Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| host associations of ticks (acari: ixodidae) parasitizing medium-sized mammals in a lyme disease endemic area of southern new york. | ticks of eight medium-sized mammal species were studied in an area of endemic lyme disease in westchester county, n.y., from 1 april 1984 to 31 march 1985. most (81%) of the 266 total mammal captures were raccoon, procyon lotor (l.) (47%), opossum, didelphis virginiana (kerr) (19%), and striped skunk, mephitis mephitis schreber (15%); these host species accounted for 91% of the 1,519 ticks collected. although the total number of ticks was rather evenly distributed among these mammals, species co ... | 1989 | 2724317 |
| [legal foundation and practical execution of slaughtering and meat examination of game animals]. | meat regulations also involve game inspection. on the one hand the previous publications dealt with the regulations and their practice concerning game intended for slaughter, especially the control of fences and the gaining of meat. on the other hand regulations concerning game hunted for food (deer: red deer, sika deer, fallow deer, roe deer; horned ungulates: european mufflon, chamois; wild boar; european hare; european rabbit; game such as badger and raccoon) and regulations to be observed by ... | 1989 | 2763282 |
| descending pathways to the spinal cord: ii. quantitative study of the tectospinal tract in 23 mammals. | to study the early evolution of the mammalian motor systems, we have collected quantitative data on the nuclear origins of tracts descending into the spinal cord in 99 individuals representing 23 species of mammals and one species of reptile. in each individual, the spinal cord was hemisected at the c1-c2 junction and raw hrp immediately applied to the cut fibers. after a 3-day survival period, brain and spinal cord sections were treated with conventional tetramethylbenzidine procedures. in ever ... | 1989 | 2768559 |
| oral vaccination of raccoons (procyon lotor) with an attenuated (sad-b19) rabies virus vaccine. | unlike previous reports to the contrary, raccoons (procyon lotor) were successfully vaccinated against rabies with a liquid sad-b19 attenuated virus vaccine administered per os and given in vaccine-laden baits. there was neither evidence of vaccine-induced rabies in raccoons nor in a limited safety trial with opossums (didelphis virginiana) given sad-b19. protection from lethal street rabies virus infection was not absolute: only three of nine raccoons given 1 x 10(6.0) tcid/ml were protected ve ... | 1989 | 2810555 |
| proposed field evaluation of a rabies recombinant vaccine for raccoons (procyon lotor): site selection, target species characteristics, and placebo baiting trials. | prior to a limited field application of an orally-administered vaccinia-rabies glycoprotein (v-rg) recombinant virus vaccine for wildlife, background data were obtained for the proposed site on parramore island, virginia (usa). mammalian target and nontarget species, potentially at risk for exposure to vaccine were inventoried. placebo baiting trials with a fishmeal polymer bait resulted in high bait disturbance (88 to 100%), primarily by raccoons (procyon lotor), with infrequent visitation and ... | 1989 | 2810556 |
| ontario. cerebral nematodiasis caused by the raccoon ascarid (baylisascaris procyonis) in chinchillas. | 1989 | 17423462 | |
| mathematic model for the population biology of rabies in raccoons in the mid-atlantic states. | a series of coupled differential equations was used to model the temporal dynamics of rabies in raccoons in the mid-atlantic region of the united states. the model takes explicit account of the development of natural immunity to rabies and was used to evaluate culling and vaccination elimination strategies. for habitats typical of the mid-atlantic states, and given the assumptions of the model, it was estimated that elimination of rabies in raccoons by culling may involve the annual removal of o ... | 1989 | 2610445 |
| patterns of resting discharge in neurons of the raccoon main cuneate nucleus. | 1. the presence and pattern of resting discharge were examined in 100 single neurons of the raccoon main cuneate nucleus (mcn). of these, 66 were activated, either antidromically or synaptically, by electrical stimulation of the contralateral thalamic ventrobasal complex (vb), and 34 were activated by stimulation of the ipsilateral cerebellum (cb). 2. forty-one percent of vb-activated neurons displayed a resting discharge, whereas 32% of cb-activated neurons did. most neurons activated from vb a ... | 1989 | 2746314 |
| a study of techniques for the distribution of oral rabies vaccine to wild raccoon populations. | this study evaluates a technique for delivering an oral rabies vaccine to wild raccoon (procyon lotor) populations. various baits and attractants were first tested on caged raccoons and baiting trials were then conducted in two distinct physiographic regions of virginia (usa), the coastal plain and the piedmont plateau. raccoon population density studies preceded the field trials. each polyurethane sponge bait distributed contained approximately 200 mg tetracycline as a tissue biomarker, and was ... | 1989 | 2716100 |
| yohimbine reversal of ketamine-xylazine immobilization of raccoons (procyon lotor). | six adult raccoons (procyon lotor) were sedated with a combination of ketamine hydrochloride (kh) at 10 mg/kg body weight and xylazine hydrochloride (xh) at 2 mg/kg body weight intramuscularly (i.m.). twenty min after the kh-xh combination was given, yohimbine hydrochloride (yh) at either 0.1 mg/kg (trial 1) or 0.2 mg/kg (trial 2) body weight or a saline control (trial 3) was administered intravenously (i.v.). the time to arousal, time to sternal recumbency and time to walking were recorded. the ... | 1989 | 2716096 |
| functional morphology of accommodation in the raccoon. | the raccoon (procyon lotor) is a small carnivore which eats in the upright position, using hand- and finger-like front paws and digits to wash, hold and examine its food at close range. these anatomic and behavioral characteristics prompted structural and functional studies of the accommodative capability of this species. by light and electron microscopy, we observed a prominent ciliary smooth muscle and zonular apparatus. when stimulated by carbachol or pilocarpine, the muscle and zonular appar ... | 1989 | 2714413 |
| generalized eosinophilic myositis with eosinophilia of blood and cerebrospinal fluid in a raccoon (procyon lotor). | 1989 | 2488342 | |
| somatotopic organization of forelimb representation in cervical enlargement of raccoon dorsal horn. | 1. somatosensory representation of the forelimb in the dorsal horn of spinal segments c5-t2 was examined in 13 north american raccoons anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium. single- or multiple-unit responses to light mechanical stimulation were recorded at a total of 504 loci, which were subsequently reconstructed from stained, transverse sections. from these, dorsal view maps of forelimb representation in rexed's laminae iii and iv were synthesized. 2. there was a shifting, serial overlap of ... | 1989 | 2918339 |
| acceptance of simulated oral rabies vaccine baits by urban raccoons. | in summer 1986, a study was conducted to evaluate raccoon (procyon lotor) acceptance of oral baits that could be used for rabies vaccination. one thousand wax-coated sponge bait cubes were filled with 5 mg of a seromarker (iophenoxic acid), placed in polyethylene bags, and hand-distributed in an 80 ha area within an urban national park in washington, d. c. (usa). after 3 wk, target and nontarget animals were trapped and blood samples collected to evaluate bait uptake. thirty-three of 52 (63%) ra ... | 1989 | 2915389 |
| phagicola angrense (digenea: heterophyidae) as a cause of enteritis in a raccoon (procyon lotor). | numerous phagicola angrense were associated with enteritis in a single male juvenile raccoon (procyon lotor) live-trapped on parramore island, virginia (usa). the raccoon was weak, ataxic and had melenic soft feces. the carcass was emaciated, pale and had ascites. mesenteric vessels appeared prominent and the stomach and the intestines contained fetid bloody material. the small intestinal mucosa contained three locally extensive sites of necrosis. histopathologically, there were numerous small d ... | 1989 | 2716110 |
| eurytrema procyonis in a raccoon (procyon lotor) from new york state--a first report. | the digenean, eurytrema procyonis, found in the pancreatic ducts of the raccoon (procyon lotor), is reported for the first time from a juvenile female raccoon captured in july 1987, in new york state (usa). the presence of greater than 183 trematodes in the pancreatic ducts was an incidental finding at necropsy to an interstitial pneumonia which had caused emaciation, and for which the animal was euthanized. the pancreas, with the exception of the major pancreatic duct, was histologically normal ... | 1989 | 2716109 |
| new information on the location of capillaria procyonis (nematoda: trichuroidea) in the tongue of a raccoon (procyon lotor). | histologic examination of the tongue of one juvenile male raccoon demonstrated the presence of adults and unembryonated eggs of the nematode capillaria procyonis within parasite-induced tunnels in the stratified squamous epithelium. there was no inflammatory infiltrate within the epithelium or the subjacent lamina propria. the shape of tunnels approximated that of the resident nematodes and were lined by flattened and attenuated epithelial cells. therefore, the site of infection of c. procyonis ... | 1989 | 2716115 |
| molecular genetic-distance estimates among the ursidae as indicated by one- and two-dimensional protein electrophoresis. | evolutionary relationships among eight species of ursidae (including the giant panda) relative to two procyonidae species (raccoon and red panda) were estimated based on the extent of electrophoretic variation of 289 radiolabelled fibroblast proteins resolved by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and among 44 isozyme loci resolved by one-dimensional electrophoresis. allelic differences among these species were converted to genetic distances, and phenetic trees were constructed. in addition, the ... | 1989 | 28568545 |
| epidemiology and control of raccoon rabies: an update. | 1989 | 32344965 | |
| wild carnivore acceptance of baits for delivery of liquid rabies vaccine. | a series of experiments are described on the acceptance, by red foxes (vulpes vulpes) and other species, of two types of vaccine-baits intended to deliver liquid rabies vaccine. the baits consisted of a cube of sponge coated in a mixture of tallow and wax, or a plastic blister-pack embedded in tallow. all baits contained tetracycline as a biological marking agent: examination of thin sections of carnivore canines under an ultraviolet microscope revealed a fluorescent line of tetracycline if an i ... | 1990 | 2250325 |
| corticospinal projections from areas 4 and 6 in the raccoon. | the corticospinal projections from areas 4 and 6 were investigated in the raccoon using the horseradish peroxidase (hrp) retrograde tracing technique. multiple injections of lectin bound hrp and hrp were made into either the cervical or lumbar cord in 7 anesthetized raccoons. retrogradely labeled neurons were observed throughout a wide extent of areas 4 and 6a beta. the hrp positive cells were most numerous within the dorsal bank of the cruciate sulcus within area 4 and continued around the fund ... | 1990 | 2323372 |
| immunoreactivity for glutamic acid decarboxylase and several neuropeptides in the spinal cord of the raccoon. | the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method was used to examine major immunohistochemical features of the spinal cord of adult raccoons. the lateral portions of the ventral horn contained many large multipolar neurons that showed cholecystokinin-like immunoreactivity, suggesting the coexistence of cholecystokinin with acetylcholine in a subset of motoneurons. the dorsal horn revealed unique but overlapping patterns of immunoreactivity for glutamic acid decarboxylase, somatostatin, substance p, vasoacti ... | 1990 | 1705158 |
| coding of stimulus location and intensity in populations of mechanosensitive nerve fibers of the raccoon: ii. across-fiber response patterns. | the major aim of this study was to determine whether information about stimulus location and intensity can be precisely encoded in the population response profiles of mechanosensitive nerve fibers. across-fiber patterns (afps) were reconstructed using data obtained previously (58) from 129 single median nerve fibers and 61 posterior tibial nerve fibers of the raccoon. punctate mechanical stimuli of varying intensities were presented to six standard test sites on the glabrous skin of the forepaw ... | 1990 | 2271958 |
| fatal necrotizing encephalitis in a raccoon associated with a sarcocystis-like protozoon. | 1990 | 2128875 | |
| physiological changes in the somatosensory forepaw cerebral cortex of adult raccoons following lesions of a single cortical digit representation. | the purpose of this study was to determine whether restricted lesions within primary somatosensory (smi) cortex cause changes in the functional organization of cortical areas bordering on the site of injury. focal ablations of cortical tissue were made in the representational area for digit 3 within the smi forepaw cortex of adult raccoons. electrophysiological mapping experiments done 15-17 weeks later showed that significant alterations had occurred in the response properties of clusters of ne ... | 1990 | 2335195 |
| heavy metal and organochlorine compound concentrations in tissues of raccoons from east-central michigan. | 1990 | 1691026 | |
| acute effects of total or partial digit denervation on raccoon somatosensory cortex. | the immediate effects of total or partial denervation of single digits (0-16 hr after nerve transection) on primary somatosensory cortex were studied electrophysiologically. comparisons of response properties and cortical somatotopy were made between intact raccoons and four groups of raccoons with transection of some or all of the nerves innervating the fourth or fifth digit. animals with all four digital nerves cut (amputation of the digit) were most different from normal. approximately half o ... | 1990 | 1963250 |
| reproduction of meloidogyne incognita on open-pollinated maize varieties. | forty-three open-pollinated maize varieties were tested for resistance to the southern root-knot nematode, meloidogyne incognita race 4, in greenhouse tests. an experiment repeated on five different planting dates assessed nematode reproduction 60 days after inoculation with 3,000 eggs per plant. tebeau and old raccoon showed consistently high levels of resistance in all plantings, with the lowest reproduction factor (rf) values (0.2 and 0.4) and low numbers of eggs per gram of fresh root (222 a ... | 1990 | 19287774 |
| eosinophilic encephalomyelitis in a raccoon experimentally infected with a dog isolate of rabies virus. | 1990 | 2094438 | |
| sarcocystis kirkpatricki n. sp. (apicomplexa: sarcocystidae) in muscles of raccoons (procyon lotor) from illinois. | sarcocysts of sarcocystis kirkpatricki n. sp. (apicomplexa: sarcocystidae) are described from the skeletal and heart musculature of 66 (66%) of 100 raccoons (procyon lotor) from illinois. histologic examination of muscle tissues from tongue, diaphragm, esophagus, and heart revealed that 61%, 47%, 32%, and 2%, respectively, contained sarcocysts of this species. juvenile raccoons (less than 1 yr old) were more likely (p less than 0.01) to have sarcocysts in the tissues examined (52/60 or 87%) than ... | 1990 | 2116513 |
| rotaviral enteritis in a raccoon. | a hand-reared raccoon (procyon lotor) kit had severe diarrhea and died within 24 hr. gross and histopathologic findings were compatible with a diagnosis of viral enteritis. the immunoperoxidase test revealed rotavirus group a antigen in the intestinal mucosa. this is the first record of rotaviral enteritis in a raccoon. | 1990 | 2160022 |
| a field trial to determine the feasibility of delivering oral vaccines to wild swine. | a field study was conducted on ossabaw island, georgia (usa) to determine the feasibility of delivering oral vaccines to wild swine (sus scrofa). baits were made of polymerbound fish meal and contained a gelatin capsule as a potential vaccine chamber. two biomarkers, iophenoxic acid and tetracycline, were incorporated into each bait, and soured chicken mash was used as an attractant. baits (n = 1,980) were distributed in a grid pattern on a 405-ha test site and monitored for animal disturbance. ... | 1990 | 2174467 |
| absence of rabies encephalitis in a raccoon with concurrent rabies and canine distemper infections. | concurrent infection of a raccoon by rabies and canine distemper viruses is described. fluorescent antibody (fa) test demonstrated rabies antigen in the brain of this animal, however, histologically only lesions characteristic of canine distemper infection were seen. we recommend testing tissues for rabies of animals that histologically are positive for canine distemper. | 1990 | 2180632 |
| surveillance and epidemiologic mapping of monoclonal antibody-defined rabies variants in florida. | brain tissues from 128 rabid animals from florida in 1987 and 1988 were analyzed with monoclonal antibodies and cases were mapped by species and antigenic variant. the single variant found in terrestrial animals was distinguished easily from the variety of antigenic variants identified for infected bats, and there was no evidence of transmission of rabies between bats and terrestrial animals. the raccoon (procyon lotor) appeared to be the sole maintenance source for terrestrial animal rabies in ... | 1990 | 2250324 |
| susceptibility of wild mammals to infection with naegleria fowleri. | animals of 4 families of small wild mammals were live-trapped and inoculated intranasally with naegleria fowleri to determine patterns of susceptibility. of the 7 species of animals examined, only rodents were susceptible to n. fowleri. susceptible animals were eastern gray squirrel, hispid cotton rat, muskrat, and house mouse. mammals that were not susceptible at a dose of 10(6) were opossum, raccoon, and eastern cottontail rabbit. perhaps rodents and humans share a common anatomical or physiol ... | 1990 | 2254821 |
| host-dependent differences in feeding and reproduction of ixodes dammini (acari: ixodidae). | the frequencies with which adult ixodes dammini spielman, clifford, piesman and corwin feed upon white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus), raccoons (procyon lotor), opossums (didelphis virginiana), and domestic cats were compared in a wooded site in northeastern united states. by combining estimates of the quantity of ticks feeding on each host species with host densities, we derived the relative contribution made by each kind of host to the feeding of the tick population. to compare engorgeme ... | 1990 | 2280395 |
| slowly adapting type i mechanoreceptor discharge as a function of dynamic force versus dynamic displacement of glabrous skin of raccoon and squirrel monkey hand. | the effects of dynamic force and dynamic displacement on single unit discharge rate during ramp stimulation were examined in 10 raccoon and 8 squirrel monkey slowly adapting type i (sai) mechanoreceptive afferent fibers, all having receptive fields on glabrous skin of the hand. in all 18 cases, power function exponents were higher for effects of dynamic displacement than for effects of dynamic force on discharge frequency. thus, these sai mechanoreceptors are more sensitive to variations in dyna ... | 1990 | 2325895 |
| land use associations and changes in population indices of urban raccoons during a rabies epizootic. | land use associations and changes in population indices were assessed for an urban population of raccoons (procyon lotor) in baltimore, maryland (usa), from january 1984 to december 1987. records were examined for 1,458 raccoons trapped alive and removed dead from city streets during, and after, the peak of a rabies epizootic. the distribution of raccoons was associated with single-unit residential areas primarily along the northern and western perimeter of the city. beginning in march 1985 an e ... | 1990 | 2338721 |
| intramuscular vaccination of skunks and raccoons against rabies. | live-captured striped skunks (mephitis mephitis) and raccoons (procyon lotor) were immunized with inactivated rabies vaccine by intramuscular injection and released at the point of capture during a rabies control program in metropolitan toronto (ontario, canada). serum samples collected prior to and following vaccination revealed that 100% of the skunks and 98% of the raccoons seroconverted. rabies antibody was still detectable 314 to 757 days postvaccination. five of six skunks vaccinated in th ... | 1990 | 2338727 |
| vaccination of free-ranging pennsylvania raccoons (procyon lotor) with inactivated rabies vaccine. | thirty-nine free-ranging raccoons (procyon lotor) in an endemic rabies area of pennsylvania (usa) were vaccinated with a single intramuscular inoculation of commercial inactivated rabies virus vaccine, 17 june to 23 august 1987. paired serum samples, pre- and postvaccination, were obtained from eight raccoons and were analyzed in vitro for rabies virus neutralizing antibody using a modified rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test. seven of eight (88%) recaptured raccoons demonstrated seroconvers ... | 1990 | 2338729 |
| raccoon forelimb motorsensory cortex: i. somatic afferent inputs to different cytoarchitectonic areas. | the distribution of potentials evoked in and around forelimb msi by graded electrical stimulation of forelimb nerves has been studied in the raccoon (procyon lotor). these data have been correlated with cytoarchitectonic characteristics of pericruciate cortical tissue. potentials evoked by cutaneous nerve stimulation were widely distributed in msi and smi, but were smaller in amplitude and of longer latency in msi than in smi. stimulation of ulnar, median or deep radial nerve at 1-1.4t, a streng ... | 1990 | 2372699 |
| raccoon forelimb motorsensory cortex: ii. somatosensory inputs to single neurons. | somatosensory input to 431 neurons in msi has been studied in unanesthetized, paralyzed raccoons (procyon lotor). the type of sensory input to neurons in lateral sigmoid gyrus (cytoarchitectonic area 4) and in posterior sigmoid gyrus (areas 4 and 3a) was not significantly different. of these neurons, 36% were activated by superficial cutaneous stimulation (touch, tap or hair deflection) and 26% by deep stimulation (pressure or joint movement). mute neurons (not driven by any form of peripheral s ... | 1990 | 2372700 |
| motor outflow to cervical motoneurons from raccoon motorsensory cortex. | motor outflow from forelimb motorsensory cortex (msi) to forelimb muscle motoneurons in raccoon has been investigated using three approaches: 1) determination of latencies for cortically evoked efferent discharge in forelimb nerves; 2) determination of latencies for cortical facilitation of forelimb monosynaptic reflexes; and 3) intracellular recording of cortically evoked synaptic potentials. all three approaches indicated a major polysynaptic pathway (minimally disynaptic) for corticofugal fac ... | 1990 | 2372701 |
| a comparative study of the unfolding thermodynamics of vertebrate metmyoglobins. | differential scanning microcalorimetry (dsc) of horse, rat, opossum, raccoon, carp, and armadillo metmyoglobins at alkaline ph gave data that fit the two-state unfolding model well. monte carlo studies were used to assess the impact of truncating dsc scans on the reliability of the calculated results when aggregation exotherms overlapped the unfolding endotherm at the high-temperature end of the scan. the dsc estimates for the conformational free energy at ph 8 and 298 k are compared to earlier ... | 1990 | 2378866 |
| the role of medium-sized mammals as reservoirs of borrelia burgdorferi in southern new york. | the ability of raccoons (procyon lotor), striped skunks (mephitis mephitis) and opossums (didelphis virginiana) to serve as reservoirs of borrelia burgdorferi, the spirochetal agent of lyme disease, was compared with that of white-footed mice (peromyscus leucopus). twenty-eight (28) medium-sized mammals and 34 white-footed mice were captured in westchester county, new york (usa) in summer 1986. animals were caged over pans of water for 1 to 2 days to recover engorged tick larvae (ixodes dammini) ... | 1990 | 2388356 |
| adult raccoon survival in an enzootic rabies area of pennsylvania. | twenty-one adult raccoons (procyon lotor) were radio-marked on each of two areas in centre county, pennsylvania from 17 june to 23 august 1987. raccoons on area 1 were vaccinated with a commercial inactivated rabies virus vaccine administered intramuscularly, whereas on area 2 raccoons were not vaccinated. survival rates were estimated for three periods: pre-season (23 august to 23 october 1987), harvest season (24 october 1987 to 23 january 1988) and post-season (24 january to 26 march 1988). k ... | 1990 | 2388357 |
| ophthalmic dirofilariasis. | dirofilaria tenuis infection involving the eye and ocular adnexae is rare. we report a patient from florida with a subconjunctival worm which was surgically removed and identified as immature d. tenuis. ophthalmic involvement of this organism is found most commonly in florida and the southeastern united states. raccoons are a natural host and mosquitoes a natural vector for d. tenuis. | 1990 | 2393227 |
| the use of isoelectric focusing to identify rhinoceros keratins. | keratins represent the principal structural proteins of hair. they are also found in horn, nail, claw, hoof, and feather. hair and nail samples from human and canine sources and hair samples from mule deer, white tail deer, cat, moose, elk, antelope, caribou, raccoon, and goat were studied. parrot and goose feathers were also analyzed. keratins are polymorphic, and species differences are known to exist. proteinaceous extracts of deer and antelope antlers and bovine and rhinoceros horn were prep ... | 1990 | 1691773 |
| somatotopic organization of the dorsal column nuclei in the rat: transganglionic labelling with b-hrp and wga-hrp. | to analyze the patterns of cutaneous primary afferent fibers projecting to the dorsal column nuclei in the rat, horseradish peroxidase (hrp)-based tracers were injected intracutaneously into a number of discrete regions of the forelimbs and hindlimbs. three-4 days following the hrp injections, the rats were perfused transcardially; 60 microns transverse sections were cut, and the hrp was reacted using the tetramethyl benzidine method. comparisons were made of projections following injections wit ... | 1991 | 1723341 |
| antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi in deer and raccoons. | an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was developed to detect serum antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of lyme borreliosis, in deer (odocoileus virginianus) and raccoons (procyon lotor). blood samples were collected from these mammals in connecticut, maryland, north carolina, georgia and florida. seropositivity for deer was highest in connecticut (56% of 353 sera) and maryland (51% of 35 sera). raccoons in connecticut, maryland, north carolina, and florida also had an ... | 1991 | 1758022 |
| oral vaccination of skunks with raccoon poxvirus recombinants expressing the rabies glycoprotein or the nucleoprotein. | twenty nine skunks (mephitis mephitis) were vaccinated orally with raccoon poxvirus (rcn) recombinants: 10 with a recombinant expressing the rabies virus glycoprotein (rcnrg), 10 with rcnrg mixed with a recombinant expressing the rabies virus nucleoprotein (rcnrn) and nine with rcn alone. rabies virus neutralizing antibodies were detected in six of the 20 skunks; five skunks (three given rcnrg, two given a mixture of recombinants) survived a rabies challenge that was lethal for nine skunks vacci ... | 1991 | 1758034 |
| a sarcocystis sp.-like protozoan and concurrent canine distemper virus infection associated with encephalitis in a raccoon (procyon lotor). | a raccoon (procyon lotor) with signs of weakness was captured in upstate new york (usa). despite attempted care in a rehabilitation facility, the animal died and was examined because of suspected infectious neurologic disease. the cerebrum had a marked, locally extensive, neutrophilic, necrotizing encephalitis with numerous associated intralesional protozoal organisms, and a moderate to marked multifocal perivascular nonsuppurative meningoencephalitis. based on morphology and immunohistochemical ... | 1991 | 1758036 |
| large-scale eradication of rabies using recombinant vaccinia-rabies vaccine. | rabies infection of domestic and wild animals is a serious problem throughout the world. the major disease vector in europe is the red fox (vulpes vulpes) and rabies control has focused on vaccinating and/or culling foxes. culling has not been effective, and the distribution of five vaccine baits is the only appropriate method for the vaccination of wild foxes. although some european countries have conducted field vaccination campaigns using attenuated rabies virus strains, their use has not bee ... | 1991 | 1758494 |
| on the facial artery of the raccoon dog (nyctereutes procyonoides viverrinus temminck). | detailed observations were made of the facial artery in 20 raccoon dogs (nyctereutes procyonoides viverrinus temminck) utilizing the plastic injection method. the findings obtained were discussed in comparison with the facial artery of carnivorae. the facial artery diverged anterolaterally from the external carotid artery independently at a position between the origins of the lingual and the posterior auricular arteries when the external carotid bent laterally in front of the tympanic bulla. thi ... | 1991 | 1758686 |
| [species-specific features of the distribution of restriction sites in bsp-repeats of canidae genome]. | differences and similarities of the bsp-repeats' organization in fox, dog, polar fox and raccoon dog genomes were studied. specificity of bsp-repeats to the canidae family was demonstrated. the repeats are mainly organized in large clusters in all species studied. the species-specific features in restriction patterns were revealed for all five genomes, in spite of high intragenomic polymorphism exhibited in each case. this suggests that certain unique sets of structural versions of bsp-repeats w ... | 1991 | 1773937 |
| [heterogeneity of the canidae bsp-repeats family: discovery of the ecori subfamily]. | a 1600 bp ecori fragment was cloned from genome of raccoon dog. the structure obtained is homologous to the canidae bsp-repeats family. comparative blot hybridization of the ecori fragment and bamhi repeat from fox genome with restricted hydrolysates of the total of raccoon dog and fox dnas revealed differences both in structure and genomic organization between these two bsp-repeats versions. evidently, the ecori fragment contains a sequence lacking from the bamhi fragment of the fox bsp-repeats ... | 1991 | 1773938 |
| comparison of host-feeding patterns between anopheles quadrimaculatus sibling species a and b. | bloodmeal sources for sympatric species a and b of anopheles quadrimaculatus in an area of mississippi were identified using an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. females had fed only on 6 species of mammals including dog/fox, pig, opossum, raccoon, cottontail rabbit and white-tailed deer. the latter species was the predominant host, representing 96.7 and 89.5% of the bloodmeals taken by species a and b, respectively. no marked difference in feeding patterns was found. | 1991 | 1791465 |
| present status of trichinellosis in japan. | there have been three mass outbreaks of human trichinellosis in japan. the first was in 1974 in iwasaki, aomori prefecture, involving a group of hunters who ate raw meat of a black bear they had shot. of the 20 people who ate the bear meat raw, 15 showed clinical symptoms of trichinellosis. the second outbreak was experienced in sapporo, hokkaido, in 1980. the patients had eaten the raw meat of a brown bear served in a local restaurant. twelve people were diagnosed positive on the basis of clini ... | 1991 | 1822910 |
| clinical and laboratory findings in small companion animals with lead poisoning: 347 cases (1977-1986). | three hundred forty-seven cases of lead poisoning in small companion animals were reviewed. the yearly prevalence and overall incidence rates were examined for the 10 years before and after enactment of strict federal regulations pertaining to lead content in paint products. biographical data, clinical signs, and laboratory results were analyzed for the 6 types of affected animals (ie, dogs, cats, birds, rabbits, a chinchilla, and a raccoon). clinical and laboratory findings of these animals wer ... | 1991 | 1885338 |
| hemoparasites of raccoons (procyon lotor) in florida. | four hemoparasite species (babesia lotori, trypanosoma cruzi, dirofilaria tenuis and mansonella llewellyni) were found in raccoons (procyon lotor) collected from 1972 to 1974 in duval (n = 14) and collier (n = 170) counties, florida (usa). trypanosoma cruzi was found in thin blood smears from one raccoon at each locality. the prevalence of b. lotori was 79% and 80% in samples taken in december 1973 in collier and duval counties, respectively. no patent infections by b. lotori were detected in ra ... | 1991 | 1920671 |
| human exposure to rabies from pet wild raccoons in south carolina and west virginia, 1987 through 1988. | during 1987 and 1988, exposures to eight pet wild raccoons in south carolina and west virginia resulted in administration of rabies post-exposure prophylaxis to 19 children and 26 adults. all eight raccoons appeared normal at the time of capture, and three had no signs of illness when sacrificed. the direct medical cost resulting from these exposures was $23,714 ($527 per person). regulations and public education may help decrease this type of rabies exposure. | 1991 | 1928537 |
| borrelia burgdorferi in ticks (acari: ixodidae) from coastal virginia. | ixodid ticks removed from hosts and from vegetation during march-november 1987 at sites in coastal virginia and north carolina were examined for borrelia burgdorferi. b. burgdorferi was evident in nine (22%) ixodes cookei packard removed from rice rats (oryzomys palustris), a white-footed mouse (peromyscus leucopus), and raccoons (procyon lotor); four (6%) amblyomma americanum (l.) removed from raccoons; and two (3%) dermacentor variabilis (say) removed from a raccoon and a rice rat. b. burgdorf ... | 1991 | 1941936 |
| new locality record for heterobilharzia americana. | thirty raccoons (procyon lotor) from three counties in east-central and southeast kansas (usa) were examined for schistosomiasis. eleven (37%) of the raccoons had adult schistosomes identified as heterobilharzia americana present in the mesenteric vessels, histopathological lesions compatible with schistosomiasis, or both. this represents the first report of h. americana in kansas and in the central united states. | 1991 | 2023315 |
| formulation and evaluation of baits for oral rabies vaccination of raccoons (procyon lotor). | captive raccoons were offered a variety of vaccine containers and bait components in a series of three-choice tests. paraffin wax ampules were the most readily accepted vaccine container. preferred bait components included corn and shellfish oils, deep fried corn meal batter, and egg, apple and buttermilk flavorings. these results, together with factors including ease of bait formulation, cost, and suitability for field use, were used to develop an experimental delivery system for an oral rabies ... | 1991 | 2023324 |
| raccoon poxvirus recombinants expressing the rabies virus nucleoprotein protect mice against lethal rabies virus infection. | raccoon poxvirus (rcn) recombinants expressing the rabies virus internal structural nucleoprotein (rcn-n) protected a/wysnj mice against a lethal challenge with street rabies virus (srv). maximum survival was achieved following vaccination by tail scratch and footpad (fp) srv challenge. rcn-n-vaccinated mice inoculated in the fp with srv were resistant to infection for at least 54 weeks postvaccination. protection was also elicited by rcn recombinants expressing the rabies virus glycoprotein (rc ... | 1991 | 2033678 |
| epidemiologic characteristics of human tularemia in the southwest-central states, 1981-1987. | from 1981 through 1987, a total of 1,041 cases of tularemia in humans were reported in arkansas, kansas, louisiana, missouri, oklahoma, and texas; this represents 60% of the cases reported in the united states during this same time period. the state of arkansas reported the highest total (420 cases). annual incidence rates per one million population ranged from 36.3 in arkansas to less than 5.0 in kansas, louisiana, and texas. epidemiologic data were available for 1,026 cases. the majority of ca ... | 1991 | 2035503 |
| intestinal carriage of yersinia pseudotuberculosis by wild birds and mammals in japan. | fecal specimens were obtained from wild birds and mammals in the eastern part of shimane prefecture, japan, an area where serotype 1b, 2b, 3, and 4b strains of yersinia pseudotuberculosis were found to be prevalent in humans. each of 869 animals, including 259 wild birds and 610 wild mammals, was screened for yersiniae. a total of 37 strains of y. pseudotuberculosis were isolated from 34 (5.6%) mammals, including 23 raccoon dogs (nyctereutes procyonoides), eight deer (cervus nippon), two hares ( ... | 1991 | 2059038 |
| on the robertsonian polymorphism found in the japanese raccoon dog (nyctereutes procyonoides viverrinus). | karyotypes of 39 japanese raccoon dogs (npv) which appeared in the literature and of 7 previously unreported specimens were examined. thirty four individuals showed the standard karyotype 2k = 26m + 10a + (m)x + (a)y + bs (2n = 38 + bs), where bs are supernumerary chromosomes. the remaining 11 individuals had 2k = 25m + 12a + xy + bs (2n = 39 + bs) and one was 2k = 23m + 16a + xy + bs (2n = 41 + bs). the g- and c-banding analyses of both somatic and germ cells revealed that these karyotypes with ... | 1991 | 2064799 |
| [tick spirochetosis by borrelia burgdorferi in wild carnivores in france. results of serologic tests in 372 foxes]. | the authors made serological examination, by passive hemagglutination, of 378 wild carnivores killed in 17 departments of western, central and eastern parts of france: 372 of foxes, of which more than 90 per cent less than one year aged, 4 raccoon dogs and 2 lynx. in foxes, they found significative seropositivity (greater than or equal to 1/200) with mean frequencies of 12.77 per cent in young animals and 42.86 % in those of 1 year and more. according the parts of france, frequency is greatly va ... | 1991 | 2065402 |
| pancreatic duct hyperplasia in a raccoon (procyon lotor) caused by atriotaenia procyonis. | a raccoon (procyon lotor) live-trapped in philadelphia, pennsylvania was heavily infected with the tapeworm atriotaenia procyonis. histopathologic examination of the duodenum revealed this tapeworm attached to the mucosa; the mucosa was mildly hyperplastic without a significant inflammatory infiltrate. this tapeworm was seen also within the proximal pancreatic duct and histopathologic lesions associated with its presence consisted of marked hyperplasia of mucosal cells, causing the formation of ... | 1991 | 2067057 |
| a dipstick elisa for rapid detection of human blood meals in mosquitoes. | a dot-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, dot-elisa, that allows for identification of human blood meals in mosquitoes in less than 2 h is presented. strips of mylar-backed nitrocellulose paper, the dipstick, may be inoculated with anti-human capture antibody, blocked, dried and stored for at least 3 months before use. the dipstick elisa consistently detected human blood meals at 24 h post-blood meal in frozen anopheles mosquitoes and at 32 h post-blood meal on samples eluted off filter-paper sme ... | 1991 | 1675255 |
| is canine leptospirosis underdiagnosed in southern ontario? a case report and serological survey. | an eight-year-old city-dwelling cairn terrier was presented to a veterinary hospital in acute renal failure with evidence of hepatic insufficiency. the dog was treated symptomatically over three days, during which time vomiting was largely controlled, but it became jaundiced as hepatic insufficiency worsened. leptospira pomona was demonstrated in large numbers by immunofluorescent staining of urinary sediment. it was isolated and its identity confirmed as l. pomona genotype kennewicki. the sourc ... | 1991 | 17423841 |
| functional regions within the map of a single digit in raccoon primary somatosensory cortex. | electrophysiological recordings were made at a large number of sites in the primary somatosensory cortex of six anesthetized raccoons. a high density of penetrations (110-229 per animal), within or near the representation of the fourth digit, allowed identification of three cortical regions with different physiological properties: a glabrous zone, containing a highly detailed, somatotopically ordered representation of the glabrous surface of the digit; rostral to this a claw-dominant zone, in wh ... | 1991 | 1761751 |
| rabies, raccoons, and suburbs. | 1991 | 1767787 | |
| fish size and habitat depth relationships in headwater streams. | surveys of 262 pools in 3 small streams in eastern tennessee demonstrated a strong positive relationship between pool depth and the size of the largest fish within a pool (p<0.001). similarly, the largest colonizers of newly-created deep pools were larger than the colonizers of shallow pools. we explored the role of predation risk in contributing to the "bigger fish - deeper habitat" pattern, which has been noted by others, by conducting five manipulative field experiments in two streams. three ... | 1991 | 28313259 |
| synaptic potentials evoked by convergent somatosensory and corticocortical inputs in raccoon somatosensory cortex: substrates for plasticity. | 1. "unmasking" of weak synaptic connections has been suggested as a mechanism for the early changes in cortical topographic maps that follow alterations of sensory activity. for such a mechanism to operate, convergent sensory inputs must already exist in the normal cortex. 2. we tested for topographic and cross-modality convergence in primary somatosensory cortex of raccoon. the representation of glabrous skin of forepaw digits was chosen because, even though it is dominated by inputs from the g ... | 1991 | 1753280 |
| rabies, raccoons, and suburbs. | 1991 | 1945137 | |
| the raccoon lateral cervical nucleus: a single-unit analysis. | 1. properties of 90 lateral cervical nucleus (lcn) neurons responsive to light tactile stimulation of ipsilateral body surfaces were examined in pentobarbital sodium-anesthetized raccoons. peripheral receptive fields (rfs) of 60 of these lay totally or partially on glabrous skin of the forepaw. there were 71 neurons antidromically activated from the contralateral thalamic ventro-basal complex (vb) or medial lemniscus. results were compared with previous findings in the raccoon spinocervical trac ... | 1991 | 1875250 |
| long-term enhancement of evoked potentials in raccoon somatosensory cortex following co-activation of the nucleus basalis of meynert complex and cutaneous receptors. | long-term enhancement of the evoked potential was induced in the primary somatosensory cortex of anaesthetized raccoons after mechanical stimulation of the skin was paired with electrical stimulation of the nucleus basalis of meynert (nbm). sets of 4 pulses, 0.5 ms duration at 300 hz were delivered at 2-s intervals to the basal forebrain 80 ms before the glabrous skin on the 4th digit of the contralateral forepaw was stimulated mechanically. the average waveform of 30 evoked potentials was separ ... | 1991 | 1860051 |
| [the brain of the raccoon (procyon lotor) in stereotactic coordinates]. | on the basis of nissl-preparations the brain of the raccoon (procyon lotor) has been mapped cytoarchitectonically. 17 frontal sections through the brain are illustrated with coordinates. therewith exists a stereotaxic atlas of the raccoon brain and one can realize exactly experimental investigations in the different brain structures. | 1991 | 1821416 |
| chronic effects of total or partial digit denervation on raccoon somatosensory cortex. | electrophysiological recordings were made in the primary somatosensory cortex of anesthetized raccoons 14 to 169 days following digit amputation or 60 to 129 days after transection of the two nerves innervating the ventral surface of the fourth digit. the incidence of inhibitory responses decreased from 50% of the penetrations immediately after amputation to 35% over the first 3 weeks and to almost zero after 2 months. the number of sites with low-threshold excitatory responses increased from 4% ... | 1991 | 1767618 |
| estrogen-based aversion to eggs among free-ranging raccoons. | nightly video records of uniquely marked free-ranging raccoons (procyon lotor) established the events leading to and resulting from estrogen-induced conditioned taste aversion (cta) to eggs. observations of animals voluntarily consuming eggs indicated that: (1) some raccoons in the population were more active egg predators than were others and so were the most likely to be treated; (2) a few eggs injected with 30 mg of estrogen were less effective in inducing egg avoidance than were larger numbe ... | 1992 | 27759267 |
| from the centers for disease control. extension of the raccoon rabies epizootic--1992. | 1992 | 1527865 | |
| morphologic and immunoperoxidase study of neurologic lesions in naturally acquired rabies of raccoons. | histopathologic (hematoxylin and eosin [he]) and immunoperoxidase (streptavidin-biotin complex) methods were used for examination of formalin-fixed tissues of rabid raccoons from an enzootic area of pennsylvania. extensive morphologic lesions of rabies encephalitis were present in the cerebrum and the brain stem regions. negri bodies were detected by both methods and were present in the brain (cerebral cortex, hippocampus, brain stem, cerebellum, and cervical spinal cord) and in the ganglia of t ... | 1992 | 1333813 |
| extension of the raccoon rabies epizootic--united states, 1992. | raccoon rabies, epizootic among raccoons in the southeastern and mid-atlantic states, has become an increasingly important problem in the northeastern united states. the extension of the epizootic was largely responsible for the 43% increase in the total number of reported cases of animal rabies in the united states from 1990 (4881) to 1991 (6975). in 1991, 3079 cases of rabies in raccoons were reported, the largest number reported in the history of animal surveillance in the united states. this ... | 1992 | 1513301 |
| epidemiology of raccoon rabies in virginia, 1984 to 1989. | geographical and temporal trends in reports of rabid raccoons (procyon lotor) in virginia were summarized for 1984 to 1989; 3,256 raccoons were submitted for rabies testing, of which 1,053 (32.3%) had rabies. both the absolute number of rabid raccoons and the percent of rabid raccoons (number rabid divided by number submitted) were examined for seasonal and yearly trends. geographically, the epidemic moved eastward and southward in the state. the seasonal trend showed bimodal peaks in late winte ... | 1992 | 1512868 |
| convergent inputs to single neurons in two different subdivisions of somatosensory forepaw digit cortex of the raccoon. | the aim of this study was to compare the physiological properties of single neurons in the glabrous (g) and heterogeneous (h) subdivisions of primary somatosensory digit 3 cortex of adult raccoons. extracellular recordings were obtained from 50 g neurons whose receptive fields (rfs) were confined to the glabrous skin of a digit, and 41 h neurons whose rfs were located on hairy skin, claws, or mixtures of skin types. both electrical and mechanical stimulation of the digits were used to assess exc ... | 1992 | 1735470 |
| [hunting with traps with regard to animal welfare, species protection and safety]. | the present paper critically examines the subject of huntsmanlike hunting with traps as it is practiced in the federal republic of germany. in this context, consideration is given to the aspects of protection of animals, protection of species and safety for people and domestic animals. hunting with traps is regarded a necessary element within the legal duties of game preservation. basically, the focus is placed on efficient hunting of predatory animals that are mainly active at night such as fox ... | 1992 | 1555511 |
| neuronal response properties within subregions of raccoon somatosensory cortex 1 week after digit amputation. | multiple penetrations in the somatosensory cortex of three anesthetized raccoons 1 week following amputation of the fourth digit provided detailed information about somatotopy and neuronal responsiveness in the deafferented cortex. recordings in a total of 601 penetrations (292 in deafferented cortex and 309 in the surrounding cortex) were compared with those from intact control animals described previously (rasmusson et al., 1991). the level of spontaneous activity increased within the deaffere ... | 1992 | 1492528 |
| trap-vaccinate-release and oral vaccination for rabies control in urban skunks, raccoons and foxes. | two rabies control tactics, trap-vaccinate-release (t-v-r) and oral vaccination were used for the control of rabies in skunks (mephitis mephitis), raccoons (procyon lotor), and foxes (vulpes vulpes) in metropolitan toronto, canada. using t-v-r, a mean of 45% to 72% (95% confidence limits of 40% to 81%) of the skunks and a mean of 17% to 68% (95% confidence limits of 14% to 76%) of the raccoons in a 60 km2 area of toronto were vaccinated against rabies between 1987 and 1991. the area has been fre ... | 1992 | 1474654 |
| cone photopigments in nocturnal and diurnal procyonids. | procyonids are small, new world carnivores distributed among some 6 genera. electroretinogram (erg) flicker photometry was used to measure the spectra of the cone photopigments for members of two nocturnal species, the raccoon (procyon lotor) and the kinkajou (potos flavus), and a diurnal species, the coati (nasua nasua). each of the 3 has a class of cone photopigment with maximum sensitivity in the middle to long wavelengths. the spectral positioning of this cone is different for the three. whe ... | 1992 | 1447724 |
| a serosurvey of swine and free-living species on iowa farms for antibodies against encephalomyocarditis virus. | swine and free-living nonporcine species from 20 iowa swine farms were surveyed for antibodies against encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv). the microtitration serum neutralization test was used, and antibody titers >/= 1:8 were considered positive. the overall prevalence in 267 sows in various groups was 37.8% (range 20-86%). the prevalence in sows maintained in total confinement was significantly lower than in sows not maintained in total confinement (p = 0.01). prevalence in sows was not associa ... | 1992 | 17424088 |
| helminth parasites of the raccoon (procyon lotor) from north-central arkansas. | twenty-three species of helminths (4 trematodes, 2 cestodes, 14 nematodes, and 3 acanthocephalans) were found in the gastrointestinal tract, lungs, pancreas, tongue, urinary bladder, and subcutaneous tissues of 30 live-trapped or hunter-shot raccoons from north-central arkansas between november 1989 and april 1990. helminths were not detected in the brain, diaphragm, gallbladder, heart, liver, reproductive system, or trachea. each raccoon examined was infected with 3 or more of the following hel ... | 1992 | 1738063 |
| the basal forebrain cholinergic system in the raccoon. | the distribution of neurons displaying choline acetyltransferase (chat) immunoreactivity was examined in the raccoon basal forebrain using a rabbit antiserum and a monoclonal antibody. alternating sections were used for nissl staining. chat-positive neurons were arranged in a continuous mass extending from the medial septum to the caudal pole of the pallidum. based upon spatial relations to fibre tracts, the clustering of neuronal groups, and cytological criteria, the basal forebrain magnocellul ... | 1992 | 1282324 |
| concomitant cryptosporidia, coronavirus and parvovirus infection in a raccoon (procyon lotor). | a juvenile raccoon (procyon lotor) was found moribund near fort collins, colorado (usa). upon examination, the raccoon was dehydrated, had a mucopurulent oculonasal discharge and diarrhea, and was euthanized. postmortem examination revealed emaciation, severe fibrinous gastroenteritis and a small, firm liver. histopathological findings included blunting of villi, infiltration of lamina propria with neutrophils and plasma cells, and mild bronchopneumonia. cryptosporidium sp. was demonstrated on i ... | 1992 | 1312645 |
| the cuneate nucleus in the rat does have an anatomically distinct middle region. | recently obtained anatomical evidence supports the division of the rat cuneate nucleus (cn) into three rostrocaudal regions, with the middle region receiving a disproportionately greater share of the primary sensory input. the cn in the rat conforms to the basic rostrocaudal cn pattern described in other mammals, including cat, monkey and raccoon. | 1992 | 1383882 |
| experimental oral administration of canine adenovirus (type 2) to raccoons (procyon lotor). | canine adenovirus type 2 (cav2) has been proposed for recombinant vaccines to control rabies in wild animals. to evaluate the suitability of cav2 as a safe vector for the genetically engineered vaccines, seven wild-caught raccoons (three males and four females) were administered cav2 per os. two of the animals were euthanatized on each of post-infection days 3, 6, and 14, and one was euthanatized on day 21. two other control raccoons (a male and a female) were also euthanatized on day 21. micros ... | 1992 | 1448897 |
| consideration of inactivated rabies vaccines as oral immunogens of wild carnivores. | an experimental beta-propiolactone (bpl)-inactivated rabies virus vaccine was evaluated for the oral immunization of captive raccoons (procyon lotor) and red foxes (vulpes vulpes). none of 10 red foxes administered a single 1.0 ml dose of bpl-inactivated rabies virus vaccine (pm strain; 100 or 500 micrograms protein) per os developed detectable anti-rabies virus-neutralizing antibodies (vna) at any time over 8 wk of observation. foxes were excluded from further study. in two different groups of ... | 1992 | 1474662 |
| rabies surveillance in the united states during 1991. | in 1991, 49 states, the district of columbia, and puerto rico reported 6,972 cases of rabies in nonhuman animals and 3 cases in human beings to the centers for disease control. ninety-one percent (6,354 cases) were wild animals, whereas 8.9% (618 cases) were domestic species. the total number of reported cases of rabies increased 42.9% over that of 1990 (4,881 cases), with most of the increase resulting from continued spread of the epizootic of rabies in raccoons in the mid-atlantic and northeas ... | 1992 | 1483899 |
| benefits and costs of using an orally absorbed vaccine to control rabies in raccoons. | in november 1989, the epizootic of rabies affecting raccoons in the mid-atlantic states reached new jersey. an economic evaluation was conducted in 2 counties first affected by the epizootic to estimate the costs of the epizootic and to assess the costs and benefits of orally administering a newly developed recombinant rabies vaccine to prevent further spread of the disease. data on expenditures associated with prevention of rabies in human beings and domestic animals and laboratory testing of s ... | 1992 | 1483905 |