Publications

helminths in coyotes (canis latrans say), wolves (canis lupus l.), and red foxes (vulpes vulpes l.) of southwestern manitoba.		1978	751709
coyote senses in predation: environmental influences on their relative use.	the purpose of this study was to determine the relative importance of vision, audition, and olfaction to coyotes (canis latrans) hunting under various environmental conditions. the time durations for four coyotes to locate rabbits within a large outdoor enclosure were determined, with the visual, auditory, and olfactory stimuli emitted by the rabbits blocked individually, in pairs, and altogether. visual stimuli were eliminated by conducting the tests only during sub-threshold nocturnal conditio ...	1978	24924653
oral papillomatosis in coyotes (canis latrans) and wolves (canis lupus) of alberta.	twelve cases of oral papillomatosis were detected in wild carnivores of alberta, ten in coyotes (canis latrans) and two in wolves (canis lupus). lesions ranged from mild with a few small papillomas to severe with much of the surface of the lips, tongue and buccal cavity covered with papillomas. three of five coyotes with severe papillomatosis were in obvious poor health. the gross and histologic lesions are described and the significance of this disease in wild carnivores is discussed.	1978	650780
trichodectes canis: severe pediculosis in coyotes.		1978	249149
sarcocystis in feces of coyotes from montana: prevalence and experimental transmission to sheep and cattle.		1978	104939
parasites of the coyote (canis latrans) in central utah.	seventeen coyotes, canis latrans, from central utah were surveyed for parasites. five species of parasites not reported previously from coyotes in utah were detected: filaroides osleri, physaloptera sp., spirocerca sp., ancylostoma caninum, and cediopsylla simplex. in all, 11 genera of parasites were observed.	1978	418190
gastrointestinal parasitism of iowa coyotes in relation to age.	taenia sp., physaloptera sp., ancylostoma caninum, toxascaris leonina, and/or trichuris vulpis were recovered from gastrointestinal tracts of 141 and 144 (97.9%) coyotes ranging from 1/2 to 8 1/2 years of age. ancylostoma caninum exhibited a significant decline in both prevalence and mean number per coyote with increasing age of the host. taenia sp. appeared with consistently high prevalence in all age classes. physaloptera sp. and t. leonina showed general reductions in prevalence in all age cl ...	1978	641673
naturally occurring hepatozoonosis in a coyote.	schizonts of hepatozoon sp. were found in the myocardium of an adult cyote (canis latrans) collected from the aransas national wildlife refuge, austwell, texas. this constitutes the first time hepatozoonosis has been recorded in canidae in the western hemisphere.	1978	650792
visceral lesions in wild carnivores naturally infected with spirocerca lupi.	aortic lesions pathognomonic for spirocerca lupi were found in 123 of 150 (82%) coyotes, canis latrans, 23 of 66 (35%) bobcats, felis rufus, one of five gray foxes, urocyon cinereoargenteus and one of two red foxes, vulpes vulpes, examined in west texas. adult nematodes in the esophagus were recovered from 11 of 150 (7%) coyotes. in the aorta there was initially an acute inflammatory response followed by an eosinophilic granuloma surrounding larval nematodes. the principal lesions was scarring o ...	1978	685080
lungworms in coyotes on the great plains.	a total of 395 coyotes (canis latrans) was examined in the field for lungworms (filaroides osleri and capillaria aerophila) with 60 trachea and bronchial trees returned to the laboratory for detailed examination. coyote carcasses were obtained from eight central states (oklahoma, colorado, wyoming, iowa, south dakota, nebraska, texas, and three regions of kansas). cysts of f. osleri were present in the trachea or first division of bronchi of 68 (17%) of the coyotes examined. c. aerophila infecti ...	1978	691122
osteoarthrosis in a coyote x dog hybrid from nebraska.	osteoarthrosis is described in a wild, 14-year-old coyote (canis latrans) x dog (c. familiaris) hybrid shot in southeastern nebraska. there was ankylosis of five vertebrae, the head of the left femur was absent, and periarticular osteophytes occurred throughout the skeleton. the age is significant because wild coyotes seldom live beyond 6 years and coyote x dog hybrids are considered to be less fit for survival in the wild than coyotes.	1978	691134
capillaria hepatica infection in coyotes of louisiana.	capillaria hepatica infection was diagnosed by histologic examination in 21 of 71 (30%) coyotes in louisiana. all infected coyotes were at least 1 year old, and most (19 of 21) were more than 2 year years old. capillaria hepatica was not found in any livers from 31 red foxes and 20 gray foxes examined.	1978	738939
sarcocystis hemionilatrantis (sp. n.) life cycle in mule deer and coyotes.	fifteen coyotes (canis latrans) shed sporulated sporocysts in their feces after eating freshly ground skeletal muscles from a mule deer (odocoileus hemionus hemionus) infected with microscopic-sized cysts of sarcocystis. sporocysts were shed intermittently from 12 to 36 days after ingestion of the infected meat. sporocyst size averaged 14.4 x 9.3 mum. eleven mule deer fawns orally inoculated with these sporocysts became infected and 9 of 11 died between post-inoculation days (pid) 27 and 63. cli ...	1977	402485
coccidia of coyotes in eastern colorado.	eighty-two coyote fecal samples were collected from eastern colorado and examined for coccidia. sporocysts of sarcocystis were observed in 17 of the samples and oocysts of isospora ohioensis were observed in two samples. ten fecal samples contained eimerian coccidia thought to be pseudoparasites of the coyote acquired while ingesting heavily infected rabbits.	1977	402487
measurement of the auditory sensitivity of the coyote.		1977	871502
agglutinins to coxiella burnetii and brucella spp, with particular reference to brucella canis, in wild animals of southern texas.	the prevalence of agglutinins to coxiella burnetii and brucella spp, particularly brucella canis, was determined in 269 wild animals (14 species) in southern texas. serologic evidence of coxiellosis and brucellosis, including b canis infection, was shown for coyotes, raccoons, opossums, badgers, jackrabbits, and feral hogs. using the microagglutination test, the seroprevalence of c burnetii, phases i and ii (titer greater than or equal to 4) was 4.1 and 27.9%, respectively. for brucella agglutin ...	1977	924870
social communication in canids: evidence for the evolution of a stereotyped mammalian display.	the variability in the duration and form of the canid play bow was studied in infant coyotes, wolves, wolf-dog hybrids, beagles, and adult free-ranging dogs. both duration and form showed marked stereotypy. it appears that the role of this context-specific social signal in the communication of play intention has been fostered by selection for "morphological" stereotypy.	1977	17836077
the variability of some motor components of social play and agonistic behaviour in infant eastern coyotes, canis latrans var.	the duration and stereotypy (in terms of duration) of three actions, stand-overs (so), generalbites (gb), and scruff-bites (sb), were measured during social play and agonistic interactions in infant eastern coyotes (canis latrans). the rate of biting was also calculated. we found: (1) so's and gb's lasted a significantly shorter time during play; (2) when performed during playful interactions, all three acts showed more stereotypy; (3) there was no significant difference between the rates of occ ...	1977	564149
blindness in a coyote, canis latrans, from the rolling plains of texas.	gross and histopathologic lesions in the eyes of a blind coyote, canis latrans, collected in king county, texas are discussed. the animal was in good condition and its age estimated at 7 years. the left globe presented with a superficial corneal erosion, a small punctate erosion, and an apparent lenticular opacity. histologically, there was a mild anterior uveitis and lenticular degeneration with thickening of the anterior lens capsule, cataractous cortex with morgagnian globules and bladder cel ...	1977	864849
hematologic values of conditioned, captive wild coyotes.	hemograms were performed on blood samples collected from 35 coyotes (canis latrans). hematologic values were established for conditioned, captive wild coyotes under controlled conditions of environment and nutrition.	1976	16498887
electrophoretic protein analysis in the conditioned captive wild coyote, canis latrans.	total protein, albumin and serum protein values were determined on 19 male and 14 female captive, vaccinated, wild coyotes. male coyotes had significantly higher total protein, alpha 1 and alpha 2 globulin levels than female coyotes. captive, wild coyotes had lower values for total protein, albumin and beta globulins, and higher values for alpha 2 and gamma globulins than similar values for laboratory dogs. albumin values determined by bromcresol green were slightly higher than values derived by ...	1976	16502686
toxoplasmosis: a serological survey in ontario wildlife.	sera from seven species of wild animals in ontario were examined for antibody to toxoplasma gondii using the sabin-feldman dye test. of 158 sera tested, 53% of the red foxes (vulpes vulpes), 56% of the striped skunks (mephitis mephitis), 78% of the coyotes (canis latrans), 33% of the black bears (ursus americanus), 18% of the short tailed shrews (blarina brevicauda) and none of the field voles (microtus pennsylvanicus) had antibody. antibody to t. gondii was present in sera from wild animals cap ...	1976	16502687
the prevalence of antibodies against toxoplasma gondii in some ontario mammals.	a survey of serum samples from mammals trapped in central ontario showed that many contained antibodies to toxoplasma gondii. the prevalence of infection as reflected by positive reactions in the sabin-feldman dye test appeared to be related to the type of diet of each species examined, and specifically, to the proportion of rodents in the diet. of the fox blood samples tested, 84% were positive. the percentage of positive samples diminished through, coyote, mink, bear, fisher skunk, raccoon, ma ...	1976	16498870
induced sterility for coyote control: effect of cadmium chloride on potential fertility of the male canis familiaris.	6 mature male dogs were treated with .025 gm cadmium chloride in defibrinated pig blood for 10 consecutive days; 4 control dogs received the carrier only. semen was collected by means of an artificial vagina and digital stimulation and a microscopic examination was performed immediately to estimate percent of motile spermatozoa and motility score. histological examination of testicular tissue using a hematoxylin-eosin stain was made at the end of the experiment. the data were evaluated by anal ...	1976	12334674
dirofilariasis in iowa coyotes.	(dirofilaria immitis) were found in eight of 220 (3.6%) coyotes (canis latrans) collected from fur buyers in adams, carroll, cass, and warren counties in southwestern iowa. infections ranged from one to 23 worms per coyote.	1976	933306
species and hybrid differences in frequencies of play and agonistic actions in canids.	developmental changes in the frequency of occurrence of some 23 action patterns were studied in pairs of coyotes, wolves, dogs and their hybrids. over 4,300 entries were recorded from days 24--42 (85.5 h observations in toto). all subjects showed a decrease in contactual behaviors from 24--30 days, and a subsequent increase in play fighting and chasing. in all species, with the exception of the coyotes, the bite was inhibited and play behavior was recorded from 24 days onwards, but only after th ...	1976	944512
bubonic plague from direct exposure to a naturally infected wild coyote.	an 11-year-old boy developed axillary bubonic plague and plague meningitis 3 days after skinning a dead coyote near albuquerque, new mexico. the coyoto carcass was recovered 10 days later, and yersinia pestis was isolated from spleen and marrow of the animal. this is the first report of human plague from exposure to a coyote. a review of experimental and epidemiologic studies suggests that severe plague infection in members of the family canidae is unusual, and that the risk of acquiring plague ...	1976	961983
prevalence of toxoplasma gondii antibodies in wild and domestic animals in northern california.	wild and domestic animals from 3 geographic-climatologic areas in northern california were tested for antibodies against toxoplasma gondii. a total of 2,796 serum samples representing 37 species of wild mammals, 35 species of wild birds, and 5 species of domestic animals were tested by the indirect hemagglutination test. of 1,174 wild mammal serums tested, 10.8% were positive, which compared with 14.7% of the 1,221 domestic mammal serums. of 229 wild carnivores tested, 45% were seropositive, inc ...	1976	977457
encephalitis in a confined coyote.		1976	988012
an investigation of the products of 53 gene loci in three species of wild canidae: canis lupus, canis latrans, and canis familiaris.	this article describes an investigation of inter- and intraspecific variation in three small populations of wild canidae-wolf, coyote, and dingo. the products of 53 gene loci were examined. very little interspecies variation was observed, but the level of intraspecific variation was compatible with that found in man.	1976	1016229
oral infection of mammals with sarcocystis fusiformis bradyzoites from cattle and sporocysts from dogs and coyotes.	individual sporocysts containing 4 sporozoites were shed in the feces of dogs, foxes, and raccoons after ingestion of bovine tissue infected with sarcocystis fusiformis bradyzoites. no sporocysts were shed by cats, monkeys, swine, skunks, ferrets, rats, guinea pigs, or rabbits after ingestion of similar bovine tissue. the shedding of sporocysts by dogs that had ingested tissue from a bovine experimentally infected with sporocysts from coyotes indicated that both canids were definitive hosts for ...	1976	815528
possible species differences between sarcocystis from mule deer and cattle.	in preliminary studies with sarcocystis from bovine (bos taurus) and mule deer (odocoileus hemionus hemionus), a coccidia-free laboratory dog (canis familiaris) and captive coyote (canis latrans) were fed flesh from a local sarcocystis-infected bovine and later flesh from an infected mule deer from eastern oregon. sporocysts were passed in the feces of both canine hosts 10-15 days after ingestion of infected meat. there was a statistical difference in the size of sporocysts derived from bovine a ...	1976	815572
a review of sarcocystis of domestic animals and of other coccidia of cats and dogs.	the nomenclature, life cycles, and pathogenicity of sarcocystis of domestic animals are reviewed. sarcocystis had a 2-host life cycle, with carnivores as definitive hosts and herbivores as intermediate hosts. the following species are found in domestic animals (with the definitive hosts given in parentheses): 3 species in the ox: s cruzi (dog, wolf, coyote, raccoon, fox), s hirsuta (cat), s hominis (man, monkey); 2 species in the sheep: s ovicanis (dog), s tenella (cat); 3 species in the pig: s ...	1976	824260
tyzzer's disease in two coyotes.		1976	977465
insensitivity of the coyote testis to orally administered cadmium.		1976	976586
prey-lithium aversions. i: coyotes and wolves.		1976	938412
predation and aversive conditioning in coyotes.		1975	17799690
paragonimus kellicotti infection in wild carnivores in southwestern ontario: i. prevalence and gross pathologic features.	paragonimus kellicotti ward, 1908 was recovered from 16 of 105 mink (mustela vison), 14 of 244 striped skunks (mephitis mephitis), 10 of 446 red foxes (vulpes vulpes), 1 of 31 coyotes (canis latrans), 0 of 326 raccoons (procyon lotor) and 0 of 8 weasels (mustela spp.) collected from southwestern ontario. the majority of carnivores harboring p. kellicotti was collected from two counties (huron and bruce) bordering the east shore of lake huron where 6.0% of the animals (excluding raccoons) were in ...	1975	1113433
toxoplasma antibodies among bobcats and other carnivores of norther california.	the prevalence of antibodies to toxoplasma gondii was investigated among five species of wild carnivores in norther ccalifornia. the highest prevalence was among bobcats (lynx rufus), with 15 of 21 tested being serologically positive. other results included serological evidence of toxoplasmosis in two of seven raccoons (procyon lotor), one of three badgers (taxidea taxus) and two of three coyotes (canis latrans). two gray foxes (urocyon cinereoargenteus) were serologically negative. oone badger ...	1975	1142562
paragonimus kellicotti infection in wild carnivores in southwestern ontario: ii. histopathologic features.	pulmonary lesions associated with naturally acquired paragonimus kellicotti infection were studied in mink (mustela vison), striped skunks (mephitis mephitis), red foxes (vulpes vulpes) and a coyote (canis latrans). in ,ink a fibrous capsule was formed around mature flukes in dilated bronchioles or bronchi, and there was mild focal interstitial pneumonitis adjacent to fluke eggs in alveoli and migrating parasites. a thick wall, infiltrated heavily with mononuclear cells and eosinophils, surroun ...	1975	1152176
prevalence of dirofilaria immitis in a stray dog population in western new york.	in a survey in 1973 undertaken to determine the prevalence of dirofilaria immitis in 100 dogs from a public pound in western new york, 2 dogs were found to be positive. microfilariae of dipetalonema sp were not present. hearts and pulmonary blood vessels were dissected for adult worms, and blood samples were examined for microfilariae, using a modified knott technique. although adult heartworms and microfilariae have been recovered from wild foxes, coyotes, and wolves in new york, this is the fi ...	1975	1170797
a survey for toxoplasma gondii antibodies in deer and other wildlife on a sheep range.	blood samples were obtained from native mammals and birds on a sheep range (hopland field station) in northern california. serums were tested for antibodies to toxoplasma gondii by the indirect hemagglutination test. of 382 deer that were tested from 1964 to 1973, 77 (20%) were seropositive for t gondii. among 36 serums representing 6 species of wild carnivores (badgers, bobcats, coyotes, foxes, raccoons, and skunks), 18 (50%) were seropositive. all of the 5 bobcats tested were seropositive, wit ...	1975	1176348
muscular cysticercosis from taenia ovis in feedlot lambs.	from a colorado enterprise annually fattening about 50,000 lambs, 3,664 animals were examined for muscular cysticercosis. of the total number, 406 (11.1%) were parasitized, wheras an estimated 0.1% of colorado lamb carcasses are infected. of the infected lambs, 60% had cardiac lesions. two types of cysticerci-viable and degenerated-were found. the lambs probably acquired infection from grazing summer ranges and pastures where coyotes or dogs infected with taenia ovis contaminated the forage.	1975	1184435
sarcocystis fusiformis infection in the coyote (canis latrans).	of 150 fecal samples from coyotes from northern utah and southern idaho, 21 contained coccidian sporocysts. these were found singly, contained four sporozoites and a granular residuum, and averaged 16.9 x 10.9 mum in size. none of four lambs inoculated with these sporocysts showed clinical signs of disease, and no parasites were found in their tissues. one calf inoculated with 135,000 sporocysts and another inoculated with 720,000 sporocysts eventually became unable to rise from recumbency. one ...	1975	804020
experimentally induced sarcocystis infection in calves: pathology.	calves fed sporocysts of sarcocystis isolated from the feces of dogs and coyotes became anorectic, lost weight, and became anemic and prostrate, and died. the most severe pathologic changes occurred between 26 and 33 days after infection; schizonts were found throughout the body. schizonts were not found after this time. sarcocytis cysts were in skeletal and cardiac muscles between 33 and 54 days. necropsy revealed lymphadenopathy, paleness of the mucous membranes and visceral organs, ascites, h ...	1975	807136
scotopic sensitivity in coyotes (canis latrans).	the absolute scotopic limen for light intensity was measured for three 10-mo-old female coyotes. the methodology was similar to that used by blough in determining psychophysical thresholds in pigeons. three coyotes were operantly conditioned to depress one of two foot treadles, left or right, depending on the condition of the stimulus light. scotopic adaptation curves for each coyote were generated. nonlinear regression curves were then fitted to the raw data. the mean scotopic thresholds did no ...	1975	1202101
the tryptic peptides of coyote (canis latrans) hemoglobin.		1974	4458658
observations on the pathogenesis of rabies: experimental infection with a virus of coyote origin.		1974	4844503
probable transmission of echinococcus granulosus between deer and coyotes in california.		1974	4844505
coyote predation control by aversive conditioning.	conditioned aversions were induced in coyotes by producing lithium chloride illness in them following a meal, and the effects upon eating and attack behavior were observed. one trial with a given meat and lithium is sufficient to establish a strong aversion which inhibits eating the flesh of that prey. one or two trials with a given flesh (lamb or rabbit) specifically suppresses the attack upon the averted prey but leaves the coyote free to attack the alternative prey. a method of saving both pr ...	1974	17755036
multiple-species infections of intestinal helminths in kansas coyotes.		1974	4853294
internal parasites of coyotes in southern texas.		1974	4844506
electron microscopy of the virus of oral papillomatosis in the coyote.		1973	4361507
cardiovascular observations in coyotes.		1973	4742081
prevalence of oral papilloma-like lesions in coyotes in alberta.		1973	4750291
mercury concentration in the hair of coyotes and rodents in jackson hole, wyoming.		1973	4780431
capillaria hepatica (nematoda: trichuridae) in a coyote (canis latrans).		1973	4716208
coyote reproduction. i. the duration of the spermatogenic cycle and epididymal sperm transport.		1972	4637632
dental anomalies in coyotes from central alberta.		1972	4634343
juvenile osteomalacia in a coyote.		1972	5021001
hybridization between wolf and coyote.		1971	5581377
morphology and microanatomy of the adrenal cortex of the coyote.		1971	4102243
a study of dog-coyote hybrids and implications concerning hybridization in canis.		1971	5581367
the occurrence of echinococcus granulosus in coyotes (canis latrans) in the central valley of california.		1970	5534027
oral papillomatosis in the coyote in western canada.		1970	5463795
sarcoptic mange in red foxes and coyotes of wisconsin.		1969	5388982
experimental infection of coyote pups with venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus.		1969	5777739
genetic polymorphism of tetrazolium oxidase in dogs.	two alleles, to(a) and to(b), determine a genetic polymorphism of tetrazolium oxidase in canine erythrocytes. the approximate gene frequencies for most dog breeds are 0.94 for to(a) and 0.06 for to(b). the gene frequencies' of the german shepherd, 0.8 for to(a) and 0.2 for to(b), differ significantly from those of other breeds. the electrophoretic tetrazolium oxidase isozyme pattern of canis latrans closely resembles the tetrazolium oxidase a pattern of canis familiaris.	1969	17655049
oral papillomatosis in the coyote.		1968	5689985
response of the coyote to endotoxin.		1967	5338715
transmission experiments with bat rabies isolates: bite transmission of rabies to foxes and coyote by free-tailed bats.		1966	5913028
the coyote, a potential host for babesia canis and ehrlichia sp.		1964	14215497
studies on infectious diseases in wild animals in utah. v. experimental rocky mountain spotted fever in the coyote, canis latrans lestes merriam.		1963	14170550
symptoms noted in rabid coyotes in alberta.		1958	17649031
the intestinal helminths of the coyote canis latrans say, in utah.		1954	13192542
a means to distinguish skulls of coyotes and domestic dogs.		1949	18121322
a deer-coyote episode.		1947	20295987
coyote or bear?		1893	17746218
poor health is associated with use of anthropogenic resources in an urban carnivore.	rates of encounters between humans and wildlife are increasing in cities around the world, especially when wildlife overlap with people in time, space and resources. coyotes (canis latrans) can make use of anthropogenic resources and reported rates of conflict have increased in cities across north america. this increase may be linked to individual differences in the use of human food and developed areas. we compared the relationships between coyote age, sex or health and the use of anthropogenic ...	0	25876843