Publications

leptospirosis in selected wild mammals of the florida panhandle and southwestern georgia.	a group of 144 wild mammals, including white-tailed deer, cottontail rabbits, fox squirrels, gray squirrels, raccoons, opossums, a bobcat, and various small rodents was examined for cultural or serologic evidence of leptospiral infection. leptospires were isolated from 1 of 25 rabbits, 1 of 27 fox squirrels, 1 of 26 gray squirrels, 4 of 18 mice and rats, 8 of 21 raccoons, 7 of 17 opossums, and a bobcat. isolations were not made from 6 deer examined. serotypes isolated were leptospira interrogans ...	1975	1176352
edwardsiella tarda infections in florida racoons, procyon lotor.	edwardsiella tarda was isolated from the large intestine of seven (17%) of 42 racoons from florida. the rate varied from 12% in south florida to 25% in north florida. in addition, 52% of the racoons examined were carrying salmonella, with numerous serotypes represented.	1975	1200720
paragonimus kellicotti infection in wild carnivores in southwestern ontario: i. prevalence and gross pathologic features.	paragonimus kellicotti ward, 1908 was recovered from 16 of 105 mink (mustela vison), 14 of 244 striped skunks (mephitis mephitis), 10 of 446 red foxes (vulpes vulpes), 1 of 31 coyotes (canis latrans), 0 of 326 raccoons (procyon lotor) and 0 of 8 weasels (mustela spp.) collected from southwestern ontario. the majority of carnivores harboring p. kellicotti was collected from two counties (huron and bruce) bordering the east shore of lake huron where 6.0% of the animals (excluding raccoons) were in ...	1975	1113433
an epizootic of cerebral nematodiasis in rabbits due to ascaris columnarus.	an epizootic of cerebral nematodiasis due to ascaris columnaris occurred in a commercial rabbitry, and 80 diseased rabbits died or were killed. the morbidity was high in groups of recently purchased rabbits and in the offspring of 12 breeder rabbits. the breeder rabbits which had been on the farm for more than a yr survived the outbreaks. wild animals and birds had access to the facilities, but raccoons and skunks were never observed. a columnaris larvae were found on histopathologic examination ...	1975	1121166
the use of ketamine hydrochloride as an anesthetic for raccoons.	ketamine hydrochloride was observed to be an effective anesthetic for recently captured raccoons (procyon lotor) when they were injected intramuscularly with 20-29 mg/kg body weight. excellent anesthesia occurred from 5 to 15 min after injection. no respiratory difficulties were encountered. the only undesirable clinical sign was excessive salivation.	1975	1152172
pesticide levels in the omental fat of florida raccoons.		1975	1139057
pyometra in a raccoon.		1975	1040432
seasonal variations in total serum protein concentration in an estuarine raccoon population.	total serum protein (tsp) levels were recorded for the adult cohort in a population of southern florida raccoons (procyon lotor marinus) for a period of 1 year. tsp levels were found to fluctuate seasonally, with autumn levels being the highest and spring and summer levels the lowest. values for males tended to be higher than those for females. there may be a correlation between mean tsp levels and mean body weight. in 10 male raccoons recaptured during the study period, the same pattern of fluc ...	1975	1113441
capillaria procyonis sp. n. (nematoda: trichuridae) from the esophagus of the raccoon, procyon lotor.	a new species of nematode, capillaria procyonis, is described from the esophageal epithelium of the raccoon in southern louisiana. this species is distinguished from other similar mammalian capillarids found in this location by the terminal location of the anus and more posterior postion of the vulva in the female. in the male there is a much longer cirrus and spicule and a unique bursalike expansion of the posterior extremity. the systematics and biological implications of the new species are d ...	1975	1185421
experimental dirofilariasis in macaques. iii. susceptibility and host responses to dirofilaria tenuis of raccoons.	in this third of a series of studies on experimental dirofilariasis in primate hosts, 3 macaca cynomolgus, 6 m. speciosa, and 2 m. mulatta were inoculated with infective larvae of dirofilaria tenuis, a parasite of the raccoon, and were killed at periods ranging from 2 weeks to 13 months of infection. one m. mulatta and one m. speciosa were treated daily with prednisolone beginning 2 months after inoculation; worms were recovered from these and 5 other monkeys (7 of 11). microfilaremia was detect ...	1976	816216
dermatophilosis among wild raccoons in new york state.	dermatophilus congolensis was established as the cause of dermatitis in 8 raccoons, as determined from examination of carcasses and untreated hides. encrusted lesions were restricted to or more pronounced in the areas around the eyes, along the snout, and on the skin in the tarsal and carpal regions. the causative agent was demonstrated through direct examination of stained paraffin sections, isolation in pure culture, or examination of stained smears from lesions induced experimentally in rabbi ...	1976	977468
experimental infection of north american mammals with epidemic venezuelan encephalitis virus.	eighty-three wild mammals of ten species were inoculated with a first mouse passage level venezuelan encephalitis (ve) virus isolated from south texas in 1971 during the ve outbreak. rodents were highly susceptible to ve infection and circulated ve virus at levels ranging from 10(7.7) to 10(11.5) suckling mouse intracranial lethal doses per ml for 2 to 4 days. these levels of virus could easily infect vector mosquitoes. mortality was high in all species of rodents except sigmodon hispidus, adult ...	1976	1008132
crab-eating raccoon, procyon cancrivorus nigripes (mivart 1885) (carnivora: procyonidae) naturally infected with schistosoma mansoni in minas gerais state, brazil.		1976	978364
arthrostoma miyazakiense (nagayosi 1955) comb. n., a parasite of the raccoon-like dog, nyctereutes procyonoides, with a key to the genus arthrostoma (nematoda: ancylostomatidae).	necator miyazakiensis nagayosi 1955, a hookworm from the raccoon-like dog, nyctereutes procyonoides, in miyazaki prefecture, kyushu, japan, is redescribed and placed in the genus arthrostoma cameron 1927, and compared with the 6 other species of the genus. arthrostoma miyazakiense comb. n. is found in raccoon-like dogs not only in miyazaki prefecture, but also in kyoto and hokkaido prefectures. this is the first record of a species of arthrostoma in japan.	1976	988154
a review of sarcocystis of domestic animals and of other coccidia of cats and dogs.	the nomenclature, life cycles, and pathogenicity of sarcocystis of domestic animals are reviewed. sarcocystis had a 2-host life cycle, with carnivores as definitive hosts and herbivores as intermediate hosts. the following species are found in domestic animals (with the definitive hosts given in parentheses): 3 species in the ox: s cruzi (dog, wolf, coyote, raccoon, fox), s hirsuta (cat), s hominis (man, monkey); 2 species in the sheep: s ovicanis (dog), s tenella (cat); 3 species in the pig: s ...	1976	824260
coding of mechanical stimulus velocity and indentation depth by squirrel monkey and raccoon glabrous skin mechanoreceptors.	1. a sample of 113 large, myelinated first-order afferent fibers innervating the glabrous skin of the squirrel monkey's hand proved to consist primarily of two basic types. in a sample where the only known source of sampling bias is a greater likelihood to record from larger diameter fibers, 40% of the fibers were rapidly adapting (ra) and 60% were very slowly adapting (vsa). two units were moderately slowly adapting (msa), and one had the properties of a pacinian afferent (pc). 2. the ra and vs ...	1976	823305
oral infection of mammals with sarcocystis fusiformis bradyzoites from cattle and sporocysts from dogs and coyotes.	individual sporocysts containing 4 sporozoites were shed in the feces of dogs, foxes, and raccoons after ingestion of bovine tissue infected with sarcocystis fusiformis bradyzoites. no sporocysts were shed by cats, monkeys, swine, skunks, ferrets, rats, guinea pigs, or rabbits after ingestion of similar bovine tissue. the shedding of sporocysts by dogs that had ingested tissue from a bovine experimentally infected with sporocysts from coyotes indicated that both canids were definitive hosts for ...	1976	815528
[immunodiffusion analysis of plasma proteins in the canine family].	immunodiffusion studies have been made on the plasma of 9 species (vulpes vulpes, v. corsak, alopex lagopus, canis aureus, c. lupus, c. familiaris, c. dingo, nyctereutes procynoides, fennecus zerde) from the family of canidae using milk antisera. unlike rabbit antisera used earlier, milk antisera make it possible to detect more significant antigenic divergency with respect to 5 alpha- and beta-globulins. these globulins seem to have a higher evolution rate of antigenic mosaics as compared to oth ...	1976	62473
attempted experimental cross infections with mammalian guinea-worms, dracunculus spp. (nematoda: dracunculoidea).	dracunculus medinensis and d. insignis are morphologically indistinguishable. experiments to test the susceptibility of various mammalian hosts to these two guinea worm species are described. infective 3rd-stage larvae of d. medinensis were administered to each of four raccons (procyon lotor): infective 3rd-stage larvae of d. insignis were administered to a rhesus monkey (macaca mulatta), two dogs, two ferrets (mustela putorius furo), and a marten (martes americana). d. medinensis was not found ...	1976	134642
prevalence of toxoplasma gondii antibodies in wild and domestic animals in northern california.	wild and domestic animals from 3 geographic-climatologic areas in northern california were tested for antibodies against toxoplasma gondii. a total of 2,796 serum samples representing 37 species of wild mammals, 35 species of wild birds, and 5 species of domestic animals were tested by the indirect hemagglutination test. of 1,174 wild mammal serums tested, 10.8% were positive, which compared with 14.7% of the 1,221 domestic mammal serums. of 229 wild carnivores tested, 45% were seropositive, inc ...	1976	977457
visceral lesions in racoons naturally infected with heterobilharzia americana.	three free-ranging raccoons caught in southeastern florida were found to be infected by heterobilharzia americana. the livers were firm with rough surfaces and stellate patterns of periportal fibrosis. the portal tracts had excessive mature fibrous connective tissue and occasional ovum and necrotic fluke granulomas. there were also ovum granulomas with concomitant lesions in small and large intestine, pancreas, and lung. numerous other parasites were seen.	1976	969165
preliminary studies on the characterization and distribution of staphylococcus and micrococcus species on animal skin.	a total of 221 strains of staphylococci and 98 strains of micrococci isolated from the skins of eastern gray squirrels, southern flying squirrels, raccoons, opossums, squirrel monkeys, swine, sheep, horses, cattle, and dogs were characterized in a preliminary attempt to resolve their natural relationships and distribution in nature. staphylococci demonstrating the widest host range included staphylococcus xylosus and unnamed staphylococcus sp. 3. unnamed staphylococcus sp. 2 was isolated only fr ...	1976	942208
an account of the longitudinal mucosal corrugations of the human tracheo-bronchial tree, with observations on those of some animals.	a description is given of the distribution of the longitudinal mucosal corrugations in the human tracheo-bronchial tree. it has been shown that they are made up of elastic tissue in a collagen matrix, and that the elastic fibres continue into the smallest bronchioles beyond where the corrugations are no longer visible. an examination has also been made of the tracheo-bronchial trees of the hen, rat, raccoon, pig, sheep, llama and tiger. corrugations are present in all these animals, except the h ...	1976	1010796
prevalence of bordetella bronchiseptica in certain central iowa.	bordetella bronchiseptica was isolated from 6 of 13 short-tailed shrews (blarina brevicauda) and 1 of 47 house sparrows (passer domesticus) trapped in the vicinity of a swine bordetella rhinitis experimental area. the organism was found in four of 50 foxes (vulpes fulva), 2 of 36 opossums (didelphis marsupialis) and 1 of 37 raccoons (procyon lotor) trapped in the ames, iowa area. this bacterium was not culturally isolated from 14 deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus), 64 house mice (mus musculus), ...	1976	16502690
the prevalence of antibodies against toxoplasma gondii in some ontario mammals.	a survey of serum samples from mammals trapped in central ontario showed that many contained antibodies to toxoplasma gondii. the prevalence of infection as reflected by positive reactions in the sabin-feldman dye test appeared to be related to the type of diet of each species examined, and specifically, to the proportion of rodents in the diet. of the fox blood samples tested, 84% were positive. the percentage of positive samples diminished through, coyote, mink, bear, fisher skunk, raccoon, ma ...	1976	16498870
epizootiology of an outbreak of cerebrospinal nematodiasis in cottontail rabbits and woodchucks.	an epizootic of cerebrospinal nematodiasis in cottontail rabbits (sylvilagus floridanus) and woodchucks (marmota monax) caused by baylisascaris procyonis larvae followed the establishment of an ascarid-infected raccoon (procyon lotor) population in a woodlot. five of seven raccoons examined from the woodlot harbored ascarids, with one heavily infected animal shedding approximately 27,500 eggs per gram of feces. a laboratory-reared cottontail rabbit developed neurologic disease due to larval migr ...	1976	16498877
[morpho-physiologic criteria for the taxonomic independence of the species trichinella pseudospiralis garkavi, 1972].	a taxonomic status of a new species of trichinella from procyon lotor l. described by v. l. garkavi in 1972 as t. pseudospiralis is discussed. two-month invasional larvae resemble in their size and structure 19-20-day larvae of typical t. spiralis. however, the ratio between their organs points not only to the delay in development but also to significant structural morphological differences. luminiscent microscopic analysis of muscular and intestinal forms of both species confirms this. impossib ...	1977	865876
behavior and mortality of free-ranging raccoons, snowshoe hares, and striped skunks after exposure to 300 r gamma radiation.		1977	847099
application of the soluble antigen fluorescent antibody (safa) test to the serodiagnosis of rabies.	the adaptation and evaluation of the soluble antigen fluorescent antibody (safa) test for the serologic diagnosis of rabies is described. evaluation of the safa test was based on a comparison between serum titers obtained in the safa test, the mouse serum neutralization (sn) test and in the indirect fluorescent antibody (ifat) test. dog, fox, raccoon and skunk sera were used for the comparison with mouse sn titers. human serum was used for the comparison with the ifat titer. the purity and conce ...	1977	320266
agglutinins to coxiella burnetii and brucella spp, with particular reference to brucella canis, in wild animals of southern texas.	the prevalence of agglutinins to coxiella burnetii and brucella spp, particularly brucella canis, was determined in 269 wild animals (14 species) in southern texas. serologic evidence of coxiellosis and brucellosis, including b canis infection, was shown for coyotes, raccoons, opossums, badgers, jackrabbits, and feral hogs. using the microagglutination test, the seroprevalence of c burnetii, phases i and ii (titer greater than or equal to 4) was 4.1 and 27.9%, respectively. for brucella agglutin ...	1977	924870
on the tryptic peptides from hemoglobin chains of six carnivores.	the amino acid compositions of the tryptic peptides of the following carnivore hemoglobin chains have been determined: gray fox (urocyon cineroargenteus); raccoon (procyon lotor); polar bear (thalarctos maritimus); coati mundi (nasua nasua) beta chain; coati mundi (nasua narica) two beta chains; cat (felis catus) alpha chain; and lion (pantbera leo) beta chain. these provide a basis for future sequencing of these hemoglobins and construction of an evolutionary tree. the specific results are summ ...	1977	864727
observations on the seasonal prevalence, pathology and transmission of dracunculus insignis (nematoda: dracunculoidea) in the raccoon (procyon lotor (l.) in ontario.	lesions due to dracunculus insignis in the legs of raccoons (procyon lotor) in southern ontario occur seasonally as most larvigerous females emerge in the spring and early summer (april-june). the pathology of dracunculiasis in the raccoon is described and the transmission of the parasite in the wild is discussed with respect to seasonality and local agricultural practices. crayfish, fishes and frogs (including tadpoles) were given infective third-stage larvae of d. insignis to test their suitab ...	1977	144196
reproductive features in the female raccoon dog (nyctereutes procyonoides).		1977	563458
heavy metal concentrations in kidneys of estuarine raccoons from florida.	concentrations of lead, zinc and cadmium in the kidneys of 14 adult raccoons from an estuarine environment were determined. the mean concentrations in ppm wet weight and standard deviation for the metals were lead--0.47 +/- 0.22, zinc--75.88 +/- 16.54 and cadmium--2.48 +/- 1.66.	1977	839617
orientation detectors in the primary somatosensory neocortex of the raccoon.	an analysis of response properties of single neurons in the forepaw region of the primary somatosensory neocortex (si) of the raccoon was undertaken to gain a better understanding of the neural bases of tactile form discrimination. in the course of this investigation a new type of feature detector neuron which responded preferentially to tactile stimulus orientation was discovered. within a sample of 110 neurons responding to light touch, two categories of cells were noted in terms of the type o ...	1977	326352
cerebral nematodiasis in captive nutria.	of 35 nutria (myocaster coypus) at a city zoo, 20 died or were killed because of a progressive central nervous system disease. on the basis of histopathologic findings, a diagnosis of cerebral nematodiasis complicated by nosematosis was made. the only significant management change prior to illness was the feeding of poplar tree branches from a lowland area inhabited by skunks and raccoons. neurologic disturbances gradually ceased within 2 months after control measures were initiated and the prac ...	1977	924860
response of raccoon si neurons to temporally distributed tactile stimuli applied to the forepaw.		1977	912407
bone marrow and hematologic values of wild raccoons.	blood and bone marrow samples were obtained from wild raccoons in the state of connecticut to determine leukocyte and erythrocyte counts, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and peripheral blood and bone marrow differential counts. calculations were made to determine mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration.	1978	739581
lead poisoning of raccoons in connecticut.	a wild raccoon (procyon lotor) had clinical signs, histopathologic and ultrastructural lesions indicative of lead intoxication. the diagnosis was confirmed by chemical analyses of liver and kidney tissues which revealed 35 ppm of lead in wet tissues. a survey of hepatic lead concentration in 13 additional raccoons was conducted.	1978	650783
nematode from the masticatory mucosa of the raccoon (procyon lotor).		1978	625864
astrocytoma in a raccoon.		1978	738936
somatotopic organization of mechanosensory projections to sii cerebral neocortex in the raccoon (procyon lotor).	the pattern of projections of peripheral receptors to the neocortex in the second somesthetic receiving area (sii) was mapped in raccoons. the purpose was to determine if the projection area of peripheral receptors to the forepaw area in the sii region is disproportionally enlarged as it is in si. tungsten microelectrode recording procedures were used to map thoroughly the inferior wall of the suprasylvian sulcus for regions responsive to mechanical stimulation of peripheral receptors. the resul ...	1978	690281
[epidemiology of rabies (author's transl)].	rabies is widespread in all continents except australia. as an anthropozoonosis its main importance is in areas with uncontrolled dog rabies, nowadays principally topical and subtropical regions. the greatest economic losses however are encountered in the cattle herds of south and central america, where paralyssa prevails. in the northern hemisphere particularly rabies is enzootic among wildlife. under the given ecological conditions only one or two species act as primary vectors of the infectio ...	1978	306053
viral inclusions in raccoon liver cells.	three young raccoons (procyon lotor), two from michigan and one from arizona, died suddenly from acute infections. intranuclear inclusion bodies and viral particles typical of herpesvirus were seen in liver cells from all three. inclusions also were seen in the nuclei of endothelial cells in the lung, liver, glomeruli and reticuloendothelial cells of the spleen. the source of the infection was not determined, but possible transmission from other species could not be ruled out.	1978	206734
hematotropic parasites of translocated raccoons in the southeast.	ninety-four raccoons (procyon lotor) from 6 southeastern states were examined for hematotropic parasites, to evaluate the carrier potential of these animals as they relate to translocation and release for hunting purposes. four species of hematotropic parasites were identified, viz, babesia procyonis, haemobartonella procyoni, hepatozoon procyonis, and trypanosoma cruzi. lesions in infected raccoons were associated only with h procyonis. babesia procyonis was enzootic in populations of raccoons ...	1978	104938
amino acid sequence of the hemoglobin of raccoon (procyon lotor).	the amino acid sequences of the hemoglobin alpha- and beta-chains of raccoon have been determined by a combination of manual and automatic sequencing procedures. the raccoon beta-chain shows 16 amino acid differences from that of dog. the alpha chain shows 10 differences. these values are identical with those predicted by analogy from their tryptic peptide compositions.	1978	701090
laboratory observations on the insusceptibility of raccoons to dirofilaria immitis.	two raccoons, procyon lotor, were exposed to dirofilaria immitis by subcutaneous injection of infective third stage larvae obtained from experimentally-infected aedes trivittatus. nematodes were not recovered from either raccoon when examined at necropsy 223 and 254 days postexposure. large numbers of adult d. immitis were found in six dogs used as controls. these data indicate that raccoons cannot support the development of d. immitis.	1978	633513
dirofilaria cancrivori sp. n. (nematoda: filarioidea from the crabdog, procyon cancrivorus, in guyana.	dirofilaria cancrivori sp. n. is described from subcutaneous tissues of the crabdog, procyon cancrivorus, in guyana, south america. the filarid is morphologically distinct from dirofilaria tenuis, parasite of a related host, the raccoon, in the southern united states, and all other species of dirofilaria. the parasite can be distinguished from other dirofilarias based on a combination of morphological features including its size, number, and arrangement of caudal papillae on the male tail, size ...	1978	627950
levels of oestrogen and progesterone in the plasma of the raccoon dog (nyctereutes procyonoides) during oestrus and pregnancy.		1978	632726
rocky mountain spotted fever in connecticut: human cases, spotted-fever group rickettsiae in ticks, and antibodies in mammals.	three parameters were used in 1976 and 1977 to assess the status of rocky mountain spotted fever (rmsf) in connecticut--compilation and review of clinical data on suspected human cases for the 13-year period 1965--1977, examination of tick tissues for spotted fever-group rickettsiae by the hemolymph test and direct immunofluorescence, and analyses of mammalian sera for antibodies against rickettsia rickettsii. there were six presumptive rmsf cases which probably originated in connecticut. four o ...	1979	111543
serologic survey for toxoplasma gondii in wild animals in florida.	blood samples were collected for serum separation from 114 species of wild animals (25 species of mammals, 82 species of birds, and 7 species of reptiles) in florida. each of the 3,471 samples was tested for antibodies to toxoplasma gondii, using the indirect hemagglutination test. the highest prevalences of t gondii antibodies were 19% in armadillos (dasypus novemcinctus), 18% in raccoons (procyon lotor), 13% in black rats (rattus rattus), and 11% in opossums (didelphis marsupialis). antibody p ...	1979	521384
trichinella spiralis in raccoons (procyon lotor) of tennessee.		1979	448587
human infestation by cat fleas, ctenocephalides felis (siphonaptera: pulicidae), from suburban raccoons.		1979	575164
experimental coonhound paralysis: animal model of guillain-barré syndrome.	coonhound paralysis (chp), a polyradiculoneuritis of dogs that resembles the human guillain-barré syndrome, was experimentally reproduced by inoculating a dog with raccoon saliva. the test animal was a coonhound that had previously sustained two naturally occurring attacks of chp. success in inducing the disease strengthened the notion that raccoon saliva contains the etiologic factor for chp and that only specifically susceptible dogs are at risk of developing chp when exposed to this factor.	1979	572511
sites of organic acid production and patterns of digesta movement in the gastro-intestinal tract of the raccoon.	twelve raccoons were used to assess the movement of fluid and particulate digesta through their gastrointestinal tract and to determine the diurnal variations in organic acid levels for the various segments of the tract. fluid and particulate markers were administered at the time of meal feeding. animals were killed at given intervals after the administration of markers. the gastrointestinal tract was removed and divided into seven segments for measurement of markers, ph, volatile fatty acids (v ...	1979	448450
rabies in translocated raccoons.	two raccoons imported from florida by a north carolina hunting club were diagnosed as having rabies by fluorescent antibody testing of brain tissue. although dead on arrival in north carolina, they could have infected other raccoons in the same shipment which had already been released into the wild. raccoon rabies has become increasingly important in recent years, but this is the first documented report of rabies presence in hunter-purchased interstate shipments.	1979	443502
calibration of the great american interchange.	from radioisotopic (potassium-argon) age determinations of tuffs and magnetostratigraphy of late tertiary mammal-bearing beds in catamarca province, northwest argentina, refined estimates have been obtained for the durations and boundaries of beds of chasicoan (middle miocene) through chapadmalalan (pliocene) age. an age of 9.0 million years is tentatively accepted for the chasicoan-huayquerian boundary, 5.0 million years for the huayquerian-montehermosan boundary, and 3.0 million years for the ...	1979	17800342
procyonostrongylus muelleri gen. et sp. n. (metastrongyloidea: angiostrongylidae) from the raccoon (procyon l. lotor).	procyonostrongylus muelleri gen. et sp. n. from under the epithelium of the epiglottis of procyon l. lotor is distinguished by 1) the absence of lips; 2) a highly developed reinforced bursa with a deep terminal incision; 3) highly developed toothlike dorsal rays; 1) greatly reduced externodorsal rays; and 5) the terminal or subterminal anus and vulva in the female.	1979	512773
redescription of dipetalonema (acanthocheilonema) procyonis price 1955 (nematoda: filarioidea from the raccoon.	dipetalonema (acanthocheilonema) procyonis price 1955 is redescribed from specimens recovered from the subcutaneous tissues of raccoons (procyon lotor) in louisiana. the microfilaria, which is found in the skin of the host, is described for the first time. dipetalonema (a.) procyonis can be distinguished from other members of the subgenus acanthocheilonema based on the presence of four conical petals on the posterior extremity of both sexes; the females of all other previously described species ...	1980	7190191
chandleronema longigutturata (chandler 1942) gen. et comb. n. (nematoda: acuariidae) from raccoons, procyon lotor, in louisiana.	worms conforming to the description of synhimantus longigutturata chandler 1942 were recovered from the stomachs of raccoons, procyon lotor, in louisiana. the male is described for the first time. the worm has short, delicate, recurrent and anastomosing cephalic cordons; a long pharynx; and a pair of double, lateral alae, each arising behind a tricuspid cervical papilla. these features differ significantly from those of other species within the genus synhimantus and, consequently, the worm is tr ...	1980	7391894
on- versus off-responses of raccoon glabrous skin rapidly adapting cutaneous mechanoreceptors.	1. the on- and off-responses of 50 raccoon median nerve fibers associated with rapidly adapting cutaneous mechanoreceptors in glabrous skin were examined under experimental conditions designed to allow comparable opportunities for on- and off-responses to occur. trapezoidal stimuli were utilized, providing for equal stimulus indentation and retraction velocities and equal static displacement times and intertrial intervals. principal findings were as follows: 2. at stimulus levels well above disp ...	1980	6251178
role of the raccoon in the transmission of pseudorabies: a field and laboratory investigation.	serum samples were collected from 42 raccoons trapped in a pseudorabies enzootic area of missouri. all samples were negative for neutralizing antibodies to pseudorabies virus (prv). raccoons were orally exposed with one of four dose levels of prv. the raccoons were found to be susceptible to moderately large doses of prv tissue culture infective dose (10(4) - 10(5) tcid50). all raccoons given 10(3) tcid50 of prv survived and did not develop clinical signs. the prv was consistently isolated from ...	1980	6250423
sarcocystis infections in georgia swine.	tissues from 168 mature sows obtained at slaughter in northern and southern georgia were examined for infection with sarcocystis spp. digestion techniques revealed zoites in 28 (16.5%) sows. infected meat was fed to laboratory-reared dogs, cats, raccoons (procyon lotor), and opossums (didelphis marsupialis). dogs and raccoons shed sporocysts (8.3 mum x 11.2 mum) 12 to 14 days after infection. cats and opossums were refractory to infection. sarcocystis-free pigs were infected with 50,000 sporocys ...	1980	6782918
possible role of wild mammals in transmission of pseudorabies to swine.	of 73 wild and domestic mammals tested from an area endemic for pseudorabies in swine, 16 showed natural pseudorabies virus infection, 8 from farms with no pseudorabies history. in transmission experiments with swine and raccoons (procyon lotor), pseudorabies was not transmitted between raccoons but was transmitted reciprocally between raccoons and swine by contact and when either consumed infected carrion of the other. the fluorescent antibody tissue section test proved valuable in diagnosis of ...	1980	6257934
comparison of the reactions of the compact-colony forming active substance (ccfas) to the clumping-factor reaction in a strain of staphylococcus aureus with animal plasma.	plasma was used from rat, mouse, guinea pig, rabbit, dog, cat, sheep, goat, monkey, horse, pig, cow, fox, mink, porpoise, deer, manatee, seal, elephant, raccoon, pigeon, macaw, and humans; clotting time and gel formation activities by the compact-colony forming active substance (ccfas) extracted from a strain of staphylococcus aureus and relative staphylococcal clumping factor reaction were determined. experimental results showed that every plasma was clotted and gel formation of plasma was obse ...	1980	6777651
geographic variation in helminth parasites from the digestive tract of tennessee raccoons, procyon lotor.	the stomachs and intestinal tracts of 253 raccoons, procyon lotor, were examined for helminth parasites. sixteen species of helminths were found including eight trematodes, two cestodes, five nematodes, and one acanthocephalan. fourteen of these helminths are new geographic records for the state of tennessee. multivariate statistical techniques were used to analyze two-state and multistate character sets. matrices of correlation among characters were computed and the first three principal compon ...	1980	7365628
lagochilascaris major in a raccoon.	a granulomatous mesenteric mass containing numerous adult lagochilascaris major was found in a raccoon near houston, texas. this is the first report of a lagochilascaris in a species other than the opossum in north america.	1980	7373727
verminous encephalitis in commercial chickens.	an outbreak of fatal encephalitis in four-week-old chickens is described. the causal agent was shown to be baylisascaris procyonis, the common roundworm of raccoons.	1980	7436967
vegetative endocarditis with generalized bacterial embolism in association with phlegmon induced by dracunculus insignis in a raccoon.	lesions of streptococcal vegetative endocarditis and subsequent embolic disease are described in a raccoon (procyon lotor). a phlegmon of the animal's forelimb associated with dracunculus insignis infestation was believed to be the primary site of bacterial invasion.	1980	6448729
small mammals and white-tailed deer as possible reservoir hosts of brucella abortus in texas.	four hundred sixty-eight wild mammals were collected from four ranches in texas where brucella-infected cattle herds are maintained, and examined as possible reservoir hosts for brucella abortus. seventy-one serums from five species were tested for brucella antibodies. liver and spleen from 453 mammals (14 species) were cultured for b. abortus. results of the serologic and bacteriologic examination of rodents, opossums (didelphis virginiana), raccoons (procyon lotor) and white-tailed deer (odoco ...	1980	6768900
miracidia hatching technique for diagnosis of canine schistosomiasis.	a method of processing feces with subsequent hatching of heterobilharzia americana eggs was found to be preferable to saline sedimentation for the diagnosis of canine schistosomiasis. the feces were filtered and washed in 3 changes of 0.85% nacl solution. the remaining sediment was flooded with distilled water to promote the hatching of viable eggs. miracidia were subsequently observed, which confirmed infection in naturally infected raccoons and experimentally infected dogs.	1980	7440363
parvovirus infection in translocated raccoons.	severe enteritis attributed to parvovirus infection was diagnosed in raccoons (procyon lotor) purchased from a commercial animal dealer for interstate translocation. intestinal lesions included edema, hyperemia, and focal mucosal necrosis. microscopically, intestinal villi were reduced markedly, and there was necrosis of the glandular crypts. intranuclear inclusions were seen in many crypt cells. a parvovirus that was infective for crandell feline kidney cells and primary canine kidney cells was ...	1980	7451313
[importance of the racoon dog in the epidemiology and epizootiology of rabies in the far east].	raccoon dogs (nyctereutes procyonoides gray) have been shown to take part in the circulation of rabies virus within their natural area in the far east and thus to be dangerous as a source of infection for humans and domestic animals. the disease has been registered in the areas with high population density of this species, the spread of infection reaching 13 +/- 4.6% in the years of survey. the results of the preliminary determination of the sensitivity of raccoon dogs and the schematic map show ...	1981	7331626
dermatophilus congolensis infections in wildlife in new york state.	dermatophilus congolensis infection is described for the first time in a woodchuck (marmota monax) and a striped skunk (mephitis mephitis). this actinomycete was also recovered from a raccoon (procyon lotor) carcass which had been frozen for a year. encrusted lesions or denuded patches or both were seen during necropsy on the head, thorax, abdomen, and legs of each carcass. d. congolensis was demonstrated in strained smears or paraffin sections or both from the three animals and was recovered fr ...	1981	7334073
feline insular amyloid: histochemical distinction from secondary systemic amyloid.	amyloid in islets of langerhans from 48 domestic cats, one human, one non-human primate, and one raccoon was compared with secondary systemic amyloid from three domestic cats, one dog, one human, and one cow to determine affinity for congo red dye after treatment of paraffin-embedded tissue sections with potassium permanganate and dilute sulfuric acid. insular amyloid from all six species was resistant to pretreatment with potassium permanganate, i.e., affinity for congo red was retained, wherea ...	1981	7008332
raccoon babesiosis in connecticut, usa: babesia lotori sp. n.	a species of babesia which infects raccoons, procyon lotor, is described and named babesia lotori. twelve of 14 raccoons captured from five counties in connecticut developed parasitemia after splenectomy. preoperative levels were subpatent or less than 1%. parasitemia peaked anywhere from less than 5% to 36.6% in splenectomized raccoons, and all but one survived and possessed low infection rates (less than or equal to 3%) at the end of the experiment. an indirect fluorescent antibody test is des ...	1981	7021788
neurologic disorders in the raccoon in northeastern united states.		1981	7035419
helminth parasites of translocated raccoons (procyon lotor) in the southeastern united states.	raccoons (procyon lotor) typical of animals released by private hunting clubs in the appalachian mountains were examined for helminth parasites to evaluate the influence raccoon translocation might have on parasitic diseases. results were compared with data from resident raccoons from characteristic release areas. translocated raccoons harbored 19 helminth species that were exotic to resident animals. most of these exotic parasites were trematodes (74%). an additional 19 species were found in bo ...	1981	7241707
raccoon ascarid larvae as a cause of fatal central nervous system disease in subhuman primates.	to assess the danger of baylisascaris procyonis (the common roundworm of raccoons) to subhuman primates, as well as the zoonotic potential of the parasite, 4 squirrel monkeys were inoculated by stomach tube with 5,000 or 10,500 infective b procyonis eggs. fulminating severe cns disease developed at 10-15 days after inoculation, and the monkeys died or were euthanatized at 12-19 days. at necropsy, numerous hemorrhagic migration tracks were visible in coronal brain slices. histologically, numerous ...	1981	7199033
cerebrospinal nematodiasis in a woodchuck suspected of having rabies.	a young woodchuck (marmota monax) with a history of cns dysfunction and abnormal behavior was submitted frozen to the animal disease diagnostic laboratory, purdue university, as a rabies suspect. the woodchuck was negative for rabies by the fluorescent antibody test. histologically, multifocal areas of necrosis, malacia, and inflammation were seen in sections of cerebrum, midbrain, and cerebellum, accompanied by marked perivascular cuffing with eosinophils and lymphocytes. sections of lung conta ...	1981	7199034
eimeria and sarcocystis in raccoons in illinois.	eimeria nuttalli oocysts were found in 58% (21/36) and e. procyonis oocysts in 25% (9/36) of raccoons procyon lotor in illinois, and sporocysts of sarcocystis sp. in 17% (2/12) of other raccoons in illinois. the oocysts of e. nuttalli were ellipsoidal to ovoid, 15-21 x 12-17 micrometer, with a one-layered, smooth, colorless wall. the oocysts of e. procyonis were 22-28 x 18-22 micrometer, with a rough, striated, brownish, two-layered wall. the sporulated sporocysts of sarcocystis sp. were 11-13 x ...	1981	6792347
[final host specificity of sarcocystis species transmitted by dogs (authors's transl)].	dogs and raccoons were fed muscle of various intermediate hosts that had been infected either naturally or artificially wit sarcocystis species transmitted from dogs. the muscle samples used for the experiments contained cysts of the following species: s. sp. of the donkey, s. bovicanis of cattle, s. ovicanis and s. sp. of sheep, s. suicanis of pigs, or s. capracanis and s. sp. of goats. in all trails, the dogs shed sporocysts of the sarcocystis species concerned after a typical prepatency. in t ...	1981	6798774
natural la crosse virus infection in the red fox (vulpes fulva), gray fox (urocyon cinereoargenteus), raccoon (procyon lotor), and opossum (didelphis virginiana).	natural infection of sentinel red foxes (vulpes fulva) and free-ranging red foxes, gray foxes (urocyon cinereoargenteus) and raccoons (procyon lotor) with la crosse (lac) virus was demonstrated. one isolate of lac virus was obtained from a sentinel red fox in an enzootic area. the viremia titer of the lac virus-infected red fox was above the threshold of infection for aedes triseriatus mosquitoes. antibody responses were measured by the microneutralization test employing four california group vi ...	1981	7258486
isolation of mycoplasmas from raccoon dog (nyctereutes procyonoides viverrinus), fox (vulpes vulpes japonica) and japanese badger (meles meles anakuma).		1981	7289340
epidemiology of alaria marcianae mesocercariae in louisiana.	natural infections of alaria marcianae mesocercariae were detected in five amphibian, seven reptilian, and two mammalian species in louisiana. alligators were susceptible to experimental infections with mesocercariae. natural infections were also found in the subcutaneous fat of raccoons and opossums. examination of three gravid opossums showed a marked preference of the mesocercariae for the mammary glands, however, we were unable to find transmission of mesocercariae to any of the 27 young. ba ...	1981	7328467
sarcocystis spp. in white-tailed deer. i. definitive and intermediate host spectrum with a description of sarcocystis odocoileocanis n. sp.	sporocysts containing four sporozoites and measuring (avg.) 15.2 micrometers x 10.7 micrometers (n = 195) were shed in the feces of dogs (canis familiaris) 8 to 16 days (avg. 11.6 days) after the first feeding of venison infected with sarcocystis sp. sporocysts containing four sporozoites and measuring (avg.) 11.5 micrometers x 8.1 micrometers (n = 35) were shed by a cat (felis catus) 14 days after ingesting sarcocystis-infected venison. statistical (pooled t-test) comparison of the mean measure ...	1981	6802990
endemicity of spotted fever group rickettsiae in connecticut.	to compare rickettsial infectivity and seropositivity rates against spotted fever group (sfg) rickettsiae, ticks and wild mammals were collected from three areas where rickettsia rickettsii was thought to be enzootic in connecticut during 1978-1979, and from four additional sites (with no reported human cases) between 1976 and 1979. of the 1,001 dermacentor variabilis examined by the hemolymph test, 59 (5.9%) contained rickettsia-like organisms; direct immunofluorescence tests verified the prese ...	1981	6789690
acute idiopathic polyneuropathy in the dog.	from among a large group of dogs with acute tetraparesis, we identified 10 dogs with a distinct peripheral nerve disorder. prior to the onset of signs, all of the dogs had been healthy, and none was known to have been exposed to a neurotoxin or raccoon bite. weakness, with hypoactive or absent segmental reflexes, became progressively worse for 1 to 21 days. results of electromyography and nerve conduction studies invariably were compatible with a diagnosis of polyneuropathy that predominantly af ...	1981	6270046
rabies in raccoons--virginia.		1981	6789114
correlation of peripheral receptive field area and rostrocaudal locus of neurons within the raccoon cuneate nucleus.	there is a significant positive correlation between peripheral receptive field (rf) area and neuron locus within the rostrocaudal extent of the raccoon cuneate nucleus for units having tactile rfs on the glabrous surfaces of the forepaw digits, larger rfs being associated with more rostrally located neurons, smaller ones with caudally situated neurons, but not for units having tactile rfs on the glabrous surfaces of the palm. for digits and palm, rf areas of neurons of the cuneate nucleus are ap ...	1981	7237136
ammonium urate renal calculus in a raccoon.		1981	7328016
functional reorganization of adult raccoon somatosensory cerebral cortex following neonatal digit amputation.	amputation of a forepaw digit in raccoons 2-8 weeks of age produced dramatic changes in the functional organization of somatosensory cortex examined electrophysiologically 9-12 months later. the cortical region normally representing the digit that was amputated received widely overlapping input from the entire forepaw, with local disruption of somatotopic organization. compared with normal animals, the receptive fields of cortical neurons in amputated animals were larger, often included both gla ...	1981	7284797
fine structure of the oocyst wall and excystation of eimeria procyonis from the american raccoon (procyon lotor).	oocysts of eimeria procyonis, from the american raccoon (procyon lotor), were broken, added to a cell suspension, fixed in karnovsky's fluid, and studied with the electron microscope. the oocyst wall has three layers: a thin electron-dense inner layer (8-15 nm), an electron-lucent middle layer (25-35 nm), and a thick outer layer (120-140 nm). the outer layer has an electron-dense inner portion and an electron-lucent outer portion that contains membrane-bound vesicles. when exposed to a trypsin-s ...	1981	7281900
a horseradish peroxidase study of projections from the main and external cuneate nuclei to the cerebellum of the north american raccoon.	neurons of the raccoon main (mcn) and external (ecn) cuneate nuclei having terminal fields in the anterior lobe and paramedian lobule of the cerebellum were studied by means of the retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (hrp). in the mcn, neurons of the polymorphic regions, but not of the round cell clusters, were labeled following hrp injections of the anterior lobe. hrp-labeled fusiform, triangular, and stellate cells were observed from 3-4 mm caudal to the obex to 2-3 mm rostral to it ...	1982	7174899
the thalamic connectivity of the primary motor cortex (mi) in the raccoon.	the purpose of this study was to determine the pattern of thalamic projections of the primary motor cortex (mi) in the raccoon, a carnivore species noted for neural specialization of sensorimotor function. following electrophysiological identification of circumscribed regions of mi, injections of horseradish peroxidase (hrp) or hrp combined with tritiated amino acids were made in 15 animals. labeled thalamic cells were found predominantly in the ventral lateral nucleus (vl). for a given cortical ...	1982	6276451
generalized amyloidosis and peritonitis in a raccoon.		1982	7174479
cryptosporidiosis in a raccoon.		1982	7174478
effects of polychlorinated biphenyls and nutritional restriction on barbiturate-induced sleeping times and selected blood characteristics in raccoons (procyon lotor).		1982	6807378
reorganization of raccoon somatosensory cortex following removal of the fifth digit.	the organization of part of the primary somatosensory cortex was examined in anesthetized raccoons at 2, 8, or 16 weeks after the normal peripheral input to this region of cortex had been removed by amputation of the fifth digit. electrophysiological recordings were made in and around the cortical area representing the fifth digit. eight intact animals were used to verify that this specific area could be accurately localized on the basis of the sulci and to determine the normal response characte ...	1982	7096623
pseudorabies virus infection in raccoons: a review.	pseudorabies is a rarely reported disease of raccoons. laboratory and field evidence of prv infection suggests the raccoon is a "dead end" host with little opportunity for raccoon-to-raccoon spread of virus. all reported field cases have been associated closely with infected swine and swine have been considered the source of the raccoon infection. the clinical signs of prv in raccoons closely resembles those of canine distemper and rabies virus infections. infection with the latter viruses are c ...	1982	6285008