Publications

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phylogenetic position of diplostomum spp. from new world herons based on complete mitogenomes, rdna operons, and dna barcodes, including a new species with partially elucidated life cycle.diplostomum ardeae dubois, 1969 has seldom been reported since its description from the great blue heron (ardea herodias l., 1758) in the usa. sequences obtained in this study from the barcode region of cytochrome c oxidase 1 (co1) in diplostomids from black-crowned night heron (nycticorax nycticorax (l., 1758)) in puerto rico matched data from d. ardeae from a. herodias in the type region. we also obtained dna barcodes from morphologically similar diplostomids from a rufescent tiger heron (tigr ...202032472382
complete genome sequence of sars-cov-2 in a tiger from a u.s. zoological collection.this report describes the identification and characterization of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) in a malayan tiger in a u.s. zoo.202032467283
association of salivary cholinesterase with arthropod vectors of disease.acetylcholinesterase (ache) was previously reported to be present in saliva of the southern cattle tick, rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (canestrini), with proposed potential functions to 1) reduce acetylcholine toxicity during rapid engorgement, 2) modulate host immune responses, and 3) to influence pathogen transmission and establishment in the host. potential modulation of host immune responses might include participation in salivary-assisted transmission and establishment of pathogens in ...202032459332
interleukin-17a/f1 from japanese pufferfish (takifugu rubripes) stimulates the immune response in head kidney and intestinal cells.in mammals, interleukin (il)-17a and il-17f, mainly produced by th17 cells, are hallmark inflammatory cytokines that play important roles in the intestinal mucosal immune response. in contrast, three mammalian il-17a and il-17f counterparts (il-17a/f1-3) have been identified in teleosts, and most of their functions have been described in the lymphoid organs. however, their function in the intestinal mucosal immune response is poorly understood. in this study, a recombinant (r) tiger puffer fish ...202032437858
anticoagulant activity of black snake (elapidae: pseudechis) venoms: mechanisms, potency, and antivenom efficacy.venoms from pseudechis species (australian black snakes) within the elapidae family are rich in anticoagulant pla2 toxins, with the exception of one species (p. porphyriacus) that possesses procoagulant mutated forms of the clotting enzyme factor xa. previously the mechanism of action of the pla2 toxins' anticoagulant toxicity was said to be due to inhibition of factor xa, but this statement was evidence free. we conducted a series of anticoagulation assays to elucidate the mechanism of anticoag ...202032442717
amur tiger stripes: individual identification based on deep convolutional neural network.the automatic individual identification of amur tigers (panthera tigris altaica) is important for population monitoring and making effective conservation strategies. most existing research primarily relies on manual identification, which does not scale well to large datasets. in this paper, the deep convolution neural networks algorithm is constructed to implement the automatic individual identification for large numbers of amur tiger images. the experimental data were obtained from 40 amur tige ...202032329957
chromium, cadmium, lead, and arsenic concentrations in water, vegetables, and seafood consumed in a coastal area in northern vietnam.heavy metal contamination and related risks for the environment and human health are matters of increasing concern.202032435129
the genome of mekong tiger perch (datnioides undecimradiatus) provides insights into the phylogenetic position of lobotiformes and biological conservation.mekong tiger perch (datnioides undecimradiatus) is an ornamental and vulnerable freshwater fish native to the mekong basin in indochina, belonging to the order lobotiformes. here, we generated 121x stlfr co-barcode clean reads and 18x oxford nanopore minion reads and obtained a 595 mb mekong tiger perch genome, which is the first whole genome sequence in the order lobotiformes. based on this genome, the phylogenetic tree analysis suggested that lobotiformes is more closely related to sciaenidae ...202032424221
chemical biopreservative effects of red seaweed on the shelf life of black tiger shrimp (penaeus monodon).hypnea musciformis (hm) and acanthophora muscoides (am) red seaweeds were evaluated for their antioxidant properties and efficacy to extend the chemical shelf life of black tiger shrimp (penaeus monodon) during 14-daystorage. treated shrimp were soaked in five percent ethanolic solution with 500 µg/ml of am or hm powder for 30 min. hm had more phenols and flavonoids, increased radical scavenging activity, and greater h2o2 reducing power than am in vitro. biochemical quality indicators were signi ...202032423120
mercury isotopes as tracers of ecology and metabolism in two sympatric shark species.in coastal ecosystems, top predators are exposed to a wide variety of nutrient and contaminant sources due to the diversity of trophic webs within inshore marine habitats. mercury contamination could represent an additional threat to shark populations that are declining worldwide. here we measured total mercury, carbon and nitrogen isotopes, as well as mercury isotopes, in two co-occurring shark species (the bull shark carcharhinus leucas and the tiger shark galeocerdo cuvier) and their potentia ...202032590319
the effect of laser sintering on the microstructure, relative density, and cracking of sol-gel-derived silica thin films.combining sol-gel processing and laser sintering is a promising way for fabricating functional ceramic deposition with high dimensional resolution. in this work, crack-free silica tracks on a silica substrate with a thickness from ~360 nm to ~950 nm, have been obtained by direct exposure to a co2 laser beam. at a fixed scanning speed, the density and microstructures of the silica deposition can be precisely controlled by varying the laser output power. the porosity of the laser-sintered silica t ...202032587411
monitoring of alien mosquitoes in western austria (tyrol, austria, 2018).mosquitoes are of major importance to human and animal health due to their ability to transmit various pathogens. in europe the role of mosquitoes in public health has increased with the introduction of alien aedes mosquitoes such as the asian tiger mosquito, aedes albopictus; the asian bush mosquito, ae. japonicus; and ae. koreicus. in austria, ae. japonicus has established populations in various regions of the country. aedes albopictus is not known to overwinter in austria, although isolated f ...202032574163
clinical, haematological and biochemical findings in tigers infected by leishmania infantum.a large number of animal species are susceptible to leishmania infantum (kinetoplastida, trypanosomatidae) in endemic areas, including domestic and wild felids such as tigers (panthera tigris). knowledge on the infection of this endangered species is still at its infancy, and therefore this study aims to identify clinical presentation and clinicopathological findings of tigers naturally infected by l. infantum.202032571332
weights of gaur (bos gaurus) and banteng (bos javanicus) killed by tigers in thailand.the primary prey of tigers across much of south-east asia has been depleted, reducing the ability of already limited habitat to support tigers. to better understand the extent to which two of the largest prey species, gaur (bos gaurus) and banteng (bos javanicus), contribute to the tiger's diet, we estimated the average size of these species killed by tigers. this information is needed to more accurately calculate biomass of these species in the tiger's diet and to devise strategies to increase ...202032551089
are shed hair genomes the most effective noninvasive resource for estimating relationships in the wild?knowledge of relationships in wild populations is critical for better understanding mating systems and inbreeding scenarios to inform conservation strategies for endangered species. to delineate pedigrees in wild populations, study genetic connectivity, study genotype-phenotype associations, trace individuals, or track wildlife trade, many identified individuals need to be genotyped at thousands of loci, mostly from noninvasive samples. this requires us to (a) identify the most common noninvasiv ...202032551045
rice-shrimp ecosystems in the mekong delta: linking water quality, shrimp and their natural food sources.aquatic ecosystems are used for extensive rice-shrimp culture where the available water alternates seasonally between fresh and saline. poor water quality has been implicated as a risk factor for shrimp survival; however, links between shrimp, water quality and their main food source, the natural aquatic biota inhabiting these ponds, are less well understood. we examined the aquatic biota and water quality of three ponds over an entire year in the mekong delta, vietnam, where the growing season ...202032544687
ketamine for neuropathic pain: a tiger that won't bite? 202032536446
a case of 'tiger heart': a distinct variant of left ventricular non-compaction. 202032529200
hybridization of tiger grouper (epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀) x giant grouper (epinephelus lanceolatus ♂) using cryopreserved sperm.using ringer solution as extender, the present study examined the protective effect of dimethyl sulphoxide (me2so; 8-12%, v/v) on the cryopreservation of giant grouper (epinephelus lanceolatus) sperm. the cryopreserved sperm was then successfully applied in interspecific hybridization with tiger grouper (e. fuscoguttatus). higher motility (90.56 ± 6.58%) and fertilization rate (69.61 ± 4.83%) was achieved in 10% me2so with ringer solution as extender (dilution ratio 1:1), which should no signifi ...202032511949
tissue distribution of transcription for 29 lipid metabolism-related genes in takifugu rubripes, a marine teleost storing lipid predominantly in liver.the tissue distribution pattern of lipid is highly diverse among different fish species. tiger puffer has a special lipid storage pattern, storing lipid predominantly in liver. in order to better understand the lipid physiology in fish storing lipid in liver, the present study preliminarily investigated the tissue distribution of transcription for 29 lipid metabolism-related genes in tiger puffer, which are involved in lipogenesis, fatty acid oxidation, biosynthesis and hydrolysis of glycerides, ...202032415410
genome-based development of 15 microsatellite markers in fluorescent multiplexes for parentage testing in captive tigers.as one of the most endangered species, tiger (panthera tigris) inbreeding has become an urgent issue to address. using a microsatellite (short tandem repeat, str) identification system, paternity testing may be helpful to avoid inbreeding in captive breeding programs. in this study, we developed a genome-based identification system named tiger pedigree identification multiplex system (tpi-plex). by analyzing the entire tiger genome, 139,967 str loci were identified and 12.76% of these displayed ...202032411512
draft genome sequences of chlamydiales bacterium ste3 and neochlamydia sp. strain acf84, endosymbionts of acanthamoeba spp.chlamydiales bacterium ste3 and neochlamydia sp. strain acf84 are obligate intracellular symbionts of acanthamoeba spp. isolated from the biofilm of a littoral cave wall and gills from striped tiger leaf fish, respectively. we report the draft genome sequences of these two environmental chlamydiae affiliated with the family parachlamydiaceae.202032409535
vibrio harveyi virulence gene expression in vitro and in vivo during infection in black tiger shrimp penaeus monodon.luminescent vibrio harveyi is common in sea and estuarine waters. it produces several virulence factors and negatively affects larval penaeid shrimp in hatcheries, resulting in severe economic losses to shrimp aquaculture. although v. harveyi is an important pathogen of shrimp, its pathogenicity mechanisms have yet to be completely elucidated. in the present study, isolates of v. harveyi were isolated and characterized from diseased penaeus monodon postlarvae from hatcheries in kerala, india, fr ...202032406870
impact of host intraspecies genetic variation, diet, and age on bacterial and fungal intestinal microbiota in tigers.the bacterial microbiota in the gut varies among species, as well as with habitat, diet, age, and other factors. intestinal microbiota homeostasis allows a host to adjust metabolic and immune performances in response to environmental changes. therefore, potential implications of the gut microbiota in sustaining the health of the host have gained increasing attention in the field of endangered animal conservation. however, the effect of host intraspecies genetic variation on the gut microbiota is ...202032395912
red-bellied black snake (pseudechis porphyriacus) envenomation in 17 dogs: clinical signs, coagulation changes, haematological abnormalities, venom antigen levels and outcomes following treatment with a tiger-brown snake antivenom.this report describes 17 cases of red-bellied black snake envenomation (rbbs; pseudechis porphyriacus) in dogs in south-eastern queensland. patients were prospectively enrolled for the treatment with a new tiger-brown snake antivenom 8000 units, (tbav; padula serums pty ltd, vic, australia).202032390184
impact of imidacloprid on the nutritional quality of adult black tiger shrimp (penaeus monodon).neonicotinoid insecticides, including imidacloprid, are increasingly being used to control insect pests in agricultural and urban areas, and are often detected in aquatic environments. the effects of neonicotinoids on non-target insects have been investigated with respect to behavioural, biochemical, physiological and population-level responses, but information of their effects on crustaceans is limited. this study investigated the adverse effects of both acute and chronic exposure to sublethal ...202032387844
physicochemical composition and nutritional properties of deer burger enhanced with healthier oils.deer meat is characterized by low fat and cholesterol contents and high amounts of protein and polyunsaturated fatty acids. in this regard, the aim of this work was to assess the influence of pork backfat substitution by healthier oils on chemical composition, fatty acid profile, texture profile and sensory analysis of deer burger. in addition, ph, color parameters and lipid oxidation were evaluated at 0, 6, 12 and 18 days of storage. for this study, four different treatments of deer burgers-100 ...202032375313
practical management plan for invasive mosquito species in europe: i. asian tiger mosquito (aedes albopictus).aedes albopictus, also known as the "asian tiger mosquito", is an invasive mosquito species to europe causing high concern in public health due to its severe nuisance and its vectorial capacity for pathogens such as dengue, chikungunya, yellow fever and zika. consequently, the responsible authorities implement management activities to reduce its population density, possibly to below noxious and epidemiological thresholds. in urban areas, these aims are difficult to achieve because of the species ...202032334085
coagulation factor activity patterns of venom-induced consumption coagulopathy in naturally occurring tiger snake (notechis scutatus) envenomed dogs treated with antivenom.venom-induced consumption coagulopathy (vicc) from tiger snake (notechis scutatus) envenomation results in a dose-dependent coagulopathy that is detectable on coagulometry. however, individual coagulation factor activities in dogs with tiger snake envenomation have not been determined. this study aimed to characterise vicc and the time course of recovery in tiger snake envenomed dogs and to investigate an association between tiger snake venom (tsv) concentrations and factor activity.202032330462
serum protein gel agarose electrophoresis in captive tigers.given the endangered status of tigers (panthera tigris), the health of each individual is important and any data on blood chemistry values can provide valuable information alongside the assessment of physical condition. the nature of tigers in the wild makes it is extremely difficult to obtain biological samples from free-living subjects, therefore the values obtained from captive tigers provide very useful data. serum protein electrophoresis is a useful tool in the diagnosis and monitoring of a ...202032325948
larvicidal, ovicidal, synergistic, and repellent activities of sophora alopecuroides and its dominant constituents against aedes albopictus.in the current study, to combat insecticide resistance, we explored larvicidal, ovicidal, synergistic, and repellent activities of sophora alopecuroides extract and its dominant constituents against aedes albopictus. the results of the toxicity bioassays demonstrated that the extract of s. alopecuroides exerted significant larvicidal activity (16.66-86.66%) against the third-instar larvae of ae. albopictus at different concentrations (5-50 ug/ml) and low hatchability of eggs (2.32-75%) at 5-50 u ...202032326460
rat volatiles as an attractant source for the asian tiger mosquito, aedes albopictus.aedes albopictus is a vector of dengue, chikungunya, and dirofilariasis. volatile compounds are crucial for mosquitoes to locate their hosts. this knowledge has allowed the identification of attractants derived from human odours for highly anthropophilic mosquito species. in this study, we used rats as a experimental model to identify potential attractants for host-seeking ae. albopictus females. porapak q extracts from immature female rats were more attractive to ae. albopictus females than tho ...202032198359
spatial, temporal, and genetic invasion dynamics of aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae) in illinois.the spread of the asian tiger mosquito, aedes albopictus skuse, throughout the united states has implications for the transmission potential of vector-borne diseases. we used a 30-yr data set of occurrence records in illinois and developed a hierarchical bayesian model to shed light on the patterns and processes involved in the introduction and expansion along the northern edge of the geographic range of this species. we also collected specimens from 10 locations and sequenced a segment of their ...202032195543
identification of differentially expressed genes in gills of tiger puffer (takifugu rubripes) in response to low-salinity stress.salinity is an important abiotic factor for aquatic organisms. in fish, changes in salinity affect physiological responses and alter the immune system. takifugu rubripes is an important economic marine fish, and mechanisms of t. rubripes adaptation to salinity changes need to be further documented. in this study, a transcriptome sequencing technique was used to analyse genes that were differentially expressed in the t. rubripes gill after low-salinity stress for 30 d, and differential gene expre ...202032247057
pathological and epidemiological characterization of first outbreak of daylily rust in europe and evaluation of puccinia hemerocallidis resistance in hemerocallis cultivars.daylily rust-caused by puccinia hemerocallidis-was confined to eastern asia until the disease was reported in oceania, africa, the americas and portugal in the 21st century. although information on rust resistance of american cultivars is available, little is known about the resistance of european bred cultivars, threating the ornamental sector if the fungus spreads to other european countries. aiming to provide tools to address this, we analyzed the portuguese pathogens and characterized rust r ...202032244437
crouching tiger, hidden dragon: insulin resistance and the risk of atrial fibrillation. 202032237896
prevalence and subtypes of blastocystis sp. infection in zoo animals in three cities in china.blastocystis is a highly prevalent eukaryotic parasite of many animals and humans worldwide. it can compromise the gastrointestinal tract and cause gastrointestinal symptoms, constituting a serious threat to human health and animal growth. many animals are potential sources of blastocystis infection in humans. however, limited data are available regarding the prevalence and subtype distribution of blastocystis infection among zoo animals in china. therefore, the present study examined the preval ...202031845021
detection of lion podoplanin using the antitiger podoplanin monoclonal antibody pmab-231.monoclonal antibodies (mabs) that specifically target podoplanin (pdpn), a marker for type i alveolar cells, are needed for immunohistochemical analyses. anti-pdpn mabs are available for many species, including human, mouse, rat, rabbit, dog, cat, bovine, pig, tasmanian devil, alpaca, tiger, whale, goat, horse, bear, and sheep pdpns. however, no antilion pdpn (liopdpn) antibody has been developed. in this study, possible cross-reaction between available anti-pdpn mabs and liopdpn was examined. i ...202032401677
spatial concentrations of wildlife attacks on humans in chitwan national park, nepal.the study was conducted within and adjacent to chitwan national park in nepal (cnp), where several wildlife species are involved in conflicts with humans. we assessed the spatial relationships between the number of victims/km2 (=victim density or vd) of attack by wildlife (elephant, rhino, wild boar, sloth bear, leopard or tiger) versus landscape features, including both natural habitat type and land use by humans (e.g., nursery, orchard or cultivated). we identified four levels of vd, ranging f ...202031963349
the gene catalog and comparative analysis of gut microbiome of big cats provide new insights on panthera species.majority of metagenomic studies in the last decade have focused on revealing the gut microbiomes of humans, rodents, and ruminants; however, the gut microbiome and genic information (gene catalog) of large felids such as panthera species are largely unknown to date. in this study, the gut bacterial, fungal, and viral metagenomic composition was assessed from three panthera species (lion, leopard, and tiger) of indian origin, which were consuming the same diet and belonged to the same geographica ...202032582053
molecular characterization of fecal escherichia coli isolated from zoo animals.accredited zoos and animal parks play an important role in animal health research and conservation, providing important insights on matters of public health including zoonotic infectious diseases and antimicrobial resistance (amr). the emergence and spread of amr is a complex phenomenon that jeopardizes human and animal health and also threatens the long-term survival of endangered species. the presence of β-lactamases in clinical isolates is particularly significant as they can jeopardize the e ...202031926511
development and characterization of anti-sheep podoplanin monoclonal antibodies pmab-253 and pmab-260.anti-podoplanin (pdpn) monoclonal antibodies (mabs) are needed as markers for lymphatic endothelial cells or type i alveolar cells in immunohistochemical analyses. we have developed anti-pdpn mabs for many species, including humans, mice, rats, rabbits, dogs, cats, bovines, pigs, tasmanian devils, alpacas, tigers, whales, goats, horses, and bears. this study develops and characterizes anti-sheep pdpn (spdpn) mabs using cell-based immunization and screening (cbis) method. a rap14 tag was added to ...202032679010
evidence for sars-cov-2 infection of animal hosts.covid-19 is the first known pandemic caused by a coronavirus, sars-cov-2, which is the third virus in the family coronaviridae to cause fatal infections in humans after sars-cov and mers-cov. animals are involved in the covid-19 pandemic. this review summarizes the role of animals as reservoirs, natural hosts and experimental models. sars-cov-2 originated from animal reservoir, most likely bats and/or pangolins. anthroponotic transmission has been reported in cats, dogs, tigers, lions and minks. ...202032629960
predicting susceptibility for sars-cov-2 infection in domestic and wildlife animals using ace2 protein sequence homology.the article is presenting a bioinformatics based method predicting susceptibility for sars-cov-2 infection in domestic and wildlife animals. recently, there were reports of cats and ferrets, dogs, minks, golden hamster, rhesus monkeys, tigers, and lions testing for sars-cov-2 rna which indicated for the possible interspecies viral transmission. our method successfully predicted the susceptibility of these animals for contracting sars-cov-2 infection. this method can be used as a screening tool f ...202033034084
sars-cov-2 host diversity: an update of natural infections and experimental evidence.coronavirus disease-19 (covid-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2) is now a pandemic threat. this virus is supposed to be spread by human to human transmission. cellular angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ace2) is the receptor of sars-cov-2 which is identical or similar in different species of animals such as pigs, ferrets, cats, orangutans, monkeys, and humans. moreover, a recent study predicted that dogs might be secondary hosts during the evolution of s ...202032624360
carnivore protoparvovirus 1 (parvoviruses) at the domestic-wild carnivore interface in india.carnivore protoparvovirus 1 (cp1, earlier called feline panleukopenia virus) variants such as canine parvovirus (cpv) and feline parvovirus (fpv) are significant, emerging, multihost pathogens of domestic and wild carnivores. the diversity of cp1 variants was studied between 2008 and 2014 in wayanad, india, where flagship wildlife species such as tigers (panthera tigris) and leopards (panthera pardus) coexist alongside domestic carnivores, including dogs (canis lupus familiaris) and cats (felis ...202031926540
from people to panthera: natural sars-cov-2 infection in tigers and lions at the bronx zoo.despite numerous barriers to transmission, zoonoses are the major cause of emerging infectious diseases in humans. among these, severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars), middle east respiratory syndrome (mers), and ebolaviruses have killed thousands; the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) has killed millions. zoonoses and human-to-animal cross-species transmission are driven by human actions and have important management, conservation, and public health implications. the current sars-cov-2 pande ...202033051368
predicting susceptibility to sars-cov-2 infection based on structural differences in ace2 across species.severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) is the cause of the global pandemic of coronavirus disease-2019 (covid-19). sars-cov-2 is a zoonotic disease, but little is known about variations in species susceptibility that could identify potential reservoir species, animal models, and the risk to pets, wildlife, and livestock. certain species, such as domestic cats and tigers, are susceptible to sars-cov-2 infection, while other species such as mice and chickens are not. most ani ...202033015868
divergent influenza-like viruses of amphibians and fish support an ancient evolutionary association.influenza viruses (family orthomyxoviridae) infect a variety of vertebrates, including birds, humans, and other mammals. recent metatranscriptomic studies have uncovered divergent influenza viruses in amphibians, fish and jawless vertebrates, suggesting that these viruses may be widely distributed. we sought to identify additional vertebrate influenza-like viruses through the analysis of publicly available rna sequencing data. accordingly, by data mining, we identified the complete coding segmen ...202032962015
highly conserved binding region of ace2 as a receptor for sars-cov-2 between humans and mammals.several cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) infection transmitted from human owners to their dogs have recently been reported. the first ever case of sars-cov-2 transmission from a human owner to a domestic cat was confirmed on march 27, 2020. a tiger from a zoo in new york, usa, was also reportedly infected with sars-cov-2. it is believed that sars-cov-2 was transmitted to tigers from their caretakers, who were previously infected with this virus. on may 25, 20 ...202032921279
igg antibody responses to the aedes albopictus 34k2 salivary protein as novel candidate marker of human exposure to the tiger mosquito.mosquitoes of the aedes genus transmit arboviruses of great importance to human health as dengue, chikungunya, zika and yellow fever. the tiger mosquito aedes albopictus can play an important role as arboviral vector, especially when aedes aegypti is absent or present at low levels. remarkably, the rapid worldwide spreading of the tiger mosquito is expanding the risk of arboviral transmission also to temperate areas, and the autochthonous cases of chikungunya, dengue and zika in europe emphasize ...202032850479
toxic time bombs: frequent detection of anticoagulant rodenticides in urban reptiles at multiple trophic levels.anticoagulant rodenticides (ars) are regularly used around the world to control pest mammals. second-generation anticoagulant rodenticides (sgars) are highly persistent in biological tissue and have a high potential for bioaccumulation and biomagnification. consequently, exposure and poisoning of non-target organisms has been frequently documented, especially in countries with unregulated ar sales and usage. most of this research has focussed on rodent-predators, usually raptors and predatory ma ...202032247128
a comparative phylogenomic analysis of sars-cov-2 strains reported from non-human mammalian species and environmental samples.coronaviruses (covs) infect a wide range of domestic and wild mammals. these viruses have a potential and tendency to cross-species barriers and infect humans. novel human coronavirus 2019-ncov (hcov-19) emerged from wuhan, china, and has caused a global pandemic. genomic features of sars-cov-2 may attribute inter-species transmission and adaptation to a novel host, and therefore is imperative to explicate the evolutionary dynamics of the viral genome and its propensity for differential host sel ...202033104993
development of an anti-sheep podoplanin monoclonal antibody pmab-256 for immunohistochemical analysis of lymphatic endothelial cells.sensitive and specific monoclonal antibodies (mabs) targeting podoplanin (pdpn) are needed for immunohistochemical analyses as a marker for lymphatic endothelial cells. we recently have developed anti-pdpn mabs against many species, including human, mouse, rat, rabbit, dog, cat, bovine, pig, tasmanian devil, alpaca, tiger, whale, goat, horse, and bear. however, anti-sheep pdpn (spdpn) has not yet been established. in this study, we used the cell-based immunization and screening method for the de ...202032349619
transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) to animals: an updated review.covid-19 caused by a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) originated in wuhan (hubei province, china) during late 2019. it has spread across the globe affecting nearly 21 million people with a toll of 0.75 million deaths and restricting the movement of most of the world population during the past 6 months. covid-19 became the leading health, economic, and humanitarian challenge of the twenty-first century. in addition to the considerable covid-19 cases, hospitalizat ...202032957995
ace2 expression in the cat and the tiger gastrointestinal tracts.angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ace2) has been identified as the functional receptor for severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2). it has been identified in the human gastrointestinal tract (git), and sars-cov-2 has been isolated in human and animal fecal samples. the aim of the present study was to investigate the expression of ace2 in the gastrointestinal tract of domestic (cat) and wild (tiger) felines. samples of the pylorus, duodenum, and distal colon were collected fro ...202032903561
is covid-19 the first pandemic that evolves into a panzootic?sars-cov-2 is a zoonotic virus that has achieved community spread among humans and become a pandemic. transmission from humans to dogs, domestic cats, tigers, and lions has occurred. pigs, cats, ferrets, and primates have been identified as good candidates for susceptibility to sars-cov-2. the potential implications indicate the need for one health surveillance, intervention, and management strategies to mitigate the effects on animal populations and prevent a second preparedness failure during ...202032315124
progressive invasion of aedes albopictus in northern spain in the period 2013-2018 and a possible association with the increase in insect bites.1) background: aedes albopictus has rapidly expanded throughout europe, becoming a public health concern in the mediterranean basin. 2) methods: following the detection of ae. albopictus in the southwestern french region of aquitaine in 2012, an entomological surveillance programme was implemented in the basque country (northern spain) in 2013. 3) results: ae. albopictus eggs were first detected in 2014 in a transited parking area in the northeastern sampling point, 22 km away from the nearest f ...202032143518
resolving hemocyanin isoform complexity in haemolymph of black tiger shrimp penaeus monodon - implications in aquaculture, medicine and food safety.hemocyanin (hc) is a multifunctional macromolecule involved in oxygen transport and non-specific immunity in shrimp. hc is crucial in physiology and nutrition linked with optimal performance in aquaculture production systems. in medicine, hc has been approved for clinical use in humans as adjuvant and anticancer therapeutic. in contrast, hc has also been identified as one of the proteins causing anaphylaxis following shrimp consumption. the role of individual hc isoforms remains unknown due to a ...202032088355
zoonotic and vector-borne pathogens in tigers from a wildlife safari park, italy.infectious diseases by pathogens, including those of zoonotic concern, may act as a primary or contributory cause of threat to wildlife conservation and may represent a risk for human health, mainly for people working at, or visiting the zoological parks. given the paucity of data on pathogens infecting wild tigers, we investigated the occurrence of infectious agents in this animal species, with a special focus on those of zoonotic concern. blood and serum samples from tigers (n = 20) living in ...202032280584
oral lesions in captive nondomestic felids with a focus on odontogenic lesions.odontogenic lesions are well described in domestic cats, but published literature describing these lesions in nondomestic felids is limited. this study reports oral lesions in 109 captive, non-domestic felids. ten cases of odontogenic lesions were diagnosed, including 9 with fibromatous epulis of periodontal ligament origin (feplo) and one odontogenic cyst in a cougar. feplo was common in lions. feplo did not recur after surgical removal in any of the 3 cases for which follow-up information was ...202033016248
bowman's layer in the cornea- structure and function and regeneration.bowman's layer lies immediately posterior to the epithelial basement membrane (ebm) and anterior to the stroma proper in humans, chickens, quail, zebra fish, deer, giraffe, antelope, california sea lions, guinea pig and several other species. it is not found in dog, wolf, cat, tiger, lions, rabbit, pigs, cows, goats, or horses. developmental anomalies of bowman's layer are rare, but acquired damage to bowman's layer, or even complete destruction, is frequently seen in advanced bullous keratopath ...202032339517
fatal mauling by tigers.lethal injuries due to large animal attack are uncommon in routine forensic practice in europe. specifically, few incidents are reported concerning tiger/lion attacks that usually involve captive circus or zoo animals. we present the case of a 61-year old animal tamer who was mauled to death by four tigers while he was training them for a circus performance. careful investigation of the circumstances surrounding the fatality revealed that the tamer had most likely been struck with a tiger paw an ...202032415625
diversity of blastocystis subtypes in wild mammals from a zoo and two conservation units in southeastern brazil.the enteric protist blastocystis is one of the most commonly parasite reported in humans and a variety of animal hosts worldwide. regarding genetic diversity, at least 17 subtypes (sts) have been identified in mammals and birds, with eight of them (st1-8) infecting both humans and animals. recently, isolates from wild mammalian species have been genetically characterized, however data is still scarce, mainly in latin america. here, we aimed to verify the occurrence and genetic diversity of blast ...202031683006
review of canine distemper vaccination use and safety in north american captive large felids (panthera spp.) from 2000 to 2017.data on canine distemper virus (cdv) vaccination were collected on 812 large felids (351 tigers, panthera tigris; 220 lions, panthera leo; 143 snow leopards, panthera uncia; 50 leopards, panthera pardus; and 48 jaguars, panthera onca) from 48 institutions to assess vaccine use and safety. the documented individual vaccination events with multiple products numbered 2,846. canarypox-vectored cdv vaccines were the most commonly used vaccines (96.3% of all vaccinations) and the purevax® ferret diste ...202031926507
leishmania infantum in tigers and sand flies from a leishmaniasis-endemic area, southern italy.we detected leishmania infantum infection in 45% of tigers and 5.3% of sand flies tested at a zoo in southern italy in 2019. these infections in tigers and the abundance of phlebotomus perniciosus sand flies represent a potential risk to other animals and humans living in or visiting the zoo.202032441622
relative toxicity and sublethal effects of nacl and energy-related saline wastewaters on prairie amphibians.increasing salinity in freshwater environments is a growing problem due both to the negative influences of salts on ecosystems and their accumulation and persistence in environments. two major sources of increased salinity from sodium chloride salts (nacl) are saline wastewaters co-produced during energy production (herein, wastewaters) and road salts. effects of road salts have received more attention, but legacy contamination from wastewaters is widespread in some regions and spills still occu ...202032992088
multi-scale habitat modelling and predicting change in the distribution of tiger and leopard using random forest algorithm.tigers and leopards have experienced considerable declines in their population due to habitat loss and fragmentation across their historical ranges. multi-scale habitat suitability models (hsm) can inform forest managers to aim their conservation efforts at increasing the suitable habitat for tigers by providing information regarding the scale-dependent habitat-species relationships. however the current gap of knowledge about ecological relationships driving species distribution reduces the appl ...202032651414
the effects of prey depletion on dietary niches of sympatric apex predators in southeast asia.resource depletion exerts opposing pressures on co-occurring consumers to expand diets while limiting overlap with competitors. using foraging theory as a framework, we tested the effects of prey availability on diet specialization and overlap among competing asian predators: dhole, leopard, and tiger. we used scat analysis from a prey-poor site, combined with a quantitative synthesis of 40 other diet studies, to determine biomass of different prey types consumed by each predator. we then assess ...202032627329
sublethal effects of dermal exposure to poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances on postmetamorphic amphibians.studies of the toxicity of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (pfas) on amphibians, especially after metamorphosis, are limited. we examined effects of dermal pfas exposure (30 d) on survival and growth of juvenile american toads (anaxyrus americanus), eastern tiger salamanders (ambystoma tigrinum), and northern leopard frogs (rana pipiens). chemicals included perfluorooctanoic acid, perfluorooctane sulfonate (pfos), perfluorohexane sulfonate (pfhxs), and 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonate (6:2 fts) a ...202032164037
mechanically superior matrices promote osteointegration and regeneration of anterior cruciate ligament tissue in rabbits.the gold standard treatment for anterior cruciate ligament (acl) reconstruction is the use of tendon autografts and allografts. limiting factors for this treatment include donor site morbidity, potential disease transmission, and variable graft quality. to address these limitations, we previously developed an off-the-shelf alternative, a poly(l-lactic) acid (plla) bioengineered acl matrix, and demonstrated its feasibility to regenerate acl tissue. this study aims to 1) accelerate the rate of reg ...202033144508
aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae) monitoring in the lazio region (central italy).the asian tiger mosquito aedes albopictus (skuse 1894) is assuming an ever-increasing importance as invasive species in europe and consequently as human health and nuisance concern. in central italy, the species has been recently involved in a chikungunya outbreak. a 3 yr ae. albopictus monitoring was carried out in 21 municipalities of the lazio region (central italy), belonging to three provinces. samplings were performed on a weekly basis using ovitraps, in order to investigate climatic and s ...202033107575
examining tribal health inequalities around three forested sites in india: results of a cross-sectional survey.the data available for the health of scheduled tribes (st) in india are often coarse-scale snapshots at district and state levels and fine-scale comparison within and across site is often not possible. in this paper, we examine the health inequalities between the st and non-st populations in two forested sites and compare the healthcare parameters for st populations across three forested sites.202033102260
physiological impairment as a result of bile accumulation in an apex predator, the tiger shark (galeocerdo cuvier péron & lesueur, 1822).physiological adaptations have evolved to help sharks face rapid periods of feast. tiger sharks are generalist apex predators that rely on a high-lipid/protein diet. to achieve a satisfactory nutritional condition, proper lipid absorption and hepatic storage are needed. bile secretion in sharks is low and sporadic but increases during short periods of fasting. the present study describes a physiological impairment caused by bile accumulation in juvenile tiger sharks, possibly due to prolonged fa ...202033158068
''eye of tiger sign" mimic in patients with spastic paraplegia gene 7 (spg7) mutations. 202033157434
transcriptome analysis reveals molecular mechanisms responsive to acute cold stress in the tropical stenothermal fish tiger barb (puntius tetrazona).tropical stenothermal fish exhibit special tolerance and response to cold stress. however current knowledge of the molecular mechanisms response to cold stress in aquatic ectotherms is largely drawn from eurythermal or extreme stenothermal species. the tiger barb puntius tetrazona is a tropical stenothermal fish, with great popularity in aquarium trade and research.202033096997
the ecology of protective behaviors: a study in new risk areas for mosquito-borne diseases.during the last decade, tiger mosquitoes have rapidly colonized a large number of european countries, increasing the risk of infection with mosquito-borne diseases (mbds), and constituting an emerging health threat in the region. the objectives of the present study were to prospectively investigate changes in self-protective behaviors, beliefs and attitudes regarding mbds in mediterranean france, and to assess the influence of social and cognitive time-varying covariates on behaviors. data were ...202033151432
riding the tiger - physiological and pathological effects of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide generated in the mitochondrial matrix.elevated mitochondrial matrix superoxide and/or hydrogen peroxide concentrations drive a wide range of physiological responses and pathologies. concentrations of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide in the mitochondrial matrix are set mainly by rates of production, the activities of superoxide dismutase-2 (sod2) and peroxiredoxin-3 (prdx3), and by diffusion of hydrogen peroxide to the cytosol. these considerations can be used to generate criteria for assessing whether changes in matrix superoxide or ...202033148057
characterizing three shallow-water locations off goa, india, using passive acoustic data.in this study, an analysis of the passive acoustic data is carried out for the quantitative characterization of shallow-water acoustic environments from three major estuarine systems of goa during the months of march and april. the identification of fish sounds was carried out using waveform and peak power spectral densities (psds) of the individual fish calls. fish sound data showed that the toadfish of the batrachoididae family (colletteichthys dussumieri species) produced a spectral level 112 ...202033003864
large-scale variation in snp density within the laboratory axolotl (ambystoma mexicanum).recent efforts to assemble and analyze the ambystoma mexicanum genome have dramatically improved the potential to develop molecular tools and pursue genome-wide analyses of genetic variation.202033001517
first account of phylogeographic variation, larval characters, and laboratory rearing of the endangered cobblestone tiger beetle cicindelidia marginipennis, dejean, 1831 with observations of their natural history.the cobblestone tiger beetle, cicindelidia marginipennis (dejean, 1831) is a north american species specializing in riparian habitats from new brunswick, canada, to alabama in the united states. in the united states, this species is state-listed as threatened or endangered range-wide and periodically receives consideration for federal listing, mostly due to habitat decline. despite its conservation status, intraspecific genetic diversity for this species has not been explored and little is known ...202033081250
dietary exposure and accumulation of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances alters growth and reduces body condition of post-metamorphic salamanders.per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (pfas) are contaminants of concern due to their persistence, potential to bioaccumulate, and toxicity. while dietary exposure is the primary route of exposure for terrestrial species, data on dietary pfas uptake and adverse effects are largely restricted to mammals. as such, substantial data gaps exist that hinder ecological risk assessment, including environmentally relevant exposure levels and taxa. using a 30-d laboratory experiment, we examined the effects ...202033077234
feeding behavior responses of a juvenile hybrid grouper, epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀ × e. lanceolatus♂, to microplastics.in recent decades, microplastic (mp) pollution has become a severe problem in aquatic environments. yet the behavioral and selective responses of fish toward different types of mps remain unclear. we therefore conducted laboratory-based video observations to investigate the behavioral responses of hybrid grouper juveniles (tiger grouper epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀ × giant grouper e. lanceolatus♂) to eight different types of mps. we observed four distinct feeding behaviors: (i) normal ingestion of ...202033070069
identification of anuran species diversity of the panna tiger reserve, central india, using an integrated approach.we present a comprehensive inventory of amphibians from panna tiger reserve in madhya pradesh based on morphological, molecular and bioacoustic data. representatives of 15 anuran species were collected, corresponding to roughly four fifths of the known amphibian species of madhya pradesh. the main results of this study are: (1) description of advertisement calls of eleven species, including the first-time description of advertisement calls of sphaerotheca pashchima. (2) identification of cryptic ...202033056717
modifying the "eye of the tiger" technique: preserving gluteal artery perfusion in the treatment of an aneurysm of the hypogastric artery.in endovascular aneurysm repair, parallel stent graft deployment is sometimes utilized to preserve the distal branch perfusion. however, there will be some gutter space around 2 stent grafts, which may cause endoleak. the "eye of the tiger" technique was invented to minimize this leak when deploying a small side-branch stent graft in conjunction with a large aortic endograft. the purpose of this case report is to describe our modified technique for 2 small endografts deployed in double d-shape i ...202033034266
fine-scale population structure and evidence for local adaptation in australian giant black tiger shrimp (penaeus monodon) using snp analysis.restrictions to gene flow, genetic drift, and divergent selection associated with different environments are significant drivers of genetic differentiation. the black tiger shrimp (penaeus monodon), is widely distributed throughout the indian and pacific oceans including along the western, northern and eastern coastline of australia, where it is an important aquaculture and fishery species. understanding the genetic structure and the influence of environmental factors leading to adaptive differe ...202032993495
three new species of protosticta selys, 1885 (odonata: zygoptera: platystictidae) from the western ghats, india, with taxonomic notes on p. mortoni fraser, 1922 and rediscovery of p. rufostigma kimmins, 1958.three new species of protosticta selys, 1885 (odonata: zygoptera: platystictidae) from the western ghats biodiversity hotspot in india: p. cyanofemora sp. nov. (wet evergreen forests in shendurney wildlife sanctuary, kollam, kerala and kalakkad mundanthurai tiger reserve, tirunelveli, tamil nadu), p. myristicaensis sp. nov. (myristica swamp at kathalekan, shivamogga, karnataka) and p. sholai sp. nov. (montane sholas of upper manalar, meghamalai wildlife sanctuary, theni, tamil nadu) are describe ...202033056228
new or rare madagascar tiger beetles-19. description of pogonostoma (pogonostoma) natsuae sp. nov. and elaborated redescription of p. (m.) meridionale fleutiaux (coleoptera: cicindelidae).pogonostoma (pogonostoma) natsuae sp. nov. from southwestern madagascar is described as new to science. the new species is compared to similar pogonostoma (pogonostoma) meridionale fleutiaux, 1899, which occurs in the southernmost areas of madagascar and whose elaborated redescription is presented. both species are illustrated in colour photographs of their habitus and diagnostic characters of the type and other specimens.202033055841
roles of extracellular matrix components in tiger frog virus attachment to fathead minnow (pimephales promelas) cells.tiger frog virus (tfv) belongs to the genus ranavirus (family iridoviridae) and causes significant harm in cultured frogs, resulting in substantial losses in ecological and economic field in southern china. attachment is the first step in viral life cycle, which is dependent on the interactions of virions with extracellular matrix (ecm) components. studying this process will help in understanding virus infection and controlling viral diseases. in this study, the roles of primary ecm components i ...202032976972
the description of the tiger beetle larvae of cosmodela aurulenta (fabricius, 1801)(coleoptera, cicindelidae).all larval instars of the tiger beetle species cosmodela aurulenta aurulenta (fabricius, 1801) which is the type species of the genus cosmodela rivalier, 1961 are described and illustrated here for the first time, based on material from bali island (indonesia). a brief review of habitat preferences and ecology for adults and larvae of cosmodela aurulenta are provided. differences between c. aurulenta and c. batesi (fleutiaux, 1893) and allied palaearctic genera of the subtribe cicindelina are di ...202033056183
homologues of piwi control transposable elements and development of male germline in penaeus monodon.piwi belongs to the argonaute protein family, which is a major protein component in rna silencing pathway. piwi proteins play roles in the control of transposons and germline development. they have been widely studied in vertebrates and flies, while very little is known in crustacean so far. we have previously identified and characterized a cdna encoding piwi protein (pmpiwi1) in the black tiger shrimp penaeus monodon. in this study, a cdna encoding another piwi protein namely pmpiwi2 was identi ...202032971288
taxonomy and distribution of cylindera germanica (linnaeus, 1758) in the middle east with the description of two new subspecies (coleoptera, carabidae, cicindelinae).two new tiger beetle taxa, cylindera germanica erzincana ssp. nov. boetzl franzen, 2020 from eastern anatolia and cylindera germanica persiana ssp. nov. boetzl franzen, 2020 from southern iran are described based on morphological characters. we present the current knowledge on the distribution of c. germanica (linnaeus, 1758) in the middle east and present a first record of c. germanica muelleri (magistretti, 1966) for turkey. an identification key for the subspecies of c. germanica occurring in ...202033055950
delayed antivenom for life-threatening tiger snake bite: lessons learnt.an adolescent victim of an urban snakebite developed respiratory failure, rhabdomyolysis and consumption procoagulopathy but recovered with two vials of tiger snake antivenom administered after a delay of 48 hours. the clinical significance of a post-bite collapse was not initially appreciated. tiger snake (notechis spp.) venom antigen was measurable in blood before antivenom but not after whereas antivenom was measurable in blood for nine ensuing days. this case adds to growing evidence that fu ...202033017183
partial amniote sex chromosomal linkage homologies shared on snake w sex chromosomes support the ancestral super-sex chromosome evolution in amniotes.squamate reptile chromosome 2 (sr2) is thought to be an important remnant of an ancestral amniote super-sex chromosome, but a recent study showed that the siamese cobra w sex chromosome is also a part of this larger ancestral chromosome. to confirm the existence of an ancestral amniote super-sex chromosome and understand the mechanisms of amniote sex chromosome evolution, chromosome maps of two snake species [russell's viper: daboia russelii (dru) and the common tiger snake: notechis scutatus (n ...202033014016
depth-dependent dive kinematics suggest cost-efficient foraging strategies by tiger sharks.tiger sharks, galeocerdo cuvier, are a keystone, top-order predator that are assumed to engage in cost-efficient movement and foraging patterns. to investigate the extent to which oscillatory diving by tiger sharks conform to these patterns, we used a biologging approach to model their cost of transport. high-resolution biologging tags with tri-axial sensors were deployed on 21 tiger sharks at ningaloo reef for durations of 5-48 h. using overall dynamic body acceleration as a proxy for energy ex ...202032968529
"tiger stripes" sign in acute coronary syndrome.the incidence of mitral regurgitation in acute myocardial syndromes is variable. echocardiographic evaluation is fundamental in making a proper diagnosis of mechanical complications and to offer timely treatment. we present a case of a 64-year-old male who was admitted to the er in acute pulmonary edema. the electrocardiogram showed negative st-segment deviation from v4-v6, positive st-segment deviation in avr. multivessel disease with severe mitral regurgitation was seen in catheterization. a t ...202032952158
long-term mosquito culture with skitosnack, an artificial blood meal replacement.the reliance on blood is a limiting factor for mass rearing of mosquitoes for sterile-insect-technique (sit) and other mosquito-based control strategies. to solve this problem, we have developed skitosnack, a formulated diet for aedes aegypti (l) mosquitoes, as an alternative for vertebrate blood. here we addressed the question if long-term yellow fever mosquito culture with skitosnack resulted in changed life history traits and fitness of the offspring compared to blood-raised mosquitoes. we al ...202032941432
probiotics against viruses; covid-19 is a paper tiger: a systematic review.probiotics can improve immune function for prevention and management of viral infections like sars-cov-2 infection (covid-19 disease).202032940192
a new tiger beetle from the trans-mexican volcanic belt (coleoptera, cicindelidae, cicindelini).a new tiger beetle species, cicindelidia cyanipleura duran and roman n. sp., of the tribe cicindelini, is described from the southwestern section of the trans-mexican volcanic belt. superficially, it appears to be most closely related to c. rufiventris (dejean, 1825) but is distinguished on the basis of multiple morphological characters and behavior. given the rock-loving natural history of the species, escape behavior, polished pronotum, and small body size, it may be more closely related to th ...202033055904
mourilyan virus pathogenicity in kuruma shrimp (penaeus japonicus).the bunyavirus mourilyan virus (mov) occurs commonly in black tiger (penaeus monodon) and kuruma shrimp (penaeus japonicus) farmed in eastern australia. there is circumstantial evidence of mov causing mortalities among p. japonicus moved from farm ponds to tanks for rearing as broodstock. to directly assess its pathogenic potential, independent cohorts of pond- (n = 24) or tank-reared juvenile (n = 21) p. japonicus were challenged intramuscularly with a cephalothorax tissue homogenate of p. mono ...202032929759
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