| detection and molecular characterization of suid herpesvirus type 1 in austrian wild boar and hunting dogs. | aujeszky's disease (ad), caused by suid herpesvirus type 1 (suhv-1), is an economically important disease in domestic swine. thus, rigorous control programmes have been implemented and consecutively ad in domestic swine was successfully eradicated in many countries, including austria. however, suhv-1 continues to thrive in wild boar populations, as indicated by high seroprevalences in a number of european countries and by occasional cases of ad in hunting dogs. for the first time, suhv-1 was det ... | 2011 | 22264387 |
| interferon status and white blood cells during infection with african swine fever virus in vivo. | african swine fever virus (asfv) is the causative agent of african swine fever that is the significant disease of domestic pigs, with high rates of mortality. asfv is double-stranded dna virus whose genes encode some proteins that are implicated in the suppression of host immune response. in this study, we have modeled in vivo infection of asfv for determination of interferon (ifn) status in infected pigs. we measured the level of ifn-α, -β and -γ by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and showed ... | 2011 | 22226551 |
| use of a modified chitosan-dextran gel to prevent peritoneal adhesions in a porcine hemicolectomy model. | background: the prevention of peritoneal adhesions following abdominal surgery remains an ongoing challenge, with the ideal product for adhesion reduction still elusive. this study examines the outcome of application of a modified chitosan-dextran (cd) gel within the intraperitoneal cavity of a porcine model to assess its effect on adhesion formation. this is a unique synthetic gel, its active ingredients being succinyl chitosan and dextran aldehyde. materials and methods: twenty female domestic ... | 2011 | 22261595 |
| clinical results of the application of a hemoglobin spray to promote healing of chronic wounds. | a new technological approach for supplying hypoxic chronic wounds with oxygen is a moist wound treatment with aqueous solutions containing tissue compatible oxygen binders. this facilitates diffusion of oxygen, necessary for the healing process, from the surroundings (room air through an open-porous wound padding) into the ulcerous tissue. a product that is still in development is a spray which contains hemoglobin obtained from domestic pigs. clinical investigations (a clinical trial, treatment ... | 2011 | 22242086 |
| cloning, characterization, and expression analysis of the pig (sus scrofa) c1q tumor necrosis factor-related protein-5 gene. | autosomal dominant early-onset long anterior zonules (lazs) and late-onset retinal degeneration (l-ord) in humans are associated with the s163r mutation of the complement 1q-tumor necrosis factor related protein-5 (ctrp5) gene. for using the pig as an l-ord model for the study of pathology, we cloned, characterized, and studied the expression profile of pig ctrp5 (pctrp5). | 2012 | 22275800 |
| iodoacetic acid, but not sodium iodate, creates an inducible swine model of photoreceptor damage. | our purpose was to find a method to create a large animal model of inducible photoreceptor damage. to this end, we tested in domestic swine the efficacy of two chemical toxins, known to create photoreceptor damage in other species: iodoacetic acid (iaa) and sodium iodate (naio(3)). intravenous (iv) administration of naio(3) up to 90 mg/kg had no effect on retinal function and 110 mg/kg was lethal. iv administration of iaa (5-20 mg/kg) produced concentration-dependent changes in visual function a ... | 2012 | 22251455 |
| identification and characterization of h2n3 avian influenza virus from backyard poultry and comparison with novel h2n3 swine influenza virus. | in early 2007, h2n3 influenza virus was isolated from a duck and a chicken in two separate poultry flocks in ohio. since the same subtype influenza virus with hemagglutinin (h) and neuraminidase (n) genes of avian lineage was also identified in a swine herd in missouri in 2006, the objective of this study was to characterize and compare the genetic, antigenic, and biologic properties of the avian and swine isolates. avian isolates were low pathogenic by in vivo chicken pathogenicity testing. seq ... | 2011 | 22312981 |
| [study on hepatocyte apoptosis of domestic pigs experimentally infected with taenia asiatica and taenia saginata]. | to investigate apoptosis in liver tissue of the domestic pigs infected with eggs of taenia asiatica and taenia saginata. | 2012 | 23484276 |
| african swine fever in the russian federation: spatio-temporal analysis and epidemiological overview. | african swine fever is viral disease of domestic and wild pigs which leads to almost total mortality and causes great economic losses due to absence of vaccine. having been introduced into the russian federation in 2007 the disease has spread widely in the southern region of the country and since 2011 has demonstrated a tendency to form a secondary endemic zone in the central part of the country. in the present study spatio-temporal patterns of asf diffusion in the populations of wild and domest ... | 2012 | 23274108 |
| a survey of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome among wild boar populations in korea. | no information is currently available on porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) infection in wild boars (sus scrofa) in korea. in this study, the status of prrs in wild boars was investigated. blood samples were collected from 267 wild boars from eight provinces in korea. four of the samples tested (1.5%) were positive for prrsv antibodies and eight (3.0%) were positive for antigens. of the virus-positive samples, three and five samples were typed as containing european (eu, ... | 2012 | 23271179 |
| african swine fever in the north caucasus region and the russian federation in years 2007-2012. | since the introduction of the virus into the republic of georgia in 2007 african swine fever (asf) has become a large-scale epidemic involving the domestic pig population but wild boars are involved as well. from 2008 to 2009 the asf epidemic affected wild and domestic pigs in all the southern regions of the russian federation (rf). the driving force of the epidemic in its initial stages was direct contact between infected wild boars and between wild boars and traditionally free-ranging domestic ... | 2012 | 23266725 |
| modulation of chemokine and chemokine receptor expression following infection of porcine macrophages with african swine fever virus. | african swine fever virus (asfv) is the only member of the asfarviridae, a large dna virus family which replicates predominantly in the cytoplasm. most isolates cause a fatal haemorrhagic disease in domestic pigs, although some low virulence isolates cause little or no mortality. the modulation of chemokine responses following infection of porcine macrophages with low and high virulence isolates was studied to indicate how this may be involved in the induction of pathogenesis and of effective im ... | 2012 | 23265239 |
| teschoviruses and sapeloviruses in faecal samples from wild boar in spain. | teschovirus and sapelovirus are two genera of the picornaviridae family, comprising highly variable and heterogeneous enteric viruses, commonly found in faecal samples from domestic pigs. although both of them are also known to infect wild boar, studies on their presence in these wild suids are scarce. the present study aimed at determining the presence of porcine teschovirus (ptv) and sapelovirus (psv) in free-living wild boar populations, as well as to study their relationships with similar vi ... | 2012 | 23265238 |
| cytochrome b based genetic differentiation of indian wild pig (sus scrofa cristatus) and domestic pig (sus scrofa domestica) and its use in wildlife forensics. | the indian wild pig (sus scrofa cristatus) is a protected species and listed in the indian wildlife (protection) act, 1972. the wild pig is often hunted illegally and sold in market as meat warranting punishment under law. to avoid confusion in identification of these two subspecies during wildlife forensic examinations, we describe genetic differentiation of indian wild and domestic pigs using a molecular technique. analysis of sequence generated from the partial fragment (421bp) of mitochondri ... | 2012 | 23601732 |
| classical swine fever in the pygmy hog. | the pygmy hog is a rare, small and highly endangered mammal belonging to the suidae family, and it is presently found only in the assam state of india. while investigating the cause of death of pygmy hogs housed at a conservation centre for captive breeding and research at basistha, assam, it was confirmed that they were susceptible to and died as a result of contracting classical swine fever (csf), caused by csf virus (csfv), which is a highly infectious endemic disease of domestic pigs in indi ... | 2012 | 23520745 |
| laparoscopic partial nephrectomy using a flexible co2 laser fiber. | laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (lpn) is a challenging surgery that requires precise tissue cutting and meticulous hemostasis under warm ischemia conditions. in this study, we tested the feasibility of performing lpn using co2 laser energy transmitted through a specialized flexible mirror optical fiber. | 2012 | 23484569 |
| a quantitative prioritisation of human and domestic animal pathogens in europe. | disease or pathogen risk prioritisations aid understanding of infectious agent impact within surveillance or mitigation and biosecurity work, but take significant development. previous work has shown the h-(hirsch-)index as an alternative proxy. we present a weighted risk analysis describing infectious pathogen impact for human health (human pathogens) and well-being (domestic animal pathogens) using an objective, evidence-based, repeatable approach; the h-index. this study established the highe ... | 2014 | 25136810 |
| dermacentor reticulatus: a vector on the rise. | dermacentor reticulatus is a hard tick species with extraordinary biological features. it has a high reproduction rate, a rapid developmental cycle, and is also able to overcome years of unfavourable conditions. dermacentor reticulatus can survive under water for several months and is cold-hardy even compared to other tick species. it has a wide host range: over 60 different wild and domesticated hosts are known for the three active developmental stages. its high adaptiveness gives an edge to th ... | 2016 | 27251148 |
| direct detection and differentiation of pathogenic leptospira species using a multi-gene targeted real time pcr approach. | leptospirosis is a growing public and veterinary health concern caused by pathogenic species of leptospira. rapid and reliable laboratory tests for the direct detection of leptospiral infections in animals are in high demand not only to improve diagnosis but also for understanding the epidemiology of the disease. in this work we describe a novel and simple taqman-based multi-gene targeted real-time pcr approach able to detect and differentiate leptospira interrogans, l. kirschneri, l. borgpetere ... | 2014 | 25398140 |
| 'black sheep' that don't leave the double-stranded rna-binding domain fold. | the canonical double-stranded rna (dsrna)-binding domain (dsrbd) is composed of an α1-β1-β2-β3-α2 secondary structure that folds in three dimensions to recognize dsrna. recently, structural and functional studies of divergent dsrbds revealed adaptations that include intra- and/or intermolecular protein interactions, sometimes in the absence of detectable dsrna-binding ability. we describe here how discrete dsrbd components can accommodate pronounced amino-acid sequence changes while maintaining ... | 2014 | 24954387 |
| epidemiology of leptospirosis in africa: a systematic review of a neglected zoonosis and a paradigm for 'one health' in africa. | leptospirosis is an important but neglected bacterial zoonosis that has been largely overlooked in africa. in this systematic review, we aimed to summarise and compare current knowledge of: (1) the geographic distribution, prevalence, incidence and diversity of acute human leptospirosis in africa; and (2) the geographic distribution, host range, prevalence and diversity of leptospira spp. infection in animal hosts in africa. | 2015 | 26368568 |
| evaluation of a microfluidic chip system for preparation of bacterial dna from swabs, air, and surface water samples. | the detection of bacterial pathogens from complex sample matrices by pcr requires efficient dna extraction. in this study, a protocol for extraction and purification of dna from swabs, air, and water samples using a microfluidic chip system was established. the optimized protocol includes a combination of thermal, chemical and enzymatic lysis followed by chip-based dna purification using magnetic particles. the procedure was tested using gram-positive bacillus thuringiensis berliner var. kurstak ... | 2016 | 27520284 |
| epidemiology of pathogenic enterobacteria in humans, livestock, and peridomestic rodents in rural madagascar. | among the families of enteric bacteria are globally important diarrheal agents. despite their potential for zoonotic and environmental transmission, few studies have examined the epidemiology of these pathogens in rural systems characterized by extensive overlap among humans, domesticated and peridomestic animals. we investigated patterns of infection with enterotoxigenic escherichia coli, shigella spp., salmonella enterica, vibrio cholerae, and yersinia spp. (enterocolitica, and pseudotuberculo ... | 2014 | 24983990 |
| molecular epidemiology of brucella abortus isolates from cattle, elk, and bison in the united states, 1998 to 2011. | a variable-number tandem repeat (vntr) protocol targeting 10 loci in the brucella abortus genome was used to assess genetic diversity among 366 field isolates recovered from cattle, bison, and elk in the greater yellowstone area (gya) and texas during 1998 to 2011. minimum spanning tree (mst) and unweighted-pair group method with arithmetic mean (upgma) analyses of vntr data identified 237 different vntr types, among which 14 prominent clusters of isolates could be identified. cattle isolates fr ... | 2012 | 22427502 |
| serosurvey of smooth brucella, leptospira spp. and toxoplasma gondii in free-ranging jaguars (panthera onca) and domestic animals from brazil. | this study investigated the exposure of jaguar populations and domestic animals to smooth brucella, leptospira spp. and toxoplasma gondii in the cerrado, pantanal and amazon biomes of brazil. between february 2000 and january 2010, serum samples from 31 jaguars (panthera onca), 1,245 cattle (bos taurus), 168 domestic dogs (canis lupus familiaris) and 29 domestic cats (felis catus) were collected and analysed by rose bengal test for smooth brucella, microscopic agglutination test for leptospira s ... | 2015 | 26605787 |
| experimental challenge of atlantic cod (gadus morhua) with a brucella pinnipedialis strain from hooded seal (cystophora cristata). | pathology has not been observed in true seals infected with brucella pinnipedialis. a lack of intracellular survival and multiplication of b. pinnipedialis in hooded seal (cystophora cristata) macrophages in vitro indicates a lack of chronic infection in hooded seals. both epidemiology and bacteriological patterns in the hooded seal point to a transient infection of environmental origin, possibly through the food chain. to analyse the potential role of fish in the transmission of b. pinnipediali ... | 2016 | 27415626 |
| marine mammal brucella reference strains are attenuated in a balb/c mouse model. | brucellosis is a zoonosis of worldwide distribution with numerous animal host species. since the novel isolation of brucella spp. from marine mammals in 1994 the bacteria have been isolated from various marine mammal hosts. the marine mammal reference strains brucella pinnipedialis 12890 (harbour seal, phoca vitulina) and brucella ceti 12891 (harbour porpoise, phocoena phocoena) were included in genus brucella in 2007, however, their pathogenicity in the mouse model is pending. herein this is ev ... | 2016 | 26959235 |
| first report of corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis from caseous lymphadenitis lesions in black alentejano pig (sus scrofa domesticus). | corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis is the etiologic agent of caseous lymphadenitis, a common disease in small ruminant populations throughout the world and responsible for a significant economic impact for producers. | 2014 | 25240511 |
| first pediatric case of tularemia after a coyote bite. | bite-transmitted tularemia is a rare event in humans and most of the cases have been associated with cat bites. we report the first pediatric case of tularemia caused by a coyote (canis latrans) bite. coyotes can be healthy carriers of francisella tularensis and transmit this infectious agent through a bite. pediatricians should be aware of this risk after a carnivore bite and implement appropriate antibiotic therapy, as amoxicillin/clavulanate potassium (augmentin) may have prolonged the typica ... | 2016 | 26885419 |
| characterisation of the active/de-active transition of mitochondrial complex i. | oxidation of nadh in the mitochondrial matrix of aerobic cells is catalysed by mitochondrial complex i. the regulation of this mitochondrial enzyme is not completely understood. an interesting characteristic of complex i from some organisms is the ability to adopt two distinct states: the so-called catalytically active (a) and the de-active, dormant state (d). the a-form in situ can undergo de-activation when the activity of the respiratory chain is limited (i.e. in the absence of oxygen). the m ... | 2014 | 24569053 |
| dynamic dissociating homo-oligomers and the control of protein function. | homo-oligomeric protein assemblies are known to participate in dynamic association/disassociation equilibria under native conditions, thus creating an equilibrium of assembly states. such quaternary structure equilibria may be influenced in a physiologically significant manner either by covalent modification or by the non-covalent binding of ligands. this review follows the evolution of ideas about homo-oligomeric equilibria through the 20th and into the 21st centuries and the relationship of th ... | 2011 | 22182754 |
| redox state of flavin adenine dinucleotide drives substrate binding and product release in escherichia coli succinate dehydrogenase. | the complex ii family of enzymes, comprising respiratory succinate dehydrogenases and fumarate reductases, catalyzes reversible interconversion of succinate and fumarate. in contrast to the covalent flavin adenine dinucleotide (fad) cofactor assembled in these enzymes, soluble fumarate reductases (e.g., those from shewanella frigidimarina) that assemble a noncovalent fad cannot catalyze succinate oxidation but retain the ability to reduce fumarate. in this study, an sdha-h45a variant that elimin ... | 2015 | 25569225 |
| genetic evidence for the role of gdp-mannose in plant ascorbic acid (vitamin c) biosynthesis. | vitamin c (l-ascorbic acid; asa) acts as a potent antioxidant and cellular reductant in plants and animals. asa has long been known to have many critical physiological roles in plants, yet its biosynthesis is only currently being defined. a pathway for asa biosynthesis that features gdp-mannose and l-galactose has recently been proposed for plants. we have isolated a collection of asa-deficient mutants of arabidopsis thaliana that are valuable tools for testing of an asa biosynthetic pathway. th ... | 1999 | 10097187 |
| novel real-time pcr detection assay for brucella suis. | brucella suis is the causative agent of brucellosis in suidae and is differentiated into five biovars (bv). biovars 1 and 3 possess zoonotic potential and can infect humans, whereas biovar 2 represents the main source of brucellosis in feral and domestic pigs in europe. both aspects, the zoonotic threat and the economic loss, emphasize the necessity to monitor feral and domestic pig populations. available serological or pcr based methods lack sensitivity and specificity. | 2015 | 26392898 |
| effect of gaseous ozone exposure on the bacteria counts and oxidative properties of ground hanwoo beef at refrigeration temperature. | this study was designed to elucidate the effect of ozone exposure on the bacteria counts and oxidative properties of ground hanwoo beef contaminated with escherichia coli o157:h7 at refrigeration temperature. ground beef was inoculated with 7 log cfu/g of e. coli o157:h7 isolated from domestic pigs and was then subjected to ozone exposure (10×10(-6) kg o3 h(-1)) at 4℃ for 3 d. e. coli o157:h7, total aerobic and anaerobic bacterial growth and oxidative properties including instrumental color chan ... | 2014 | 26761291 |
| decomposition odour profiling in the air and soil surrounding vertebrate carrion. | chemical profiling of decomposition odour is conducted in the environmental sciences to detect malodourous target sources in air, water or soil. more recently decomposition odour profiling has been employed in the forensic sciences to generate a profile of the volatile organic compounds (vocs) produced by decomposed remains. the chemical profile of decomposition odour is still being debated with variations in the voc profile attributed to the sample collection technique, method of chemical analy ... | 2014 | 24740412 |
| force per cross-sectional area from molecules to muscles: a general property of biological motors. | we propose to formally extend the notion of specific tension, i.e. force per cross-sectional area-classically used for muscles, to quantify forces in molecular motors exerting various biological functions. in doing so, we review and compare the maximum tensions exerted by about 265 biological motors operated by about 150 species of different taxonomic groups. the motors considered range from single molecules and motile appendages of microorganisms to whole muscles of large animals. we show that ... | 2016 | 27493785 |
| combined inhibition of complement and cd14 improved outcome in porcine polymicrobial sepsis. | sepsis is an exaggerated and dysfunctional immune response to infection. activation of innate immunity recognition systems including complement and the toll-like receptor family initiate this disproportionate inflammatory response. the aim of this study was to explore the effect of combined inhibition of the complement component c5 and the toll-like receptor co-factor cd14 on survival, hemodynamic parameters and systemic inflammation including complement activation in a clinically relevant porci ... | 2015 | 26612199 |
| clean technique for prolonged nonsurvival cardiothoracic surgery in swine (sus scrofa). | laboratory animal regulations provide little guidance regarding duration of nonsurvival surgery requiring aseptic technique. we hypothesized that swine would experience no sepsis during nonsurvival cardiothoracic surgery accomplished by using clean technique and lasting 8 h or less. incision sites of 5 male farm pigs (sus scrofa) were shaved and then cleaned with alcohol and povidone-iodine. the surgeon wore sterile gloves, clean scrubs, and hair bonnet; assistants wore clean scrubs and nonsteri ... | 2013 | 23562035 |
| pbmc transcriptomic responses to primary and secondary vaccination differ due to divergent lean growth and antibody titers in a pig model. | the genetic relationship between immune responsiveness and performance is not well understood, but a major topic of the evolution of resource allocation and of relevance in human medicine and livestock breeding, for instance. this study aims to show differences of transcript abundance changes during the time intervals before and after two tetanus toxoid (tt) vaccinations in domestic pigs differing in lean growth (lg) and anti-tt-antibody titers (ab) parameters of performance and immunocompetence ... | 2015 | 26175500 |
| standardization of the experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (eamg) model by immunization of rats with torpedo californica acetylcholine receptors--recommendations for methods and experimental designs. | myasthenia gravis (mg) with antibodies against the acetylcholine receptor (achr) is characterized by a chronic, fatigable weakness of voluntary muscles. the production of autoantibodies involves the dysregulation of t cells which provide the environment for the development of autoreactive b cells. the symptoms are caused by destruction of the postsynaptic membrane and degradation of the achr by igg autoantibodies, predominantly of the g1 and g3 subclasses. active immunization of animals with ach ... | 2015 | 25796590 |
| viral metagenomics demonstrates that domestic pigs are a potential reservoir for ndumu virus. | the rising demand for pork has resulted in a massive expansion of pig production in uganda. this has resulted in increased contact between humans and pigs. pigs can act as reservoirs for emerging infectious diseases. therefore identification of potential zoonotic pathogens is important for public health surveillance. in this study, during a routine general surveillance for african swine fever, domestic pigs from uganda were screened for the presence of rna and dna viruses using a high-throughput ... | 2012 | 23006778 |
| reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification for rapid detection of japanese encephalitis virus in swine and mosquitoes. | japanese encephalitis (je) can infect many agriculturally important animals and humans, and has a high incidence in asia. one of the natural hosts of the mosquito-borne je virus (jev) is domestic pigs, which act as amplifier hosts. porcine infection results in fatal encephalitis, abortion, and stillbirth in pregnant sows, and hypospermia in boars. in this study, a rapid jev detection method for swine and mosquitoes was developed based on reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplificati ... | 2012 | 23176446 |
| characterization of a pathogenic full-length cdna clone and transmission model for porcine epidemic diarrhea virus strain pc22a. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) is a highly pathogenic alphacoronavirus. in the united states, highly virulent pedv strains cause between 80 and 100% mortality in suckling piglets and are rapidly transmitted between animals and farms. to study the genetic factors that regulate pathogenesis and transmission, we developed a molecular clone of pedv strain pc22a. the infectious-clone-derived pedv (icpedv) replicated as efficiently as the parental virus in cell culture and in pigs, resulting i ... | 2016 | 26733065 |
| evaluation of a field-portable dna microarray platform and nucleic acid amplification strategies for the detection of arboviruses, arthropods, and bloodmeals. | highly multiplexed assays, such as microarrays, can benefit arbovirus surveillance by allowing researchers to screen for hundreds of targets at once. we evaluated amplification strategies and the practicality of a portable dna microarray platform to analyze virus-infected mosquitoes. the prototype microarray design used here targeted the non-structural protein 5, ribosomal rna, and cytochrome b genes for the detection of flaviviruses, mosquitoes, and bloodmeals, respectively. we identified 13 of ... | 2012 | 23249687 |
| molecular characterization of japanese encephalitis virus strains prevalent in chinese swine herds. | japanese encephalitis virus (jev) is the leading cause of viral encephalitis in asia and domestic pigs serve as the amplifying hosts. in the present study, the full genomic sequences of two jev strains (hen0701 and sh0601) isolated from pigs in china were determined and compared with other 12 jev strains deposited in genbank. these two strains had an 88.8% nucleotide sequence similarity and 97.9% deduced amino acid sequence homology. hen0701 had high nucleotide sequence and high amino acid seque ... | 2013 | 23388434 |
| a lentiviral vector expressing japanese encephalitis virus-like particles elicits broad neutralizing antibody response in pigs. | japanese encephalitis virus (jev) is the major cause of viral encephalitis in southeast asia. vaccination of domestic pigs has been suggested as a "one health" strategy to reduce viral disease transmission to humans. the efficiency of two lentiviral trip/jev vectors expressing the jev envelope prm and e glycoproteins at eliciting protective humoral response was assessed in a mouse model and piglets. | 2015 | 26437302 |
| flaviviruses in europe: complex circulation patterns and their consequences for the diagnosis and control of west nile disease. | in europe, many flaviviruses are endemic (west nile, usutu, tick-borne encephalitis viruses) or occasionally imported (dengue, yellow fever viruses). due to the temporal and geographical co-circulation of flaviviruses in europe, flavivirus differentiation by diagnostic tests is crucial in the adaptation of surveillance and control efforts. serological diagnosis of flavivirus infections is complicated by the antigenic similarities among the flavivirus genus. indeed, most flavivirus antibodies are ... | 2013 | 24225644 |
| porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) increases the expression of endothelial adhesion/junction molecules. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is the primary causative agent of porcine circovirus disease, a complex multisystem syndrome in domestic pigs. despite the significant economic losses caused by porcine circovirus disease, the mechanisms of pathogenesis underlying the clinical findings remain largely unclear. as various reports have highlighted the potential key role of vascular lesions in the pathogenesis of porcine circovirus disease, the aim of this work was to investigate effects of pcv2 infe ... | 2016 | 27522934 |
| bat and pig ifn-induced transmembrane protein 3 restrict cell entry by influenza virus and lyssaviruses. | ifn-induced transmembrane protein 3 (ifitm3) is a restriction factor that blocks cytosolic entry of numerous viruses that utilize acidic endosomal entry pathways. in humans and mice, ifitm3 limits influenza-induced morbidity and mortality. although many ifitm3-sensitive viruses are zoonotic, whether ifitms function as antiviral restriction factors in mammalian species other than humans and mice is unknown. here, ifitm3 orthologues in the microbat (myotis myotis) and pig (sus scrofa domesticus) w ... | 2015 | 25614588 |
| deletion of virulence associated genes from attenuated african swine fever virus isolate our t88/3 decreases its ability to protect against challenge with virulent virus. | african swine fever virus (asfv) causes an acute haemorrhagic disease of domestic pigs against which there is no effective vaccine. the attenuated asfv strain our t88/3 has been shown previously to protect vaccinated pigs against challenge with some virulent strains including our t88/1. two genes, dp71l and dp96r were deleted from the our t88/3 genome to create recombinant virus our t88/3δdp2. deletion of these genes from virulent viruses has previously been shown to reduce asfv virulence in dom ... | 2013 | 23725691 |
| molecular detection of torque teno sus virus and coinfection with african swine fever virus in blood samples of pigs from some slaughterhouses in nigeria. | torque teno sus virus 1 (ttsuv1a/ttsuv1b) infection is present in pig herds worldwide. this study investigated the prevalence of ttsuv1a/ttsuv1b infections in domestic pigs from some slaughterhouses in nigeria as well as coinfection with african swine fever virus (asfv) and described the phylogeny in relation to global strains. one hundred and eighty-one (181) blood samples from four slaughterhouses were used for the study and viral nucleic acid detection was carried out by pcr. comparative sequ ... | 2016 | 27833640 |
| transmission routes of african swine fever virus to domestic pigs: current knowledge and future research directions. | african swine fever (asf) is a major threat to the pig industry in europe. since 2007, asf outbreaks have been ongoing in the caucasus, eastern europe and the baltic countries, causing severe economic losses for many pig farmers and pork producers. in addition, the number of asf cases in wild boar populations has dramatically increased over the past few years. evidence supports direct contact with infectious domestic pigs and wild boars, and consumption of contaminated feed, as the main transmis ... | 0 | 26966305 |
| effect of o. porcinus tick salivary gland extract on the african swine fever virus infection in domestic pig. | african swine fever is a haemorrhagic disease in pig production that can have disastrous financial consequences for farming. no vaccines are currently available and animal slaughtering or area zoning to restrict risk-related movements are the only effective measures to prevent the spread of the disease. ornithodoros soft ticks are known to transmit the african swine fever virus (asfv) to pigs in farms, following the natural epidemiologic cycle of the virus. tick saliva has been shown to modulate ... | 2016 | 26828597 |
| african swine fever virus transmission cycles in central europe: evaluation of wild boar-soft tick contacts through detection of antibodies against ornithodoros erraticus saliva antigen. | african swine fever (asf) is one of the most complex viral diseases affecting both domestic and wild pigs. it is caused by asf virus (asfv), the only dna virus which can be efficiently transmitted by an arthropod vector, soft ticks of the genus ornithodoros. these ticks can be part of asfv-transmission cycles, and in europe, o. erraticus was shown to be responsible for long-term maintenance of asfv in spain and portugal. in 2014, the disease has been reintroduced into the european union, affecti ... | 2016 | 26728767 |
| experimental infection of ornithodoros erraticus sensu stricto with two portuguese african swine fever virus strains. study of factors involved in the dynamics of infection in ticks. | african swine fever (asf) is a frequently devastating hemorrhagic disease of domestic pigs and wild boar and ornithodoros erraticus sensu stricto argasid ticks are the only biological vectors of african swine fever virus (asfv) known to occur in europe. recently this disease emerged in eastern europe and russian federation, showing a huge potential for a rapid spread between countries. there is some risk of re-emergence of asf in the countries where these ticks exist, that can contribute for the ... | 2015 | 26366570 |
| detection of rickettsia parkeri from within piura, peru, and the first reported presence of candidatus rickettsia andeanae in the tick rhipicephalus sanguineus. | domestic farm animals (n=145) were sampled for the presence of ectoparasites in northwestern peru during march, 2008. ninety domestic animals (62%) were positive for the presence of an ectoparasite(s) and produced a total collection of the following: 728 ticks [amblyomma maculatum, anocentor nitens, rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus, rhipicephalus sanguineus, and otobius megnini], 12 lice (haematopinus suis), and 3 fleas (ctenocephalides felis). a rickettsia genus-specific qpcr assay was perfo ... | 2013 | 23488453 |
| scabies mites alter the skin microbiome and promote growth of opportunistic pathogens in a porcine model. | the resident skin microbiota plays an important role in restricting pathogenic bacteria, thereby protecting the host. scabies mites (sarcoptes scabiei) are thought to promote bacterial infections by breaching the skin barrier and excreting molecules that inhibit host innate immune responses. epidemiological studies in humans confirm increased incidence of impetigo, generally caused by staphylococcus aureus and streptococcus pyogenes, secondary to the epidermal infestation with the parasitic mite ... | 2014 | 24875186 |
| anaplasma sp. and hemoplasma infection in leopard cats (prionailurus bengalensis euptilurus) from korea. | this study examined the occurrence of anaplasma spp. and hemoplasma infection in leopard cats, prionailurus bengalensis euptilurus, in korea. twenty-nine biological samples were tested by molecular analysis. two (6.9%) and eight (27.6%) tested specimens were positive for anaplasma bovis and hemoplasma infection, respectively. based on our results, anaplasma/ehrlichia spp. and hemoplasma are regularly infecting leopard cat populations of korea. considering their endangered status, regular monitor ... | 2015 | 26040618 |
| ecological niches and blood sources of sand fly in an endemic focus of visceral leishmaniasis in jiuzhaigou, sichuan, china. | sand fly phlebotomus chinensis is a principle vector for the visceral leishmaniasis (vl) in china with a wide geographic distribution. jiuzhaigou, sichuan is a mountain type endemic area of vl in china. long term effective control efforts in the region have successfully reduced vl transmission. to assess the current status of the sand flies and their ecological aspects in the region, a survey was conducted in the summer of 2014 and 2015. | 2016 | 27075573 |
| regional level risk factors associated with the occurrence of african swine fever in west and east africa. | african swine fever (asf) causes severe socio-economic impacts due to high mortality and trade restrictions. many risk factors of asf have been identified at farm level. however, understanding the risk factors, especially wild suid hosts, determining asf transmission at regional level remains limited. | 2017 | 28061875 |
| wild and domestic pig interactions at the wildlife-livestock interface of murchison falls national park, uganda, and the potential association with african swine fever outbreaks. | bushpigs (bps) (potamochoerus larvatus) and warthogs (whs) (phacochoerus africanus), which are widely distributed in eastern africa, are likely to cohabitate in the same environment with domestic pigs (dps), facilitating the transmission of shared pathogens. however, potential interactions between bp, wh, and dp, and the resulting potential circulation of infectious diseases have rarely been investigated in africa to date. in order to understand the dynamics of such interactions and the potentia ... | 2016 | 27148545 |
| estimating the basic reproductive number (r0) for african swine fever virus (asfv) transmission between pig herds in uganda. | african swine fever (asf) is a highly contagious, lethal and economically devastating haemorrhagic disease of domestic pigs. insights into the dynamics and scale of virus transmission can be obtained from estimates of the basic reproduction number (r0). we estimate r0 for asf virus in small holder, free-range pig production system in gulu, uganda. the estimation was based on data collected from outbreaks that affected 43 villages (out of the 289 villages with an overall pig population of 26,570) ... | 2015 | 25938429 |
| molecular characterization of african swine fever virus from domestic pigs in northern tanzania during an outbreak in 2013. | african swine fever (asf) is an acute, highly contagious and deadly viral hemorrhagic fever of domestic pigs caused by african swine fever virus (asfv), a double-stranded dna virus of the family asfarviridae. in this study, molecular diagnosis and characterization of outbreak asfv in northern tanzania, was performed on spleen, lymph node, kidney, and heart samples collected in june and july 2013 from domestic pigs that died during a hemorrhagic disease outbreak. confirmatory diagnosis of asf was ... | 2014 | 24996815 |
| spatial multi-criteria decision analysis to predict suitability for african swine fever endemicity in africa. | african swine fever (asf) is endemic in several countries of africa and may pose a risk to all pig producing areas on the continent. official asf reporting is often rare and there remains limited awareness of the continent-wide distribution of the disease.in the absence of accurate asf outbreak data and few quantitative studies on the epidemiology of the disease in africa, we used spatial multi-criteria decision analysis (mcda) to derive predictions of the continental distribution of suitability ... | 2014 | 24406022 |
| molecular characterization and phylogenetic study of african swine fever virus isolates from recent outbreaks in uganda (2010-2013). | african swine fever (asf) is a highly lethal and economically significant disease of domestic pigs in eastern africa particularly in uganda where outbreaks regularly occur. sequence analysis of variable genome regions have been extensively used for molecular epidemiological studies of african swine fever virus (asfv) isolates. by combining p72, p54 and pb602l (cvr), a high level resolution approach is achieved for viral discrimination. the major aim of this study therefore, was to investigate th ... | 2013 | 23914918 |
| the relationship between parasite fitness and host condition in an insect--virus system. | research in host-parasite evolutionary ecology has demonstrated that environmental variation plays a large role in mediating the outcome of parasite infection. for example, crowding or low food availability can reduce host condition and make them more vulnerable to parasite infection. this observation that poor-condition hosts often suffer more from parasite infection compared to healthy hosts has led to the assumption that parasite productivity is higher in poor-condition hosts. however, the ub ... | 2014 | 25208329 |
| fine-mapping qtls in advanced intercross lines and other outbred populations. | quantitative genetic studies in model organisms, particularly in mice, have been extremely successful in identifying chromosomal regions that are associated with a wide variety of behavioral and other traits. however, it is now widely understood that identification of the underlying genes will be far more challenging. in the last few years, a variety of populations have been utilized in an effort to more finely map these chromosomal regions with the goal of identifying specific genes. the common ... | 2014 | 24906874 |
| onchocerciasis transmission in ghana: the human blood index of sibling species of the simulium damnosum complex. | vector-biting behaviour is important for vector-borne disease (vbd) epidemiology. the proportion of blood meals taken on humans (the human blood index, hbi), is a component of the biting rate per vector on humans in vbd transmission models. humans are the definitive host of onchocerca volvulus, but the simuliid vectors feed on a range of animals and hbi is a key indicator of the potential for human onchocerciasis transmission. ghana has a diversity of simulium damnosum complex members, which are ... | 2016 | 27494934 |
| identification of blood meal sources of lutzomyia longipalpis using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the cytochrome b gene. | an analysis of the dietary content of haematophagous insects can provide important information about the transmission networks of certain zoonoses. the present study evaluated the potential of polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (pcr-rflp) analysis of the mitochondrial cytochrome b (cytb) gene to differentiate between vertebrate species that were identified as possible sources of sandfly meals. the complete cytb gene sequences of 11 vertebrate species available in ... | 2014 | 24821056 |
| edema and tetraparesis in a miniature pig after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. | a 3-mo-old, 12-kg, intact, miniature pig presented with severe neurologic signs on day 8 after hematopoietic cell transplantation. this pig had received an immunosuppressive regimen before transplantation that included an anticd3 immunotoxin for t-cell depletion, 100 cgy of total-body irradiation, and cyclosporine for 45 d. the pig began exhibiting erythematous lesions on posttransplantation day 7. he also demonstrated increased conscious proprioceptive deficits and recumbency but normal mentati ... | 0 | 23043783 |
| risk factors for contacts between wild boar and outdoor pigs in switzerland and investigations on potential brucella suis spill-over. | due to the parallel increase of the number of free-ranging wild boar and domestic pigs reared outdoor, the risk that they interact has become higher. contacts with wild boar can be the origin of disease outbreaks in pigs, as it has been documented for brucellosis in some european countries. this study aimed at quantifying the occurrence of contacts between wild boar and outdoor domestic pigs in switzerland, and identifying risk factors for these contacts. furthermore, exposed pigs were tested fo ... | 2012 | 22817843 |
| ribozyme-mediated gene knock down strategy to dissect the consequences of pdgf stimulation in vascular smooth muscle cells. | vascular smooth muscle cells (vsmcs), due to their plasticity and ability to shift from a physiological contractile-quiescent phenotype to a pathological proliferating-activated status, play a central role in the onset and progression of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. pdgf-bb, among a series of cytokines and growth factors, has been identified as the critical factor in this phenotypic switch. in order to obtain new insights on the molecular effects triggered by pdgf-bb, a hammerhea ... | 2012 | 22676333 |
| brain growth of the domestic pig (sus scrofa) from 2 to 24 weeks of age: a longitudinal mri study. | an animal model with brain growth similar to humans, that can be used in mri studies to investigate brain development, would be valuable. our laboratory has developed and validated mri methods for regional brain volume quantification in the neonatal piglet. the aim of this study was to utilize the mri-based volume quantification technique in a longitudinal study to determine brain growth in domestic pigs from 2 to 24 weeks of age. mri data were acquired from pigs 2-24 weeks of age using a 3-dime ... | 2012 | 22777003 |
| enhanced characterization of the smell of death by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (gcxgc-tofms). | soon after death, the decay process of mammalian soft tissues begins and leads to the release of cadaveric volatile compounds in the surrounding environment. the study of postmortem decomposition products is an emerging field of study in forensic science. however, a better knowledge of the smell of death and its volatile constituents may have many applications in forensic sciences. domestic pigs are the most widely used human body analogues in forensic experiments, mainly due to ethical restrict ... | 2012 | 22723918 |
| the mammary gland-specific marsupial elp and eutherian cti share a common ancestral gene. | the marsupial early lactation protein (elp) gene is expressed in the mammary gland and the protein is secreted into milk during early lactation (phase 2a). mature elp shares approximately 55.4% similarity with the colostrum-specific bovine colostrum trypsin inhibitor (cti) protein. although elp and cti both have a single bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (bpti)-kunitz domain and are secreted only during the early lactation phases, their evolutionary history is yet to be investigated. | 2012 | 22681678 |
| use of ¹⁸f-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography in a miniature pig (sus scrofa domestica) with pneumonia. | a 1-y-old male miniature pig housed in our laboratory facility was evaluated for weight loss and rough coat condition. cbc results revealed neutrophilia. radiography of the thoracic area showed increased opacity throughout the thoracic cavity except for the right caudal lobe. ¹⁸f-labeled fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography (fdg-pet-ct) revealed elevated standard uptake values in the area corresponding to the radiologic findings. follow-up thoracic radiography take ... | 0 | 22776053 |
| molecular insights into the regulation of iron metabolism during the prenatal and early postnatal periods. | molecular iron metabolism and its regulation are least well understood in the fetal and early postnatal periods of mammalian ontogenic development. the scope of this review is to summarize recent progress in uncovering the molecular mechanisms of fetal iron homeostasis, introduce the molecules involved in iron transfer across the placenta, and briefly explain the role of iron transporters in the absorption of this microelement during early postnatal life. these issues are discussed and parallels ... | 2012 | 22581367 |
| porcine teschovirus in wild boars in hungary. | the genus teschovirus, family picornaviridae, currently includes 12 serotypes (ptv 1 to 12) isolated from swine. ptvs have been well studied in domestic pigs, but knowledge about ptvs in wild boars is deficient. here, we report the first complete ptv genome sequence from 7 (70 %) of 10 fecal samples of wild boar piglets (sus scrofa) by rt-pcr and pyrosequencing. analysis of the wild boar ptv strain wb2c-tv/2011/hun (jq429405) showed considerable difference, especially in vp1 (66-74 % amino acid ... | 2012 | 22569887 |
| differential limb loading in miniature pigs (sus scrofa domesticus): a test of chondral modeling theory. | variation in mechanical loading is known to influence chondrogenesis during joint formation. however, the interaction among chondrocyte behavior and variation in activity patterns is incompletely understood, hindering our knowledge of limb ontogeny and function. here, the role of endurance exercise in the development of articular and physeal cartilage in the humeral head was examined in 14 miniature swine (sus scrofa domesticus). one group was subjected to graded treadmill running over a period ... | 0 | 22496283 |
| genetic architecture of body size in mammals. | much of the heritability for human stature is caused by mutations of small-to-medium effect. this is because detrimental pleiotropy restricts large-effect mutations to very low frequencies. | 0 | 22546202 |
| dead or alive: animal sampling during ebola hemorrhagic fever outbreaks in humans. | there are currently no widely accepted animal surveillance guidelines for human ebola hemorrhagic fever (ehf) outbreak investigations to identify potential sources of ebolavirus (ebov) spillover into humans and other animals. animal field surveillance during and following an outbreak has several purposes, from helping identify the specific animal source of a human case to guiding control activities by describing the spatial and temporal distribution of wild circulating ebov, informing public hea ... | 2012 | 22558004 |
| lymphocyte modulation with fty720 improves hemorrhagic shock survival in swine. | the inflammatory response to severe traumatic injury results in significant morbidity and mortality. lymphocytes have recently been identified as critical mediators of the early innate immune response to ischemia-reperfusion injury. experimental manipulation of lymphocytes following hemorrhagic shock may prevent secondary immunologic injury in surgical and trauma patients. the objective of this study is to evaluate the lymphocyte sequestration agent fty720 as an immunomodulator following experim ... | 2012 | 22558085 |
| empyema in spinal canal in thoracic region, abscesses in paravertebral space, spondylitis: in clinical course of zoonosis erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae. | erysipelas is an animal disease caused by gram-positive bacteria erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae. among the domestic animals, domestic pig (sus scrofa f. domestica) suffers most frequently from the disease in human environment. this is a typical animal-borne disease observed mainly in occupational groups employed in agriculture, farming (of animals and birds), fishing and manufacturing industry. | 2012 | 22526696 |
| ten years evidence-based high-tech acupuncture--a short review of peripherally measured effects. | since 1997, the research unit of biomedical engineering in anesthesia and intensive care medicine of graz medical university has been dealing with the demystification of acupuncture and examining, using non-invasive methods, how different stimulation modalities (manual needle acupuncture, laserneedle acupuncture and electro acupuncture) affect peripheral and central functions. laser is also an important instrument for acupuncture. one only needs to mention the treatment of children or of patient ... | 2007 | 18955279 |
| an engineering approach to modelling, decision support and control for sustainable systems. | engineering research and development contributes to the advance of sustainable agriculture both through innovative methods to manage and control processes, and through quantitative understanding of the operation of practical agricultural systems using decision models. this paper describes how an engineering approach, drawing on mathematical models of systems and processes, contributes new methods that support decision making at all levels from strategy and planning to tactics and real-time contr ... | 0 | 17656345 |
| discrimination of infant isolation calls by female greater spear-nosed bats, phyllostomus hastatus. | in colonial species, recognition of offspring should be under strong selection. for accurate identification to occur offspring must emit individually distinctive signals and parents must be able to discriminate between signals. female greater spear-nosed bats (phyllostomus hastatus) roost in stable social groups and use infant vocalizations, termed isolation calls, to locate and identify their young. in this study, we investigate both the production and perception of isolation calls in p. hastat ... | 0 | 18311319 |
| inside out: modern imaging techniques to reveal animal anatomy. | animal anatomy has traditionally relied on detailed dissections to produce anatomical illustrations, but modern imaging modalities, such as mri and ct, now represent an enormous resource that allows for fast non-invasive visualizations of animal anatomy in living animals. these modalities also allow for creation of three-dimensional representations that can be of considerable value in the dissemination of anatomical studies. in this methodological review, we present our experiences using mri, ct ... | 2011 | 21445356 |
| single nucleotide markers of d-loop for identification of indian wild pig (sus scrofa cristatus). | partial fragment of d-loop region extending from 35 to 770 were compared with corresponding sequences of 16 wild pigs and 9 domestic pig breeds from different parts of the world for detection of single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) markers in the region. the paper also reappraises snp markers from two fragments of cytochrome b gene and a fragment 12s rrna gene distinguishing the indian wild pig from other pig species of the world. | 2015 | 27047129 |
| exploring the genetic signature of body size in yucatan miniature pig. | since being domesticated about 10,000-12,000 years ago, domestic pigs (sus scrofa domesticus) have been selected for traits of economic importance, in particular large body size. however, yucatan miniature pigs have been selected for small body size to withstand high temperature environment and for laboratory use. this renders the yucatan miniature pig a valuable model for understanding the evolution of body size. we investigate the genetic signature for selection of body size in the yucatan min ... | 2015 | 25885114 |
| staphylococcus aureus induces hypoxia and cellular damage in porcine dermal explants. | we developed a porcine dermal explant model to determine the extent to which staphylococcus aureus biofilm communities deplete oxygen, change ph, and produce damage in underlying tissue. microelectrode measurements demonstrated that dissolved oxygen (do) in biofilm-free dermal tissue was 4.45 ± 1.17 mg/liter, while do levels for biofilm-infected tissue declined sharply from the surface, with no measurable oxygen detectable in the underlying dermal tissue. magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated ... | 2015 | 25847960 |
| serological prevalence of viral agents that induce reproductive failure in south korean wild boar. | viral agents associated with reproductive failure such as aujeszky's disease virus (adv), encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv), and porcine parvovirus (ppv) have also been identified in european wild boar. to screen for the presence of antibodies against adv, emcv, and ppv from wild boar (sus scrofa) in south korea, 481 serum samples were collected from wild boar hunted between december 2010 and may 2011. | 2015 | 25888836 |
| corrigendum: cellular scaling rules for the brain of artiodactyla include a highly folded cortex with few neurons. | [this corrects the article on p. 128 in vol. 8, pmid: 25429261.]. | 2015 | 25859187 |
| snp marker discovery in koala tlr genes. | toll-like receptors (tlrs) play a crucial role in the early defence against invading pathogens, yet our understanding of tlrs in marsupial immunity is limited. here, we describe the characterisation of nine tlrs from a koala immune tissue transcriptome and one tlr from a draft sequence of the koala genome and the subsequent development of an assay to study genetic diversity in these genes. we surveyed genetic diversity in 20 koalas from new south wales, australia and showed that one gene, tlr10 ... | 2015 | 25799012 |
| genome-wide association analyses reveal significant loci and strong candidate genes for growth and fatness traits in two pig populations. | recently, genome-wide association studies (gwas) have been reported on various pig traits. we performed a gwas to analyze 22 traits related to growth and fatness on two pig populations: a white duroc × erhualian f2 intercross population and a chinese sutai half-sib population. | 2015 | 25885760 |
| investigating the role of free-ranging wild boar (sus scrofa) in the re-emergence of enzootic pneumonia in domestic pig herds: a pathological, prevalence and risk-factor study. | enzootic pneumonia (ep) caused by mycoplasma hyopneumoniae has a significant economic impact on domestic pig production. a control program carried out from 1999 to 2003 successfully reduced disease occurrence in domestic pigs in switzerland, but recurrent outbreaks suggested a potential role of free-ranging wild boar (sus scrofa) as a source of re-infection. since little is known on the epidemiology of ep in wild boar populations, our aims were: (1) to estimate the prevalence of m. hyopneumoniae ... | 2015 | 25747151 |
| the relation between catheter occlusion and backflow during intraparenchymal cerebral infusions. | background/aims: the distribution of infusate into the brain by convection-enhanced delivery can be affected by backflow along the catheter shaft. this work assesses the following: (1) whether tissue coring and occlusion of the catheter lumen occurs when an open end-port catheter is inserted, (2) whether there is a relationship between intracatheter pressure and backflow, and (3) whether catheter occlusion increases backflow. methods: freshly excised monkey brains were used to assess tissue cori ... | 2015 | 25721097 |
| when pigs fly, ucp1 makes heat. | brown and beige adipose tissue may represent important therapeutic targets for the treatment of diabetes and obesity as these organs dissipate nutrient energy as heat through the thermogenic uncoupling protein 1 (ucp1). while mice are commonly used to mimic the potential effects of brown/beige adipose tissue that may act in human metabolism, new animal models are edging into the market for translational medicine. pigs reflect human metabolism better than mice in multiple parameters such as obesi ... | 2015 | 25973382 |
| a large animal model of spinal muscular atrophy and correction of phenotype. | spinal muscular atrophy (sma) is caused by reduced levels of survival motor neuron (smn) protein, which results in motoneuron loss. therapeutic strategies to increase smn levels including drug compounds, antisense oligonucleotides, and scaav9 gene therapy have proved effective in mice. we wished to determine whether reduction of smn in postnatal motoneurons resulted in sma in a large animal model, whether sma could be corrected after development of muscle weakness, and the response of clinically ... | 2015 | 25516063 |
| gene coexpression networks reveal key drivers of phenotypic divergence in porcine muscle. | domestication of the wild pig has led to obese and lean phenotype breeds, and evolutionary genome research has sought to identify the regulatory mechanisms underlying this phenotypic diversity. however, revealing the molecular mechanisms underlying muscle phenotype variation based on differentially expressed genes has proved to be difficult. to characterize the mechanisms regulating muscle phenotype variation under artificial selection, we aimed to provide an integrated view of genome organizati ... | 2015 | 25651817 |