Publications

mansonella ozzardi: a redescription with comments on its taxonomic relationships.	mansonella ozzardi is redescribed from adult worms collected from the subcutaneous tissues of patas monkeys (erythrocebus patas) infected with a haitian strain of the filaria. the worms are small and very slender; females measure about 49 mm in length by 0.15 mm in diameter and males, 26 by 0.07 mm. haitian (caribbean) and colombian (amazon) forms of the filaria are morphologically identical, as are their microfilariae. mansonella is most closely related to tetrapetalonema. based on taxonomic pr ...	1982	6756178
pseudorabies virus infection in raccoons: a review.	pseudorabies is a rarely reported disease of raccoons. laboratory and field evidence of prv infection suggests the raccoon is a "dead end" host with little opportunity for raccoon-to-raccoon spread of virus. all reported field cases have been associated closely with infected swine and swine have been considered the source of the raccoon infection. the clinical signs of prv in raccoons closely resembles those of canine distemper and rabies virus infections. infection with the latter viruses are c ...	1982	6285008
prevalence of eggs of baylisascaris procyonis (nematoda:ascaroidea) in raccoon scats from an urban and a rural community.	twenty-six of 97 (27%) scats from raccoons (procyon lotor) in an urban area and 37 of 121 (31%) scats from raccoons collected in a rural area of indiana during october and november of 1980 contained eggs of baylisascaris procyonis, an ascarid of animal health significance. raccoons that were livetrapped from the same areas had similar prevalences of b. procyonis eggs in their feces. therefore, monitoring the prevalence of b. procyonis in raccoon populations by analyzing scats appeared to be feas ...	1982	6891409
discovery of naturally infected raccoon dog, (nyctereutes procyonoides gray) wild animal reservoir host of leishmaniasis in china.		1982	6814844
canine parvovirus infection in housed raccoon dogs and foxes in finland.	an outbreaks of severe enteritis occurred among young raccoon dogs on fur farms in eastern finland. post mortem examinations revealed gross and microscopic lesions which were typical of parvovirus infections described in cats, mink and dogs. the intestine was dilatated, oedematous and the normal villi were significantly reduced. a parvovirus was isolated from faeces and found to resemble canine parvovirus by its ability to haemagglutinate pig erythrocytes at ph 7.2 and its antigenic properties. ...	1982	7101696
sarcocystis and other coccidia in foxes and other wild carnivores from montana.	sarcocystis spp sporocysts were found in feces of 10.1% of 198 red foxes (vulpes vulpes), in 3.2% of 61 bobcats (lynx rufus), in 16.6% of 12 mountain lions (felis concolor), in 16.6% of 6 fisher (martes pennanti), and in none of 20 wolverines (gulo gulo), 4 mink (mustela vison), or 10 raccoons (procyon lotor). sarcocystis muris and toxoplasma gondii were not found in laboratory mice inoculated with feces of bobcats and mountain lions.	1982	6816776
[two european spirometra forms (cestoidea: diphyllobothriidae) with different sparganum growth factors].	european spirometra forms corresponding to s. erinaceieuropaei in morphology, host specificity and periodical destrobilation were tested for a sparganum growth factor (sgf "mansonoides") acting upon hypophysectomized male rats. a polish form as well as thai and burmese forms did not show a sgf "mansonoides". the polish form partially caused increased growth in normal laboratory mice (similar to a form from thailand) and in cricetulus griseus (sgf "non-mansonoides", restricted by host resistance) ...	1982	7081763
the polar lipids from keratinized tissues of some vertebrates.	1. the lipids from a variety of keratinized tissues from terrestrial vertebrates were extracted with chloroform:methanol and the nonpolar and saponifiable lipids were removed. the composition of the remaining polar lipids was examined by thin layer chromatography and color reactions. 2. the tissues studied included: hair from a monkey (macacca fascicularis), dog (canis familiaris), raccoon (procyon lotor) and cow (bos taurus); full-thickness epidermis from a pig (sus scrofa) and pilot whale (glo ...	1982	7172624
baylisascaris procyonis and eimerian infections in raccoons.	twenty-eight raccoons from columbus, ohio, were surveyed for intestinal parasites. baylisascaris procyonis was found in 7, trichurid eggs in 2, capillarid eggs in 8, trichostrongyloid eggs in 9, and eimeria procyonis oocysts in 23. meronts, gamonts, and oocysts of e procyonis were found in epithelial cells at the tips of the villi of small intestine. meronts were 7 x 5.5 microns and contained 4 to 10 merozoites which were 5 x 1.5 microns. male gamonts were 15.5 x 11.7 microns and contained numer ...	1982	7174446
cerebrospinal nematodiasis and visceral larva migrans in an australian (latham's) brush turkey.	cerebrospinal nematodiasis and visceral larva migrans were diagnosed in an australian (latham's) brush turkey (alectura lathami) that died at the indianapolis zoo following a progressive neurologic disease. histologically, multifocal areas of malacia, necrosis, and inflammation were seen in sections of cerebrum, cerebellum, and midbrain; lesions were most severe in the cerebellum. a large granuloma in a lung contained cross sections of a large ascarid larva identified as baylisascaris. the cns l ...	1982	7174447
sarcocystis of deer in south dakota.	the prevalence of sarcocystis in white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) and mule deer (o. hemionus) in south dakota was determined through microscopic examination of tongue samples. the percentage of sarcocystis infection for both species of deer was determined for prairies east of the missouri river, west of the missouri river, and black hills of western south dakota. sixteen percent (n = 62) of the white-tailed deer tongues from east river, 69% (n = 42) from west river, and 74% (n = 23) fr ...	1982	6808161
the anterior border zones of primary somatic sensory (s1) neocortex and their relation to cerebral convolutions, shown by micromapping of peripheral projections to the region of the fourth forepaw digit representation in raccoons.	in raccoons the somatic sensory neocortex is greatly expanded, with separate gyral crowns devoted to and intervening sulci separating, sensory representations of separate body parts, most strikingly those of the volar surfaces of individual forepaw digits. most of the cortex in this region is buried in widely ramifying sulcal walls, wherein sensory projections have not been studied. we have determined mechanosensory projections to the fourth digit representation region including all neighboring ...	1982	6808416
serologic evidence of jamestown canyon and keystone virus infection in vertebrates of the delmarva peninsula.	serological data accumulated during the past decade indicated that a variety of feral and domestic animals of the delaware-maryland-virginia (delmarva) peninsula were infected with jamestown canyon (jc) and/or keystone (key) viruses (bunyaviridae, california serogroup). neutralizing (n) antibody to jc virus was most prevalent in white-tailed deer, sika deer, cottontail rabbits and horses. key virus n antibody was detected most frequently in gray squirrels and domestic goats. n antibody indicativ ...	1982	7149110
isolation of mycoplasmas from experimental ferrets (mustela putorius).	a total of 21 apparently healthy experimental ferrets, 8 males and 13 females, comprizing 1, 2 and 3 year-old animals were examined for mycoplasmatales. mycoplasmas were isolated from 17 samples of 21 oral cavities (81.0%), and from 2 of 21 nasal cavities (9.5%), but not from the prepuce or vagina of the animals. neither ureaplasma nor acholeplasma was demonstrated in any of the locations of the ferrets examined. these mycoplasma strains proved to metabolize glucose but not arginine and urea. th ...	1982	7169088
chromosomal analysis of the japanese raccoon dog based on the g- and c-banding techniques.		1982	7169725
coonhound paralysis. further clinical studies and electron microscopic observations.	prior study of coonhound paralysis (chp) revealed an acute polyradiculoneuritis in raccoon-hunting dogs with clinical and pathologic features resembling those of guillain-barré syndrome (gbs). in the present series of five cases, the clinical features were investigated with emphasis on electrodiagnostic and csf findings, and pathologic changes were evaluated with both the light and electron microscope. the demonstration of motor nerve conduction delay and csf albuminocytologic dissociation in af ...	1982	7072488
development of tetrapetalonema llewellyni to the infective stage in culicoides hollensis.	the vector requirements and course of larval development for tetrapetalonema llewellyni price, 1962, a common filaria of raccoons in louisiana, are described for the first time. development (from microfilaria to infective stage) took place in the thoracic muscles of the biting midge, culicoides hollensis (melander and brues, 1902) foote and pratt, 1954, and required 9 days under laboratory conditions. the findings of this study suggest that species of culicoides may serve as natural vectors of t ...	1982	7077459
fatal cerebrospinal disease caused by baylisascaris procyonis in domestic rabbits.	infection with baylisascaris procyonis, the common roundworm of raccoons, was found to be the cause of an epizootic of fatal cns disease in domestic rabbits (oryctolagus cuniculus). clinical signs included torticollis, ataxia, tremors, and falling. gross lesions were limited to white, raised nodules (1 to 1.5 mm) on the epicardium, endocardium, and liver serosa, and they were found to be larval granulomas. microscopic lesions included multifocal myocarditis, multifocal hemorrhagic tracks and ass ...	1983	12002587
[experimental rabies in the raccoon dog].		1983	6666446
streptococcus suis type ii infection in a raccoon dog (nyctereutes procyonoides) family canidae.		1983	6665975
persistence of rabies antibody in free-ranging raccoons.	the immune status of a wildlife population to rabies virus probably influences the occurrences of epizootics among that species in a given geographical area. this is not to say that enzootic transmission of the virus will not occur, but rather that attainment of epizootic levels may be hampered through herd immunity. after an epizootic of rabies in a raccoon population in the fall of 1970, a serologic surveillance program was initiated from november 1970 through august 1974. the surveillance pro ...	1983	6619583
isolation of mycoplasma and ureaplasma species from raccoon dogs (nyctereutes procyonoides viverrinus).	mycoplasma spp. were isolated from five wild raccoon dogs (nyctereutes procyonoides viverrinus). on the basis of biochemical properties and serological tests, nine isolates were identified as mycoplasma edwardii and four were similar to a possibly new mycoplasma sp. represented by strain lm2 which is negative for both glucose fermentation and arginine hydrolysis. in addition, ureaplasmas were detected from these animals. ureaplasmas were compared serologically with ureaplasma strains isolated fr ...	1983	6631416
comparison of three subspecies of trichinella spiralis by scanning electron microscopy.	the surface morphology of three subspecies of trichinella spiralis was examined by sem in an attempt to find characteristics useful for distinguishing the subspecies. the subspecies studied were t. spiralis spiralis, which had been maintained in swine and laboratory animals for about 50 yr; t. spiralis nativa collected from ursus maritimus at 58 degrees n latitude and 95 degrees w longitude in 1976; and, t. spiralis pseudospiralis, which was derived from the original isolation of this subspecies ...	1983	6674461
experimental cerebrospinal nematodiasis due to baylisascaris procyonis in chickens.	avian cerebrospinal nematodiasis was studied in chickens experimentally inoculated with infective eggs of baylisascaris procyonis of raccoon origin. birds each received 3,200, 1,600, 800, 400, 200, or 0 eggs, one dose per group of 10 birds. central nervous system (cns) disease developed in 17 of the 50 infected birds. birds receiving the higher dosages exhibited the worst clinical signs, had higher mortality rates, lived for shorter duration, and had the most severe brain lesions. onset of cns d ...	1983	6682655
infectivity of isolates of trichinella and the ability of an arctic isolate to survive freezing temperatures in the raccoon, procyon lotor, under experimental conditions.	the objectives of this study were to determine if the raccoon was a useful experimental animal for infections of trichinella and to determine if the ability of trichinella to survive freezing conditions, known to occur in wild animals, could be duplicated under laboratory conditions. the isolates of trichinella used in this study were from pigs, polar bear, wolverine, arctic fox and t. spiralis var. pseudospiralis originally isolated from a raccoon in the ussr. the raccoon was found to be a usef ...	1983	6644931
tactile receptor discharge and mechanical properties of glabrous skin.	current knowledge of the functional properties of mammalian cutaneous mechanoreceptors is reviewed with special reference to receptors associated with the glabrous skin of the raccoon and squirrel monkey hand. four physiologically defined mechanoreceptor types are recognized: pacinian afferents, rapidly adapting (ra), and slowly adapting type i (sai), and slowly adapting type ii (saii). the sai category is divided into moderately slowly adapting and very slowly adapting (vsa) types in terms of t ...	1983	6852270
comparison of primary skunk brain and kidney and raccoon kidney cells with established cell lines for isolation and propagation of street rabies virus.	cell cultures prepared from skunk kidney, raccoon kidney, and skunk brain were compared with cer, murine neuroblastoma (c1300, clone na), baby hamster kidney (bhk-21, s-13), and dog kidney (mdck) cell lines for virus isolation and propagation of street and fixed rabies virus. the skunk brain cells were suitable for efficient replication of all the virus isolates. they were comparable to cer and murine neuroblastoma cells for virus isolation and propagation. none of the other cell cultures was sa ...	1983	6885165
spirochetes in ixodes dammini and mammals from connecticut.	spirochetes were observed in the midguts of 35% of 147 motile ixodes dammini from three locations in lyme and east haddam, connecticut. positive ticks were removed from eastern chipmunks (tamias striatus), raccoons (procyon lotor), white-footed mice (peromyscus leucopus), and a red squirrel (tamiasciurus hudsonicus). spirochetes were isolated in fortified kelly's medium from nine questing or partially engorged i. dammini adults and nymphs and from the bloods of a raccoon and a white-footed mouse ...	1983	6881431
thermoregulation of polecat and raccoon dog: a comparative study with stoat, mink and blue fox.	1. oxygen consumption (ml x kg0.75 per min) in relation to ambient temperature (ta) in the raccoon dog (nyctereutes procyonoides), polecat (mustela putorius), mink (mustela vison) and stoat (mustela erminea) is described by equations y = 14.2 - 0.23x, y = 26.3 - 0.47x, y = 26.9 - 0.33x and y = 39.0 - 1.06x, respectively. resting metabolic rate (rmr) of blue fox (alopex lagopus) could be measured only at thermoneutrality. 2. in polecats, calorigenic response to noradrenaline was about 40% above t ...	1983	6131765
hepatic biotransformation in farmed blue fox and raccoon dog.	in farmed raccoon dogs and blue foxes, the hepatic content of cytochrome p-450 and the activity of polysubstrate mono-oxygenase with benzo(a)pyrene and 7-ethoxycoumarin as substrates, as well as activity of udp glucuronosyltransferase were of the same order of magnitude as those in the laboratory rat. the amount of reduced glutathione tended to be higher in canids. there existed differences in the biotransformation activities between raccoon dogs from different farms. these cannot, however, be s ...	1983	6139261
response of mink, skunk, red fox and raccoon to inoculation with mink virus enteritis, feline panleukopenia and canine parvovirus and prevalence of antibody to parvovirus in wild carnivores in ontario.	mink virus enteritis, feline panleukopenia and canine parvovirus-2 were inoculated separately into groups of raccoon, mink, red fox and striped skunk. raccoons were highly susceptible to mink virus enteritis and feline panleukopenia, with animals developing clinical illness, and several dying within six to ten days of inoculation with lesions typical of parvovirus infection. both viruses were shed in high titre in the feces of infected raccoons, and high antibody titres were stimulated. raccoons ...	1983	6309349
pseudorabies: experimental studies in raccoons with different virus strains.	raccoons (procyon lotor) were infected by the nasal/oral route with as little as 10(2) plaque forming units (pfu) of pseudorabies virus (prv). there was no apparent difference in the susceptibility of raccoons to infection with either of two virulent field strains or with the naturally avirulent k strain which has been used in modified live virus vaccines. each of these three viruses was transmitted by contact to uninfected raccoons. all raccoons that were infected with virulent field strains di ...	1983	6315973
lyme disease spirochetes and ixodid tick spirochetes share a common surface antigenic determinant defined by a monoclonal antibody.	ixodid tick-associated spirochetes have been implicated as the etiological agents of lyme disease. we raised a murine monoclonal antibody (h5332) against a spirochete, strain b31, isolated from ixodes dammini ticks. in indirect immunofluorescence assays and western blot analyses, h5332 reacted with whole cells or isolated components of not only strain b31 but also spirochetes isolated from ixodes ricinus ticks, a field mouse, a raccoon, and patients with lyme disease. in contrast, h5332 did not ...	1983	6192088
antigenic structure and variation of canine parvovirus type-2, feline panleukopenia virus, and mink enteritis virus.	the antigenic structure and variation of canine parvovirus type-2 (cpv), feline panleukopenia virus (fpv), mink enteritis virus (mev), and a closely related virus of raccoons (rpv) was investigated using a panel of 13 monoclonal antibodies (mab) formed against cpv and 8 mab formed against fpv. each mab both neutralized and inhibited the hemagglutination of the homologous virus. all mab tested immunoprecipitated the two capsid proteins. five mab were specific for the cpv isolates and one reacted ...	1983	6194613
failure to transmit sarcocystis species from ox, sheep, goats, moose, elk, and mule deer to raccoons.		1983	6408956
immediate effects of digit amputation on si cortex in the raccoon: unmasking of inhibitory fields.	immediately after removal of one digit, inhibitory receptive fields were revealed in the affected part of somatosensory cortex. these were usually seen as 'off' responses if only a short, tapping stimulus is used. over the course of several weeks, these inhibitory responses disappear and are replaced by excitatory responses. these changes are seen with both alpha-chloralose and barbiturate anesthesia.	1983	6661627
ocular, naso-maxillary, and neural anomalies in raccoons, procyon lotor (l.).	congenital ocular and related anomalies were studied in two unrelated young raccoons. one animal was anophthalmic and had severe anomalies of the central nervous system, consisting of meningoencephalocele, pachygyria, hydranencephaly, cerebellar cavitation, syringomyelia, and other defects. a second animal was microphthalmic with congenital defects of the nose, maxilla and teeth. ocular lesions were severe and included chorioretinal coloboma, retinal folds, disorganized neuroectodermal cell laye ...	1983	6417348
the connections of cortical somatosensory areas i and ii with separate nuclei in the ventroposterior thalamus in the raccoon.	the thalamocortical afferents to cortical somatosensory areas i (si) and ii (sii) were investigated in the raccoon using the horseradish peroxidase technique. the purpose of this study was to determine if the cell bodies of origin for thalamocortical afferents to these cortical regions were localized in the same or different nuclei in the ventroposterior region of the thalamus. horseradish peroxidase was injected into subdivisions of si or sii and after post-injection survival periods of 12-72 h ...	1983	6843822
contralateral as well as ipsilateral projections to raccoon cerebellum from external cuneate nuclei and cell groups f and x.	to assess the locations and densities of cells in the dorsal medulla giving rise to ipsilateral versus contralateral projections to the mechanosensory regions of cerebellar cortex in the anterior lobe and paramedian lobule, these cortical regions were injected unilaterally with horseradish peroxidase in each of 5 raccoons. to show injection sites and retrogradely labelled cells in the medulla, sections through the medulla and the cerebellum, in at least two different planes for each, were reacte ...	1983	6667370
mechanosensory projections to cuneate, gracile, and external cuneate nuclei in a tree squirrel (fox squirrel, sciurus niger).	the distribution and organization of mechanosensory projections to the cuneate, gracile and external cuneate nuclei were mapped in tree squirrels anesthetized with ketamine and urethane. tungsten microelectrodes were used to record unit and unit cluster responses to mechanical stimulation. most responses in the gracile nucleus were to stimulation of skin and hairs of the tail, hind foot and leg, and trunk, in that order going from dorsal to ventral in the nucleus. a similar distribution of respo ...	1983	6308501
update: raccoon rabies--mid-atlantic states.		1983	6403823
longevity of pharyngostomoides procyonis (strigeoidea: diplostomatidae) in the raccoon, procyon lotor.		1984	6470891
time-dependent changes in the functional organization of somatosensory cerebral cortex following digit amputation in adult raccoons.	surgical removal of the third forepaw digit in raccoons causes both long-term and short-term changes in functional organization within the digit 3 primary somatosensory (smi) cortex. previous studies have shown that 36-52 weeks following amputation in infant raccoons, neurons within the digit 3 cortical territory had become responsive to cutaneous stimulation of "new" forepaw regions adjoining the digit stump (carson et al., 1981; kelahan et al., 1980, 1981); the "novel" receptive fields (rfs) w ...	1984	6505463
electrophysiology of raccoon cuneocerebellar neurons.	electrophysiological experiments were undertaken in order to locate and functionally characterize cells of the raccoon main cuneate nucleus (mcn) that can be activated by electrical stimulation of the cerebellum. a total of 98 such units were studied in pentobarbital sodium-anesthetized, methoxyflurane-anesthetized, or decerebrate preparations. aside from a greater likelihood of resting discharge in the decerebrate preparations, no appreciable variability in physiological properties of the neuro ...	1984	6494666
autoimmune hemolytic anemia in a raccoon.		1984	6511598
morphologic evidence for fiber sorting in the fasciculus cuneatus.	this report describes the medullary course and projection patterns of cervical dorsal root nerve fibers in five mammalian species (bushbaby, tree squirrel, raccoon, potoroo, and brush-tailed possum). after cutting a single cervical dorsal root and allowing appropriate postoperative survival, we studied serial, fink-heimer impregnated sections of the medulla from each individual to locate degenerated afferent fibers and endings. fibers from those rostral (c2) or caudal (c8) cervical roots studied ...	1984	6745379
differential distribution by size of layer v pyramidal neurons in raccoon (procyon lotor) sensorimotor cortex.		1984	6236714
lymphosarcoma in a raccoon, procyon lotor (l.).		1984	6547489
raccoon-like periorbital leukoderma from contact with swim goggles.	a 12-year-old girl developed a periorbital leukoderma from contact with swim goggles. she had worn the same goggles the preceding year and re-used them after the leukoderma had cleared without any ill effects. the hypopigmentation was believed to be caused by the leakage of breakdown products in the neoprene rubber or glue. these breakdown products may have caused a toxic rather than an allergic reaction on skin contact, inhibiting melanin production possibly by competitive inhibition of tyrosin ...	1984	6713847
distribution of metals in tissues of beaver, raccoon and otter from ontario, canada.	mercury and selenium concentrations were positively correlated in liver tissue of beaver, raccoon and otter from an undisturbed watershed in south central ontario. selenium accumulation in piscivorous mammals may represent a protective mechanism against methylmercury toxicity to animals exposed to high mercury levels in their diet. this paper also reports the levels of several other metals in tissues of three wild fur-bearing mammal species.	1984	6710135
serologic survey for selected viruses in a population of raccoons, procyon lotor (l.), in the great smoky mountains.		1984	6330384
rotavirus-associated diarrhea in young raccoons (procyon lotor), striped skunks (mephitis mephitis) and red foxes (vulpes vulpes).	electron microscopy and a commercial elisa test for rotavirus antigen were used to diagnose rotavirus infection in diarrheic raccoons (procyon lotor), striped skunks (mephitis mephitis) and red foxes (vulpes vulpes). gross and histopathological changes in two raccoons and two red foxes were found to be very similar to those described previously in rotavirus mediated diarrhea in other animals. while an etiology for the diarrhea is not definitively established, it would appear to involve rotavirus ...	1984	6330385
seasonal changes in thermoregulation of the raccoon dog (nyctereutes procyonoides gray 1834).	oxygen consumption (ml x kg-0.75/min) in relation to ambient temperature (ta) in the raccoon dog whelps at the ages of 7-9 weeks and 17-19 weeks is described by equations y = 32.9-0.69x and y = 26.2-0.49x, respectively. the corresponding equations to adults in summer and winter pelages are y = 19.6-0.46x and y = 14.5-0.32x, respectively. the cooling constant (min-1) of deceased raccoon dogs decreased exponentially with increasing body mass, while m-0.75 specific heat transfer coefficient (w x kg ...	1984	6142791
somatosensory thalamocortical connections in the raccoon: an hrp study.	in the north american raccoon (procyon lotor), representations of the glabrous surfaces of the hand digits are found within separate subnuclei of the thalamic ventrobasal complex (vb) and on separate subgyri of the somatosensory cortex (smi). in the present study, the retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase from smi to vb was utilized to study relationships between physiologically identified cortical subgyri and somatotopically corresponding thalamic subnuclei. single large or multiple sm ...	1984	6432861
geographic distribution of humans, raccoons, and white-footed mice with antibodies to lyme disease spirochetes in connecticut.	an indirect immunofluorescence test was used during 1982-1983 to identify antibodies to lyme disease spirochetes in humans, white-footed mice, and raccoons. serologic tests detected igm or total ig antibodies in serum samples from 67 persons. onset of illness, as marked by erythema chronicum migrans (ecm), occurred mainly during july and august. the majority of the persons with lyme disease lived in south central and southeastern connecticut. analyses also verified prior spirochetal infections i ...	1984	6516459
antigenic characteristics of isolates associated with a new epizootic of raccoon rabies in the united states.	a panel of 23 monoclonal antibodies to the nucleocapsid protein of rabies virus was used to study the antigenic character of isolates of rabies virus from raccoons in the mid-atlantic region of the united states. comparison of the reaction pattern of these isolates with that of isolates of rabies virus collected from areas of major rabies outbreaks (skunk rabies in the midwestern united states, fox rabies in the northeastern united states, and raccoon rabies in the southeastern united states) su ...	1984	6539356
multifocal cerebellar cortical necrosis caused by canine distemper virus infection in a raccoon.		1984	6542559
brugia lepori sp. n. (filarioidea: onchocercidae) from rabbits (sylvilagus aquaticus, s. floridanus) in louisiana.	brugia lepori sp. n., a filarial nematode from the abdominal lymphatics and subcutaneous tissues of rabbits (sylvilagus aquaticus, s. floridanus), from st. tammany parish, louisiana, is described. brugia lepori is of moderate size (males 12 to 19 mm, females 39 to 45 mm) and within the genus most closely resembles brugia beaveri of the raccoon, from which it can be distinguished by its larger size, smaller spicules, and smaller microfilaria which has a shorter cephalic space. brugia lepori is on ...	1984	6502360
diagnostic features of zoonotic filariae in tissue sections.	the diagnostic features in tissue sections from patients with zoonotic filarial infections are reviewed. in general, two types of infections are recognized: 1) those presenting radiologically in healthy patients as coin lesions, which are usually removed because a clinical diagnosis of carcinoma of the lung is made and infarcts containing dirofilaria immitis parasites in pulmonary arteries are found; and 2) those presenting as subcutaneous nodules, in which d. tenuis, a parasite from raccoons, d ...	1984	6539296
raccoon ascarid larvae (baylisascaris procyonis) as a cause of ocular larva migrans.	larvae of the common raccoon roundworm, baylisascaris procyonis, are known causes of visceral larva migrans and cns disease in animals and human beings. in the present experiments we examined the ability of b. procyonis to cause ocular larva migrans (olm) in subhuman primates, as an indication of its possible ocular zoonotic importance. squirrel monkeys given 5,000 or 10,000 infective b. procyonis eggs per os and cynomolgus monkeys given 20,000 eggs had clinical and histologic evidence of olm, b ...	1984	6541214
jejunal obstruction due to baylisascaris procyonis in a raccoon.		1984	6542558
contralateral corticothalamic projections from area 6 in the raccoon.	contralateral corticothalamic projections from cytoarchitectonic area 6 in the raccoon were studied using the autoradiographic tracing technique. following injections of tritiated amino acids, accumulations of silver grains were present over both the ipsilateral and contralateral ventral medial, central lateral, paracentral, central medial, parafascicular and mediodorsal thalamic nuclei. these nuclei are also known to receive a number bilateral subcortical motor inputs. the additional presence o ...	1984	6733457
the raccoon dog (nyctereutes procyonoides) as definitive host for sarcocystis spp. of reindeer (rangifer tarandus).		1984	6441476
distribution of cerebellar mossy fibers arising from neurons of the raccoon main cuneate nucleus.	the present study demonstrates that fibers originating in the raccoon main cuneate nucleus are not segregated in specific cortical regions of target cerebellar folia as reported in studies of the cat cuneocerebellar tract. this observation supports the hypothesis that exteroceptive and proprioceptive divisions of the raccoon cuneocerebellar tract do not exist as distinct structural entities. the findings of this study do not preclude the possibility that projections from the external and main cu ...	1984	6525506
diplostomulum of pharyngostomum cordatum in the muscle of a raccoon dog nyctereutes procyonoides.		1984	6482136
experimental infection of domestic swine with baylisascaris procyonis from raccoons.	six 8-week-old ascarid-naive pigs which were experimentally infected with 72,000 embryonated baylisascaris procyonis eggs of raccoon origin developed lesions limited to the intestines and liver. intestinal lesions consisted of multifocal areas of inflammation by macrophages, eosinophils, and lymphocytes in the mucosa and submucosa, in association with baylisascaris larvae; similar lesions were seen in the mesenteric lymph nodes. typical white, granulation type, multifocal interstitial hepatitis ...	1984	6742572
topography of neurons of the raccoon main cuneate nucleus with projections to the inferior colliculus.	the origin of the projection from the raccoon main cuneate nucleus to the inferior colliculus has been demonstrated by means of retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase. neurons of the polymorphic division of the main cuneate nucleus project to the inferior colliculus via the medial lemniscus. neurons projecting to the inferior colliculus are only found caudal to the obex and do not overlap significantly with the distribution of cuneocerebellar neurons as in the cat.	1984	6697178
distribution, prevalence and intensity of trichinella spiralis infection in furbearing mammals of pennsylvania.	tongues from 1,170 raccoons, 384 opossums, 201 muskrats, 168 foxes (red and grey), 51 skunks, and 17 mink from pennsylvania were examined for trichinella spiralis larvae by peptic digestion. the overall prevalence of t. spiralis infection was 3.2%, varying in the carnivores from 2.6% in raccoons to 15.1% in red foxes; no muskrats were infected. prevalence varied regionally, being higher west of the susquehanna river, where, in the ridge and valley province, it reached 9%. the larval densities va ...	1984	6387078
case 4. the first fatal baylisascaris infection in humans: an infant with eosinophilic meningoencephalitis.	baylisascaris procyonis, the ascarid of raccoons, causes a characteristic, rapidly fatal eosinophilic meningoencephalitis with ocular involvement in many naturally and experimentally infected aberrant hosts, including monkeys. warnings that humans are potentially susceptible to the devastating infection have been issued, but an instance in humans has not been recognized. this report describes a boy who died from an eosinophilic meningoencephalitis, which mimicked b. procyonis infection in monkey ...	1984	6542658
experimental transmission of the texas strain of hepatozoon canis.	nine dogs were fed hepatozoon canis-exposed rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks; 6 showed clinical signs suggestive of canine hepatozoonosis, and the parasite was found in sections of muscle tissue from 2 of the dogs. schizont-like cysts were found in the skeletal muscle of both infected dogs as were gametocytes in the circulating leucocytes. periosteal new-bone lesions were seen in 1 dog. attempts to infect a raccoon, 3 cats, 6 laboratory mice, and tick- or canine-cells in vitro, failed.	1984	6542719
canine distemper in wild raccoons (procyon lotor) at the metropolitan toronto zoo.	an outbreak of canine distemper, involving at least 23 wild raccoons, occurred at the metropolitan toronto zoo between may and august 1981. wild red foxes were not found with distemper and the disease did not occur in the captive collection. the main clinical signs were lethargy, bilateral purulent ocular discharge, dehydration and emaciation. the main pathological findings were generalized lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, and interstitial pneumonia. heavy infestations with intestinal nematodes (b ...	1984	17422359
organ scaling in the raccoon dog nyctereutes procyonoides gray 1834, as monitored by influences of internal and external factors.	1. animals fed a high energy ration had bigger body weight, and bigger heart, brain and genitals then animals fed a normal diet, but they had substantially smaller liver, kidneys, adrenals and thyroid glands than the otherwise smaller animals. restricted feeding did not necessarily produce smaller organ sizes than normal. 2. the yearly variation in organ sizes was astonishingly large whereas the sex differences were rather rare. 3. for organs like liver, kidneys and thyroid glands the conclusion ...	1985	14577411
trichinella spiralis in wild animals, cats, mice, rats and farmed fur animals in finland.	a total of 1 399 samples of wild animals, cats, mice, rats and fur animals were examined for trichinella larvae during the period 1.1.1982-30.6.1984. samples were obtained both from the problem area, were trichinella larvae had been found in pigs, and for comparison from the rest of finland. the frequency of the infection in wild carnivores, badgers, pine martens, raccoon dogs, foxes and wild mink was significantly higher in the problem area than in the rest of finland.	1985	4059043
growth and fur parameter variations of farmed raccoon dogs.	growth, body composition and hair coat parameter variations were evaluated in farmed raccoon dogs (nyctereutes procyonoides) reared in a conventional two animals -in-cage-system. daily rate of body weight gain (bwg) of litters very significantly (p less than 0.001) correlated with their time of birth (r = 0.879); the later in spring they were born the faster they gained weight. final body weight (fbw) of the whelps was to be predicted from their body weight (bw) in early august (r = 0.689). ther ...	1985	4084058
monoclonal antibodies to metacyclic stage antigens of trypanosoma cruzi.	hybridoma cell lines secreting monoclonal antibodies against the tulahuén strain of trypanosoma cruzi were produced by the fusion of sp2/o-ag 14 myeloma cells with spleen cells from mice immunized with irradiated metacyclic trypomastigotes. twenty of the monoclonals synthesized by the hybridomas were identified as igm, 2 as igg1, 10 as igg2a, 3 as igg2b, 4 as igg3, 1 as ige, and 1 as iga. twenty-three of these antibodies had kappa light chains and 18 showed delta chains. twelve of the monoclonal ...	1985	3927760
the distribution and topographical organization in the thalamus of anterogradely-transported horseradish peroxidase after spinal injections in cat and raccoon.	the distribution of anterogradely-transported horseradish peroxidase (hrp) was examined in the rostral mesencephalon and thalamus of cats and raccoons that had received injections of hrp in the cervical and/or lumbosacral enlargements of the spinal cord. labeling was consistently observed in a large number of loci. all regions previously identified as targets of spinomesencephalic or spinothalamic fibers were included. evidence of topographical organization was obtained in several regions. adjac ...	1985	3996495
corticostriate projections from area 6 in the raccoon.	corticostriate projections from area 6 in the raccoon were studied using the autoradiographic tracing method. following injections of tritiated amino acids into two different cytoarchitectonic subdivisions of area 6, widespread and dense anterograde label was found in both the ipsilateral and contralateral caudate nucleus and putamen. the densest label was located adjacent to the internal capsule in the lateral part of the head of the caudate nucleus. this bilateral projection pattern from area ...	1985	3996499
experimental la crosse virus infection of red fox (vulpes fulva), raccoon (procyon lotor), opossum (didelphis virginiana), and woodchuck (marmota monax).	susceptibility to infection, resulting viremia and antibody responses, and potential to provide infectious blood meals for aedes triseriatus were determined and compared for the red fox (vulpes fulva), raccoon (procyon lotor), and opossum (didelphis virginiana) exposed to la crosse (lac) virus transmitted by mosquitoes, ae. triseriatus. woodchucks (marmota monax) were infected with lac virus by needle and syringe. all 5 red foxes became viremic following the bite of a single lac virus-infected f ...	1985	4003669
the relationship of baylisascaris procyonis to illinois raccoons (procyon lotor).	the gastrointestinal tracts of 310 steel-trapped or hunter shot illinois raccoons (procyon lotor) were collected in november and december 1979 and 1980 and examined for the presence of baylisascaris procyonis (nematoda) in order to determine the prevalence and intensity of this ascarid and to note any differences with respect to host age and sex. the raccoons were classified as either juveniles (animals less than 1 yr old) or adults. the prevalence for all the raccoons examined was 81.9% and is ...	1985	4057003
the raccoon ascarid. a probable cause of human ocular larva migrans.	the ability of raccoon roundworm larvae, baylisascaris procyonis, to produce ocular larva migrans (olm) was studied in various experimental animals. in addition, the clinical and pathologic lesions were compared to those in suspected cases of human ocular baylisascariasis, in patients with diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis (dusn). ocular larva migrans was produced in squirrel monkeys, cynomolgus monkeys, mice, hamsters, grey squirrels, and woodchucks orally infected with b. procyonis eg ...	1985	4088627
rabies: a review and current approach for the clinician.	rabies is an acute viral encephalomyelitis with virtually a 100% case fatality rate. only three cases of human survival after rabies have been documented. the current epizootic of raccoon rabies in the united states centered over the south atlantic states mandates a working knowledge of rabies management and postexposure prophylaxis by health care professionals. recently, important advances in rapid and accurate diagnosis and improvements in homologous vaccines make rabies a preventable disease ...	1985	3901281
lipogenic hepatic enzyme activity of raccoon dogs (nyctereutes procyonoides) fed various diets.	body weight, obesity and liver weights of male raccoon dogs fed diets of various energy content were higher than those of females. with increasing body weight and obesity the liver weight and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (g-6-pd) decreased significantly in both sexes. the liver weight correlated very positively with the g-6-pd activity. the alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (alpha-gpd) correlated with the liver weight only in females.	1985	3967489
smooth muscle in the hepatic artery, portal vein and hepatic vein within the liver of the raccoon and guinea pig.	the amount and arrangement of smooth muscle in the intrahepatic vessels suggests that the guinea pig would be a good animal model for studying mechanisms controlling intrahepatic portal vein blood flow, while the raccoon would be good for studying hepatic vein mechanisms of control.	1985	3972073
prevalence of presumed dirofilaria tenuis microfilariae in raccoons near vero beach, florida.		1985	3981342
a descriptive epidemiological study of raccoon rabies in a rural environment.	a recent outbreak of rabies in raccoons, procyon lotor (l.), in loudoun county, virginia (1981-82), prompted a study of the epidemiology of the disease. parameters studied included the occurrence and movement of the disease over time, sex and age relationships, and behavior patterns of raccoons. during the 18 mo, 427 raccoons were tested, of which 75% were infected with rabies virus. interpretation of rainfall data and the subsequent spatial occurrence of infected raccoons within the county indi ...	1985	3999245
orthopoxvirus dna: a comparison of restriction profiles and maps.	characteristic dna endonuclease digest fragment electropherograms and restriction site maps permitted differentiation and genome structure analysis of 38 orthopoxviruses that included isolates of monkeypox virus from humans and animals, monkeypox white variants, variola, vaccinia, ectromelia, tatera (gerbil) and raccoon poxviruses, and cowpox and camelpox viruses. hindiii cleavage sites mapped on the 38 virus genome dnas plus smai, bgli, saci, kpni, xhoi, and sali maps for variola (harvey) and m ...	1985	2998003
brucella abortus in wildlife on selected cattle farms in alabama.	two studies of brucellosis in wildlife on farms where the brucellosis infection prevalence in cattle was known are reported. on a research farm, 233 feral animals of 22 mammalian species and 12 of seven avian species were trapped during three time periods. sixty were studied before cattle were introduced, 128 were studied while 501 cattle infected with brucella abortus were calving and aborting, and 60 specimens were collected 20 mo after the last infected cow calved. selected tissues from 229 w ...	1985	3923213
spotted fever group rickettsiae in immature and adult ticks (acari: ixodidae) from a focus of rocky mountain spotted fever in connecticut.	immature and adult ixodid ticks were collected during 1983 and 1984 in newtown, connecticut, an area endemic for rocky mountain spotted fever (rmsf), to determine prevalence of infection by spotted fever group (sfg) rickettsiae. direct fluorescent-antibody (fa) staining revealed sfg organisms in 6 (1.8%) of 332 dermacentor variabilis larvae, 5 (7.8%) of 64 d. variabilis nymphs, and in 2 (40%) of 5 ixodes cookei nymphs removed from small- and medium-sized mammals. hemolymph tests detected rickett ...	1985	3938341
experimental studies of st. louis encephalitis virus in vertebrates.	serologically negative birds and mammals of species, known from other studies to be exposed naturally to st. louis encephalitis (sle) virus in memphis, tennessee, and other selected species were inoculated experimentally with strains of sle virus to determine their potential as natural hosts. mosquitoes (culex sp.) were allowed to feed on some of the inoculated vertebrate species, held for 14 days, and tested for sle infection. the cardinals (richmondena cardinalis), robins (turdus migratorius), ...	1985	3999258
macracanthorhynchus ingens from a child in texas.	nine acanthocephala recovered over a two-month period from the stools of a 10-month-old child in texas were identified as macracanthorhynchus ingens, a common intestinal parasite of the raccoon, procyon lotor.	1985	4037182
rabies virus in salivary glands of raccoons (procyon lotor).		1985	4032628
fatal eosinophilic meningoencephalitis and visceral larva migrans caused by the raccoon ascarid baylisascaris procyonis.		1985	4039793
serologic surveillance for vesicular stomatitis virus on ossabaw island, georgia.	seventeen species of mammals and seven species of birds from ossabaw island, georgia, were tested for vesicular stomatitis (vs) neutralizing antibodies. seropositive results were restricted to mammals with six of 17 species testing seropositive for vs (new jersey type) neutralizing antibodies. seropositive species included: raccoons (procyon lotor), white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus), feral swine (sus scrofa), cattle (bos taurus), horses (equus caballus), and donkeys (equus asinus). all ...	1985	2987546
opioid modulation of ingestive behaviors in woodchucks and racoons.	we have examined the effect on feeding of opioid blockade with naloxone in two species which demonstrate a marked seasonality in their feeding patterns, the racoon (procyon lotor) and the woodchuck (marmota monax). naloxone suppressed food intake in the woodchuck which is a true hibernator. naloxone failed to suppress food intake in the racoon and, in fact, enhanced intake of a preferred sucrose solution. in the racoon, ir-dynorphine concentrations were extremely high in the hypothalamus compare ...	1985	2987986
experimental transmission of aleutian disease virus (adv) to different animal species.	two animals from each of 8 different species (mink, finn raccoon, cat, dog, ferret, blue fox, mouse and rabbit) were inoculated with the highly virulent utah i strain of adv. only the mink developed hypergammaglobulinemia. all animals produced antibodies to adv antigens, but with different titres. mink sera had much higher antibody titres than the other animal sera. antibodies to the adv-coded, non-structural polypeptide (p71) were found in mink, finn raccoons and dogs only. presence of this kin ...	1985	2994362
response to cold in the blue fox and raccoon dog as evaluated by metabolism, heart rate and muscular shivering: a re-evaluation.	oxygen consumption (ml kg-0.75/min) in relation to ambient air temperature at or below the lower critical temperature (tlc) of the winter-furred raccoon dog (+10 degrees c) and the blue fox (-6 degrees c) is described by the equations y = 14.8-0.28x and y = 7.5-0.20x, respectively. muscular shivering activity (integrated emg) of both species increased below thermoneutrality parallel with increasing oxygen uptake and heart rate. seasonal changes in measured metabolic parameters were evident for b ...	1985	2867857
microfilariae of tetrapetalonema llewellyni in raccoons of cades cove, great smoky mountains national park, tennessee, usa.		1985	4078986
leptospirosis in wisconsin: report of a case associated with direct contact with raccoon urine.		1985	4013366
unexpected reorganization of somatosensory cortex in a raccoon with extensive forelimb loss.	electrophysiological recordings were made from primary somatosensory cortex in a raccoon that had suffered a traumatic amputation of the forearm some time prior to its capture. neurons in the affected forepaw region of sensory cortex were not silent but responded to cutaneous or neuroma activation of the remaining forearm stump. in addition, cells at many sites were responsive to tactile stimulation of the glabrous skin of the hindpaw ipsilateral to the damage. this indicates that the cortical p ...	1985	4000544
response properties of raccoon cuneothalamic neurons.	microelectrodes were used to record the extracellular activity of 80 single neurons of the main cuneate nucleus (mcn) of raccoons anesthetized with either methoxyflurane or pentobarbital sodium. all 80 mcn neurons had peripheral receptive fields (rfs) that lay entirely on the glabrous surfaces of the forepaw and were responsive to light mechanical stimulation. neurons were characterized according to the nature of their response to mechanical stimulation of their rfs, as well as to their response ...	1985	4001677