with different doses of asf virus. four different groups were studied: (1) 12 weeks of age/low virus dose; (2) 12 weeks of age/high virus d ... | 2017 | 27875662 |
| simultaneous deletion of the 9gl and uk genes from the african swine fever virus georgia 2007 isolate offers increased safety and protection against homologous challenge. | african swine fever virus (asfv) is the etiological agent of a contagious and often lethal viral disease of domestic pigs that has significant economic consequences for the swine industry. the control of african swine fever (asf) has been hampered by the unavailability of vaccines. successful experimental vaccines have been derived from naturally occurring, cell culture-adapted, or genetically modified live attenuated asfv. recombinant viruses harboring engineered deletions of specific virulence ... | 2017 | 27795430 |
| challenges for african swine fever vaccine development-"… perhaps the end of the beginning." | african swine fever (asf), an acute, viral hemorrhagic disease in domestic swine with mortality rates approaching 100%, is arguably the most significant emerging disease threat for the swine industry worldwide. devastating asf outbreaks and continuing epidemic in the caucasus region and russia (2007-to date) highlight significance of this disease threat. there is no vaccine for asf, thus leaving animal slaughter the only effective disease control option. it is clear, however, that vaccination is ... | 2016 | 27756505 |
| apigenin inhibits african swine fever virus infection in vitro. | african swine fever virus (asfv) is one of the most devastating diseases of domestic pigs for which no effective vaccines are available. flavonoids, natural products isolated from plants, have been reported to have significant in vitro and in vivo antiviral activity against different viruses. here, we tested the antiviral effect of five flavonoids on the replication of asfv in vero cells. our results showed a potent, dose-dependent anti-asfv effect of apigenin in vitro. time-of-addition experime ... | 2016 | 27638776 |
| induction of robust immune responses in swine by using a cocktail of adenovirus-vectored african swine fever virus antigens. | the african swine fever virus (asfv) causes a fatal hemorrhagic disease in domestic swine, and at present no treatment or vaccine is available. natural and gene-deleted, live attenuated strains protect against closely related virulent strains; however, they are yet to be deployed and evaluated in the field to rule out chronic persistence and a potential for reversion to virulence. previous studies suggest that antibodies play a role in protection, but induction of cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctls) ... | 2016 | 27628166 |
| in vitro inhibition of african swine fever virus-topoisomerase ii disrupts viral replication. | african swine fever virus (asfv) is the etiological agent of a highly-contagious and fatal disease of domestic pigs, leading to serious socio-economic impact in affected countries. to date, neither a vaccine nor a selective anti-viral drug are available for prevention or treatment of african swine fever (asf), emphasizing the need for more detailed studies at the role of asfv proteins involved in viral dna replication and transcription. notably, asfv encodes for a functional type ii topoisomeras ... | 2016 | 27568922 |
| companion animals as a source of viruses for human beings and food production animals. | companion animals comprise a wide variety of species, including dogs, cats, horses, ferrets, guinea pigs, reptiles, birds and ornamental fish, as well as food production animal species, such as domestic pigs, kept as companion animals. despite their prominent place in human society, little is known about the role of companion animals as sources of viruses for people and food production animals. therefore, we reviewed the literature for accounts of infections of companion animals by zoonotic viru ... | 2016 | 27522300 |
| deletion of african swine fever virus interferon inhibitors from the genome of a virulent isolate reduces virulence in domestic pigs and induces a protective response. | african swine fever virus (asfv) encodes multiple copies of mgf360 and mgf530/505 gene families. these genes have been implicated in the modulation of the type i interferon (ifn) response. we investigated the effect of modulating the ifn response on virus attenuation and induction of protective immunity by deleting genes mgf360 (mgf360-10l, 11l, 12l, 13l, 14l) and mgf530/505 (mgf530/505-1r, 2r and 3r) and interrupting genes (mgf360-9l and mgf530/505-4r) in the genome of the virulent asfv isolate ... | 2016 | 27521231 |
| the ep152r orf of african swine fever virus strain georgia encodes for an essential gene that interacts with host protein bag6. | african swine fever virus (asfv) is the etiological agent of a contagious and often lethal disease of domestic pigs that has significant economic consequences for the swine industry. the viral genome encodes for more than 150 genes, and only a select few of these genes have been studied in some detail. here we report the characterization of open reading frame ep152r that has a predicted complement control module/scr domain. this domain is found in vaccinia virus proteins that are involved in blo ... | 2016 | 27497620 |
| development of a duplex lateral flow assay for simultaneous detection of antibodies against african and classical swine fever viruses. | classical swine fever (csf) and african swine fever (asf) are both highly contagious diseases of domestic pigs and wild boar and are clinically indistinguishable. for both diseases, antibody detection is an integral and crucial part of prevention and control measures. the purpose of our study was to develop and initially validate a duplex pen-side test for simultaneous detection and differentiation of specific antibodies against csf virus (csfv) and asf virus (asfv). the test was based on the ma ... | 2016 | 27400954 |
| recombinant protein p30 for serological diagnosis of african swine fever by immunoblotting assay. | this article is devoted to the development and evaluation of the immunoblotting test system for serological diagnosis of african swine fever (asf), based on the highly purified recombinant p30 of asf virus (asfv) strain stavropol 01/08 (stavropol 2008), representative of the asfv currently circulating in the russian federation. the main project stages are as follows: (i) cloning of the central hydrophilic region of the asfv gene cp204l (p30) into a prokaryotic vector; (ii) expression and chromat ... | 2016 | 27390151 |
| diagnosis and genotyping of african swine fever viruses from 2015 outbreaks in zambia. | in early 2015, a highly fatal haemorrhagic disease of domestic pigs resembling african swine fever (asf) occurred in north western, copperbelt, and lusaka provinces of zambia. molecular diagnosis by polymerase chain reaction targeting specific amplification of p72 (b646l) gene of asf virus (asfv) was conducted. fourteen out of 16 domestic pigs from the affected provinces were found to be positive for asfv. phylogenetic analyses based on part of the p72 and the complete p54 (e183l) genes revealed ... | 2016 | 27247062 |
| identification of a new genotype of african swine fever virus in domestic pigs from ethiopia. | african swine fever (asf) is an important emerging transboundary animal disease (tad), which currently has an impact on many countries in africa, eastern europe, the caucasus and the russian federation. the current situation in europe shows the ability of the virus to rapidly spread, which stands to threaten the global swine industry. at present, there is no viable vaccine to minimize spread of the disease and stamping out is the main source of control. in february 2011, ethiopia had reported it ... | 2016 | 27211823 |
| african swine fever virus georgia isolate harboring deletions of 9gl and mgf360/505 genes is highly attenuated in swine but does not confer protection against parental virus challenge. | african swine fever virus (asfv) produces a contagious disease of domestic pigs that results in severe economic consequences to the swine industry. control of the disease has been hampered by the unavailability of vaccines. we recently reported the development of two experimental vaccine strains (asfv-g-δ9gl and asfv-g-δmgf) based on the attenuation of the highly virulent and epidemiologically relevant georgia2007 isolate. deletion of the 9gl gene or six genes of the mgf360/505 group produced tw ... | 2016 | 27182007 |
| african swine fever virus undergoes outer envelope disruption, capsid disassembly and inner envelope fusion before core release from multivesicular endosomes. | african swine fever virus (asfv) is a nucleocytoplasmic large dna virus (ncldv) that causes a highly lethal disease in domestic pigs. as other ncldvs, the extracellular form of asfv possesses a multilayered structure consisting of a genome-containing nucleoid successively wrapped by a thick protein core shell, an inner lipid membrane, an icosahedral protein capsid and an outer lipid envelope. this structural complexity suggests an intricate mechanism of internalization in order to deliver the vi ... | 2016 | 27110717 |
| african swine fever virus introduction into the eu in 2014: experience of latvia. | african swine fever (asf) virus was introduced in latvia in june 2014. thirty-two outbreaks in domestic pigs and 217 cases in wild boar were notified in 2014. twenty-eight outbreaks (87.5%) were primary outbreaks. the contagiosity within pig herds was low. failure to use simple biosecurity measures to reduce the chance of virus introduction, for example by inadvertent feeding of locally produced virus contaminated fodder were the main causes for the outbreaks in backyard holdings. the infection ... | 2016 | 27033903 |
| recombinant newcastle disease virus expressing african swine fever virus protein 72 is safe and immunogenic in mice. | african swine fever (asf) is a lethal hemorrhagic disease that affects wild and domestic swine. the etiological agent of asf is african swine fever virus (asfv). since the first case was described in kenya in 1921, the disease has spread to many other countries. no commercial vaccines are available to prevent asf. in this study, we generated a recombinant newcastle disease virus (rndv) expressing asfv protein 72 (p72) by reverse genetics and evaluated its humoral and cellular immunogenicity in a ... | 2016 | 26980334 |
| african swine fever virus: current state and future perspectives in vaccine and antiviral research. | african swine fever (asf) is among the most significant of swine diseases for which no effective vaccines and antivirals are available. the disease, which is endemic in africa, was introduced to trans-caucasian countries and the russian federation in 2007, where it remains prevalent today among domestic pigs and wild boars. although some measures were implemented, asf continues to pose a global risk for all countries, and thereby highlighting the importance of vaccine and antiviral research. in ... | 2016 | 26931386 |
| deletion of the thymidine kinase gene induces complete attenuation of the georgia isolate of african swine fever virus. | african swine fever virus (asfv) is the etiological agent of a contagious and often lethal viral disease of domestic pigs. there are no vaccines to control africa swine fever (asf). experimental vaccines have been developed using genetically modified live attenuated asfvs obtained by specifically deleting virus genes involved in virulence, including the thymidine kinase (tk) gene. tk has been shown to be involved in the virulence of several viruses, including asfv. here we report the constructio ... | 2016 | 26656424 |
| new insights into the role of ticks in african swine fever epidemiology. | african swine fever (asf), one of the most important diseases of swine, is present in many african countries, as well as in eastern europe, russia and sardinia. it is caused by a complex virus, asf virus (asfv), for which neither vaccine nor treatment is available. asfv affects swine of all breeds and ages, and also replicates in soft ticks of the genus ornithodoros, facilitating asfv persistence and reocurrence of disease. depending on the involvement of these ticks, and the presence or not of ... | 2015 | 26601452 |
| african swine fever virus georgia 2007 with a deletion of virulence-associated gene 9gl (b119l), when administered at low doses, leads to virus attenuation in swine and induces an effective protection against homologous challenge. | african swine fever virus (asfv) is the etiological agent of an often lethal disease of domestic pigs. disease control strategies have been hampered by the unavailability of vaccines against asfv. since its introduction in the republic of georgia, a highly virulent virus, asfv georgia 2007 (asfv-g), has caused an epizootic that spread rapidly into eastern european countries. currently no vaccines are available or under development to control asfv-g. in the past, genetically modified asfvs harbor ... | 2015 | 26063424 |
| [on the situation of african swine fever and the biological characterization of recent virus isolates]. | african swine fever (asf), a disease notifiable to the world organization of animal health (oie), is characterized by severe, unspecific clinical signs and high mortality rates. hosts for asf virus (asfv) are only members of the family suidae and soft ticks of the genus ornithodoros. currently, no vaccine is available and therefore, the control is primarily based on strict sanitary measures. the most important part is the early detection of the disease within affected animal holdings and the fas ... | 2015 | 26054220 |
| experimental pig-to-pig transmission dynamics for african swine fever virus, georgia 2007/1 strain. | african swine fever virus (asfv) continues to cause outbreaks in domestic pigs and wild boar in eastern european countries. to gain insights into its transmission dynamics, we estimated the pig-to-pig basic reproduction number (r 0) for the georgia 2007/1 asfv strain using a stochastic susceptible-exposed-infectious-recovered (seir) model with parameters estimated from transmission experiments. models showed that r 0 is 2·8 [95% confidence interval (ci) 1·3-4·8] within a pen and 1·4 (95% ci 0·6- ... | 2016 | 25989921 |
| a longitudinal survey of african swine fever in uganda reveals high apparent disease incidence rates in domestic pigs, but absence of detectable persistent virus infections in blood and serum. | african swine fever (asf) is a fatal, haemorrhagic disease of domestic pigs, that poses a serious threat to pig farmers and is currently endemic in domestic pigs in most of sub-saharan africa. to obtain insight into the factors related to asf outbreaks at the farm-level, a longitudinal study was performed in one of the major pig producing areas in central uganda. potential risk factors associated with outbreaks of asf were investigated including the possible presence of apparently healthy asf-vi ... | 2015 | 25967670 |
| the assessment of african swine fever virus risk to belgium early 2014, using the quick and semiquantitative pandora screening protocol. | a risk assessment was organized during the early eu asf outbreaks of early 2014 (february-april) and performed in cooperation with 15 belgian and european experts on asfv and its epidemiology in pigs/wild boar. african swine fever (asf) is considered as one of the most dangerous infectious pig diseases, causing many outbreaks. since the end of 2013 - early 2014, several outbreaks within the european union (lithuania, poland, estonia and latvia) were reported to oie, which prompted several risk a ... | 2017 | 25939453 |
| course and transmission characteristics of oral low-dose infection of domestic pigs and european wild boar with a caucasian african swine fever virus isolate. | in 2007, african swine fever virus (asfv) was introduced into the transcaucasian countries and russia. since then, it has spread alarmingly and reached the european union. asfv strains are highly virulent and lead to almost 100% mortality under experimental conditions. however, the possibility of dose-dependent disease courses has been discussed. for this reason, a study was undertaken to assess the risk of chronic disease and the establishment of carriers upon low-dose oronasal infection of dom ... | 2015 | 25916610 |
| african swine fever virus georgia isolate harboring deletions of mgf360 and mgf505 genes is attenuated in swine and confers protection against challenge with virulent parental virus. | african swine fever virus (asfv) is the etiological agent of a contagious and often lethal disease of domestic pigs that has significant economic consequences for the swine industry. the control of african swine fever (asf) has been hampered by the unavailability of vaccines. experimental vaccines have been developed using genetically modified live attenuated asfvs where viral genes involved in virus virulence were removed from the genome. multigene family 360 (mgf360) and mgf505 represent a gro ... | 2015 | 25810553 |
| experimental infection of domestic pigs with african swine fever virus lithuania 2014 genotype ii field isolate. | an experimental infection was conducted to evaluate horizontal transmission, clinical, virological and humoral response induced in domestic pigs infected with african swine fever (asf) genotype ii virus circulating in 2014 into the european union (eu). ten naive pigs were placed in contact with eight pigs experimentally inoculated with the lithuanian lt14/1490 asf virus (asfv) responsible for the first asf case detected in wild boar in lithuania in january 2014. clinical examination and rectal t ... | 2017 | 25808027 |
| a study of lymphoid organs and serum proinflammatory cytokines in pigs infected with african swine fever virus genotype ii. | african swine fever virus (asfv), the causative agent of one of the most important viral diseases of domestic pigs for which no vaccine is available, causes immune system disorders in infected animals. in this study, the serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines, as well as the histological and cellular constitution of lymphoid organs of pigs infected with asfv genotype ii were investigated. the results showed a high degree of lymphocyte depletion in the lymphoid organs, particularly in the sple ... | 2015 | 25797197 |
| immunization of african indigenous pigs with attenuated genotype i african swine fever virus ourt88/3 induces protection against challenge with virulent strains of genotype i. | the attenuated african swine fever virus genotype i strain ourt88/3 has previously been shown to induce protection of european breeds of domestic pigs against challenge with virulent isolates. to determine whether protective immune responses could also be induced in indigenous breeds of pigs from the kinshassa region in democratic republic of congo, we immunized a group of eight pigs with ourt88/3 strain and challenged the pigs 3 weeks later with virulent genotype i strain ourt88/1. four of the ... | 2016 | 25691347 |
| the progressive adaptation of a georgian isolate of african swine fever virus to vero cells leads to a gradual attenuation of virulence in swine corresponding to major modifications of the viral genome. | african swine fever virus (asfv) causes a contagious and often lethal disease of feral and domestic swine. experimental vaccines derived from naturally occurring, genetically modified, or cell culture-adapted asfv have been evaluated, but no commercial vaccine is available to control african swine fever (asf). we report here the genotypic and phenotypic analysis of viruses obtained at different passages during the process of adaptation of a virulent asfv field isolate from the republic of georgi ... | 2015 | 25505073 |
| investigation into the epidemiology of african swine fever virus at the wildlife - domestic interface of the gorongosa national park, central mozambique. | an epidemiological study of african swine fever (asf) was conducted between march 2006 and september 2007 in a rural area adjacent to the gorongosa national park (gnp) located in the central mozambique. domestic pigs and warthogs were sampled to determine the prevalence of antibodies against asf virus and the salivary antigens of ornithodoros spp. ticks, while ticks collected from pig pens were tested for the presence of asfv. in addition, 310 framers were interviewed to gain a better understand ... | 2016 | 25483914 |
| african swine fever diagnosis adapted to tropical conditions by the use of dried-blood filter papers. | the performance of whatman 3-mm filter papers for the collection, drying, shipment and long-term storage of blood at ambient temperature, and for the detection of african swine fever virus and antibodies was assessed. conventional and real-time pcr, viral isolation and antibody detection by elisa were performed on paired samples (blood/tissue versus dried-blood 3-mm filter papers) collected from experimentally infected pigs and from farm pigs in madagascar and côte d'ivoire. 3-mm filter papers w ... | 2016 | 25430732 |
| expression library immunization can confer protection against lethal challenge with african swine fever virus. | african swine fever is one of the most devastating pig diseases, against which there is no vaccine available. recent work from our laboratory has demonstrated the protective potential of dna vaccines encoding three african swine fever viral antigens (p54, p30, and the hemagglutinin extracellular domain) fused to ubiquitin. partial protection was afforded in the absence of detectable antibodies prior to virus challenge, and survival correlated with the presence of a large number of hemagglutinin- ... | 2014 | 25210179 |
| vaccine potential of two previously uncharacterized african swine fever virus isolates from southern africa and heterologous cross protection of an avirulent european isolate. | african swine fever (asf) is a mostly fatal viral infection of domestic pigs for which there is no vaccine available. the disease is endemic to most of sub-saharan africa, causes severe losses and threatens food security in large parts of the continent. naturally occurring attenuated asf viruses have been tested as vaccine candidates, but protection was variable depending on the challenge virus. in this study, the virulence of two african isolates, one from a tick vector and the other from an in ... | 2016 | 25073549 |
| first molecular assessment of the african swine fever virus status of ornithodoros ticks from swaziland. | african swine fever (asf) is an economically significant haemorrhagic disease of domestic pigs. it is caused by the african swine fever virus (asfv), a deoxyribonucleic acid (dna)arbovirus. argasid ticks of the genus ornithodoros, which are widely distributed throughout southern africa, play a primary role in virus maintenance and spread within the endemic sylvatic cycle. the asf status of swaziland is unknown, but this land-locked country is surrounded by asf-positive countries, has a burgeonin ... | 2014 | 26304186 |
| prevalence of african swine fever virus in apparently healthy domestic pigs in uganda. | african swine fever (asf) is a contagious viral disease which can cause up to 100% mortality among domestic pigs leading to serious socio-economic impact on people's livelihoods. asf is endemic in uganda and there is paucity of information on the epidemiology of the disease. the major aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence and prevalence of african swine fever virus (asfv) in apparently healthy slaughter pigs at wambizi slaughterhouse in kampala city, uganda. we also estimated the ... | 2013 | 24369729 |
| pathogenesis of highly virulent african swine fever virus in domestic pigs exposed via intraoropharyngeal, intranasopharyngeal, and intramuscular inoculation, and by direct contact with infected pigs. | to investigate the pathogenesis of african swine fever virus (asfv), domestic pigs (n=18) were challenged with a range (10(2)-10(6) 50% hemadsorbing doses (had50)) of the highly virulent asfv-malawi strain by inoculation via the intraoropharyngeal (iop), intranasopharyngeal (inp), or intramuscular (im) routes. a subsequent contact challenge experiment was performed in which six iop-inoculated donor pigs were allowed to have direct contact (dc) with six naïve pigs for exposure times that varied f ... | 2013 | 24076499 |
| comprehensive phylogenetic reconstructions of african swine fever virus: proposal for a new classification and molecular dating of the virus. | african swine fever (asf) is a highly lethal disease of domestic pigs caused by the only known dna arbovirus. it was first described in kenya in 1921 and since then many isolates have been collected worldwide. however, although several phylogenetic studies have been carried out to understand the relationships between the isolates, no molecular dating analyses have been achieved so far. in this paper, comprehensive phylogenetic reconstructions were made using newly generated, publicly available s ... | 2013 | 23936068 |
| [african swine fever in russian federation]. | african swine fever (asf) is an infectious viral disease that causes high economic losses due to the necessity of depopulation of pigs in affected areas, sanitary measures, trade restrictions, etc. the virus (asfv) is relatively stable in the unprocessed meat products and environment. thus, large areas are at risk due to free movement of people and products. the asfv does not affect people and animals, except the wild and domestic pigs. some ticks can become infected and carry the virus for year ... | 2016 | 23248852 |