Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| sarcocystis neurona infections in raccoons (procyon lotor): evidence for natural infection with sarcocysts, transmission of infection to opossums (didelphis virginiana), and experimental induction of neurologic disease in raccoons. | equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (epm) is a serious neurologic disease of horses in the americas and sarcocystis neurona is the most common etiologic agent. the distribution of s. neurona infections follows the geographical distributions of its definitive hosts, opossums (didelphis virginiana, didelphis albiventris). recently, cats and skunks were reported as experimental and armadillos as natural intermediate hosts of s. neurona. in the present report, raccoons (procyon lotor) were identified ... | 2001 | 11698157 |
| sylvatic trichinellosis in texas. | there are no published reports of domestic or sylvatic trichinellosis in texas. the aim of the present survey was to determine the presence of trichinella species in selected representative species of potential wildlife reservoirs in southern texas. in 1998-99, tongues of 211 wild mammals were collected in southern texas: 154 coyotes (canis latrans), three bobcats (lynx rufus), 32 racoons (procyon lotor), 13 opossum (didelphis marsupialis), four ocelots (leopardus pardalis) and five wild boars ( ... | 2001 | 11484391 |
| rabies surveillance in the united states during 2000. | during 2000, 49 states, the district of columbia, and puerto rico reported 7,364 cases of rabies in nonhuman animals and 5 cases in human beings to the centers for disease control and prevention, an increase of 4.3% from 7,067 cases in nonhuman animals reported in 1999. ninety-three percent (6,855 cases) were in wild animals, whereas 6.9% (509 cases) were in domestic species (compared wth 91.5% in wild animals and 8.5% in domestic species in 1999). compared with cases reported in 1999, the numbe ... | 2001 | 11767918 |
| on developing bioindicators for human and ecological health. | risk assessors and risk managers generally either examine ecological health (using bioindicators) or human health (using biomarkers of exposure or effect). in this paper we suggest that it is possible and advantageous to develop bioindicators that can be used to assess exposure and effect for both human and non-human receptors. we describe the characteristics of suitable bioindicators for both human and ecological health, using mourning doves (zenaida macroura), raccoons (procyon lotor), and blu ... | 2001 | 11214446 |
| properties of a new cdv isolate from a raccoon dog (nyctereutes procyonoides viverrinus) in japan. | 2001 | 11271918 | |
| effects of seasonality and fasting on the plasma leptin and thyroxin levels of the raccoon dog (nyctereutes procyonoides) and the blue fox (alopex lagopus). | plasma leptin and thyroxin concentrations of eleven raccoon dogs and eleven blue foxes were monitored for 6 months. half of the animals were placed on a 3-week fast in november. leptin levels were low in summer, but in october they rose significantly. in november, leptin concentrations decreased rapidly within a week although the body mass of the animals remained stable. there were no significant differences between experimental groups for raccoon dogs, but in blue foxes the fasting group had lo ... | 2001 | 11169498 |
| bovine tuberculosis in free-ranging carnivores from michigan. | during a survey of carnivores and omnivores for bovine tuberculosis conducted in michigan (usa) since 1996, mycobacterium bovis was cultured from lymph nodes pooled from six coyotes (canis latrans) (four adult female, two adult male), two adult male raccoons (procyon lotor), one adult male red fox (vulpes vulpes), and one 1.5-yr-old male black bear (ursus americanus). one adult, male bobcat (felis rufus) with histologic lesions suggestive of tuberculosis was negative on culture but positive for ... | 2001 | 11272505 |
| first report of trichinella nativa in red foxes (vulpes vulpes schrencki) from otaru city, hokkaido, japan. | forty-three red foxes (vulpes vulpes schrencki) and nine raccoon dogs (nyctereutes procyonoides viverrinus) were captured in otaru city, hokkaido, japan and examined by muscle digestion for the presence of trichinella sp. larvae. of the foxes, five (11.6%) were positive for larvae of trichinella nativa while none of the raccoon dogs were found to be positive. this finding suggests that the red foxes are important reservoir hosts of sylvatic trichinellosis in otaru, hokkaido. this is the first re ... | 2001 | 11438434 |
| comparison of tissue stages of hepatozoon americanum in the dog using immunohistochemical and routine histologic methods. | american canine hepatozoonosis is caused by hepatozoon americanum, a recently described species of apicomplexan protozoan parasite. an immunohistochemical procedure using a polyclonal antibody to sporozoites of h. americanum clearly identified asexual stages of h. americanum in canine striated muscle. the method also detects hepatozoa present in naturally infected coyotes and raccoons and reacts with certain other apicomplexans. use of this immunohistochemical procedure confirms the canine inter ... | 2001 | 11467476 |
| macracanthorhynchus ingens infection in a dog. | a 4-month-old sexually intact female siberian husky was examined because of diarrhea and 4 flesh-colored annulated helminths that were recovered from the dog's feces. infection with macracanthorhynchus ingens was diagnosed on the basis of morphologic features of the adult parasites and ova. spindle-shaped eggs (mean length, 91 microm; mean width; 54 microm) were obtained from the body cavity of a gravid female specimen. the dog was treated empirically with epsiprantel (5.5 mg/kg [2.5 mg/lb] of b ... | 2001 | 11469574 |
| evaluation of two pcr-based techniques for molecular epidemiology in finland, a high-endemic area with four sympatric trichinella species. | trichinella larvae collected from wildlife, domestic and synanthropic animals in finland were identified to species by two molecular techniques: random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and the recently described multiplex pcr. the rapd-pcr was very sensitive to the sub-optimal preservation muscle larvae and resulting in weak and smeared bands on the gels for such material. however, the same samples yielded easily recognizable bands in the multiplex pcr; this latte ... | 2001 | 11484379 |
| epidemiological studies on animal and human trichinellosis in estonia. | from 1992 to 1999, muscle samples from 814 sylvatic animals and 1,173 domestic and synanthropic animals were collected in 15 districts of estonia; the prevalence of trichinellosis ranged from 1.0% to 79.4% for sylvatic animals and from 0.6% to 24.5% for domestic or synanthropic animals and for animals from fur-bearing farms. the most important reservoirs of trichinella in nature were the raccoon dog, the red fox, the lynx and the wolf. three species of trichinella (t. spiralis, t. nativa, and t. ... | 2001 | 11484393 |
| epizootic situation and risk of rabies exposure in polish population in 2000, with special attention to lublin province. | in poland in 2000 a total of 2,221 cases of animal rabies were reported, including 1,874 (84.4%) of wild animals. the evaluation of epizootic situation in 2000 has shown a few cases of animal rabies in western provinces of poland, so in regions where a programme aimed at oral vaccination of foxes was introduced. most cases of animal rabies were identified in the northeastern region, as well as in eastern and central poland. in october 2000 in warminsko-mazurskie province (northeastern region of ... | 2001 | 11748869 |
| naturally occurring spirochetes in the colonic mucosa of raccoons (procyon lotor). | the large intestines of 21 raccoons (procyon lotor; 11 wild caught, 10 laboratory confined) were examined for the presence of intestinal spirochetes. light microscopy of sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin and warthin-starry stain showed the presence of spiral shaped organisms deep within the lumina of intestinal glands at the ileocolonic junction of 16 raccoons (76% prevalence). all laboratory-confined, group-housed raccoons harbored the organisms, but only 6/11 (55% prevalence) live-tr ... | 2001 | 11280383 |
| hunting practices increase the prevalence of trichinella infection in wolves from european russia. | from 1998 to 2000, 184 animals (82 wolves, 29 red foxes, 55 mustelids, 5 raccoon dogs, and 13 domestic dogs), mainly shot by hunters in the tvier and smoliensk regions of northwest european russia, were tested for trichinella larvae; 98 animals (53.3%) were found to be positive. the highest prevalence was detected in wolf (97.5%). trichinella nativa was the most common species detected (98%). the diet of wolves was investigated by examining the stomach contents of 62 animals (75.6% of the total ... | 2001 | 11780851 |
| mange caused by sarcoptes scabiei (acari: sarcoptidae) in wild raccoon dogs, nyctereutes procyonoides, in kanagawa prefecture, japan. | parasitological and histopathological examinations were performed in 25 raccoon dogs (nyctereutes procyonoides) obtained in kanagawa prefecture, japan, all of which were found to be heavily infected with sarcoptes scabiei. the mites detected on these raccoon dogs were morphologically indistinguishable from the human species, and no demodex mites were detected. histopathological examinations showed prominent hyperkeratosis and acanthosis with eczema, and numerous burrows containing mites were obs ... | 2001 | 11346184 |
| effects of seasonality and fasting on the body mass and plasma growth hormone concentrations of the raccoon dog (nyctereutes procyonoides) and the blue fox (alopex lagopus). | growth hormone (gh) promotes growth and endochondral ossification, but it is also important in the response to fasting due to its effects of increasing gluconeogenesis and lipolysis. in this study eleven raccoon dogs and blue foxes were followed for six months and their body mass and gh levels were measured. in november half of the animals of both species were put to a three-week fast. there were no significant differences in the gh levels between the animals of different ages and the subadults ... | 2001 | 11421462 |
| human identification from forensic materials by amplification of a human-specific sequence in the myoglobin gene. | we developed a method for human identification of forensic biological materials by pcr-based detection of a human-specific sequence in exon 3 of the myoglobin gene. this human-specific dna sequence was deduced from differences in the amino acid sequences of myoglobins between humans and other animal species. the new method enabled amplification of the target dna fragment from 30 samples of human dna, and the amplified sequences were identical with that already reported. using this method, we wer ... | 2001 | 11434430 |
| phylogenetic implications of the 38 putative ancestral chromosome segments for four canid species. | chromosome homologies between the japanese raccoon dog (nectereutes procyonoides viverrinus, 2n = 39 + 2-4 b chromosomes) and domestic dog (canis familiaris, 2n = 78) have been established by hybridizing a complete set of canine paint probes onto high-resolution g-banded chromosomes of the raccoon dog. dog chromosomes 1, 13, and 19 each correspond to two raccoon dog chromosome segments, while the remaining 35 dog autosomes each correspond to a single segment. in total, 38 dog autosome paints rev ... | 2001 | 11435696 |
| can rhesus monkeys spontaneously subtract? | animals, including pigeons, parrots, raccoons, ferrets, rats, new and old world monkeys, and apes are capable of numerical computations. much of the evidence for such capacities is based on the use of techniques that require training. recently, however, several studies conducted under both laboratory and field conditions have employed methods that tap spontaneous numerical representations in animals, including human infants. in this paper, we present the results of 11 experiments exploring the c ... | 2001 | 11165213 |
| a review of sarcocystis neurona and equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (epm). | equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (epm) is a serious neurological disease of horses in the americas. the protozoan most commonly associated with epm is sarcocystis neurona. the complete life cycle of s. neurona is unknown, including its natural intermediate host that harbors its sarcocyst. opossums (didelphis virginiana, didelphis albiventris) are its definitive hosts. horses are considered its aberrant hosts because only schizonts and merozoites (no sarcocysts) are found in horses. epm-like di ... | 2001 | 11223193 |
| spotted fever group rickettsia in dermacentor variabilis (acari: ixodidae) infesting raccoons (carnivora: procyonidae) and opossums (marsupialia: didelphimorphidae) in tennessee. | spotted fever group rickettsia were present in 13 of 1,171 (1.1%) of adult dermacentor variabilis say removed from raccoons (procyon lotor l.) and virginia opossums (didelphis virginiana kerr) in western tennessee. spotted fever group rickettsia were detected by amplification of a 617-bp segment of the citrate synthase gene by polymerase chain reaction. | 2001 | 11476343 |
| myocarditis and encephalitis associated with sarcocystis neurona infection in raccoons (procyon lotor). | sarcocystis neurona associated granulomatous encephalitis was found in 2 of 84 adult raccoons. both raccoons also had an extensive nonsuppurative myocarditis and one had s. neurona schizonts and merozoites in the myocardium. only the asexual stages (schizonts and merozoites) of s. neurona are found in tissues of naturally infected animals (horse, mink, raccoons, cats, skunk, pony, seals, sea otters) and since these have not been reported outside the central nervous system, the presence of concur ... | 2001 | 11223214 |
| cryptosporidium parvum infection involving novel genotypes in wildlife from lower new york state. | cryptosporidium, an enteric parasite of humans and a wide range of other mammals, presents numerous challenges to the supply of safe drinking water. we performed a wildlife survey, focusing on white-tailed deer and small mammals, to assess whether they may serve as environmental sources of cryptosporidium. a pcr-based approach that permitted genetic characterization via sequence analysis was applied to wildlife fecal samples (n = 111) collected from september 1996 to july 1998 from three areas i ... | 2001 | 11229905 |
| distemper vaccination of farmed fur animals in finland. | the most important farmed fur animal species in finland are the american mink (mustela vison), blue fox (alopex lagopus), silver fox (vulpes vulpes) and raccoon dog (nyctereutes procyonoides); all are susceptible to canine distemper. the only distemper vaccines currently available are for mink, although they also have been used for fox and raccoon dogs in emergency situations. the efficacy in eliciting neutralizing antibodies and the safety of three mink-distemper vaccines were studied under fie ... | 2001 | 11267694 |
| elimination of rabies from red foxes in eastern ontario. | the province of ontario (canada) reported more laboratory confirmed rabid animals than any other state or province in canada or the usa from 1958-91, with the exception of 1960-62. more than 95% of those cases occurred in the southern 10% of ontario (approximately 100,000 km2), the region with the highest human population density and greatest agricultural activity. rabies posed an expensive threat to human health and significant costs to the agricultural economy. the rabies variant originated in ... | 2001 | 11272485 |
| the prevalence of interstitial nephritis and leptospirosis in 283 raccoons (procyon lotor) from 5 different sites in the united states. | a retrospective histopathological study was carried out on tissues of 283 raccoons from 5 different geographical locations for presence of interstitial nephritis and renal leptospirosis. results of this study indicate that although interstitial nephritis was common in raccoons from all locations, the presence of renal leptospiral spirochetes was not. | 2001 | 11708206 |
| emergency response to raccoon rabies introduction into ontario. | during 15 july to 4 october, 1999, rabies control programs were implemented with the objective being to contain the first three confirmed cases of raccoon rabies in canada. the strategy, called point infection control (pic) involved the use of three tactics: population reduction (pr), trap-vaccinate-release (tvr) and oral rabies vaccination with baits (orv), to control the spread of raccoon rabies. a total of 1,202 raccoons (procyon lotor) and 337 skunks (mephitis mephitis) were captured and eut ... | 2001 | 11310877 |
| prevalence of agglutinating antibodies to neospora caninum in raccoons, procyon lotor. | neospora caninum is an apicomplexan parasite that causes neonatal neuromuscular disease in dogs and abortions in cattle. dogs are the only proven definitive host. little is known about the prevalence of antibodies to this parasite in wildlife. sera from 99 raccoons (procyon lotor) were examined for agglutinating antibodies to n. caninum using the modified agglutination test employing formalin-fixed tachyzoites as antigen. raccoons originated in florida (n = 24, collected in 1996), new jersey (n ... | 2001 | 11695399 |
| trichinella infection in wildlife of the southwestern united states. | several potential mammalian reservoirs of sylvatic species of trichinella were examined from texas, new mexico, and arizona. during 1998-99, tongues were collected from a black bear (ursus americanus) in arizona; from 9 black bears, a coyote (canis latrans), and a mountain lion (felis concolor) in new mexico; and from 154 coyotes, 32 raccoons (procyon lotor), 13 opossums (didelphis marsupialis), 4 ocelots (leopardus pardalis), 3 bobcats (lynx rufus), and 5 feral hogs (sus scrofa) in southern tex ... | 2001 | 11695403 |
| "raccoon eyes" revisited: diagnostic imaging of neuroblastoma with in-111 pentetreotide. | 2001 | 11711717 | |
| postsynaptic dorsal column and cuneate neurons in raccoon: comparison of response properties and cross-correlation analysis. | the responses of 111 postsynaptic dorsal column (psdc) neurons in the cervical spinal cord and 51 cuneate neurons with receptive fields on the glabrous skin of the forepaw were studied in anesthetized raccoons using extracellular recording techniques. the psdc neurons had larger receptive fields than the cuneate neurons, but in both groups the fields never extended onto hairy skin. psdc and cuneate neurons had approximately the same mean latency to electrical stimulation of the receptive field, ... | 2001 | 11578606 |
| raccoon rabies secures 2 bridgeheads in canada. | 2001 | 11517652 | |
| [raccoon (procyon lotor) rabies outbreak in new york state]. | 2001 | 11496774 | |
| acceptance of baits for delivery of oral rabies vaccine to raccoons. | during 1993-96 the ontario ministry of natural resources (canada) implemented a research project to evaluate the efficacy of three candidate baits to deliver oral rabies vaccine to wild raccoons (procyon lotor). extensive field testing revealed that raccoon acceptance of sugar-vanilla baits (sv) at densities of 200/km2 and 400/km2, hand-placed in urban habitats of scarborough (ontario) during 1993, was 74% and 82%, respectively. raccoon density in those areas averaged 11/km2. aerial placement of ... | 2001 | 11763736 |
| facial features of widespread neuroblastoma: a case report. | a case report of stage iv neuroblastoma which presented with periorbital swelling and ecchymosis originally misdiagnosed as facial trauma. the child soon developed a sinister pancytopenia, which following extensive investigations was revealed to be due to an underlying neuroblastoma. periorbital ecchymosis associated with neuroblastoma is termed 'raccoon eyes' and is a diagnostic trap for the unwary. | 2001 | 11484472 |
| role of inhibition in cortical reorganization of the adult raccoon revealed by microiontophoretic blockade of gaba(a) receptors. | cortical reorganization was induced by amputation of the 4th digit in 11 adult raccoons. animals were studied at various intervals, ranging from 2 to 37 wk, after amputation. recordings were made from a total of 129 neurons in the deafferented cortical region using multibarrel micropipettes. several types of receptive fields were described in reorganized cortex: restricted fields were similar in size to the normal receptive fields in nonamputated animals; multi-regional fields included sensitive ... | 2001 | 11431491 |
| expansion of receptive fields in raccoon somatosensory cortex in vivo by gaba(a) receptor antagonism: implications for cortical reorganization. | the effect of antagonism of gaba(a) receptors on the receptive fields of raccoon primary somatosensory cortical neurons was tested using microiontophoretic administration of bicuculline methiodide (bmi). the size of cutaneous receptive fields was examined using minimal suprathreshold mechanical stimulation before, during, and after bmi administration. in 65 of 102 rapidly adapting neurons, bmi produced a clear expansion of the receptive field. the mean increase in receptive-field size was 286%. ... | 2001 | 11291725 |
| time course and effective spread of lidocaine and tetrodotoxin delivered via microdialysis: an electrophysiological study in cerebral cortex. | microdialysis is a useful tool for administering drugs into localized regions of brain tissue, but the diffusion of drugs from the probe has not been systematically examined. lidocaine (10%) and tetrodotoxin (ttx, 10 microm), drugs typically used in neural inactivation studies, were infused through a microdialysis probe into raccoon somatosensory cortex while evoked responses were recorded at four electrodes equally spaced 0.5--2.0 mm from the probe. the decreases in evoked response amplitude as ... | 2001 | 11275270 |
| prevalence of psammoma bodies in meninges and choroid plexuses of raccoons (procyon lotor) from parramore island, virginia. | microscopic evidence of multifocal mineralizations (psammoma bodies) were seen in brains of 33/53 (62%) raccoons (procyon lotor) necropsied on parramore island, virginia. most mineralized foci had concentric laminations and were present in small capillaries of meninges of the brain (15/33), in choroid plexus (3/33), or at both these sites (13/33). in 2 raccoons, the lesions were confined to the meninges of the proximal cervical spinal cord. in most cases, the affected vessels appeared to have be ... | 2001 | 11243369 |
| 'raccoon eyes' (periorbital haematoma) as a sign of skull base fracture. | this is a study of the relationship between skull base fracture and the raccoon eyes sign in a prospective study in cadavers. fifty cadavers were analysed with cranio encephalic trauma and skull base fracture or the raccoon eyes sign. both conditions were present in 24 (48.0%) cases. the association was significantly higher in cases with a frontal basal fracture and epidural haematoma. the raccoon eyes sign is easily recognised and can be associated with basal fractures. | 2001 | 11754879 |
| contact rates of raccoons (procyon lotor) at a communal feeding site in rural eastern ontario. | intra- and interspecific contact rates of 12 adult (five females, seven males) raccoons (procyon lotor) were recorded while these animals fed at a rural garbage dump 40 km north of kingston, ontario, canada from 15 june to 5 september 1995. while raccoons were being observed, they bit, and were bitten, by their conspecifics an average of 0.99 (+/- 0.21) and 1.28 (+/- 0.21) times per hour, respectively, while feeding. based on mean nightly contact rates (which included time when raccoons were not ... | 2002 | 12038131 |
| effect of gabab receptor blockade on receptive fields of raccoon somatosensory cortical neurons during reorganization. | single unit recordings were made in the fourth digit representation of raccoon somatosensory cortex after amputation of the fourth digit. the receptive fields of neurons in this "reorganized" cortex were studied before and after microiontophoretic application of a highly specific gaba(b) receptor antagonist, cgp 55845. when the recordings were performed early in the reorganization process, 3-5 weeks after amputation, cgp 55845 produced a greater expansion of the receptive field (184%) than at lo ... | 2002 | 12110954 |
| genetic relatedness and female spatial organization in a solitary carnivore, the raccoon, procyon lotor. | among mammals, some of the most common types of cohesive social groupings originate from natal philopatry through the extended mother family. this retention of females within social groups (i.e. the nonrandom dispersion of female relatives in space) should affect population genetic structure. we examined the relationship between genetic relatedness and female spatial organization in a wild population of the north-american raccoon, procyon lotor, a solitary carnivore in east tennessee. multilocus ... | 2002 | 12030986 |
| comparison of receptive field expansion produced by gaba(b) and gaba(a) receptor antagonists in raccoon primary somatosensory cortex. | recordings were made from 62 neurons in the forepaw representation of primary somatosensory cortex in anesthetized raccoons. microiontophoretic administration of a specific gaba(b) receptor antagonist, cgp 55845, produced receptive field expansion in 74% of 46 neurons, in which it was tested first. the mean receptive field area was approximately doubled, with increases ranging from 12 to 500%. the gaba(b) receptor agonist baclofen reduced the receptive field in most (11 of 16) neurons, but incre ... | 2002 | 11976765 |
| ethylene glycol toxicosis in a free-ranging raccoon (procyon lotor) from prince edward island. | a juvenile free-ranging raccoon (procyon lotor) was presented for acute onset of abnormal mentation and seizures. ethylene glycol toxicosis was diagnosed on postmortem examination. this report highlights the importance of including ethylene glycol toxicosis on the list of differential diagnoses for abnormal mentation and seizures in free-ranging raccoons. | 2002 | 11963664 |
| neuroaxonal dystrophy in raccoons (procyon lotor) from iowa. | during a 12-month period (1998-1999), microscopic evidence of neuroaxonal dystrophy (nad) in medullae oblongata of raccoons (procyon lotor) was observed in 17/39 (47% prevalence in adults) from iowa, usa. three of the animals were kits (<3 months), 26 were between 1 and 2 years, and 10 were over 7 years. lesions were not seen in the medullae of the 3 kits. in young adults, the lesions were mild and were seen in 7 animals. more severe lesions were present in the 10 older raccoons. grossly, the br ... | 2002 | 11939344 |
| metal levels in raccoon tissues: differences on and off the department of energy's savannah river site in south carolina. | levels of arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, manganese, selenium, and strontium88 were examined in heart, kidney, muscle, spleen and liver of raccoons (procyon lotor) from four areas on the department of energy's savannah river site (srs), including near a former reactor cooling reservoir and a coal ash basin, and from public hunting areas within 15 km of the site. mercury is mentioned briefly because it is discussed more fully in another paper. we test the hypotheses that there are no di ... | 2002 | 11893161 |
| interactions between mammals and trees: predation on mammal-dispersed seeds and the effect of ambient food. | the janzen-connell escape hypothesis predicts that the success of tree propagules increases with distance from the parent tree. fleshy fruits that are transported in the guts of frugivores are believed to have evolved to facilitate the wide dispersal of seeds. however, some frugivores deposit seeds in latrines, thus creating aggregations of seeds that are large enough to attract seed predators and negate the advantages of dispersal. raccoons (procyon lotor) often produce large seed deposits sinc ... | 2002 | 28547049 |
| postsynaptic dorsal column and cuneate correlations in the raccoon: a re-evaluation by parallel-cascade analysis. | in a previous study, we reported evidence for correlations between the firing of postsynaptic dorsal column (psdc) neurons and cuneate neurons with overlapping receptive fields on the glabrous skin of the raccoon forepaw. the evidence was based on cross-correlation and frequency response analyses of spontaneously firing neurons. however, cross-correlation without white noise gaussian analog inputs or poisson distributed pulse train inputs is difficult to interpret because of the inherent convolu ... | 2002 | 12466453 |
| estimating the incubation period of raccoon rabies: a time-space clustering approach. | we used a time-space clustering approach to estimate the incubation period of raccoon rabies in the wild using data from the 1999-2001 invasion of raccoon rabies into eastern ontario from northern new york state. the time differences and geographical distances between all possible pairs of rabies cases were computed, classified and assembled into a time-space matrix. the rows of that matrix represented differences in cases in weeks and the columns represent distances between cases in kilometers ... | 2002 | 12419602 |
| raccoon parasite an emerging health concern. | 2002 | 12413355 | |
| effects of temporary deafferentation on raccoon post-synaptic dorsal column neurons. | the effects of temporary deafferentation were studied in 54 post-synaptic dorsal column (psdc) neurons in the cervical spinal cord of the raccoon. deafferentation was induced by the injection of lidocaine into the base of the digit containing the receptive field of the neuron. these neurons all had receptive fields on a single digit of the forepaw and in no case did a new receptive field appear following lidocaine injection. high intensity electrical stimulation of an off-focus digit (adjacent t ... | 2002 | 12231249 |
| raccoon (procyon lotor) as a bioindicator of mercury contamination at the u.s. department of energy's savannah river site. | raccoons (n = 95) were collected from the u.s. department of energy's savannah river site (srs) and from public hunting areas. raccoons were collected near a stream drainage system (steel creek delta) and a former reactor-cooling reservoir (pond b) that received inputs of mercury-contaminated savannah river water. mercury concentrations were determined for hair, liver, kidney, muscle, and spleen tissues. samples were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (icp-ms) and cold v ... | 2002 | 12202933 |
| cost of distributing oral raccoon-variant rabies vaccine in ohio: 1997-2000. | analysis of the cost of 8 distributions of oral rabies vaccine (orv) with strains known to infect raccoons in ohio between 1997 and 2000. | 2002 | 12680444 |
| spatiotemporal analysis of epizootic raccoon rabies propagation in connecticut, 1991-1995. | the quantitative analysis of pathogen transmission within its specific spatial context should improve our ability to predict and control the epizootic spread of that disease. we compared two methods for calibrating the effect of local, spatially distributed environmental heterogeneities on disease spread. using the time-of-first-appearance of raccoon rabies across the 169 townships in connecticut, we estimated local spatial variation in township-to-township transmission rate using trend surface ... | 2002 | 12653301 |
| seroprevalence of trypanosoma cruzi in raccoons from south carolina and georgia. | trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of american trypanosomiasis or chagas' disease, is of both medical and veterinary importance as is evidenced by chronic phase myocarditis in humans and dogs. further, t. cruzi has been reported from over 20 species of wildlife reservoir hosts in the usa, with raccoons (procyon lotor) and opossums (didelphis virginiana) being the most common. whereas previous studies on t. cruzi in raccoons have included only culture and direct examination of blood, the indi ... | 2002 | 11838232 |
| complex structure of b-chromosomes in two mammalian species: apodemus peninsulae (rodentia) and nyctereutes procyonoides (carnivora). | b-chromosomes (bs) of two mammalian species, raccoon dog (nyctereutesprocyonoides, carnivora) and asian wood mouse (apodemus peninsulae, rodentia) were investigated using chromosome segment microdissection and double-colour fish. in the raccoon dog, all b-chromosomes showed homology with each other but not with the a-chromosomes. two segment-specific probes (from proximal and distal parts of b) have been localized in corresponding chromosome parts, with significant variation in their sizes. in a ... | 2002 | 11993931 |
| in vivo labeling of rabbit cholinergic basal forebrain neurons with fluorochromated antibodies. | cholinergic basal forebrain neurons (cbfn) expressing the low-affinity neurotrophin receptor p75 (p75(ntr)) were previously selectively labeled in vivo with carbocyanine 3 (cy3)-tagged anti-p75(ntr), but the applied 192igg-conjugates recognized p75(ntr) only in rat. the antibody me 20.4 raised against human p75(ntr) had been shown to cross-react with the receptor in monkey, raccoon, sheep, cat, dog, pig and rabbit. hence, for in vivo labeling of rabbit cbfn in the present study, me 20.4 was fluo ... | 2002 | 12167760 |
| prevalence and intensity of echinococcus multilocularis in red foxes (vulpes vulpes schrencki) and raccoon dogs (nyctereutes procyonoides albus) in otaru city, hokkaido, japan. | a survey was done in an attempt to investigate the epidemiological status of echinococcus multilocularis in red foxes and raccoon dogs in otaru city from june to september 1999. sixty-seven red foxes (vulpes vulpes schrencki) and 13 raccoon dogs (nyctereutes procyonoides albus) were captured, and postmortem examinations were conducted with them. thirty-eight red foxes (56.7%) and 3 raccoon dogs (23.1%) were found to be infected with e. multilocularis. the total biomass of e. multilocularis in al ... | 2002 | 11949476 |
| remodeling of somotasensory hand representations following cerebral lesions in humans. | there is evidence of reorganization of somatotopic maps following cortical lesions in mammals such as monkeys, raccoons and rats. however, there has been a striking lack of research on somatosensory plasticity following cerebral damage in adult humans. we describe two individuals with left hemisphere damage who misperceive the locations of tactile stimuli whose presence or absence they can readily detect. we find that the mislocalizations preserve the relative topography of pre-lesion experience ... | 2002 | 11893911 |
| sequence comparison of the dopamine receptor d4 exon iii repetitive region in several species of the order carnivora. | it was previously demonstrated that the dog dopamine receptor d4 (drd4) gene is polymorphic in terms of the repeat number and/or order of 39- and 12-bp sequences located in the third exon. to examine whether or not the repetitive region is present in other species of the order carnivora, the homologous region of drd4 genes were sequenced in the gray wolf, raccoon dog, asiatic black bear, common raccoon and domestic cat. in the family canidae, the wolf had an identical sequence to that of the dog ... | 2002 | 12237526 |
| can--a pan-carnivore sine family. | short retroposons or short interspersed elements (sines) constituting 5-10% genome have been isolated from various organisms. can sines initially found in american mink were named after dogs (canis), and the range of their distribution in the genomes of carnivores and mammals in general remained topical. here we demonstrate can sequences in representatives of all carnivore families, but not beyond carnivores, on the basis of sequence bank search and genomic pcr. analysis of their distribution su ... | 2002 | 11773970 |
| first outbreak of baylisascaris procyonis larva migrans in rabbits in japan. | a syndrome of progressive neurological signs was noticed in rabbits (oryctolagus cuniculus) kept in a small wildlife park in mid-july 2000. three out of 12 common raccoons (procyon lotor) kept in this park were infected with baylisascaris procyonis, and the larvae were found from affected rabbits. this outbreak is the first proven b. procyonis larva migrans in japan, and the potential risk of serious zoonosis by this ascarid species should be considered by pet owners, veterinarians, physicians a ... | 2002 | 11880233 |
| predicting the spatial dynamics of rabies epidemics on heterogeneous landscapes. | often as an epidemic spreads, the leading front is irregular, reflecting spatial variation in local transmission rates. we developed a methodology for quantifying spatial variation in rates of disease spread across heterogeneous landscapes. based on data for epidemic raccoon rabies in connecticut, we developed a stochastic spatial model of rabies spread through the state's 169 townships. we quantified spatial variation in transmission rates associated with human demography and key habitat featur ... | 2002 | 11904426 |
| public health impact of reemergence of rabies, new york. | this report summarizes the spread of a raccoon rabies epizootic into new york in the 1990s, the species of animals affected, and human postexposure treatments (pet). a total of 57,008 specimens were submitted to the state laboratory from 1993 to 1998; 8,858 (16%) animals were confirmed rabid, with raccoons the most common species (75%). after exposure to 11,769 animals, 18,238 (45%) persons received pet, mostly because of contact with saliva or nervous tissue. we analyzed expenditure reports to ... | 2002 | 12194765 |
| dirofilaria repens presenting as a premasseteric nodule. | dirofilariasis is a rare zoonosis that is mainly seen with subcutaneous or pulmonary involvement. natural hosts are dogs, cats, jackals, and raccoons; however, humans can rarely become an accidental host for the parasite. in the reported case, infection manifested as a subcutaneous nodule, representing a significant diagnostic challenge for both the surgeon and the pathologist. a case of a 62-year-old man with a premasseteric soft tissue mass caused by dirofilaria repens is presented with histop ... | 2002 | 12221389 |
| heterobilharzia americana infection in a dog. | a 7-year-old castrated male golden retriever cross was evaluated because of intermittent blood-tinged diarrhea, severe weight loss, anorexia, and lethargy of 2 months' duration; the dog was unresponsive to antimicrobial and standard anthelmintic treatment. results of fecal flotations for parasite ova were negative. alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase activities and total protein and globulin conentrations were greater than reference ranges. biopsy speci ... | 2002 | 12126129 |
| larval fly activity on sunlit versus shaded raccoon carrion in southwestern west virginia with special reference to the black blowfly (diptera: calliphoridae). | larvae of phormia regina (meigen), phaenicia sp., and sarcophaga sp. were identified from raccoon carcasses placed in sunlit and shaded areas at a southwestern west virginia site in may of 2000. samples of larvae were taken from each carcass at 3-h intervals over a 153-h experimental period. phormia regina was clearly the dominant species with large numbers of third instars observed at every 3-h collection period from 81 to 153 h on both carcasses. mean lengths of third-instar p. regina larvae c ... | 2002 | 11931041 |
| notoedric mange in two free-ranging north american racoons (procyon lotor) in japan. | mange was diagnosed in two north american racoons (procyon lotor) at kamakura city in kanagawa prefecture, japan. the mites were identified morphologically as notoedres cati. mite infestation affected the skin over the extremities and tail, and was characterized by moderate alopecia and erythematous dermatosis. histopathologically, the affected skin showed marked epidermal hyperplasia and mites located within the parakeratotic stratum corneum. a slight dermal inflammatory response consisting pri ... | 2002 | 11972895 |
| seasonal weight regulation of the raccoon dog (nyctereutes procyonoides): interactions between melatonin, leptin, ghrelin, and growth hormone. | the raccoon dog (nyctereutes procyonoides, canidae, carnivora) is a middle-sized omnivore with excessive autumnal fattening and winter sleep. we studied seasonal weight regulation of the species by following the plasma leptin, ghrelin, and growth hormone (gh) levels of farm-bred raccoon dogs (n = 32) for 6 months. in august, half of the raccoon dogs received continuous-release melatonin implants, and in november, half of the animals of both the sham-operated and melatonin-treated groups were fas ... | 2002 | 12002162 |
| neural larva migrans caused by the raccoon roundworm baylisascaris procyonis. | baylisascaris procyonis, the common raccoon roundworm, is a rare cause of devastating or fatal neural larva migrans in infants and young children. we describe the clinical features of two children from suburban chicago who developed severe, nonfatal b. procyonis neural larva migrans. despite treatment with albendazole and high dose corticosteroids, both patients are neurologically devastated. in many regions of north america, large populations of raccoons with high rates of endemic b. procyonis ... | 2002 | 12394823 |
| amplification of trypanosoma cruzi-specific dna sequences in formalin-fixed raccoon tissues using polymerase chain reaction. | this investigation applied polymerase chain reaction (pcr) using 3 sets of trypanosoma cruzi-specific primers to amplify dna from 31 archived formalin-fixed and fresh-frozen raccoon hearts. pcr successfully amplified t. cruzi-specific sequences, with at least 1 primer set, from multiple sites within the myocardium of formalin-fixed and fresh-frozen raccoon hearts that had previously tested positive using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and indirect immunofluorescent antibody titer in the absen ... | 2002 | 12435142 |
| q fever in humans and animals in the united states. | coxiella burnetii, the etiologic agent of q fever, is a worldwide zoonotic pathogen. although q fever is present in the united states, little is known about its current incidence or geographic distribution in either humans or animals. published reports of national disease surveillance, individual cases, outbreak investigations, and serologic surveys were reviewed to better characterize q fever epidemiology in the united states. in national disease surveillance reports for 1948-1986, 1,396 human ... | 2002 | 12737547 |
| morphology of gnathostoma spp. isolated from natural hosts in sinaloa, mexico. | gnathostomosis is an emerging public health problem in sinaloa, mexico, where an increasing number of human cases have been diagnosed since 1989. the present study was carried out to determine the presence of the parasite in other natural hosts from the area. birds, fish, opossums and raccoons were captured from local dams and lagoons. the flesh from bird and fish specimens was ground and examined under a 100 w light bulb. larvae were processed for light and electron microscopy. a total of 368 a ... | 2002 | 12107456 |
| a new flavor-coated sachet bait for delivering oral rabies vaccine to raccoons and coyotes. | research was conducted during 1996-2000 to develop baits for delivering an oral rabies vaccine to raccoons (procyon lotor) and coyotes (canis latrans). a bait was sought that: (1) was attractive to the target species, (2) could be distributed by aircraft, (3) was as effective (or more so) than the currently used fish meal polymer bait, and (4) could be produced in large numbers by automated procedures and could be purchased by user groups at substantially lower cost. ten field trials were conduc ... | 2002 | 12038136 |
| baylisascaris procyonis (nematoda: ascaridoidea) eggs in raccoon (procyon lotol) latrine scats in orange county, california. | baylisascaris procyonis is the common intestinal nematode of the raccoon and is well-recognized as a cause of visceral, ocular, and neural larva migrans in many species of wild and domestic birds and mammals, including humans. to develop data on the prevalence of b. procyonis in orange county, california, 800 distinct raccoon latrine sites were sampled in 4 spatial zones from 15 january to 31 december 2000. counts of fecal eggs per gram (epg) were determined and evaluated with reference to spati ... | 2002 | 12053964 |
| prevalence of agglutinating antibodies to sarcocystis neurona in skunks (mephitis mephitis), raccoons (procyon lotor), and opossums (didelphis virginiana) from connecticut. | equine protozoal myeloencephalitis is the most important protozoan disease of horses in north america and is usually caused by sarcocystis neurona. natural cases of encephalitis caused by s. neurona have been reported in skunks (mephitis mephitis) and raccoons (procyon lotor). opossums (didelphis spp.) are the only known definitive host. sera from 24 striped skunks, 12 raccoons, and 7 opossums (d. virginiana) from connecticut were examined for agglutinating antibodies to s. neurona using the s. ... | 2002 | 12435152 |
| canine 5s rrna: nucleotide sequence and chromosomal assignment of its gene cluster in four canid species. | the purpose of this study was to determine the nucleotide sequence of canine 5s rrna and use this information to develop a molecular probe to assign the gene locus to chromosomes of the dog and three other related canid species using fluorescence in situ hybridization. the nucleotide sequence of canine liver 5s rrna is 120 base pairs long and identical to the 5s rrna nucleotide sequence of all other mammalian species investigated so far. a single 5s rrna gene cluster was localized pericentromeri ... | 2002 | 12438712 |
| organization of the ferret lateral cervical nucleus and cervicothalamic tract. | to elucidate the organization of the ferret spinocervicothalamic pathway (sctp), we examined the lateral cervical nucleus (lcn) and the termination of the cervicothalamic tract (cty) in this species. in thionin-stained sections, the ferret lcn appeared as an easily delineated column of cells in the dorsolateral funiculus from about mid-c3 to the rostral end of c1, with most cells located in the c1 and c2 segments. in transverse sections, the lcn was elongated along a dorsolateral to ventromedial ... | 2002 | 11962645 |
| baylisascaris procyonis: an emerging helminthic zoonosis. | baylisascaris procyonis, a roundworm infection of raccoons, is emerging as an important helminthic zoonosis, principally affecting young children. raccoons have increasingly become peridomestic animals living in close proximity to human residences. when b. procyonis eggs are ingested by a host other than a raccoon, migration of larvae through tissue, termed larval migrans, ensues. this larval infection can invade the brain and eye, causing severe disease and death. the prevalence of b. procyonis ... | 2002 | 11971766 |
| dogs, cats, raccoons, and bats: where is the real risk for rabies? | 2002 | 11973561 | |
| life cycle of sarcocystis neurona in its natural intermediate host, the raccoon, procyon lotor. | sarcocystis neurona causes encephalomyelitis in many species of mammals and is the most important cause of neurologic disease in the horse. its complete life cycle is unknown, particularly its development and localization in the intermediate host. recently, the raccoon (procyon lotor) was recognized as a natural intermediate host of s. neurona. in the present study, migration and development of s. neurona was studied in 10 raccoons that were fed s. neurona sporocysts from experimentally infected ... | 2002 | 12537110 |
| oral efficacy of an attenuated rabies virus vaccine in skunks and raccoons. | raccoons and skunks are major rabies reservoirs in north america. oral vaccination is one method to consider for disease control in these carnivores. under field conditions in the usa, only one oral rabies vaccine has been used. it is efficacious in wildlife such as raccoons (procyon lotor), coyotes (canis latrans), and foxes (vulpes vulpes) but not in skunks (mephitis mephitis). the objectives of this study were to evaluate an attenuated sag-2 rabies virus vaccine for safety, immunogenicity, an ... | 2002 | 12038142 |
| biological and molecular characterization of a raccoon isolate of trypanosoma cruzi from south carolina. | biological and molecular characteristics of a raccoon isolate of trypanosoma cruzi (r36) were compared with those of a known virulent strain (brazil). included in the characterization were growth rate in liver infusion tryptose medium, infectivity for murine fibroblasts, intracellular amastigote replication and trypomastigote release rates, polymerase chain reaction (pcr) profiling of the mini-exon gene, isoenzyme and random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) profiles, and in vivo virulence for c3 ... | 2002 | 12537130 |
| moellerella wisconsensis isolated from the oral cavity of a wild raccoon (procyon lotor). | this report describes the isolation of moellerella wisconsensis from the oral secretions of a wild raccoon in northern california. human enteric disease has previously been associated with this organism. this represents the first isolation of this rare enterobacterial species from a non-captive animal and only the third from a non-human source. | 2002 | 12737549 |
| comparison of the reservoir competence of medium-sized mammals and peromyscus leucopus for anaplasma phagocytophilum in connecticut. | in the northeastern united states, anaplasma phagocytophilum, the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (hge), is transmitted by the tick vector ixodes scapularis. the white-footed mouse peromyscus leucopus is a competent reservoir for this agent, but the reservoir competence of non-peromyscus hosts of i. scapularis has not been studied. here, we report data confirming reservoir competence of medium-sized mammals for a. phagocytophilum. raccoons, virginia opossums, gray squirrels, and striped ... | 2002 | 12737542 |
| from the centers for disease control and prevention. raccoon roundworm encephalitis--chicago, illinois, and los angeles, california, 2000. | 2002 | 11838448 | |
| trichinella nativa and t. spiralis induce distinguishable histopathologic and humoral responses in the raccoon dog (nyctereutes procyonoides). | three experimental groups of six male raccoon dogs (nyctereutes procyonoides) each were formed by placing one of three littermates from six litters into each group. one group was inoculated with pig-origin trichinella spiralis, the second was inoculated with raccoon dog-origin t. nativa, and the third served as a control group. the infective dose was 1,000 larvae/kg of body weight. every third week, biopsies from m. triceps brachii were taken, and serum samples were collected for up to 12 weeks ... | 2002 | 12009064 |
| new approaches to the development of live attenuated rabies vaccines. | in the united states, extensive reservoirs of the rabies virus exist in many diverse wild animal species, which continue to pose a serious risk of lethal infection of humans and cause an economic burden exceeding $1 billion annually. previous experience with rabies control in foxes in europe has clearly demonstrated that oral immunization with live vaccines is the only practical approach to eradicate rabies in free-ranging animals. however, unlike europe where vulpine rabies was the only major r ... | 2002 | 12031103 |
| rabies surveillance in the united states during 2001. | during 2001, 49 states and puerto rico reported 7,437 cases of rabies in nonhuman animals and 1 case in a human being to the centers for disease control and prevention, an increase of < 1% from 7,364 cases in nonhuman animals and 5 human cases reported in 2000. more than 93% (6,939 cases) were in wild animals, whereas 6.7% (497 cases) were in domestic species (compared with 93.0% in wild animals and 6.9% in domestic species in 2000). the number of cases reported in 2001 increased among bats, cat ... | 2002 | 12494966 |
| [epizootic characteristic of rabies today]. | during the 23 year period rabies was registered in the moscow region in 163 cases among foxes, 22 cases among racoon-like dogs, 92 cases among dogs, 54 cases among cats. in 1991-2000 ten cases of rabies were registered among other wild animal other than foxes and raccoon-like dogs (hares, hedge-hogs, polecats, badgers, hamsters, martens, rats). under today conditions the generalized epizootological pattern of rabies is characterized by the vector "natural foci-->anthropurgic foci" with wild and ... | 2002 | 12524995 |
| susceptibility of raccoons (procyon lotor) to infection with mycobacterium bovis. | tuberculosis due to mycobacterium bovis infection is endemic in white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) in the northeastern portion of the lower michigan peninsula (usa). various wild carnivores and omnivores, including raccoons (procyon lotor), are infected with m. bovis within the endemic area. to investigate the pathogenesis of tuberculosis in raccoons and the likelihood of m. bovis transmission from infected raccoons to other susceptible hosts, we experimentally inoculated raccoons with s ... | 2002 | 12038124 |
| associations between trichinella species and host species in finland. | examination of 627 wild animals--raccoon dogs (nyctereutes procyonoides), red foxes (vulpes vulpes), european lynxes (lynx lynx), brown bears (ursus arctos), wolves (canis lupus), and badgers (meles meles)--revealed trichinella spp. the prevalence varied according to geographical region of finland (north; southwest, sw; and southeast, se) and was the highest among lynxes (70%, sw). the risk of trichinellosis was higher in the se (odds ratio, or, 19.4) and sw regions (or 14.3), as compared with t ... | 2002 | 12053985 |
| baylisascaris procyonis (nematoda: ascarididae) larva migrans in free-ranging wildlife in orange county, california. | baylisascaris procyonis is well recognized as a cause of visceral (vlm), ocular, and neural (nlm) larva migrans in birds and mammals, including man. a study of the prevalence of larva migrans in free-ranging wildlife associated with raccoon latrines as well as a retrospective study of wildlife mortalities with neurological disease was conducted in 2000 in orange county, california. eighty-seven birds of 18 species and 64 mammals of 8 species were found to have nlm or vlm or both. nlm clinical si ... | 2002 | 12054001 |
| use of rapd technique in evolution studies of four species in the family canidae. | the rapd-pcr technique was applied to identify genetic markers able to distinguish between four canid species: the arctic fox (alopex lagopus), red fox (vulpes vulpes), chinese raccoon dog (nyctereutes procyonoides procyonoides) and six breeds of the domestic dog (canis familiaris). a total of 29 ten-nucleotide arbitrary primers were screened for their potential use in the differentiation of these species. ten primers amplified rapd profiles that made it possible to distinguish between the inves ... | 2002 | 12441633 |
| normal conjunctival flora in the north american opossum (didelphis virginiana) and raccoon (procyon lotor). | we documented the normal conjunctival bacterial flora from 17 opossums (didelphis virginiana) and 10 raccoons (procyon lotor) trapped in manhattan, kansas (usa) from november 1999 to january 2000. both raccoons and opossums were free of apparent ocular disease. the inferior conjunctival sacs of each animal were swabbed for aerobic bacterial and mycoplasma culture and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for mycoplasma and chlamydia detection. all conjunctival samples were positive for one or more spe ... | 2002 | 12528457 |
| reproduction of the raccoon dog (nyctereutes procyonoides) after feeding or food deprivation in winter. | the wild raccoon dog (nyctereutes procyonoides, canidae, carnivora) goes through autumn fattening followed by winter sleep. farmed raccoon dogs also exhibit autumn fattening but not winter sleep, as a result of daily feeding and lack of nests. we studied the effects of food deprivation and winter sleep or active winter feeding on the physiology and reproduction of farm-born raccoon dogs. eighty-six animals were put on a 2-month fast in november-december. the fast caused no deleterious effects on ... | 2002 | 12534829 |
| g/q-banded chromosome nomenclature of the chinese raccoon dog, nyctereutes procyonoides procyonoides gray. | 2002 | 12564636 | |
| raccoon dog (nyctereutes procyonoides)--the new host of echinococcus multilocularis in poland. | the alimentary canals of 9 species of domesticated or wild animals were examined for the presence of e. multilocularis. the tapeworm was found in 9 red foxes (vulpes vulpes) out of 155 examined (5.8%) and in 2 raccoon dogs (nyctereutes procyonoides) of 25 examined (8.0%). our studies proved that in poland the raccoon dog can also be infected with e. multilocularis. | 2002 | 16883704 |