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detection of tiger podoplanin using the anti-cat podoplanin monoclonal antibody pmab-52.podoplanin (pdpn) is expressed in type i alveolar cells of lung but not in type ii alveolar cells. pdpn is also known as a specific lymphatic endothelial cell marker because pdpn is not expressed in vascular endothelial cells. pdpns of several animals have been characterized using specific anti-pdpn monoclonal antibodies (mabs): pmab-1, pmab-2, pmab-32, pmab-38, pmab-44, and pmab-52 for mouse, rat, rabbit, dog, bovine, and cat pdpns, respectively. in this study, we investigated the possible cros ...201830362928
diabetic kidney disease: the tiger may have new stripes. 201830343731
a new species of hypoprepia from the mountains of central arizona (lepidoptera, erebidae, arctiinae, lithosiini).a new firefly-mimicking lichen moth of the genus hypoprepia, h.lampyroides palting & ferguson, sp. n., is described from the mountains of east-central arizona and the sierra madre occidental of mexico. hypoprepia hübner, 1831 is a north american genus of lithosiine tiger moths, previously consisting of five species: h.fucosa hübner, 1831 and h.miniata (kirby, 1837), both of eastern and central north america; h.cadaverosa strecker, 1878 from the rocky mountains into new mexico and west texas; h.i ...201830337821
dynamics of fatty acid regulatory genes during ovarian development in penaeus monodon.the delay in ovarian maturation in farmed black tiger shrimp penaeus monodon has resulted in the widespread practice of feeding broodstock with the polychaete perinereis nuntia and their unilateral eyestalk ablation. although this practice alters fatty acid content in shrimp ovaries and hepatopancreas, its effects on fatty acid regulatory genes are yet to be systematically examined. here, microarray analysis was performed on hepatopancreas and ovary cdna collected from p. monodon at different ov ...201830328347
the only way is up for bengal tigers in nepal.georgina mills reports on how initiatives and collaborations have led to an increase in tiger numbers in nepal.201830315054
a new species of genus neoaloa singh kirti, 2015 from bihar, india (lepidoptera: erebidae: arctiinae: arctiini).a new species, neoaloa cernyi singh joshi, sp. nov. is described from gular-ghat of valmiki tiger reserve, bihar, india. additionally, the original combination of aloa collaris hampson, 1891, comb. rev. is restored.201830313761
erratum: jiří moravec jan vybíra  (2018) new or rare madagascar tiger beetles-17. description of pogonostoma (microstenocera) noheli sp. nov. and redescription of p. (m.) flavomaculatum w. horn (coleoptera: cicindelidae). zootaxa, 4388 (1): 076-088. 201830313183
targeting restoration sites to improve connectivity in a tiger conservation landscape in india.maintaining and restoring connectivity between source populations is essential for the long term viability of wide-ranging species, many of which occur in landscapes that are under pressure to meet increasing infrastructure needs. identifying barriers in corridors can help inform conservation and infrastructure development agencies so that development objectives can be achieved without compromising conservation goals. here, we use the tiger landscape in central india as a case study to identify ...201830310737
genomic data recover previously undetectable fragmentation effects in an endangered amphibian.a critical consideration when using molecular ecological methods to detect trends and parameterize models at very fine spatial and temporal scales has always been the technical limits of resolution. key landscape features, including most anthropogenic modifications, can cause biologically important, but very recent changes in gene flow that require substantial statistical power to detect. the problem is one of temporal scale: human change is rapid and recent, while genetic changes accumulate slo ...201830307076
cell-free dna next-generation sequencing prediction of response and resistance to third-generation egfr inhibitor.the genomic alterations driving resistance to third-generation egfr tyrosine kinase inhibitors (tkis) are not well established, and collecting tissue biopsy samples poses potential complications from invasive procedures. cell-free circulating dna (cfdna) testing provides a noninvasive approach to identify potentially targetable mechanisms of resistance. here we utilized a 70-gene cfdna next-generation sequencing test to interrogate pretreatment and progression samples from 77 egfr-mutated non-sm ...201830279111
enhancing bioactive antioxidants' extraction from "horchata de chufa" by-products.during the production of a traditional drink produced from the tubers of cyperus esculentus l. also known as "horchata de chufa," a high quantity of by-products are generated. these by-products are rich with valuable biological compounds, hence, there is a need to report their extraction conditions for further use in food production as raw materials. therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate and improve the conventional extraction process, applied for recovery of phenolic compounds, ...201830275430
new records of sharks (elasmobranchii) from the andaman and nicobar archipelago in india with notes on current checklists.the diversity of sharks occurring off the andaman and nicobar archipelago in india has received increased attention in recent years. yet, available checklists are out of date, often with inaccurate information and a number of commercially important species have not been documented through research and fish landing surveys. here we report on shark species examined during fish landing surveys conducted from january 2017 to april 2018. records of twelve previously unreported species from the archip ...201830271254
noninvasive dna-based species and sex identification of asiatic wild dog (cuon alpinus).asiatic wild dog (cuon alpinus) or dhole is an endangered canid with fragmented distribution in south, east and southeast asia. the remaining populations of this species face severe conservation challenges from anthropogenic interventions, but only limited information is available at population and demography levels. here, we describe the novel molecular approaches for unambiguous species and sex identification from noninvasively collected dhole samples. we successfully tested these assays on 13 ...201830555094
high fibre tiger nut pasta and xanthan gum: cooking quality, microstructure, physico-chemical properties and consumer acceptance.the feasibility of replacing wheat semolina by tiger nut flour (20 and 40%) and xanthan gum (1%) in order to obtain high fibre dry pappardelle with fair techno-functional, structural and sensory attributes, was assessed. the cooking properties, texture, colour and sensory acceptance of uncooked and cooked pasta were evaluated. the proximate chemical composition of the raw materials, and the microstructure of the dry pasta were also assessed. the results in this manuscript address the improved nu ...201830263837
gastric dilatation and enterotoxemia in ten captive felids.case description 10 large felids at 8 facilities were determined or suspected to have developed gastric dilatation with or without enterotoxemia over a 20-year period. four felids were found dead with no premonitory signs. clinical findings 4 felids (2 male snow leopards [uncia uncia], 1 male amur tiger [panthera tigris altaica], and 1 male sumatran tiger [panthera tigris sumatrae]) were found dead or died before they could be evaluated. six felids had hematemesis (1 male and 1 female african li ...201830211645
nutrient evaluation of a pork by-product and its use as environmental enrichment for managed large exotic cats.north american zoological institutions typically feed ground raw meat diets to large exotic cats. these diets typically are nutritionally complete, but lack physical properties characteristic of whole prey. lack of mastication and prey manipulation may contribute to behavioral and health challenges. pork by-products may provide environmental enrichment to mitigate these challenges. the objectives of this study were to evaluate a pig head for nutritional composition and to determine if a pig head ...201830208036
semantic memory organization in japanese patients with schizophrenia examined with category fluency.disorganization of semantic memory in patients with schizophrenia has been studied by referring to their category fluency performance. recently, data-mining techniques such as singular value decomposition (svd) analysis have been reported to be effective in elucidating the latent semantic memory structure in patients with schizophrenia. the aim of this study is to investigate semantic memory organization in patients with schizophrenia using a novel method based on data-mining approach.201829618990
papillary architecture of the lingual surface in the puma (puma concolor).this research presents the first anatomical description of the tongue and lingual papillae of the mountain lion (puma). the tongues of three adult male pumas were used in this study. the tongues were dissected and studied firstly by gross and stereomicroscopy. samples of each part were processed by study with scanning electron microscopy. the margins of the lingual apex were surrounded by numerous filiform papillae, which had a bulky papillary body and a bifurcated tip. on the dorsal surface of ...201829152772
relationships between humans and ungulate prey shape amur tiger occurrence in a core protected area along the sino-russian border.large carnivore populations are globally threatened by human impacts. better protection could benefit carnivores, co-occurring species, and the ecosystems they inhabit. the relationship between carnivores and humans, however, is not always consistent in areas of high human activities and is often mediated through the effects of humans on their ungulate prey. to test assumptions regarding how prey abundance and humans affect carnivore occurrence, density, and daily activity patterns, we assessed ...201830598766
characterizing conflict between humans and big cats panthera spp: a systematic review of research trends and management opportunities.conservation of big cats (panthera spp.), a taxonomic group including tigers, lions, jaguars, leopards and snow leopards, is a daunting challenge. as expanding human populations across panthera range countries exacerbate competition for land and prey, conflicts between humans and big cats are inevitable. through a systematic review of the peer-reviewed literature published from 1991 to 2014 and indexed in web of science and google scholar (186 articles), our study explored the current state of k ...201830226894
mangifera indica l. leaf extract in combination with luteolin or quercetin enhances vo2peak and peak power output, and preserves skeletal muscle function during ischemia-reperfusion in humans.it remains unknown whether polyphenols such as luteolin (lut), mangiferin and quercetin (q) have ergogenic effects during repeated all-out prolonged sprints. here we tested the effect of mangifera indica l. leaf extract (mle) rich in mangiferin (zynamite®) administered with either quercetin (q) and tiger nut extract (tne), or with luteolin (lut) on sprint performance and recovery from ischemia-reperfusion. thirty young volunteers were randomly assigned to three treatments 48 h before exercise. t ...201829937737
genomic structure, expression, and functional characterization of checkpoint kinase 1 from penaeus monodon.chk1 is a cell-cycle regulator. chk1 has been identified in organisms ranging from yeast to humans, but few researchers have studied chk1 in shrimps. we cloned chk1 from the black tiger shrimp (penaeus monodon). the full-length cdna sequence of pmchk1 had 3,334 base pairs (bp), with an open reading frame of 1,455 bp. the complete genomic sequence of pmchk1 (11,081 bp) contained 10 exons separated by nine introns. qrt-pcr showed that pmchk1 was highly expressed in the ovaries and gills of p. mono ...201829795680
microplastics in different tissues of fish and prawn from the musa estuary, persian gulf.commercially-important species of fish and a crustacean from four sites in the musa estuary and a site in the persian gulf have been analysed for the presence and location of microplastics (mps). a total of 828 mps were detected in the guts (gastrointestinal tracts), skin, muscle, gills and liver of demersal and pelagic fish (platycephalus indicus, saurida tumbil, sillago sihama, cynoglossus abbreviatus) from all five sites and in the exoskeleton and muscle of the tiger prawn, penaeus semisulcat ...201829684694
spatio-temporal patterns of attacks on human and economic losses from wildlife in chitwan national park, nepal.wildlife attacks on humans and economic losses often result in reduced support of local communities for wildlife conservation. information on spatial and temporal patterns of such losses in the highly affected areas contribute in designing and implementing effective mitigation measures. we analyzed the loss of humans, livestock and property caused by wildlife during 1998 to 2016, using victim family's reports to chitwan national park authorities and buffer zone user committees. a total of 4,014 ...201829672538
practical application of laparoscopic oviductal artificial insemination for the propagation of domestic cats and wild felids.ai was first reported in cats almost 50 years ago but, unlike ai in other domesticated animals (e.g. dogs, cattle, horses), has not been widely used for routine propagation by veterinarians or breeders. anatomical and physiological challenges with cats have hindered the efficiency of ai using standardised transcervical approaches applied to other species. development of laparoscopic oviductal ai (lo-ai) has helped overcome some of these barriers and, during the past 7 years, produced high pregna ...201832188540
urban forest fragmentation impoverishes native mammalian biodiversity in the tropics.urban expansion has caused major deforestation and forest fragmentation in the tropics. the impacts of habitat fragmentation on biodiversity are understudied in urban forest patches, especially in the tropics and little is known on the conservation value of the patches for maintaining mammalian biodiversity. in this study, camera trapping was used to determine the species composition and species richness of medium- and large-sized mammals in three urban forest patches and a contiguous forest in ...201830619561
identifying priority conservation landscapes and actions for the critically endangered javan leopard in indonesia: conserving the last large carnivore in java island.with the extirpation of tigers from the indonesian island of java in the 1980s, the endemic and critically endangered javan leopard is the island's last remaining large carnivore. yet despite this, it has received little conservation attention and its population status and distribution remains poorly known. using maxent modeling, we predicted the locations of suitable leopard landscapes throughout the island of java based on 228 verified javan leopard samples and as a function of seven environme ...201829949588
patterns of livestock depredation by tiger (panthera tigris) and leopard (panthera pardus) in and around corbett tiger reserve, uttarakhand, india.india with estimated more than 2000 tigers (across 18 states) accounts for more than half of the remaining tigers across its range countries. long-term conservation requires measures to protect the large carnivores and its prey base beyond the protect areas. the corbett tiger reserve (ctr) and adjoining forest divisions with high density of tigers play a crucial role in conservation of tiger in uttarakhand state as well as the terai-arc landscape. however, ctr is surrounded with multiple-use for ...201829795557
identifying important conservation areas for the clouded leopard neofelis nebulosa in a mountainous landscape: inference from spatial modeling techniques.the survival of large carnivores is increasingly precarious due to extensive human development that causes the habitat loss and fragmentation. habitat selection is influenced by anthropogenic as well as environmental factors, and understanding these relationships is important for conservation management. we assessed the environmental and anthropogenic variables that influence site use of clouded leopard neofelis nebulosa in bhutan, estimated their population density, and used the results to pred ...201829721297
seasonal food habits and prey selection of amur tigers and amur leopards in northeast china.we analyzed the scats of amur tigers and amur leopards, and examined their annual and seasonal food habits in northeast china to comprehend their coexistence. wild boar had the highest annual and seasonal consumption frequencies by the tigers, while both roe deer and sika deer were mostly preyed by the leopards annually. the three species appeared to be the key preys in terms of high proportion of consumed biomass by the two felids. our data also revealed numerous mid-sized carnivores and small ...201829720702
clinical effect of a mutation (p.glu322asp, c.966 g>t) in pank2 gene in a family with atypical pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration.pantothenate-kinase-associated neurodegeneration (pkan) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the pantothenate kinase 2 (pank2) gene. many different mutations in the pank2 gene have been detected in association with pkan. a 20 year old female patient who had been suffering from progressive gait disorder for 1 year was found to have the 'eye-of-the-tiger sign' from the brain magnetic resonance imaging (mri). the same brain imaging findings were shown in the father and brot ...201830226968
construction of a genetic sexing strain for aedes albopictus: a promising tool for the development of sterilizing insect control strategies targeting the tiger mosquito.aedes albopictus is an invasive mosquito species of global medical concern as its distribution has recently expanded to africa, the americas and europe. in the absence of prophylaxis protecting human populations from emerging arboviruses transmitted by this mosquito species, the most straightforward control measures rely on the suppression or manipulation of vector natural populations. a number of environmental-friendly methods using mass releases of sterilizing males are currently under develop ...201830583741
the nix locus on the male-specific homologue of chromosome 1 in aedes albopictus is a strong candidate for a male-determining factor.global concern over the rapid expansion of the asian tiger mosquito, aedes albopictus, and its vector competence has highlighted an urgent need to improve currently available population control methods, like the sterile insect technique. knowledge of the sex determination cascade is a prerequisite for the development of early-stage sexing systems. to this end, we have characterised the putative sex determination gene, nix, in this species. in aedes species the chromosome complement consists of t ...201830583734
new dates on dingo bones from madura cave provide oldest firm evidence for arrival of the species in australia.the dingo is the only placental land mammal aside from murids and bats to have made the water crossings to reach australia prior to european arrival. it is thought that they arrived as a commensal animal with people, some time in the mid holocene. however, the timing of their arrival is still a subject of major debate with published age estimates varying widely. this is largely because the age estimates for dingo arrival are based on archaeological deposit dates and genetic divergence estimates, ...201830026564
letting the 'cat' out of the bag: pouch young development of the extinct tasmanian tiger revealed by x-ray computed tomography.the tasmanian tiger or thylacine (thylacinus cynocephalus) was an iconic australian marsupial predator that was hunted to extinction in the early 1900s. despite sharing striking similarities with canids, they failed to evolve many of the specialized anatomical features that characterize carnivorous placental mammals. these evolutionary limitations are thought to arise from functional constraints associated with the marsupial mode of reproduction, in which otherwise highly altricial young use the ...201829515893
effects of human impacts on habitat use, activity patterns and ecological relationships among medium and small felids of the atlantic forest.competition theory and niche theory suggest that two morphologically similar species may coexist by reducing the overlap of at least one dimension of their ecological niche. the medium and small neotropical felids are an interesting group of carnivore species for studying intraguild competition. due to differences in size it is expected that the larger ocelot exert strong interference competition on the smaller felids (southern tiger cat, margay and jaguarundi); which, in turn, may exert exploit ...201830067785
alien species and human health: austrian stakeholder perspective on challenges and solutions.no saturation in the introduction, acceleration of spread and the increasing impacts of alien species are a characteristic feature of the anthropocene. concomitantly, alien species affecting human health are supposed to increase, mainly due to increasing global trade and climate change. in this study, we assess challenges and solutions posed by such species to the public health sector in austria over the next few decades. we did so using an online questionnaire circulated to 131 experts and stak ...201830424500
diapause-associated changes in the lipid and metabolite profiles of the asian tiger mosquito, aedes albopictus.diapause is an alternative life-history strategy that allows organisms to enter developmental arrest in anticipation of unfavorable conditions. diapause is widespread among insects and plays a key role in enhancing overwinter survival as well as defining the seasonal and geographic distributions of populations. next-generation sequencing has greatly advanced our understanding of the transcriptional basis for this crucial adaptation but less is known about the regulation of embryonic diapause phy ...201830385483
neighbors help neighbors control urban mosquitoes.the worldwide spread of invasive aedes mosquitoes and arboviral disease, have renewed the pressure for effective and sustainable urban mosquito control. we report on the success of a model we are confident will usher in a new era of urban mosquito control. the key innovation is the mobilization of neighbors guided by scientific advisors, an approach we termed citizen action through science (citizen acts). this approach was tested in a ne us town of approximately 1,000 residential yards infested ...201830361483
a note on wildlife poisoning cases from kerala, south india.wildlife poisoning is an important conservation threat for endangered species in india. there are no publications in the scientific literature that identify the specific poisons or chemicals involved in wildlife poisoning cases from the state of kerala. in this report, all cases of wildlife mortality recorded between 2011 and 2013 at the office of the assistant forest veterinary officer, periyar tiger reserve in kerala were reviewed and cases where poisoning was considered as a differential diag ...201830820194
inhibition of protein glycation by tiger milk mushroom [lignosus rhinocerus(cooke) ryvarden] and search for potential anti-diabetic activity-related metabolic pathways by genomic and transcriptomic data mining.naturally occurring anti-glycation compounds have drawn much interest in recent years as they show potential in reducing or preventing the risk of chronic complications for diabetic patients. in this study, annotation of the genome-transcriptome data from tiger milk mushroom (lignosus rhinocerus, syn.lignosus rhinocerotis) to plantcyc enzymes database identified transcripts that are related to anti-diabetic properties, and these include genes that are involved in carotenoid and abscisic acid bio ...201829491836
modulation of cortisol responses to an acute stressor in zebrafish visually exposed to heterospecific fish during development.studies regarding predator-prey relationships have often focused on prey assessment and the responses to predation risk, but few have verified the relationship in the presence or absence of visual contact with a predator (e.g., tiger oscar, astronotus ocellatus) or a nonpredator (e.g., goldfish, carassius auratus) during the developmental phase, which could alter several physiological and neuroendocrine mechanisms in adulthood. herein, we determined responses to physical (chasing with a net) and ...201829369748
a scoping review of published literature on chikungunya virus.chikungunya virus (chikv) has caused several major epidemics globally over the last two decades and is quickly expanding into new areas. although this mosquito-borne disease is self-limiting and is not associated with high mortality, it can lead to severe, chronic and disabling arthritis, thereby posing a heavy burden to healthcare systems. the two main vectors for chikv are aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus (asian tiger mosquito); however, many other mosquito species have been described as com ...201830496207
plant-derived compounds regulate formation of the insect juvenile hormone receptor complex.insect growth regulators (igrs) are attractive pest control agents due to their high target specificity and relative safety to the environment. recently, plants have been shown to synthesize igrs that affect the insect juvenile hormone (jh) as a part of their defense mechanisms. using a yeast two-hybrid system transformed with the aedes aegypti jh receptor as a reporter system, we identified several jh agonists (jhas) and antagonists (jhans) causing retardation in the ovarian development of fema ...201830195384
rapid evolution and the genomic consequences of selection against interspecific mating.while few species introduced into a new environment become invasive, those that do provide critical information on ecological mechanisms that determine invasions success and the evolutionary responses that follow invasion. aedes albopictus (the asian tiger mosquito) was introduced into the naturalized range of aedes aegypti (the yellow fever mosquito) in the united states in the mid-1980s, resulting in the displacement of a. aegypti in much of the south-eastern united states. the rapid displacem ...201830069966
sargassum wightii-synthesized zno nanoparticles - from antibacterial and insecticidal activity to immunostimulatory effects on the green tiger shrimp penaeus semisulcatus.the green synthesis of metal nanoparticles using phytochemical from marine seaweeds is a fast-growing research field in nanotechnology. here, the biosynthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles was achieved using the hot water extract of sargassum wightii. the hot water extract prepared from s. wightii (h sw) and zno nps were studied by uv-visible and ftir spectroscopy, sem and xrd. then, both products were evaluated for antibiofilm activity towards aquatic pathogens. the nanoparticles' immunostimulati ...201829754050
dispersion and oviposition of aedes albopictus in a brazilian slum: initial evidence of asian tiger mosquito domiciliation in urban environments.aedes albopictus, originally considered as a secondary vector for arbovirus transmission, especially in areas where this species co-exist with aedes aegypti, has been described in most regions of the world. dispersion and domiciliation of ae. albopictus in a complex of densely urbanized slums in rio de janeiro, southeastern brazil, was evidenced. in this study, we tested the hypotheses that 1) ae. albopictus distribution in urban slums is negatively related to distance from vegetation, and 2) th ...201829684029
effectiveness of a field trap barrier system for controlling aedes albopictus: a "removal trapping" strategy.aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus are the main vectors for the transmission of several viral pathogens, in particular, dengue, zika and chikungunya. in the absence of vaccines and treatment, control of aedes mosquitoes is the only means of keeping these diseases in check. aedes control is difficult, and it is, therefore, necessary to evaluate the efficacy of novel control methods, particularly those targeting adult and exophilic ae. albopictus populations.201829463300
antimicrobial activity of a serine proteinase inhibitor spipm5 from the black tiger shrimp penaeus monodon.a two-domain kazal-type serine proteinase inhibitor, spipm5, from penaeus monodon was studied. its transcript was expressed in all tissues tested including the hemocytes, stomach, gill, lymphoid organ, muscle, intestine and heart albeit less in hepatopancreas and eyestalk. the expression of spipm5 gene was also up-regulated by heat stress, white spot syndrome virus (wssv) infection and yellow head virus (yhv) infection. injection of recombinant rspipm5 protein into normal shrimp to mimic heat st ...201829601993
a comparative modeling study on non-climatic and climatic risk assessment on asian tiger mosquito (aedes albopictus).aedes albopictus, the asian tiger mosquito, vector of chikungunya, dengue fever and zika viruses, has proven its hardy adaptability in expansion from its natural asian, forest edge, tree hole habitat on the back of international trade transportation, re-establishing in temperate urban surrounds, in a range of water receptacles and semi-enclosures of organic matter. conventional aerial spray mosquito vector controls focus on wetland and stagnant water expanses, proven to miss the protected hollow ...201829576954
immunostimulation and yellow head virus (yhv) disease resistance induced by a lignin-based pulping by-product in black tiger shrimp (penaeus monodon linn.).yellow head virus (yhv) is classified as one of the most serious pathogens causing a harmful disease in many penaeids, especially black tiger shrimp (penaeus monodon), with high economic loss. to determine a potent and practical prophylactic strategy for controlling this disease, the toxicity of the by-product kraft lignin and its ability to control severe yhv infection were investigated in juvenile black tiger shrimp (15.9 ± 1.2 g body weight). the median lethal dosage at 96 h (96-hrs ld50) of ...201829162544
wssv-responsive gene expression under the influence of pmvrp15 suppression.the viral responsive protein 15 from black tiger shrimp penaeus monodon (pmvrp15), is highly up-regulated and produced in the hemocytes of shrimp with white spot syndrome virus (wssv) infection. to investigate the differential expression of genes from p. monodon hemocytes that are involved in wssv infection under the influence of pmvrp15 expression, suppression subtractive hybridization (ssh) of pmvrp15-silenced shrimp infected with wssv was performed. the 189 cdna clones of the forward library ...201829017938
toll-receptor 9 gene in the black tiger shrimp (penaeus monodon) induced the activation of the tlr-nf-κb signaling pathway.toll receptors are important pathogen recognition receptors (prrs) in shrimps, which play a vital role in defending against virus and bacterial challenge. in this paper, the characterization and functional analysis of a toll9 receptor gene from penaeus monodon was performed in hek293t cells. data showed that pmtoll9 can activate the nf-κb promoter activities of tlr pathway, while isre and ifn-β promoter cannot be activated obviously in hek293t cells using dual-luciferase reporter system. the dow ...201828982619
the asian tiger mosquito aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae) in central germany: surveillance in its northernmost distribution area.the invasive asian tiger mosquito aedes albopictus has recently been observed in southern germany for the first time to reproduce and even overwinter north of the alps. after the accidental capture of adult specimens in jena, german federal state of thuringia, in mid-2015, regular inspections brought forth developmental stages until autumn 2015, indicating local reproduction. surveillance activities implemented in 2016 showed larvae already in early may, suggesting overwintering, and throughout ...201830145257
land use and larval habitat increase aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae) and culex quinquefasciatus (diptera: culicidae) abundance in lowland hawaii.vector abundance plays a key role in transmission of mosquito-borne disease. in hawaii, aedes albopictus (skuse) (diptera: culicidae), the asian tiger mosquito, has been implicated in locally-transmitted dengue outbreaks, while culex quinquefasciatus say (diptera: culicidae), the southern house mosquito, is the primary vector of avian malaria, a wildlife disease that has contributed to declines and extinctions of native hawaiian birds. despite the importance of these introduced species to human ...201830085189
genetic and environmental influences on the size-fecundity relationship in aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae): impacts on population growth estimates?population growth models are integral to ecological studies by providing estimates of population performance across space and time. several models have been developed that estimate population growth through correlates of demographic traits, as measuring each parameter of the model can be prohibitive in experimental studies. since differences in female size can accurately reflect changes in fecundity for many taxa, livdahl and sugihara developed a population growth index that incorporates size-fe ...201830071049
experimental risk assessment for chikungunya virus transmission based on vector competence, distribution and temperature suitability in europe, 2018.backgroundover the last decade, the abundant distribution of the asian tiger mosquito aedes albopictus in southern europe and the import of chikungunya virus (chikv) by infected travellers has resulted in at least five local outbreaks of chikungunya fever in france and italy. considering the ongoing spread of ae. albopictus to central europe, we performed an analysis of the europe-wide spatial risk of chikv transmission under different temperature conditions. methods:ae. albopictus specimens fro ...201830043726
first record of aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae) and second record of aedes japonicus (diptera: culicidae) parasitized by water mites (acari: hydrachnidiae) in north america.the primary aim of this study was to determine if the asian tiger mosquito (aedes albopictus (skuse)) (diptera: culicidae), that vectors a number of arboviruses, is parasitized by water mites (acari: prostigmata: parasitengonina: hydrachnidiae). larval water mite parasitism of adult mosquitoes has been shown to reduce mosquito fecundity and life span in the laboratory, and impact some populations in the field. water mites have been considered for biocontrol purposes and used to age-grade mosquit ...201830020480
water associated with residential areas and tourist resorts is the key predictor of asian tiger mosquito presence on a mediterranean island.the asian tiger mosquito, aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae), is a highly invasive species and a vector of several viruses of serious concern to public health. investigating the habitat selection of this species at small to medium scales is essential to the planning of effective prevention and control campaigns. the present group considered detailed data for this species' presence/absence collected at 228 sites on mallorca island (spain) in autumn 2015, 3 years after the first detection of th ...201829969158
first report on the application of near-infrared spectroscopy to predict the age of aedes albopictus skuse.to date, no methodology has been described for predicting the age of aedes albopictus skuse mosquitoes, commonly known as asian tiger mosquitoes. in this study, we report the potential of near-infrared spectroscopy (nirs) technique for characterizing the age of female laboratory reared ae. albopictus. using leave-one-out cross-validation analysis on a training set, laboratory reared mosquitoes preserved in rnalater for up to a month were assessed at 1, 3, 7, 9, 13, 16, 20 and 25 days post emerge ...201829941924
areas with high hazard potential for autochthonous transmission of aedes albopictus-associated arboviruses in germany.the intensity and extent of transmission of arboviruses such as dengue, chikungunya, and zika virus have increased markedly over the last decades. autochthonous transmission of dengue and chikungunya by aedes albopictus has been recorded in southern europe where the invasive mosquito was already established and viraemic travelers had imported the virus. ae. albopictus populations are spreading northward into germany. here, we model the current and future climatically suitable regions for ae. alb ...201829914102
the invasive asian tiger mosquito aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae) in the czech republic: repetitive introduction events highlight the need for extended entomological surveillance.in the framework of a regional collaborative project between authorities and scientists, evidence was found of repeated introduction of aedes (stegomyia) albopictus (skuse) alongside the main road entrances (e461 and e65) connecting austria and the slovak republic with the czech republic. in comparison to data from 2012 (17 specimens collected on three occasions), the seasons 2016 (66 specimens on ten occasions) and 2017 (90 specimens on eight occasions) show an apparent increase of introduction ...201829856987
life histories and other biological characteristics enabling the establishment of aedes albopictus in the san gabriel valley, california.since aedes albopictus was discovered in 2011 in the san gabriel valley it has become widespread despite the "harsh" environmental conditions and intense efforts to control or eliminate it. species introduced into a new area may survive, thrive, or disappear depending on whether its new environment is suitable. the san gabriel valley mosquito and vector control district expended considerable resources from 2011 to 2015 to eradicate this invasive species or, at a minimum, control and manage its s ...201831442161
nighttime applications of two formulations of pyrethroids are effective against diurnal aedes albopictus.the successful control of aedes albopictus requires a multifaceted approach using a variety of integrated pest management techniques. because this species is diurnal, nighttime ultra-low volume adulticide applications seem likely to miss resting mosquitoes and, therefore, are often met with skepticism. the goal of this study was to compare the efficacy of nighttime applications of pyrethroids with and without prallethrin to control caged and field populations of ae. albopictus. during august and ...201831442153
cannibalism in temporary waters: simulations and laboratory experiments revealed the role of spatial shape in the mosquito aedes albopictus.cannibalism is a commonly observed phenomenon in arthropod species having relevant consequences for population dynamics and individual fitness. it is a context-dependent behaviour and an understanding of the factors affecting cannibalism rate is crucial to highlight its ecological relevance. in mosquitoes, cannibalism between larval stages has been widely documented, and the role of density, food availability and length of contact between individuals also ascertained. however, although mosquitoe ...201829813108
genetic characters of the globally spread tiger mosquito, aedes albopictus (diptera, culicidae): implications from mitochondrial gene coi.there has been a rapid global expansion of aedes albopictus, with varying biological characters and vector competence according to geographic and evolutionary origins of the invading populations. based on mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase i (coi) sequences from both native and invasive regions, genetic characters of ae. albopictus were examined. phylogenetic analyses indicate lineage differentiation in the original areas, and only one of the lineages was involved in the worldwide expansion ...201829757513
genetic analysis of aedes albopictus (diptera, culicidae) reveals a deep divergence in the original regions.aedes albopictus has been described as one of the 100 worst invasive species in the world. this mosquito originated from southeastern asia and currently has a widespread presence in every continent except antarctica. the rapid global expansion of ae. albopictus has increased public health concerns about arbovirus-related disease threats. adaptation, adaption to novel areas is a biological challenge for invasive species, and the underlying processes can be studied at the molecular level. in this ...201829729282
chemical composition and assessment of larvicidal and repellent capacity of 14 lamiaceae essential oils against aedes albopictus.in the current laboratory study, 14 essential oils (eos) derived from 12 lamiaceae plant species and their major components were screened for their larvicidal and repellent properties against aedes albopictus, an invasive mosquito species of great medical importance. the results of toxicity bioassays revealed that the eos from thymus vulgaris, ocimum basilicum, origanum dictamnus, origanum majorana, and origanum vulgare, as well as their major components (terpenes), namely thymol, carvacrol, p-c ...201829717370
pirna profiling of dengue virus type 2-infected asian tiger mosquito and midgut tissues.the asian tiger mosquito, aedes albopictus, is a competent vector for the majority of arboviruses. the mosquito innate immune response is a primary determinant for arthropod-borne virus transmission, and the midgut is the first barrier to pathogen transmission. mosquito antiviral immunity is primarily mediated by the small interfering rna pathway. however, the roles that the p-element induced wimpy testis (piwi)-interacting rna (pirna) pathway play in antiviral immunity in ae. albopictus and its ...201829690553
detection of the invasive mosquito species aedes (stegomyia) albopictus (diptera: culicidae) in portugal.the asian tiger mosquito aedes albopictus is an invasive mosquito originating from the asia-pacific region. this species is of major concern to public and veterinary health because of its vector role in the transmission of several pathogens, such as chikungunya, dengue, and zika viruses. in portugal, a national vector surveillance network (rede de vigilância de vectores—revive) is responsible for the surveillance of autochthonous, but also invasive, mosquito species at points of entr ...201829690531
the asian tiger mosquito, aedes (stegomyia) albopictus (skuse), a vector of dengue, chikungunya and zika viruses, reaches portugal (diptera: culicidae).the asian tiger mosquito, aedes (stegomyia) albopictus (skuse), is a tropical species originally from south-eastern asia (hawley, 1988). it has experienced a rampant human-mediated range expansion since the 1970s to now occupy almost the whole of the tropical and subtropical areas of the world. as an eclectic haematophagous species, it attacks humans and is able to use a number of man-made and natural structures where stagnant water is present (estrada-franco craig, 1995). eggs are able to survi ...201829690129
shared larval rearing environment, sex, female size and genetic diversity shape ae. albopictus bacterial microbiota.the asian tiger mosquito aedes albopictus became of public health concern as it can replicate and transmit viral and filarial pathogens with a strong invasive success over the world. various strategies have been proposed to reduce mosquito population's vectorial capacity. among them, symbiotic control of mosquito borne disease offers promising perspectives. such method is likely to be affected by the dynamics of mosquito-associated symbiotic communities, which might in turn be affected by host g ...201829641577
investigation of temperature conditions in swiss urban and suburban microhabitats for the overwintering suitability of diapausing aedes albopictus eggs.in switzerland, the invasive asian tiger mosquito, aedes albopictus, is firmly established in the canton of ticino, south of the alps. according to a large-scale distribution model developed in 2013, suitable climatic conditions for the establishment of ae. albopictus north of the alps are found in basel and geneva while zurich appears to be characterized by winters currently being too cold for survival of diapausing eggs. however, the spatial resolution of large-scale distribution models might ...201829587850
local extinction of the asian tiger mosquito (aedes albopictus) following rat eradication on palmyra atoll.the asian tiger mosquito, aedes albopictus, appears to have been extirpated from palmyra atoll following rat eradication. anecdotal biting reports, collection records, and regular captures in black-light traps showed the species was present before rat eradication. since then, there have been no biting reports and no captures over 2 years of extensive trapping (black-light and scent traps). by contrast, the southern house mosquito, culex quinquefasciatus, was abundant before and after rat eradica ...201829491026
forecasting the spatial and seasonal dynamic of aedes albopictus oviposition activity in albania and balkan countries.the increasing spread of the asian tiger mosquito, aedes albopictus, in europe and us raises public health concern due to the species competence to transmit several exotic human arboviruses, among which dengue, chikungunya and zika, and urges the development of suitable modeling approach to forecast the spatial and temporal distribution of the mosquito. here we developed a dynamical species distribution modeling approach forecasting ae. albopictus eggs abundance at high spatial (0.01 degree wgs8 ...201829432489
larval superiority of culex pipiens to aedes albopictus in a replacement series experiment: prospects for coexistence in germany.the asian tiger mosquito aedes albopictus is an extremely invasive, globally distributed and medically important vector of various human and veterinary pathogens. in germany, where this species was recently introduced, its establishment may become modulated by interspecific competition from autochthonous mosquito species, especially culex pipiens (s.l.). while competitive superiority of ae. albopictus to cx. pipiens (s.l.) has been described elsewhere, it has not been assessed in the epidemiolog ...201829394910
habitat geography around hawaii's oceanic islands influences tiger shark (galeocerdo cuvier) spatial behaviour and shark bite risk at ocean recreation sites.we compared tiger shark (galeocerdo cuvier) spatial behaviour among 4 hawaiian islands to evaluate whether local patterns of movement could explain higher numbers of shark bites seen around maui than other islands. our sample consisted of 96 electronically-tagged (satellite and acoustic transmitters) tiger sharks, individually tracked for up to 6 years. most individuals showed fidelity to a specific 'home' island, but also swam between islands and sometimes ranged far (up to 1,400 km) offshore. ...201829563552
combining abundance and performance data reveals how temperature regulates coastal occurrences and activity of a roaming apex predator.the redistribution of species has emerged as one of the most pervasive impacts of anthropogenic climate warming, and presents many societal challenges. understanding how temperature regulates species distributions is particularly important for mobile marine fauna such as sharks given their seemingly rapid responses to warming, and the socio-political implications of human encounters with some dangerous species. the predictability of species distributions can potentially be improved by accounting ...201829516588
lack of multiple paternity in the oceanodromous tiger shark (galeocerdo cuvier).multiple paternity has been documented as a reproductive strategy in both viviparous and ovoviviparous elasmobranchs, leading to the assumption that multiple mating may be ubiquitous in these fishes. however, with the majority of studies conducted on coastal and nearshore elasmobranchs that often form mating aggregations, parallel studies on pelagic, semi-solitary species are lacking. the tiger shark (galeocerdo cuvier) is a large pelagic shark that has an aplacental viviparous reproductive mode ...201829410842
genome of the tasmanian tiger provides insights into the evolution and demography of an extinct marsupial carnivore.the tasmanian tiger or thylacine (thylacinus cynocephalus) was the largest carnivorous australian marsupial to survive into the modern era. despite last sharing a common ancestor with the eutherian canids ~160 million years ago, their phenotypic resemblance is considered the most striking example of convergent evolution in mammals. the last known thylacine died in captivity in 1936 and many aspects of the evolutionary history of this unique marsupial apex predator remain unknown. here we have se ...201829230027
first report of aedes (stegomyia) albopictus (skuse) (diptera: culicidae), the asian tiger mosquito, in ecuador.aedes (stegomyia) albopictus (skuse), (diptera: culicidae), the asian tiger mosquito, is one of the most widespread invasive vector-borne disease insect in tropical and temperate zones. this species has invaded the americas over the past 3 decades and has spread to six countries. we report ae. albopictus in guayaquil city, the first time it has been identified in ecuador. outdoor bg-sentinel traps without lures collected a total of 21 ae. albopictus.201829029173
characterizing environmental suitability of aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae) in mexico based on regional and global niche models.the asian tiger mosquito, aedes albopictus (skuse) (diptera: culicidae), is an invasive species and a vector of numerous human pathogens, including chikungunya, dengue, yellow fever, and zika viruses. this mosquito had been reported from 36 geographic locations in mexico by 2005, increasing to 101 locations by 2010 and 501 locations (spanning 16 states) by 2016. here we modeled the occupied niche for ae. albopictus in mexico to characterize the environmental conditions related to its presence, a ...201829186544
vector-borne diseases and climate change: a european perspective.climate change has already impacted the transmission of a wide range of vector-borne diseases in europe, and it will continue to do so in the coming decades. climate change has been implicated in the observed shift of ticks to elevated altitudes and latitudes, notably including the ixodes ricinus tick species that is a vector for lyme borreliosis and tick-borne encephalitis. climate change is also thought to have been a factor in the expansion of other important disease vectors in europe: aedes ...201829149298
aedes albopictus (skuse, 1895) (diptera: culicidae) in greece: 13 years of living with the asian tiger mosquito.aedes (stegomyia) albopictus (skuse, 1895) (diptera: culicidae), commonly known as the asian tiger mosquito, is an invasive mosquito species of public health significance, well established in many countries worldwide. in greece, it was first recorded in corfu and thesprotia between 2003 and 2004. in the following years, further distribution and establishment of ae. albopictus in greece have been confirmed in many regional units of the country. in the current study, we report the invasion history ...201829275504
correction: dengue virus serotype 2 infection alters midgut and carcass gene expression in the asian tiger mosquito, aedes albopictus.[this corrects the article doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171345.].201829370309
a cytosolic sensor, pmddx41, mediates antiviral immune response in black tiger shrimp penaeus monodon.dead (asp-glu-ala-asp)-box polypeptide 41 (ddx41), a receptor belonging to the dexd family, has recently been identified as an intracellular dna sensor in vertebrates. here, we report on the identification and functional characterization of pmddx41, the first cytosolic dna sensor in shrimp. by searching a penaeus monodon expressed sequence tag (est) database (http://pmonodon.biotec.or.th), three cdna fragments exhibiting similarity to ddx41 in various species were identified and assembled, resul ...201829248385
transcriptome analysis provides insights into the immune responsive pathways and genes in the head kidney of tiger grouper (epinephelus fuscoguttatus) fed with spatholobus suberectus, phellodendron amurense, or eclipta prostrata.the tiger grouper, epinephelus fuscoguttatus, is an economically important fish in southeast asia but has been plagued by several diseases. spatholobus suberectus (s), phellodendron amurense (p), and eclipta prostrate (e) are three commonly used chinese medicinal herbs. although previous pharmacological and clinical studies indicated that s, p, and e possess a variety of beneficial functions in mammals, little is known about their functions in farmed fish and the underlying molecular mechanism o ...201829222026
characterization and expression analysis of a chitinase gene (pmchi-5) from black tiger shrimp (penaeus monodon) under pathogens infection and ambient ammonia-n stress.chitinases are crucial enzymes for crustaceans. previous researches had already revealed that chitinases play important roles in digestion, molting and defense against viruses. in the present study, a chitinase cdna was identified from black tiger shrimp (penaeus monodon) and designated as pmchi-5. the full-length pmchi-5 cdna was 2860 bp in size, containing an open reading frame (orf) of 1731 bp that encoded a protein of 576 amino acids with a deduced molecular weight of 64.8 kda. expression of ...201829100985
development of a degree-day model to predict egg hatch of aedes albopictus.aedes albopictus, the asian tiger mosquito, is an important nuisance mosquito species and known vector of arboviruses such as dengue, chikungunya, and zika. despite their cosmopolitan distribution around the world, there is a paucity of accurate predictive models based on rates of development at different temperatures (degree-day models). these types of models can benefit mosquito control districts by predicting when to target early-season larval development, when populations are likely at their ...201931922937
high genetic diversity but no geographical structure of aedes albopictus populations in réunion island.in recent years, the asian tiger mosquito aedes albopictus has emerged as a species of major medical concern following its global expansion and involvement in many arbovirus outbreaks. on réunion island, ae. albopictus was responsible for a large chikungunya outbreak in 2005-2006 and more recently an epidemic of dengue which began at the end of 2017 and is still ongoing at the time of writing. this dengue epidemic has seen a high number of human cases in south and west coastal regions, while few ...201931856896
pathogenicity and transgenerational effects of metarhizium anisopliae on the demographic parameters of aedes albopictus (culicidae: diptera).dengue fever is a vector-borne infectious disease that spreads swiftly and threatens human lives in several tropical countries. most of the strategies employed for the control of aedes albopictus (skuse) involve synthetic chemicals. the indiscriminate use of synthetic chemicals has led to the development of resistance and is unsafe for human and environmental health. therefore, there is a need to develop ecologically safe tactics, such as the use of the entomopathogenic fungus (epf) metarhizium ...201931819965
predicting the success of an invader: niche shift versus niche conservatism.invasive species can encounter environments different from their source populations, which may trigger rapid adaptive changes after introduction (niche shift hypothesis). to test this hypothesis, we investigated whether postintroduction evolution is correlated with contrasting environmental conditions between the european invasive and source ranges in the asian tiger mosquito aedes albopictus. the comparison of environmental niches occupied in european and source population ranges revealed more ...201931788205
patterns of spatial genetic structures in aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae) populations in china.the asian tiger mosquito, aedes albopictus, is one of the 100 worst invasive species in the world and the vector for several arboviruses including dengue, zika and chikungunya viruses. understanding the population spatial genetic structure, migration, and gene flow of vector species is critical to effectively preventing and controlling vector-borne diseases. little is known about the population structure and genetic differentiation of native ae. albopictus in china. the aim of this study was to ...201931752961
high-throughput genotyping of a full voltage-gated sodium channel gene via genomic dna using target capture sequencing and analytical pipeline monas to discover novel insecticide resistance mutations.in insects, the voltage-gated sodium channel (vgsc) is the primary target site of pyrethroid insecticides. various amino acid substitutions in the vgsc protein, which are selected under insecticide pressure, are known to confer insecticide resistance. in the genome, the vgsc gene consists of more than 30 exons sparsely distributed across a large genomic region, which often exceeds 100 kbp. due to this complex genomic structure, it is often challenging to genotype full coding nucleotide sequences ...201931738756
juvenile hormone iii but not 20-hydroxyecdysone regulates the embryonic diapause of aedes albopictus.diapause is an alternative developmental trajectory allowing insects to enter dormancy and persist through predictable periods of seasonally unfavorable conditions. this crucial ecological adaptation defines the geographic and seasonal abundance of many insect pollinators, pests, and vectors. understanding the hormonal changes by which insects coordinate the perception of external, diapause-inducing cues with the physiological mechanisms that lead to developmental arrest is a long-standing goal ...201931708801
differentiation of long non-coding rna and mrna expression profiles in male and female aedes albopictus.the asia tiger mosquito (aedes albopictus) is an important vector of arboviruses, and females can transmit pathogens such as the dengue, zika, and chikungunya viruses. understanding sex-related differences in this mosquito is fundamental for vector control. however, there are no reports of systematic characterization of long non-coding rnas (lncrnas) in male and female ae. albopictus. to investigate the roles of coding and non-coding rnas in both sexes of ae. albopictus, rna sequencing was perfo ...201931681418
variation in tolerance to parasites affects vectorial capacity of natural asian tiger mosquito populations.globally, diseases transmitted by arthropod vectors, such as mosquitoes, remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality [1]. the defense responses of mosquito and other arthropod vectors against parasites are important for understanding disease transmission dynamics and for the development of novel disease-control strategies. consequently, the mechanisms by which mosquitoes resist parasitic infection (e.g., immune-mediated killing) have long been studied [2, 3]. however, the ability of mosquito ...201931679930
development and calibration of a model for the potential establishment and impact of aedes albopictus in europe.the asian tiger mosquito (aedes albopictus) is one of the most invasive disease vectors worldwide. the species is a competent vector of dengue, chikungunya, zika viruses and other severe parasites and pathogens threatening human health. the capacity of this mosquito to colonize and establish in new areas (including temperate regions) is enhanced by its ability of producing diapausing eggs that survive relatively cold winters. the main drivers of population dynamics for this mosquito are water an ...201931678121
a novel metric reveals biotic resistance potential and informs predictions of invasion success.invasive species continue to proliferate and detrimentally impact ecosystems on a global scale. whilst impacts are well-documented for many invaders, we lack tools to predict biotic resistance and invasion success. biotic resistance from communities may be a particularly important determinant of the success of invaders. the present study develops traditional ecological concepts to better understand and quantify biotic resistance. we quantified predation towards the highly invasive asian tiger mo ...201931653905
population genetics of aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae) in its native range in lao people's democratic republic.the asian tiger mosquito, aedes (stegomyia) albopictus (skuse) is an important worldwide invasive species and can be a locally important vector of chikungunya, dengue and, potentially, zika. this species is native to southeast asia where populations thrive in both temperate and tropical climates. a better understanding of the population structure of ae. albopictus in lao pdr is very important in order to support the implementation of strategies for diseases prevention and vector control. in the ...201931610813
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