Publications

implementation strategies for a scottish national epilepsy guideline in primary care: results of the tayside implementation of guidelines in epilepsy randomized (tiger) trial.	to determine the effectiveness of two dissemination and implementation strategies to implement a national guideline for epilepsy management in primary care settings.	2004	14692904
senior care: making a difference in long-term care of older adults.	this article describes the creation of senior care, a practice of the university of missouri sinclair school of nursing (musson). senior care is a home care agency that specializes in care of frail older adults. grant funds assisted senior care in start up, and the program generated more than 1.25 million dollars in service revenue during the past fiscal year. more than 300 students, from nursing and other schools across the university, have used senior care as a clinical or service-learning sit ...	2004	14974516
cloning success marks asian nations as scientific tigers.		2004	14973443
how the mesencephalic locomotor region recruits hindbrain neurons.	this chapter summarizes experiments which were designed to reveal how repetitive electrical stimulation of the mesencephalic locomotor region (mlr) recruits nearby hindbrain neurons into activity, such that locomotion can ensue in the tiger salamander, a. tigrinum. the mlr stimulus strength was subthreshold or near-threshold for locomotor movements to ensue. such relatively weak stimulation of the mlr produced locomotor movements after a relatively long delay, which featured neuronal interaction ...	2004	14653167
connexin35/36 gap junction proteins are expressed in photoreceptors of the tiger salamander retina.	photoreceptors in the vertebrate retina are electrically coupled with one another. such coupling plays important roles in visual information processing. physiological properties of rod-rod and rod-cone coupling have been best studied in the salamander retina, yet the cellular and molecular basis of these electrical synapses has not been established. recently, connexin35/36 (cx35/36) gap junction proteins were found to be highly expressed in brain and retina, suggesting that it may mediate photor ...	2004	14755521
temperature dependence of brillouin frequency, power, and bandwidth in panda, bow-tie, and tiger polarization-maintaining fibers.	we report a study of the temperature dependence of the brillouin gain and loss for three different kinds of commercial polarization-maintaining fibers for the first time to our knowledge. the brillouin frequency differences between the fast and slow axes are independent of the temperature, varying between 2.9 and 4.3 mhz. using 2-ns pulses (equivalent to a spatial resolution of 20 cm), we find that the temperature coefficients for the relative brillouin power at a wavelength of 1310 nm are 0.26% ...	2004	14719646
conduritols as oviposition stimulants for the danaid butterfly, parantica sita, identified from a host plant, marsdenia tomentosa.	host-plant chemicals responsible for egg-laying by the chestnut tiger butterfly, parantica sita, were identified from one of its hosts, marsdenia tomentosa. ovipositing females responded positively to a methanolic extract of the plant. solvent partitioning of the extract and oviposition bioassays indicated that the active principle resided in the aqueous fraction. further activity-directed fractionation of the water-soluble constituents by various forms of column chromatography led to the isolat ...	2004	15672671
[investigation on "gout" and comparison of disorder between chinese and western medicine in pre-song-yuan dynasty].	before the song-yuan dynasties, it was claimed that "gout" is the result of heat in the blood plus invasion of wind, cold, or dampness, leading to coagulation of turbid dampness in the channel-collaterals, characterized by arthralgia, exacerbated in the nighttime. "gout" was first seen in the ming yi bie lu (other records of famous physicians) of the liang dynasty. before that, it was categorized under "bi" syndrome. no detailed description was given to "gout" during the period from the first ap ...	2004	15730759
[hallervorden spatz syndrome: magnetic resonance findings. case report].	hallervorden-spatz syndrome is a neurodegenerative disease, autosomic recessive with two clinical features: early and late onset. psychiatric, pyramidal and extrapyramidal signs are present in the late subtype. we report the case of a 41-old woman with extrapyramidal signs. magnetic resonance imaging (mri) showed the eye-of-the-tiger sign in the medial globus pallidus. this is due to a gliosis (increased signal) and accumulation of surrounding iron (decreased signal intensity) in long tr sequenc ...	2004	15334240
what works. taming the tiger. johns hopkins health system employs automation to tackle the organizational management of thousands of annual alerts and recall notices.		2004	15328964
simultaneous strain and temperature measurements with polarization-maintaining fibers and their error analysis by use of a distributed brillouin loss system.	simultaneous temperature and strain measurement with a distributed brillouin loss system is proposed by use of the parameters brillouin frequency, power, and bandwidth, for panda, bow-tie, and tiger polarization-maintaining fibers for the first time to our knowledge. the expressions for simultaneous temperature and strain sensing and the maximum errors and rms values of temperature and strain measurements are derived with three combinations of the parameters: (1) power and brillouin frequency, ( ...	2004	15233429
hallervorden-spatz syndrome. variable imaging findings.	authors describe clinical features, ct scan and mri findings of 4 egyptian boys (3 brothers from one sibship and a sporadic case) with hallervorden-spatz syndrome (hss). these patients presented around the age of 10-years-old with rigidity, dystonia, dysarthria, mental deterioration with loss of previously acquired skills and choreoathetotic movements. the 3 brothers developed seizures around the age of 16 and the older brother died at the age of 20. although, the ct scan of the 3 brothers showe ...	2004	23377430
mental health: asia's tigers get the blues.		2004	15201883
desensitization of the mglur6 transduction current in tiger salamander on bipolar cells.	light depolarizes retinal on bipolar cells, opening the cation-selective channels that are responsible for producing the synaptic current. in this study, the basic features of light-induced signals were mimicked by bathing slices of salamander retina with an agonist for the mglur6 receptor that is expressed on the dendrites of on cells, and then displacing the agonist with the mglur6 antagonist (rs)-a-cyclopropyl-4-phosphonophenylglycine (cppg). the transduction current that is activated by this ...	2004	15146044
microsatellite dna markers: evaluating their potential for estimating the proportion of hatchery-reared offspring in a stock enhancement programme.	we describe a statistical method for estimating the effectiveness of a stock enhancement programme using nuclear dna loci. it is based on knowing the population allele frequencies and the genotypes of the hatchery parents (mother only, or mother and father), and on determining the probability that a wild-born animal will by chance have a genotype consistent with hatchery origin. we show how to estimate the proportion of released animals in the wild population, and its standard error. the method ...	2004	15078464
establishment of enteral nutrition: prokinetic agents and small bowel feeding tubes.	nutritional support is vital to improving the clinical outcomes in patients in the intensive care unit. enteral nutrition should be administered early and aggressively, thereby reducing the need for parenteral nutrition. because nasogastric feeding is often associated with gastrointestinal intolerance, recent research has focused on the use of prokinetic agents or small bowel feeding tubes to enhance the successful establishment and maintenance of enteral nutrition.	2004	15075727
a new sensitive isotropic-anisotropic separation experiment-speed mas.	a new sensitive 2d isotropic-anisotropic separation experiment that utilizes stroboscopic phase encoding in the evolution dimension (speed) under magic angle sample spinning is presented. this 2d experiment consists of a train of 2n - 1 pi pulses that are applied over 2n rotor periods. the pi pulse train effectively reduces the apparent spinning speed in the evolution dimension by a factor of 1 / (2n) from the mechanical spinning speed. thus, problems commonly associated with magic angle turning ...	2004	15140441
[genetic diversity of microsatellite loci in captive amur tigers].	the tiger is one of the most threatened wildlife species since the abundance and distribution of tiger have decreased dramatically in the last century. the wild amur tiger (panthera tigris altaica) only distributed in northeast china, the far east area of russia and the north korea and its size of wild population is about 450 in the world and 20 in china. several hundred captive populations of amur tigers are the main source to protect gene library of tiger and the source of recovering the wild ...	2004	15640074
cytogenetic analysis of ctenostomini by c-banding and rdna localization and its relevance to the knowledge of the evolution of tiger beetles (coleoptera: cicindelidae).	in this work, the first cytogenetic data on neotropical collyrinae is provided, by way of their karyotypes, c-banding and ribosomal genes (rdna) localization using fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish). the two species analysed, ctenostoma (procephalus) ornatum ornatum (male) and ctenostoma (euctenostoma) rugosum (female) showed, respectively, a diploid number of 17 and 18 chromosomes. c. ornatum ornatum has a multiple sex chromosome system (n = 7 + x1x2y), and mitotic and meiotic metaphase ...	2004	15609549
phylogeography and genetic ancestry of tigers (panthera tigris).	eight traditional subspecies of tiger (panthera tigris),of which three recently became extinct, are commonly recognized on the basis of geographic isolation and morphological characteristics. to investigate the species' evolutionary history and to establish objective methods for subspecies recognition, voucher specimens of blood, skin, hair, and/or skin biopsies from 134 tigers with verified geographic origins or heritage across the whole distribution range were examined for three molecular mark ...	2004	15583716
pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration initially presenting as postural tremor alone in a japanese family with homozygous n245s substitutions in the pantothenate kinase gene.	we describe a 24-year-old japanese woman with pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (pkan) whose only early symptom was postural tremor in the right hand at around 18 years of age, leading to a diagnosis of essential tremor at age 21. although she was treated with arotinolol hydrochloride and clonazepam, she gradually progressed to extrapyramidal and pyramidal signs several years later. t2-weighted magnetic resonance images (mri) showed bilaterally marked hypointensity with a central ...	2004	15465096
morphology of the lingual papillae in the tiger.	the dorsal lingual surfaces of an adult tiger (panthera tigris altaica) was examined by macroscopical and scanning electron microscopical observations. filiform, fungiform and vallate papillae were observed. the filiform papillae were distributed over the entire dosal surface of the tongue. the fungiform papillae were present rounded bodies, and more densely distributed on the lingual apex. there were 4 vallate papillae in total on borderline between the lingual body and lingual radix. each papi ...	2004	15455727
evolutionary biology: adaptive developmental plasticity in snakes.	the morphology of organisms is generally well matched to their environment, presumably because expression of their genes is tailored either at the population or the individual level to suit local conditions: for example, snake populations that persistently encounter large prey may accumulate gene mutations that specify a large head size, or head growth may be increased in individual snakes to meet local demands (adaptive developmental plasticity). here we test the relative contributions of genet ...	2004	15372019
using exon and intron sequences of the gene mp20 to resolve basal relationships in cicindela (coleoptera:cicindelidae).	the genus cicindela (coleoptera: cicindelidae) is a species-rich cosmopolitan group of tiger beetles useful for comparing clade diversification worldwide. knowledge about relationships of major groups is important for this analysis but basal nodes in cicindela have been difficult to resolve with standard mtdna markers. here we developed the mp20 gene, a single-copy nuclear marker coding for a muscle-associated protein in insects, for phylogenetic analysis of basal groups of cicindela. nearly ful ...	2004	15371246
evolutionary history of coastal tiger beetles in japan based on a comparative phylogeography of four species.	to reveal the phylogeographical patterns of four species of coastal tiger beetles in japan (lophyridia angulata, abroscelis anchoralis, cicindela lewisii and chaetodera laetescripta), we conducted phylogenetic and nested clade analysis (nca) using the mitochondrial dna sequences of two loci (coi and 16s rrna), with specimens sampled from japan and neighbouring countries. abroscelis anchoralis and l. angulata have similar disjunct distributions in japan. the nca indicated past fragmentation invol ...	2004	15367120
the molecular phylogenetics of endangerment: cryptic variation and historical phylogeography of the california tiger salamander, ambystoma californiense.	a primary goal of conservation genetics is the discovery, delimitation and protection of phylogenetic lineages within sensitive or endangered taxa. given the importance of lineage protection, a combination of phylogeography, historical geology and molecular clock analyses can provide an important historical context for overall species conservation. we present the results of a range-wide survey of genetic variation in the california tiger salamander, ambystoma californiense, as well as a summary ...	2004	15367118
surgical removal of stones in the stomach of a tiger shovelnose catfish.	a seven months old, tiger shovelnose catfish was referred to the veterinary medical teaching hospital of the college of veterinary medicine, konkuk university because of suspecting a foreign body in the stomach. by physical and radiologic examinations, the catfish revealed abdominal enlargement, vomiting, inactivity and radiopaque foreign bodies in the stomach. under general anesthesia with dilute isoflurane solution, celiotomy was performed. stomach was atonic, and three foreign bodies were pal ...	2004	15365246
endangered species act. can california ranchers save the tiger salamander?		2004	15361598
ncqa's new online survey tries to tame the paper tiger.		2004	15347158
paper tigers?		2004	7567531
ten years of snake bites at fremantle hospital.	seventy-six patients (30% children) were admitted to fremantle hospital over 10 years with suspected snake bite. twenty-nine patients were definitely bitten, with 26 bites being witnessed. of the 13 patients definitely envenomated, 11 had a coagulopathy although seven were asymptomatic; four other patients may have been envenomated. the dugite (pseudonaja affinis) was probably responsible for most envenomations. eleven of the 13 envenomated patients received antivenom (six brown snake, four poly ...	2004	2246987
a paper tiger?		2004	2047269
thrombocytopenia after brown snake envenomation.	the marked coagulation disturbances in patients after severe envenomation by brown snakes (genus pseudonaja) were examined with particular emphasis on the sequential platelet counts. the common finding (in almost half the studied patients) of a progressive depletion in platelet numbers leading to thrombocytopenia, which in one case was severe, suggests that thrombocytopenia should be considered as a possible complicating factor in the management of these patients. this trend was not a feature of ...	2004	2593907
popular programs are priceless.	so what do disneyworld, fishing trips, bingo games, bus tours, breakfast, detroit tigers' games, and skating all have in common? they are all events offered to employees and volunteers through st. luke's hospital's workperks program. workperks is an employee-based program that provides opportunities for employees and their families to relax, mingle with co-workers, and have fun.	2004	10168674
taming the paper tiger. recordkeeping and documentation in the dental office.		2004	9084238
toxoplasmosis in a siberian tiger (panthera tigris altaica).		2003	2617817
albino axolotls from an albino tiger salamander through hybridization.		2003	6055330
anesthetic induction of captive tigers (panthera tigris) using a medetomidine-ketamine combination.	six adult female tigers (panthera tigris) were anesthetized repeatedly for elective medical procedures using 3 mg medetomidine and 200 mg ketamine i.m. inductions were rapid and smooth, although supplemental ketamine was needed for safe transport after induction in 6 of 17 procedures. reversal of the medetomidine-induced sedation with 15 mg atipamezole i.m. 59-232 min after induction resulted in smooth, rapid recoveries.	2003	14582797
trimetazidine in geriatric patients with stable angina pectoris: the tiger study.	this study aims to assess the efficacy and tolerance of the metabolic antianginal agent trimetazidine, a 3-kat inhibitor, in 141 stable angina patients aged 65-86 years. efficacy was assessed with exercise tests and clinical evaluation after 12 weeks of treatment. the main outcome was an increase in exercise duration by 52 +/- 92 sec (p < 0.001). other exercise test parameters also improved, with no change in rate-pressure product. angina attacks and short-acting nitrate consumption significantl ...	2003	14712887
endodontic treatment of a tiger.		2003	14705433
was elusive carnivore a panther? dna typing of faeces reveals the mystery.	in this study, we report the findings of a recent case in which the officials of an indian zoo claimed that an animal, possibly a carnivore, is periodically visiting the zoo from a nearby vast forest area and causing panic in zoo and nearby villages. they collected some elusive faecal material from the vicinity of an herbivore enclosure. looking to the pugmarks found in that area and faecal matter ceased, the officials could not decide whether it was a lioness, a tiger or a panther. we resolved ...	2003	14550608
goalpha labels on bipolar cells in the tiger salamander retina.	by using double-label immunocytochemistry and confocal microscopy, we studied rod and cone synaptic contacts, photoreceptor-bipolar cell convergence, and patterns of axon terminal ramification of on bipolar cells in the tiger salamander retina. an antibody to recoverin, a calcium-binding protein found in photoreceptors and other retinal neurons in various vertebrates, differentially labeled rods and cones by lightly staining rod cell bodies, axons, and synaptic pedicles and heavily staining cone ...	2003	12724843
klinefelter syndrome (39 xxy) in an adult siberian tiger (panthera tigris altaica).	fibroblast cultures of a skin biopsy from an adult intact male siberian tiger (panthera tigris altaica) revealed an abnormal standard and g-banded karyotype diploid chromosome number of 2n = 39 xxy due to an extra sex chromosome as opposed to the expected 2n = 38 xy. the tiger was euthanatized 1 yr later due to acute multifocal intervertebral disc disease. histopathology of the reproductive tract demonstrated a paucity of seminiferous tubules and these were devoid of spermatagonia. an increase i ...	2003	12723808
familial pediatric rapidly progressive extrapyramidal syndrome: is it hallervorden-spatz disease?	the clinical features of two children of a family with rapidly progressive extrapyramidal-pyramidal-dementia complex have been described. inheritance seems most likely to be autosomal recessive. magnetic resonance imaging results of brain were negative. even so, the authors argued in favor of a diagnosis of hallervorden-spatz disease because the cases fulfilled the clinical criteria for diagnosis of this disease. apart from the negative magnetic resonance findings, the other unusual feature was ...	2003	14580665
pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration: mr imaging, proton mr spectroscopy, and diffusion mr imaging findings.	we herein report the case of a 15-year-old male patient with pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration. the classic "eye-of-the-tiger" appearance was initially present on the globus pallidi on t2-weighted mr images and had disappeared by the time of the 10-month follow-up examination. fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images revealed marked hypointensity in the globus pallidi and dentate nuclei and high signal intensity changes in the deep cerebral white matter. proton mr spectroscopy r ...	2003	13679293
"curly" wood and tiger tails: an explanation for light and dark banding with polarization in trichothiodystrophy.	the mechanism causing the tiger tail phenomenon in trichothiodystrophy (alternating light and dark banding of hair shafts when examined with polarized light) has yet to be explained with certainty. however, we propose a simple and easily tested hypothesis to explain its striking aspect. although the hair shafts we obtained from patients with trichothiodystrophy were fairly straight, the cortical hair fibers were not. we noticed that these fibers undulate up and down (or back and forth), a featur ...	2003	12975162
eye-of-the-tiger sign.		2003	12974431
the influence of dehydration on the thermal preferences of the western tiger snake, notechis scutatus.	temperature selection in tiger snakes (notechis scutatus) is strongly influenced by hydration state and this response varies between two distinct neighbouring populations on semi-arid carnac island and mainland wetland (herdsman lake). fed and hydrated (control) carnac island snakes selected a preferred body temperature of 26.2+/-1.2 degrees c and an average maximum temperature of 32.5+/-0.5 degrees c in a photo-thermal gradient. dehydrated carnac island snakes selected a significantly lower pre ...	2003	12743727
acute respiratory failure after a tiger mosquito bite: a case report.		2003	12734648
pure akinesia: an unusual phenotype of hallervorden-spatz syndrome.	two siblings were seen in our outpatient movement disorders clinic with an indolent clinical picture of a pure akinesia syndrome. magnetic resonance showed the typical "eye of the tiger" sign, and genetic screening disclosed that both siblings were compound heterozygotes with two missense mutations in the pank2 gene 734a-->g and 1172t-->c. this case report highlights the phenotypic diversity of hallervorden spatz syndrome and the need for further investigation of adult-onset pure akinesia syndro ...	2003	14639680
never trust a tiger.		2003	14584335
evolutionary dynamics of a satellite dna in the tiger beetle species pair cicindela campestris and c. maroccana.	satellite repeat elements are an abundant component of eukaryotic genomes, but not enough is known about their evolutionary dynamics and their involvement in karyotype and species differentiation. we report the nucleotide sequence, chromosomal localization, and evolutionary dynamics of a repetitive dna element of the tiger beetle species pair cicindela maroccana and cicindela campestris. the element was detected after restriction digest of c. maroccana total genomic dna with ecori as a single ba ...	2003	12723037
a high-throughput on-line microdialysis-capillary assay for d-serine.	a high-throughput method is described for the analysis of d-serine and other neurotransmitters in tissue homogenates. analysis is performed by microdialysis-capillary electrophoresis (ce) with laser-induced fluorescence (lif) detection in a sheath flow detection cell. sample pretreatment is not required as microdialysis sampling excludes proteins and cell fragments. primary amines are derivatized on-line with o-phthaldialdehyde (opa) in the presence of beta-mercaptoethanol followed by on-line ce ...	2003	12707916
progressive dystonia in a 12-year-old boy.	pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (pkan) (mim 234200; hallervorden-spatz syndrome) is a degenerative, autosomal recessive disorder in childhood, currently without specific treatment. in contrast to variable clinical features, t2-weighted magnetic resonance images show a characteristic 'eye-of-the-tiger sign' in the globus pallidus due to excess iron deposition. recently a defect in pantothenate kinase, the key regulatory enzyme in the synthesis of coenzyme a from pantothenate, has ...	2003	12697433
surgical extraction of a fractured, non-vital deciduous tooth in a tiger.	a 10-month-old, female/intact tiger (panthra tigris) was presented for a fractured deciduous mandibular right canine tooth, mandibular swelling, and a cutaneous draining tract ventral to the apex of the fractured tooth. the tooth had chronic pulpal exposure and was considered non-vital with periapical osteomyelitis. this case report describes treatment to optimize normal development and eruption of the permanent mandibular right canine tooth.	2003	14974169
local people's attitudes towards conservation and wildlife tourism around sariska tiger reserve, india.	conservationists in the recent years view local peoples' support for protected areas management as an important element of biodiversity conservation. this is often linked to the direct benefits, which local communities get from the protected areas. these benefits could be in the form of biomass resources, park funds diverted to local villages by state agencies and revenue from wildlife tourism. there are a very few studies which have attempted to study the direct relationship between benefits fr ...	2003	14680895
suspected snakebite: one year prospective study of emergency department presentations.	snakebite is an uncommon, but potentially life-threatening condition. the more common clinical scenario is suspected snake-bite. our aim was to characterise the epidemiology, diagnosis and management of patients with suspected snakebites.	2003	12675626
the ims act 1992: need for more amendments and publicity.	the ims act was passed after a lot of thinking, discussions over pros and cons of childhood feeding practices and recommendations of wha. we are not only legally bound by it, but it is also our moral responsibility to see that the act works. already 9-10 years have passed but the results are not that encouraging. most of our colleagues are unaware of the provisions and importance of this act. making the law effective is very time consuming, costly, unaffordable and avoidable affair. we should no ...	2003	12951376
application of species-specific polymerase chain reaction in the forensic identification of tiger species.	globally, tigers are considered to be endangered, and are listed on appendix i of cites. a simple test, using a species-specific primer pair, was developed to identify tiger meat, faeces and dried skin, and provide forensic evidence of illegal wildlife trade. the specific fragment of mitochondrial cytochrome b gene was also successfully amplified from raw dna products extracted from single tiger hairs. this pcr-based approach opens a new avenue to forensic identification of less-than-optimal sam ...	2003	12505474
acute stroke: trial by jury. the toothless tiger (role of the principal investigator).	all trials require a principal investigator to take the lead role and act as main contact amongst the various groups of participants. his role ranges from assistance in protocol design; through selection of investigators, monitoring of study conduct and responding to safety committee recommendations; to involvement in study reporting and in maintaining access to the data set after the conclusion of the trial. this article describes the role of the principal investigator and steering committee in ...	2003	12584423
role of hyperpolarization-activated currents for the intrinsic dynamics of isolated retinal neurons.	the intrinsic dynamics of bipolar cells and rod photoreceptors isolated from tiger salamanders were studied by a patch-clamp technique combined with estimation of effective impulse responses across a range of mean membrane voltages. an increase in external k(+) reduces the gain and speeds the response in bipolar cells near and below resting potential. high external k(+) enhances the inward rectification of membrane potential, an effect mediated by a fast, hyperpolarization-activated, inwardly re ...	2003	12668483
adjunctive platelet glycoprotein iib/iiia receptor inhibition with tirofiban before primary angioplasty improves angiographic outcomes: results of the tirofiban given in the emergency room before primary angioplasty (tiger-pa) pilot trial.	previous work has suggested that platelet glycoprotein iib/iiia receptor blockade may confer benefit in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction. the tiger-pa pilot trial was a single-center randomized study to evaluate the safety, feasibility, and utility of early tirofiban administration before planned primary angioplasty in patients presenting with acute myocardial infarction.	2003	12654606
chinese dragon or toothless tiger? regulating the professional competence of traditional chinese medicine practitioners.	the escalation in popularity of complementary and alternative medicine (cam) has begun to stimulate regulatory responses to ensure the safety and efficacy of different modalities. the therapeutic goods authority in australia oversees a scheme of listing and registration, said to lead the world. established cam courses now confer recognised bachelor degrees. victoria has recently regulated traditional chinese medicine (tcm) practitioners, through the chinese medicine registration act 2000 (vic), ...	2003	12650000
the balbiani body and generation of early asymmetry in the oocyte of a tiger beetle.	the developmental changes within the balbiani body in previtellogenic and early vitellogenic oocytes of a tiger beetle, pseudoxycheila angustata, are described. our study showed that the balbiani body forms in a juxtanuclear position in previtellogenic oocytes. subsequently, it disperses within the ooplasm while multivesicular bodies, a prominent component of the balbiani body in this species, segregate out and are targeted to the posterior pole of the oocyte. we demonstrated that the balbiani b ...	2003	12641568
neurochemical heterogeneity of retinal bipolar cells.	retinal bipolar cells show neurochemical changes in response to retinal insult, which could have profound effects on retinal function or recovery after insult however, the neurochemistry of bipolar cells is incompletely understood. methods the distribution of the amino acid neurotransmitters glutamate, gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba), and glycine, and the metabolic amino acids, aspartate and glutamine, was examined immunocytochemically in the retina of the tiger salamander, a major model for the ...	2003	12877276
[a tiger leap was necessary].		2003	12789796
neural computations in the tiger salamander and mudpuppy outer retinae and an analysis of gaba action from horizontal cells.	a neural network architecture based on the neural anatomy and function of retinal neurons in tiger salamander and mudpuppy retinae is proposed to study basic aspects of early visual information processing. the model predictions for the main response characteristics of retinal neurons are found to be in agreement with neurophysiological data, including the antagonistic role of horizontal cells in the outer plexiform layer. the examination of possible gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba) action from hor ...	2003	12789493
psychoanalysis across civilizations: a personal journey.	this journey started in 1950 at antioch college when i wrote a required life aims paper to make a comparative study of east and west in philosophy, religion, art, literature, and the social sciences. in 1977 i went to india on a grant for clinical psychoanalytic research to assess the psychological effects of westernization on indians, to ascertain differences in configurations of the self from american patients, and to reexamine psychoanalysis. realizing i had a tiger by the tail, i had to do j ...	2003	12866692
endogenous adenosine reduces glutamatergic output from rods through activation of a2-like adenosine receptors.	adenosine is released from retina in darkness; photoreceptors possess a2 adenosine receptors, and a2 agonists inhibit l-type ca2+ currents (ica) in rods. we therefore investigated whether a2 agonists inhibit rod inputs into second-order neurons and whether selective antagonists to a1, a2a, or a3 receptors prevent ca2+ influx through rod ica. [ca2+]i changes in rods were assessed with fura-2. ica in rods and light responses of rods and second-order neurons were recorded using perforated patch-cla ...	2003	12843308
differential synaptic organization of gabaergic bipolar cells and non-gabaergic (glutamatergic) bipolar cells in the tiger salamander retina.	the synaptic organizations of gamma-aminobutyric acid-immunoreactive (gaba-ir, gabaergic) and non-gaba-ir (non-ir, glutamatergic) bipolar cells in salamander retina were compared by postembedding immunoelectron microscopy. a total of 238 presynaptic bipolar cell synapses were studied; 61 were gaba-ir and 177 were non-ir. both groups were similar in that (1). they made asymmetrical ribbon synapses as well as asymmetrical non-ribbon synapses; (2). they made ribbon synapses at dyads, triads, and mo ...	2003	12454984
calibrating phylogenetic species formation in a threatened insect using dna from historical specimens.	museum specimens from the late 19th and early 20th centuries were surveyed for the single nucleotide polymorphism identified previously and used to diagnose populations of the federally threatened northeastern beach tiger beetle cicindela d. dorsalis (coleoptera: carabidae). widespread polymorphism was revealed throughout the historical range of this species, suggesting a relatively recent anthropogenic character fixation event associated with the extinction and fragmentation of populations. imp ...	2003	12803647
why do species exist? insights from sexuals and asexuals.	why does life diversify into the more or less discrete entities we recognise as species? two main explanations have been proposed: i) species are a consequence of adaptation to different ecological niches, ii) species are a consequence of sexual reproduction and reproductive isolation. phylogenetic studies of case-study groups can provide insights into the relative importance of divergent selection and isolation for speciation, but it can be difficult to infer causes of speciation unambiguously. ...	2003	16351913
enumeration of coliforms and escherichia coli in frozen black tiger shrimp penaeus monodon by conventional and rapid methods.	conventional (most probable number, mpn) and rapid methods-including chromocult coliform agar (cca), fluorocult(r) lmx broth (lmx), and petrifilm escherichia coli count plates (pec) for enumeration of coliforms and e. coli in frozen black tiger shrimp from thailand were compared in order to assess the possibility of using one of the rapid methods for routine analysis. enumeration of coliforms and e. coli from 18 samples of regular frozen black tiger shrimp and 156 samples of frozen black tiger s ...	2003	12457585
serum concentrations of lipids, vitamin d metabolites, retinol, retinyl esters, tocopherols and selected carotenoids in twelve captive wild felid species at four zoos.	serum concentrations of several nutrients were measured in 12 captive wild felid species including caracal (felis caracal), cheetah (acinonyx jubatus), cougar (felis concolor), fishing cat (felis viverrinus), leopard (panthera pardus), lion (panthera leo), ocelot (felis pardalis), pallas cat (felis manul), sand cat (felis margarita), serval (felis serval), snow leopard (panthera uncia) and tiger (panthera tigris). diet information was collected for these animals from each participating zoo (broo ...	2003	12514284
[unknown hepatoid glands of some species of cats and deer].	our histological description of the fourth type of mammalian skin glands--hepatiod glands--allowed us to revise the obtained and published data mistaking the alveolar glands of the anal sacs in cats and the limb glands in deers as sebaceous. large clusters of hepatiod glands were discovered in the anal sacs of the cat, lynx, and tiger, interdigital gland of elk, and the tarsal gland of reindeer. these glands secrete considerable amounts of protein to the clearance of the intercellular canaliculi ...	2003	12942753
mucus ph of the tiger puffer takifugu rubripes is an important factor for host identification by the monogenean heterobothrium okamotoi.	we examined a host-finding factor of the monogenean heterobothrium okamotoi oncomiracidia to develop an alternative prophylaxis. h. okamotoi oncomiracidia attached preferentially to gill filaments and skin mucus from the tiger puffer takifugu rubripes compared with corresponding material from other tested fishes (amber jack seriola dumerili, red sea bream pagrus major, japanese flounder paralichthys olivaceus and spotted halibut verasper variegatus). the body mucus ph of the tiger puffer was 6.4 ...	2003	12964825
rickettsia honei: a spotted fever group rickettsia on three continents.	rickettsia honei (also known as strain tt-118) has been detected on three continents. originally isolated in thailand in 1962 (and confirmed in 2001), it has also been detected on flinders island (australia) in 1993 and in texas (usa) in 1998. on each continent it has been associated with a different species of tick. the original isolate (thai tick typhus strain tt-118) was from a pool of larval ixodes and rhipicephalus ticks. later it was detected in i. granulatus from rattus rattus. its pathog ...	2003	12860601
a retrospective study of daylily toxicosis in cats.	the easter, japanese, stargazer and tiger lilies (lilium sp) are nephrotoxic to cats. this study examined risks posed to cats by the common daylily (hemerocallis sp: h. dumortierei, h. fulvi, h. graminea, h. seiboldii) following ingestion. records describing ingestion of hemerocallis sp between january 1998 and june 2002 were reviewed for signalment, quantity ingested, clinical signs (onset, severity, duration), treatments administered, and outcome. twenty-two cases of confirmed exposure resulti ...	2003	12583697
conservation of biodiversity of the coastal resources of sundarbans, northeast india: an integrated approach through environmental education.	the indian sundarbans, a diversified coastal wetland on the southern fringe of the state of west bengal, harbors a luxuriant biodiversity and acts as a potential refuge of living marine resources. girdled with thick mangrove foliage, this estuarine delta system offers an excellent nursery ground for most of the brackishwater finfish and shellfish. since supply of hatchery-produced tiger prawn seed (penaeus monodon) is highly inadequate in west bengal, the aquaculture farms of this region largely ...	2003	12787629
pulmonary tuberculosis due to mycobacterium bovis subsp. caprae in captive siberian tiger.	we report the first case of pulmonary tuberculosis caused by mycobacterium bovis subsp. caprae in a captive siberian tiger, an endangered feline. the pathogen was isolated from a tracheal aspirate obtained by bronchoscopy. this procedure provided a reliable in vivo diagnostic method in conjunction with conventional and molecular tests for the detection of mycobacteria.	2003	14718093
microbial quality of shrimp products of export trade produced from aquacultured shrimp.	bacteriological quality of individually quick frozen (iqf) shrimp products produced from aquacultured tiger shrimp (penaeus monodon) has been analysed in terms of aerobic plate count (apc), coliforms, escherichia coli, coagulase-positive staphylococci, salmonella, and listeria monocytogenes. eight hundred forty-six samples of raw, peeled, and deveined tail-on (rpto), 928 samples of cooked, peeled, and deveined tail-on (cpto), 295 samples of headless, undeveined shell-on (hlso), and 141 samples o ...	2003	12593924
use of animal products in traditional chinese medicine: environmental impact and health hazards.	traditional chinese medicine (tcm) has been increasingly practised in many countries of the world. some recent textbooks of tcm still recommend formulas containing various animal tissues such as tiger bones, antelope, buffalo or rhino horns, deer antlers, testicles and os penis of the dog, bear or snake bile. usually, animal tissues are combined with medical herbs. in most of the cases, the medical use of the preparations is justified in terms of the rules of tcm. so far, little research has bee ...	2003	12801499
adult hallervorden-spatz syndrome simulating amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.	hallervorden-spatz syndrome (hss) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive dementia, dystonia, ataxia, and rigidity. an atypical form of adult-onset hss was observed in a 36-year-old man presenting with progressive dysarthria. markedly dysarthric speech and a weak atrophic tongue associated with a neurogenic pattern of motor unit recruitment in bulbar-supplied muscles on electromyography led to an initial impression of bulbar amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (als). lack of expec ...	2003	12811783
comparison of the in vitro neuromuscular activity of venom from three australian snakes (hoplocephalus stephensi, austrelaps superbus and notechis scutatus): efficacy of tiger snake antivenom.	1. tiger snake antivenom, raised against notechis scutatus venom, is indicated not only for the treatment of envenomation by this snake, but also that of the copperhead (austrelaps superbus) and stephen's banded snake (hoplocephalus stephensi). the present study compared the neuromuscular pharmacology of venom from these snakes and the in vitro efficacy of tiger snake antivenom. 2. in chick biventer cervicis muscle and mouse phrenic nerve diaphragm preparations, all venoms (3-10 microg/ml) produ ...	2003	12603339
aflatoxin contamination in shrimp feed and effects of aflatoxin addition to feed on shrimp production.	one hundred fifty samples of shrimp feed were collected from the eastern and southern regions of thailand, and aflatoxins b1, b2, g1, and g2 (afb1, afb2, afg1, and afg2) in them were analyzed. afb1 contamination ranged from a nondetectable level (< 0.003 ppb) to 0.651 ppb. metabolites of afb1 were less abundant than afb1. to study the effects of aflatoxin in feed on shrimp production, black tiger shrimp were divided into four groups of 30 shrimp per group, tested in triplicate, and fed diets con ...	2003	12747701
identification of haemobartonella felis (mycoplasma haemofelis) in captive nondomestic cats.	this study was undertaken to determine whether haemobartonella felis (mycoplasma haemofelis), the causative bacterial agent of feline infectious anemia, infects nondomestic cats. routine complete blood count and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) were performed to detect the gene for 16s ribosomal rna for the organism. sixty-four blood samples were collected from 54 nondomestic cats, including tigers (panthera tigris), cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus), lions (p. leo), mountain lions (felis concolor), sn ...	2003	12885130
enhanced growth and resistance to vibrio challenge in pond-reared black tiger shrimp penaeus monodon fed a bacillus probiotic.	the bacterial probiont bacillus s11 (bs11) was used as a supplement in feed (pf) for black tiger shrimp penaeus monodon in 2 earthen pond field-trials carried out for 100 d during 2 different seasons in thailand. growth and survival were compared with those of shrimp receiving an unsupplemented feed (uf). in the hot and cool seasons, respectively, shrimp fed pf grew significantly larger and had significantly higher survival than shrimp fed uf (p < 0.05). projected yields on an annual basis (two ...	2003	12911065
evidence for multiple pleistocene refugia in the postglacial expansion of the eastern tiger salamander, ambystoma tigrinum tigrinum.	pleistocene glaciations were important determinants of historical migration and, hence, current levels of genetic diversity within and among populations. in many cases, these historical migrations led to the existence of disjunct populations of plants and animals. however, the origin and timing of arrival of these disjunct populations is often debated. in the current study, we identify potential refugia and estimate the timing of vicariance events of the eastern tiger salamander, ambystoma tigri ...	2003	12683533
impact of overexploitation of shellfish: northeastern coast of india.	india has a very extensive coastline of about 7515 km, rich in diverse living resources. these resources continue to deteriorate with rampant harvesting or are altered for other uses such as aquaculture and fisheries. the present paper deals with degrading coastal habitats in northeastern india, and projects the intensity of the stress arising from the collection of tiger prawn seeds (penaeus monodon) for aquacultural farms and molluskan shells for poultry feed and edible lime. indiscriminate ex ...	2003	12691495
blastomycosis in nondomestic felids.	blastomycosis was diagnosed in six nondomestic felids from eastern tennessee, including two asian lions (panthera leo persicus), one african lion (panthera leo), one siberian tiger (panthera tigris), one cheetah (acinonyx jubatus), and one snow leopard (panthera uncia). clinical signs included lethargy, anorexia, weight loss, dyspnea, sneezing. ataxia, and paresis. variable nonspecific changes included leukocytosis, monocytosis, moderate left shift of neutrophils, moderate hypercalcemia, hyperpr ...	2003	14582783
control of pathogenic vibrio spp. by bacillus subtilis bt23, a possible probiotic treatment for black tiger shrimp penaeus monodon.	the present study evaluated the in vitro and in vivo antagonistic effect of bacillus against the pathogenic vibrios.	2003	12535126
preparation of spent brewer's yeast beta-glucans with a potential application as an immunostimulant for black tiger shrimp, penaeus monodon.	spent brewer's yeast was autolysed and the insoluble yeast cell wall fraction obtained was used as a raw material for the preparation of brewer's yeast beta-glucan (byg). a simple alkaline extraction was applied and optimized. the byg with significantly (p</=0.05) high carbohydrate and glucan contents of 92% and 51% (w/w), respectively and with a low protein content of 1.6% (w/w) was obtained by a single alkaline extraction using 5 volumes of 1.0 n naoh at 90 degrees c for 1 h. in vitro, this gl ...	2003	12573564
induction of peroxide and superoxide protective enzymes and physiological cross-protection against peroxide killing by a superoxide generator in vibrio harveyi.	vibrio harveyi is a causative agent of destructive luminous vibriosis in farmed black tiger prawn (penaeus monodon). v. harveyi peroxide and superoxide stress responses toward elevated levels of a superoxide generated by menadione were investigated. exposure of v. harveyi to sub-lethal concentrations of menadione induced high expression of genes in both the oxyr regulon (e.g., a monofunctional catalase or kata and an alkyl hydroperoxide reductase subunit c or ahpc), and the soxrs regulon (e.g., ...	2003	12694915
cannabinoid receptor activation differentially modulates ion channels in photoreceptors of the tiger salamander.	cannabinoid cb1 receptors have been detected in retinas of numerous species, with prominent labeling in photoreceptor terminals of the chick and monkey. cb1 labeling is well-conserved across species, suggesting that cb1 receptors might also be present in photoreceptors of the tiger salamander. synaptic transmission in vertebrate photoreceptors is mediated by l-type calcium currents-currents that are modulated by cb1 receptors in bipolar cells of the tiger salamander. presence of cb1 receptors in ...	2003	12740409
a novel xenopus sws2, p434 visual pigment: structure, cellular location, and spectral analyses.	the purpose of this study was to clone and characterize the green rod pigment in xenopus laevis.	2003	12764253
agrobacterium-mediated transformation of herbicide resistance in creeping bentgrass and colonial bentgrass.	embryogenic calli were induced from the seeds of creeping bentgrass (agrostis palustris huds.) cv. regent and colonial bentgrass (agrostis tenuis sibth. fl. oxen.) cv. tiger. the embryogenic calli were precultured on fresh medium for 4-7 days and then co-cultivated with agrobacterium tumefaciens, lba4404, which contains plasmid vector-psbgm harboring bar coding region, synthetic green fluorescent protein (sgfp) coding region and matrix attachment region (mar). after 3 days of co-cultivation, the ...	2003	12765291
efficacy of porcine gonadotropins for repeated stimulation of ovarian activity for oocyte retrieval and in vitro embryo production and cryopreservation in siberian tigers (panthera tigris altaica).	a comparison of the amino acid sequences demonstrated that siberian tiger gonadotropins are more homologous with those of porcine than any other commercially available preparation. the present study measured the efficacy of repeated ovarian stimulation with purified porcine gonadotropins on the follicular, hormonal, and immunogenic responses in siberian tigers as well as on the ability of oocytes retrieved by laparoscopic follicular aspiration to fertilize and cleave in vitro. controlled rate an ...	2003	12493701
exotic snake bite: a challenge for the scandinavian anesthesiologist?	venomous snake bites are uncommon in the scandinavian countries. envenomation from exotic snakes do however occur, mostly amongst snake handlers. this case report documents the effects and treatment for envenomation from hoplocephalus bungaroides, or the broad-headed snake, native to eastern and southern australia. snakes of the genus hoplocephalus have previously been described as of 'lesser medical importance' because of their rarity.	2003	12631054
time-course and levels of apoptosis in various tissues of black tiger shrimp penaeus monodon infected with white-spot syndrome virus.	this study focused on apoptosis in various tissues of the black tiger shrimp penaeus monodon following white spot syndrome virus (wssv) injection. the study included: (1) light microscopy (lm) and transmission electron microscopy (tem) of various tissues; (2) fluorescent lm of nuclear dna by staining with 4, 6-diamidine-2-phenyl indole dihydrochloride (dapi) and tdt-mediated dutp nick-end labelling (tunel) techniques; and (3) determination of caspase-3 activity. juvenile p. monodon were injected ...	2003	12887248
australian tiger snake (notechis scutatus) and mexican coral snake (micruris species) antivenoms prevent death from united states coral snake (micrurus fulvius fulvius) venom in a mouse model.	wyeth-ayerst has discontinued production of antivenin (micrurus fulvius). currently, there is no other approved coral snake antivenom available in the united states.	2003	12645961