Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| ontogenetic bases of canine dimorphism in anthropoid primates. | this study tests hypotheses regarding the ontogeny of canine tooth size dimorphism in five anthropoid primate species (saguinus fuscicollis, macaca mulatta, cercocebus atys, papio hamadryas, and mandrillus sphinx). canine measurements and chronological age data are analyzed to determine if bimaturism, a sex difference in the age at which eruption ceases, accounts for canine tooth sexual dimorphism. canine height measurements are evaluated through a variety of regression techniques. results show ... | 2005 | 15584072 |
| flow cytometric sorting of non-human primate sperm nuclei. | pre-determination of the sex of offspring has implications for management and conservation of captive wildlife species, particularly those with single sex-dominated social structures. our goal is to adapt flow cytometry technology to sort spermatozoa of non-human primate species for use with assisted reproductive technologies. the objectives of this study were to: (i) determine the difference in dna content between x- and y-bearing spermatozoa (ii) sort sperm nuclei into x- and y-enriched sample ... | 2005 | 15589288 |
| omental anatomy of non-human primates. | the anatomy and physiology of the omentum provide optimum reconstructive characteristics and the omentum may be used as a free or pedicled autograft, but also as the receptor site for engraftment of glandular islets. our purpose was the study of the omental anatomy of non-human primate (nhp), in order to determine an experimental model for pancreatic islets transplantation. seventeen cadavers nhp (age range 4 years to 23 years) were utilised in this anatomical study. both cynomolgus monkeys (mac ... | 2005 | 16237487 |
| leveraging human genomic information to identify nonhuman primate sequences for expression array development. | nonhuman primates (nhps) are essential for biomedical research due to their similarities to humans. the utility of nhps will be greatly increased by the application of genomics-based approaches such as gene expression profiling. sequence information from the 3' end of genes is the key resource needed to create oligonucleotide expression arrays. | 2005 | 16288651 |
| inflammatory, hemostatic, and clinical changes in a baboon experimental model for heatstroke. | the mortality and neurological morbidity in heatstroke have been attributed to the host's inflammatory and hemostatic responses to heat stress, suggesting that immunomodulation may improve outcome. we postulated that an experimental baboon model of heatstroke will reproduce human responses and clinical outcome to allow testing of new therapeutic strategies. eight anesthetized juvenile baboons (papio hamadryas) were subjected to heat stress in an incubator maintained at 44-47 degrees c until rect ... | 2005 | 15475604 |
| does relative economic value of food elicit purposeful encounter in the yellow baboons (papio hamadryas cynocephalus) of ruaha national park, tanzania? | in the dry season, baboons traveled purposefully to spatially predictable foods that provided a relatively large number of grams per minute of preparation (e.g., economical foods), but not to predictable foods that merely accounted for a large proportion of feeding time (pochron in int j primatol 22:773-785, 2001). in this paper, i examined the generality of those findings across seasons and applied the same methods to baboons eating a lush-season diet. i hypothesized that baboons should travel ... | 2005 | 15340858 |
| clinical and eeg phenotypes of epilepsy in the baboon (papio hamadryas spp.). | spontaneous seizures have been reported in several baboon subspecies housed at the southwest foundation for biomedical research (sfbr), including papio hamadryas anubis as well as cynocephalus/anubis and other hybrids. this study classified clinical and electroencephalographic (eeg) phenotypes in these subspecies based upon interictal and ictal findings, as well as photosensitivity, by scalp eeg. one hundred baboons underwent 1-h eeg studies with photic stimulation (ps), 49 with previously witne ... | 2005 | 15994062 |
| a review of spontaneous neoplasia in baboons (papio spp.). | the baboon has become an increasingly important animal model and accurate information on baboon neoplasia is frequently required for biomedical research. to satisfy this demand, a complete literature search was carried out. two hundred and four spontaneous neoplasms were found in published literature: 53 cases were male (26%), 76 were female (37%); sex was not reported in 75 cases (37%). ages ranged from 3 months to 31 years (mean 14.1 years) in the 93 cases that reported them. spontaneous neopl ... | 2005 | 15860111 |
| male chacma baboons (papio hamadryas ursinus) discriminate loud call contests between rivals of different relative ranks. | males in multi-male groups of chacma baboons (papio hamadryas ursinus) in botswana compete for positions in a linear dominance hierarchy. previous research suggests that males treat different categories of rivals differently; competitive displays between males of similar rank are more frequent and intense than those between disparately ranked males. here we test whether males also respond differently to male-male interactions in which they are not directly involved, using playbacks of the loud ' ... | 2005 | 15164259 |
| regularities and diversity in developmental pathways: mother-infant relationships in hamadryas baboons. | change, stasis, stability, discontinuity, orderliness, and diversity are all potential characteristics of developmental systems. this study uses multilevel modeling to characterize the normative developmental pathways of the early social relationships of 23 mother-infant pairs embedded in a multilayered colony of hamadryas baboons (papio hamadryas hamadryas). the relationships were assessed by means of 27 behavioral measures that were collected during 100-220 focal sampling sessions per infant, ... | 2005 | 16284971 |
| experimental heatstroke in baboon: analysis of the systemic inflammatory response. | the objective of this study was to analyze the pattern of the inflammatory response to heatstroke in an experimental baboon model with a view to identifying potential target for therapeutic interventions. blinded analysis of plasma collected from 12 juvenile baboons (papio hamadryas) in heatstroke was used. eight anesthetized animals were heat-stressed in an incubator at 44 degrees c to 47 degrees c until rectal temperature was 42.5 degrees c (moderate heatstroke; n = 4) or systolic arterial pre ... | 2005 | 16205317 |
| synthesis and in vivo evaluation of a novel peripheral benzodiazepine receptor pet radioligand. | the novel pyrazolopyrimidine ligand, n,n-diethyl-2-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5,7-dimethyl-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-3-yl]-acetamide 1 (dpa-713), has been reported as a potent ligand for the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor (pbr) displaying an affinity of k(i)=4.7 nm. in this study, 1 was successfully synthesised and demethylated to form the phenolic derivative 6 as precursor for labelling with carbon-11 (t(1/2) = 20.4 min). [11c]1 was prepared by o-alkylation of 6 with [11c]methyl iodide. the radioc ... | 2005 | 16039131 |
| mother-infant relationships in baboons (papio hamadryas): predictors of differences and discontinuities in developmental pathways. | this study uses hierarchical linear regression modeling to analyze sources of variation in the developmental pathways of mother-infant relationships and to search for behavioral discontinuities. the data come from 23 mother-infant dyads of baboons (papio hamadryas), whose interactions were recorded longitudinally during the infants' 1st year of life. the infant's sex and the mother's age and reproductive experience accounted for part of the variation observed in the developmental pathways of 11 ... | 2005 | 16131260 |
| cranial ontogeny of papio baboons (papio hamadryas). | cranial form in subspecies of papio baboons (papio hamadryas) varies in relation to size, geography, and sex. however, knowledge about this variation is based mainly on adults, precluding direct assessments of the evolutionary factors that are ultimately responsible for adult shape variation. consequently, this study tests hypotheses about the development of size and shape differences among subspecies of papio baboons, anticipating limited evolutionary divergences in the ontogenetic pathways lea ... | 2006 | 16345071 |
| early sexual maturity in male hamadryas baboons (papio hamadryas hamadryas) and its reproductive implications. | we present data on sexual maturity in young hamadryas baboon males (papio hamadryas hamadryas) and its reproductive consequences in a large captive baboon colony. hamadryas baboons live in a multilevel social system, with one-male units (omus) as the smallest social entity. male leaders of omus are believed to monopolize matings within their omus; hence mating is believed to be polygynous and monandrous. in a captive colony of hamadryas baboons, we found evidence that young males less than 4 yea ... | 2006 | 16331661 |
| a male baboon (papio hamadryas) with a mosaic 43,xxy/42,xy karyotype. | 2006 | 16315270 | |
| one-male units and clans in a colony of hamadryas baboons (papio hamadryas hamadryas): effect of male number and clan cohesion on feeding success. | in the multilevel societies of hamadryas baboons, adult males can be attached to single one-male units (omus) or to clans containing several such omus. this paper examines the effect of male number and rivalry between males within a clan on their ability to compete for access to a clumped food resource. the data come from a study of a multilevel colony of hamadryas baboons (papio hamadryas hamadryas) housed at the madrid zoo. the colony consisted of 12 harem-holding males and 40 sexually mature ... | 2006 | 16419105 |
| two takeovers in wild hamadryas baboons. | 2006 | 10828697 | |
| the ecology of motherhood: the structuring of lactation costs by chacma baboons. | 1. data from a long-term study of papio hamadryas ursinus (l.) in the de hoop nature reserve, western cape, south africa, were used to test the assumptions and predictions of altmann's model of maternal time budgets. 2. female baboons' feeding time was below model predictions, and there was no evidence for a consistent increase in feeding time with infant age. in addition, female feeding time was not significantly higher than observed baseline feeding times for nonlactating females. 3. female ba ... | 2006 | 17009751 |
| conflict management by hamadryas baboons (papio hamadryas hamadryas) during crowding: a tension-reduction strategy. | primates change a variety of behavioral responses during short-term exposure to crowding. under crowded conditions, rates of aggression, submissive behavior, and affiliative behavior may increase or decrease. different patterns of change among these three categories of response have been interpreted as various coping "strategies" for managing the increased risk of conflict under crowded conditions. grooming is of particular interest because this behavior is known to have a calming influence on t ... | 2006 | 16892412 |
| primary amenorrhea associated with ovarian leiomyoma in a baboon (papio hamadryas). | a 6-y-old female baboon was examined due to absence of menstrual cycling and secondary sex characteristics and failure to reproduce. the mammary glands and vaginal introitus were hypoplastic, the clitoris was prominent, and the perineal skin was immature with lack of cyclic color alterations and sexual swelling. evaluation of the reproductive tract revealed a hypoplastic uterus and rudimentary ovaries with the presence of an ovarian leiomyoma within the right ovary. hormonal values (estradiol, p ... | 2006 | 16642973 |
| bone alp and oc reference standards in adult baboons (papio hamadryas) by sex and age. | serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (bone alp) and intact osteocalcin (oc) are markers of bone formation of interest because of easy measurability and potential utility as identifiers of those at risk for fractures associated with bone metabolism disorders. the baboon (papio hamadryas) exhibits extensive biological similarities to humans making it particularly well suited to studies of bone maintenance and turnover. | 2006 | 16556296 |
| [analysis of reproductive indices of a hamadryas baboon colony in the sukhumi nursery]. | 2006 | 2934911 | |
| [the characteristics of the intragroup behavior of rhesus macaques and hamadryas baboons during the realization of food motivation in a competitive situation]. | the aim of the present work is to consider the specific interrelations in "family" units of macaques (macaca mulatta) and baboons (papio hamadryas) during food-getting reactions in competitive conditions. detailed analysis of dyadic interactions revealed that competing partners demonstrate more various types of behaviour tactics at the initial stage of learning. at the final one, only males of both investigated species performed instrumental reactions and received the food reward. all females de ... | 2006 | 1300021 |
| low y chromosome variation in saudi-arabian hamadryas baboons (papio hamadryas hamadryas). | it is important to characterise the amount of variation on the mammalian y chromosome in order to assess its potential for use in evolutionary studies. we report very low levels of polymorphism on the y chromosome of saudi-arabian hamadryas baboons, papio hamadryas hamadryas. we found no segregating sites on the y, despite sequence analysis of 3 kb noncontiguous intron sequence in 16 males with divergent autosomal microsatellite genotypes, and a further analysis of 1.1 kb intron sequence in 97 m ... | 2006 | 16508662 |
| trisomy of chromosome 18 in the baboon (papio hamadryas anubis). | trisomy 18 is usually a lethal chromosomal abnormality and is the second most common autosomal trisomy in humans, with an incidence of 1:8000 live births. it is commonly associated with abnormalities of the lower and upper extremities, having the frequency of 95% and 65%, respectively. a newborn female olive baboon (papio hamadryas anubis) was diagnosed with intrauterine growth retardation and severe arthrogryposis-like congenital joint deformities. cytogenetic analysis including g-banding and f ... | 2006 | 16276093 |
| thermal constraints on activity scheduling and habitat choice in baboons. | the importance of thermoregulation as a constraint on behavior has received comparatively little attention in relation to other ecological factors. despite this, a number of studies suggested that high temperature may represent an important ecological constraint. this paper examines the impact of temperature on activity scheduling in a troop of chacma baboons (papio hamadryas ursinus) at de hoop nature reserve, south africa. once the daily, seasonal, and individual effects were controlled for, t ... | 2006 | 16323181 |
| jejunal intussusception and small bowel transmural infarction in a baboon (papio hamadryas anubis). | a 4.3-y-old, colony-bred female baboon (papio hamadryas anubis) of low social rank and exhibiting no clinically significant signs of illness or distress was found dead at the oklahoma university health sciences center baboon breeding facility at el reno, ok. prior to death she exhibited excessive grooming behavior both toward herself and other baboons. in addition, she was consistently shy, timid, reclusive, and prone to minimal sustained movement (that is, generally lethargic behavior). animals ... | 2006 | 16542042 |
| behavioural and hormonal responses to predation in female chacma baboons (papio hamadryas ursinus). | in humans, bereavement is associated with an increase in glucocorticoid (gc) levels, though this increase can be mitigated by social support. we examined faecal gc levels and grooming behaviour of free-ranging female baboons to determine whether similar effects were also evident in a non-human species. females who lost a close relative experienced a significant increase in gc levels in the weeks following their relative's death compared with the weeks before, whereas control females showed no su ... | 2006 | 16608690 |
| genetic evidence for female-biased dispersal and gene flow in a polygynous primate. | many models of sex-biased dispersal predict that the direction of sex-bias depends upon a species' mating system. in agreement with this, almost all polygynous mammals show male-biased dispersal whereas largely monogamous birds show female-biased dispersal (fbd). the hamadryas baboon (papio hamadryas hamadryas) is polygynous and so dispersal is predicted to be male biased, as is found in all other baboon subspecies, but there are conflicting field data showing both female and male dispersal. usi ... | 2006 | 16615216 |
| a second-generation genetic linkage map of the baboon (papio hamadryas) genome. | construction of genetic linkage maps for nonhuman primate species provides information and tools that are useful for comparative analysis of chromosome structure and evolution and facilitates comparative analysis of meiotic recombination mechanisms. most importantly, nonhuman primate genome linkage maps provide the means to conduct whole genome linkage screens for localization and identification of quantitative trait loci that influence phenotypic variation in primate models of common complex hu ... | 2006 | 16697552 |
| [immunogenicity of b-antigen in experimental plague and pseudotuberculosis]. | the results of the evaluation of the immunogenic properties of b-antigen, earlier identified in the culture fluid of yersinia pseudotuberculosis submerged culture, with respect to experimental plague and pseudotuberculosis are presented. b-antigen has been shown to produce protective effect in guinea pigs and, probably, hamadryas baboons, but not in white mice infected with the causative agent of plague. immunizaton with b-antigen protects guinea pigs from primary pneumonic plague caused by both ... | 2006 | 16830590 |
| alpha-defensins from blood leukocytes of the monkey papio hamadryas. | three antimicrobial peptides named phd1-3 (papio hamadryas defensin) have been isolated from hamadryas baboon blood leukocytes using preparative electrophoresis and reverse-phase hplc. the primary structures of these peptides have been determined by automated edman degradation and mass-spectrometry. the results suggest that the peptides belong to the alpha-defensin family. structural homology analysis reveals that among alpha-defensins from other animal species, phd3 is the most closely related ... | 2006 | 16978151 |
| functional morphology of the first cervical vertebra in humans and nonhuman primates. | the cervical vertebral column bears or balances the weight of the head supported by the nuchal muscles that partly originate from the cervical vertebrae. the position of the head relative to the vertebral column, and consequently locomotion and posture behavior, could thus be associated with the form of the cervical vertebrae. in spite of this assumption and some empirical indications along these lines, primate vertebral morphologies have been reported to be very similar and not clearly related ... | 2006 | 16955497 |
| why be diurnal? or, why not be cathemeral? | as a behavioural strategy, cathemerality is thought to confer considerable advantages by allowing animals to extend activity flexibly into either the diurnal or nocturnal phase in response to the prevailing ecological conditions. factors such as temperature, access to food sources and minimising the risk of predation are all thought to be important in promoting cathemerality, although previous studies have produced inconsistent results. this paper adopts a different approach by first asking whet ... | 2006 | 16415578 |
| a naturally occurring fatal case of herpesvirus papio 2 pneumonia in an infant baboon (papio hamadryas anubis). | here we describe the unusual finding of herpesvirus pneumonia in a 7-d-old infant baboon (papio hamadryas anubis). this animal had been separated from its dam the morning of its birth and was being hand-reared for inclusion in a specific pathogen-free colony. the baboon was presented for anorexia and depression of 2 d duration. physical examination revealed a slightly decreased body temperature, lethargy, and dyspnea. the baboon was placed on a warm-water blanket and was given amoxicillin-clavul ... | 2006 | 16539338 |
| growth modification of the mandible with ultrasound in baboons: a preliminary report. | growth modification for patients with skeletal class ii malocclusions due to mandibular deficiency is controversial. low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (lipus) can modify mandibular growth in growing rabbits. before applying this treatment to humans, we must study the effect on mandibular growth in higher animal models. the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of lipus on mandibular growth in baboons. | 2006 | 17045140 |
| [histochemical observations on bone marrow cellular elements. iv. cytotopochemistry of bone marrow cellule in papio hamadryas]. | 2006 | 13404142 | |
| [changes in the morphological and cytogenetic indices of the hematopoietic system of papio hamadryas in chronic irradiation at low doses]. | 2006 | 7313090 | |
| trisomy 17 in a baboon (papio hamadryas) with polydactyly, patent foramen ovale and pyelectasis. | trisomy 13 in humans is the third most common autosomal abnormality at birth, after trisomy 21 and trisomy 18. it has a reported incidence of between 1:5,000 and 1:30,000 live births. it is associated with multiple abnormalities, many of which shorten lifespan. we describe here the first reported case of a baboon (papio hamadryas) with trisomy of chromosome 17, which is homologous to human chromosome 13. the trisomic infant was born to a consanguineous pair of baboons and had morphological chara ... | 2007 | 17330307 |
| high-resolution imaging of the large non-human primate brain using micropet: a feasibility study. | the neuroanatomy and physiology of the baboon brain closely resembles that of the human brain and is well suited for evaluating promising new radioligands in non-human primates by pet and spect prior to their use in humans. these studies are commonly performed on clinical scanners with 5 mm spatial resolution at best, resulting in sub-optimal images for quantitative analysis. this study assessed the feasibility of using a micropet animal scanner to image the brains of large non-human primates, i ... | 2007 | 17975287 |
| metabolic adjustments to moderate maternal nutrient restriction. | reduced food availability in pregnancy influences fetal growth, obstetric outcomes and offspring health in both developing and developed countries. the objective of the present study was to determine responses to moderate global maternal nutrient restriction (mnr) during pregnancy in baboons (papio hamadryas) - an established non-human primate model for pregnancy-related research. starting at 30 d gestation (dg), twelve pregnant baboons received 70 % of food (mnr group) consumed by twenty ad lib ... | 2007 | 17391566 |
| middle pleistocene fossil cercopithecidae from asbole, afar region, ethiopia. | a sample of 117 fossil cercopithecids has been collected from the middle pleistocene site of asbole, afar region, ethiopia. a minimum of five species is present. there are two species of cercopithecini, here recognized as cf. chlorocebus aff. aethiops, and cf. chlorocebus cf. patas. there are also two species of papionini: papio hamadryas ssp. indet. and theropithecus oswaldi leakeyi. finally, there is a single species of colobine present, colobus sp. indet. the assemblage is chronologically con ... | 2007 | 17658583 |
| reduced reproductive function in wild baboons (papio hamadryas anubis) related to natural consumption of the african black plum (vitex doniana). | several authors have suggested that the consumption of plant compounds may have direct effects on wild primate reproductive biology, but no studies have presented physiological evidence of such effects. here, for two troops of olive baboons (papio hamadryas anubis) at gashaka-gumti national park, nigeria, we show major seasonal increases in levels of fecal progesterone metabolites in females, and provide evidence that this is linked to the consumption of natural plant compounds. increases in fec ... | 2007 | 17681506 |
| sequence-specific analysis of microchimerism by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction in same-sex nonhuman primates after islet and bone marrow transplantation. | accurate and sensitive detection of microchimerism in nonhuman primates (nhps) after hematopoietic cell transplantation is essential for monitoring cell engraftment, for evaluating the success of transplant protocols, and for expanding the utility of nhp in transplantation studies. because limited sequences are available for nhp major histocompatibility complex polymorphic loci, methods that can accurately determine low levels of donor cells in recipients with same-sex bone marrow transplantatio ... | 2007 | 18165781 |
| repeat expansion in spinocerebellar ataxia type 17 alleles of the tata-box binding protein gene: an evolutionary approach. | the variability and mutational changes of the cag microsatellite in the tata-box binding protein gene (tbp) were studied. we sequenced the microsatellite of the tbp gene of 25 unrelated individuals from northern germany (10 sca17 patients and 15 unaffected control individuals). in addition, the microsatellites were sequenced from individuals of 10 northern german families with at least one family member affected by sca17. to study also the evolutionary history of this cag/caa microsatellite in n ... | 2007 | 17033685 |
| comparison of propofol and isoflurane anesthesia in orthotopic pig-to-baboon cardiac xenotransplantation. | orthotopic pig-to-baboon xenogeneic heart transplantation (oxhtx) is the only accepted preclinical animal model for cardiac xenotransplantation. we compared the hemodynamic stability of a propofol- and isoflurane-based anesthetic regimen during oxhtx. | 2007 | 17489866 |
| life history theory and dental development in four species of catarrhine primates. | dental development was reconstructed in several individuals representing four species of catarrhine primates--symphalangus syndactylus, hylobates lar, semnopithecus entellus priam, and papio hamadryas--using the techniques of dental histology. bar charts assumed to represent species-typical dental development were constructed from these data and estimated ages at first and third molar emergence were plotted on them along with ages at weaning, menarche, and first reproduction from the literature. ... | 2007 | 17706270 |
| cross-sectional growth standards for captive baboons: i. organ weight by chronological age. | we present the first cross-sectional organ weight reference standards for captive baboons (papio hamadryas). organ weight data were obtained from necropsy reports for 634 healthy, pedigreed, captive female and male baboons. from summary statistics we calculated and fit cross-sectional, sex-specific percentile curves for: adrenals, brain, eyes, heart, kidneys, liver plus gall bladder, lungs, pancreas, pituitary gland, spleen, and thyroid gland in two year age class intervals and summary statistic ... | 2007 | 8169943 |
| cross-sectional growth standards for captive baboons: ii. organ weight by body weight. | we present the first cross-sectional organ weight by body weight reference standards for captive baboons (papio hamadryas). organ weight data were obtained from necropsy reports for 634 healthy, pedigreed, captive female and male baboons. from summary statistics we calculated and fit cross-sectional sex-specific percentile curves for: adrenals, brain, eyes, heart, kidneys, liver plus gall bladder, lungs, pancreas, pituitary gland, spleen, and thyroid gland in three kilogram body weight intervals ... | 2007 | 8169944 |
| glucocorticoids do not protect against the lethal effects of experimental heatstroke in baboons. | the mortality and neurological morbidity in heatstroke have been attributed to the host's inflammatory responses to heat stress, suggesting that anti-inflammatory therapy may improve outcome. we tested the hypothesis that a high dose of dexamethasone protects baboons against the lethal effects of heatstroke. ten anesthetized baboons (papio hamadryas) were assigned randomly to dexamethasone (n = 5) or control group (n = 5). dexamethasone (2 mg/kg i.v.) was administered in four divided doses every ... | 2007 | 17438465 |
| heritability of brain volume, surface area and shape: an mri study in an extended pedigree of baboons. | to evaluate baboons (papio hamadryas) as a primate model for the study of the genetic control of brain size and internal structure, we performed high resolution (<500 microm) magnetic resonance imaging on 109 pedigreed baboons. quantitative genetic analysis of these mr images using a variance components approach indicates that native (untransformed) brain volume exhibits significant heritability among these baboons (h(2) = 0.52, p = 0.0049), with age and sex also accounting for substantial varia ... | 2007 | 17437285 |
| genetic correlations between mandibular molar cusp areas in baboons. | primate evolutionary studies rely significantly on dental variation given the large role that teeth play in how an organism interacts with its environment (animal and plant) and conspecifics. variation in cusp size has been shown to vary among primate taxa, although most studies to date focused on extant and extinct hominoids. here we test the assumed hypothesis that a significant proportion of this variation in baboons is due to the additive effects of genes. we perform quantitative genetic ana ... | 2007 | 17154363 |
| a study on the social structure and dispersal patterns of hamadryas baboons living in a commensal group at taif, saudi arabia. | three levels of hamadryas social structure--the one male unit (omu), the band, and the troop--have been observed at all sites studied, but a fourth--the clan--has been observed at only one site, erer-gota, ethiopia, during a longitudinal check of the dispersion of identified individuals. the clan is important since it appears to provide the basis for male philopatry, although comparative data is needed from other sites to confirm this. we studied a huge commensal group of hamadryas baboons (over ... | 2007 | 17415621 |
| a multivariate comparison of dental variation in wild and captive populations of baboons (papio hamadryas). | phenotypic variation is critical to many aspects of biological research. use of a captive population to address questions concerning the genetics and evolution of dental variation raises the question of how the pattern of phenotypic variation under study compares with that in a wild population of the same species. differences in the pattern of variation within wild and captive populations may indicate different genetic and non-genetic factors, and also may have implications for how well the capt ... | 2007 | 17049484 |
| an agent-based model of group decision making in baboons. | we present an agent-based model of the key activities of a troop of chacma baboons (papio hamadryas ursinus) based on the data collected at de hoop nature reserve in south africa. we analyse the predictions of the model in terms of how well it is able to duplicate the observed activity patterns of the animals and the relationship between the parameters that control the agent's decision procedure and the model's predictions. at the current stage of model development, we are able to show that acro ... | 2007 | 17428770 |
| pet imaging in the photosensitive baboon: case-controlled study. | the baboon (papio hamadryas spp) offers a natural primate animal model of photosensitive generalized epilepsy. this study compared changes in cerebral blood flow (cbf) during intermittent light stimulation (ils) between photosensitive and asymptomatic baboons. | 2007 | 17295617 |
| kin-mediated reconciliation substitutes for direct reconciliation in female baboons. | it has been hypothesized that group-living mammals engage in reconciliation (post-conflict affiliation between former opponents) to reduce the disruptive costs of aggression and restore opponents' tolerance to baseline levels. recipients of aggression are sometimes reluctant to tolerate the proximity of a recent opponent, however, in apparent fear that aggression will be renewed. in such cases, reconciliatory behaviour by the aggressor's close kin may substitute for direct reconciliation. we des ... | 2007 | 17301022 |
| composition and seasonality of diet in wild hamadryas baboons: preliminary findings from filoha. | here we report the first year-round quantitative data on dietary composition and seasonality in wild hamadryas baboons. study subjects were adult male members of band 3 at the filoha field site in central lowland ethiopia. data collection consisted of 10-min focal samples during all-day follows 4-6 days per month over the course of 1 year. the two largest contributors to the diet were hyphaene thebaica and acacia senegal, and these were the only plant species found in the diet during every month ... | 2008 | 18931503 |
| osteopenia and osteoporosis in adult baboons (papio hamadryas). | little is known about the degree to which baboons, an important animal model in skeletal research, spontaneously experience age-related osteopenia and osteoporosis. | 2008 | 18642436 |
| the effects of diabetes and aminoguanidine treatment on endothelial function in a primate model of type 1 diabetes. | abnormalities of endothelial function have been demonstrated in diabetes and are thought to play a role in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications. the aims of this study were to determine whether aminoguanidine, an inhibitor of glycation, can prevent endothelial and microcirculation abnormalities in a primate model of type 1 diabetes. male baboons (papio hamadryas) were assigned to one of the four groups: control, diabetes, control treated with aminoguanidine or diabetes treated with aminogu ... | 2008 | 18481256 |
| social stressors and coping mechanisms in wild female baboons (papio hamadryas ursinus). | we examined the social correlates of fecal glucocorticoid (gc) levels in wild female baboons during a period of social and demographic stability. females' gc levels were not affected by individual attributes such as number of kin or dominance rank, nor could we detect any significant seasonal effects. instead, gc levels were influenced by behavioral attributes that varied between individuals and within individuals across time. pregnant and cycling females who received high rates of aggression ha ... | 2008 | 18076884 |
| hormonal correlates of ontogeny in baboons (papio hamadryas anubis) and mangabeys (cercocebus atys). | this study investigates the relationship between serum hormone levels and morphometrics during ontogeny in olive baboons (papio hamadryas anubis) and sooty mangabeys (cercocebus atys), to test hypotheses about the endocrine regulation of species size differences. first, we expect that levels of hormones and binding proteins predict size change during ontogeny in both species. second, a high level of integration among the hormones and binding proteins analyzed is expected, with the implication th ... | 2008 | 18257016 |
| baboon sexual swellings: information content of size and color. | primate sexual swellings are hormone-dependent sexual signals that play a key role in determining patterns of behavior. they are among the most conspicuous signals exhibited by any mammal, and their large size and bright coloration have fascinated evolutionary biologists for well over a century. a number of different adaptive hypotheses have been proposed for the evolution of sexual swellings, and there have been several recent attempts to test some of these using precise swelling measurements m ... | 2008 | 18206889 |
| tracking dietary transitions in weanling baboons (papio hamadryas anubis) using strontium/calcium ratios in enamel. | strontium and calcium are incorporated into developing teeth in a manner that reflects changing physiological concentrations in the body. a new model predicts changes in strontium/calcium (sr/ca) ratios in response to dietary transitions experienced at birth and during the weaning period. microsampling of longitudinal thin sections of tooth enamel using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry provides a basis for the systematic evaluation of variation in sr/ca ratios within t ... | 2008 | 18204264 |
| behavioral variation and reproductive success of male baboons (papio anubis x papio hamadryas) in a hybrid social group. | we take advantage of an array of hybrid baboons (papio anubis x papio hamadryas) living in the same social group to explore the causes and consequences of different male mating strategies. male hamadryas hold one-male units and exhibit a sustained, intense interest in adult females, regardless of the latter's reproductive state. anubis baboons, by contrast, live in multi-male, multi-female groups where males compete for females only when the latter are estrous. these two taxa interbreed to form ... | 2008 | 17724672 |
| network scaling reveals consistent fractal pattern in hierarchical mammalian societies. | recent studies have demonstrated that human societies are hierarchically structured with a consistent scaling ratio across successive layers of the social network; each layer of the network is between three and four times the size of the preceding (smaller) grouping level. here we show that similar relationships hold for four mammalian taxa living in multi-level social systems. for elephant (loxodonta africana), gelada (theropithecus gelada) and hamadryas (papio hamadryas hamadryas) baboon, succ ... | 2008 | 18765349 |
| maternal parity affects neonatal survival rate in a colony of captive bred baboons (papio hamadryas). | non-human primates, particularly baboons, are valuable as animal models for reproductive research, because of their similarity to humans. knowledge of colony-specific pregnancy and neonatal outcomes is essential for interpretation of such research. | 2008 | 18194221 |
| gastroesophageal reflux disease in baboons (papio sp.): a new animal model. | gastroesophageal reflux disease (gerd) is increasingly prevalent in the human population. current animal models require surgical or other manipulation to produce symptoms. an animal model that exhibits spontaneous gerd would provide the opportunity for much-needed research examining the susceptibility, diagnosis, and treatment of gerd. | 2008 | 18199068 |
| trypanosoma cruzi in non-human primates with a history of stillbirths: a retrospective study (papio hamadryas spp.) and case report (macaca fascicularis). | congenital transmission of trypanosoma cruzi has been described in humans and experimental work has been conducted with mice, but not with non-human primates (nhps). | 2008 | 18671769 |
| a genomewide linkage scan for quantitative trait loci influencing the craniofacial complex in baboons (papio hamadryas spp.). | numerous studies have detected significant contributions of genes to variation in development, size, and shape of craniofacial traits in a number of vertebrate taxa. this study examines 43 quantitative traits derived from lateral cephalographs of 830 baboons (papio hamadryas) from the pedigreed population housed at the southwest national primate research center. quantitative genetic analyses were conducted using the solar analytic platform, a maximum-likelihood variance components method that in ... | 2008 | 18757921 |
| effectiveness of saliva collection and enzyme-immunoassay for the quantification of cortisol in socially housed baboons. | circulating cortisol levels are often used to assess the biological stress response in captive primates. some methods commonly used to collect blood samples may alter the stress response. as such, noninvasive means to analyze cortisol levels are increasingly being developed. we adapted an existing collection method to simultaneously obtain saliva from multiple socially living hamadryas baboons (papio hamadryas hamadryas) and validated an enzyme-immunoassay kit to quantify cortisol within the sal ... | 2008 | 18785637 |
| molecular cloning and expression characterization of apoc-i in the orange-spotted grouper. | endogenous yolk nutrients are crucial for embryo and larval development in fish, but developmental behavior of the genes that control yolk utilization remains unknown. apolipoproteins have been shown to play important roles in lipid transport and uptake through the circulation system. in this study, ecapoc-i, the first cloned apoc-i in teleosts, has been screened from pituitary cdna library of female orange-spotted grouper (epinephelus coioides), and the deduced amino acid sequence shows 43.5% i ... | 2008 | 18958591 |
| use of palm trees as a sleeping site for hamadryas baboons (papio hamadryas hamadryas) in ethiopia. | hamadryas baboons sleep on cliffs throughout their range, and this can be attributed to the safety cliffs provide against predators in the absence of tall trees. in this paper, we report the first documented occurrence of hamadryas baboons sleeping in doum palm trees rather than on cliffs. data derive from a study of hamadryas baboons at the filoha site in lowland ethiopia. during all-day follows, data were collected on travel patterns, band activity, and location. variation in the baboons' home ... | 2008 | 17701992 |
| the baboon model (papio hamadryas) of fetal loss: maternal weight, age, reproductive history and pregnancy outcome. | several risk factors are associated with the incidence of human stillbirths. the prevention of stillbirths in women is a pressing clinical problem. | 2008 | 19017195 |
| [identification of clinical isolates of burkholderia cepacia and assessment of their pathogenicity in animal experiments]. | in experiments on animals study of pathogenicity of 9 clinical strains of burkholderia cepacia isolated from patients with chronic lung diseases was performed. preliminary identification of studied strains by means of biochemical and genetic methods allowed to establish their belonging to b. cepacia species. it was determined that 6 of 9 strains are epidemiologically significant. experiments showed that bacteria of studied strains are not able to cause infectious process in white mice and hamadr ... | 2008 | 18597993 |
| the effect of medroxyprogesterone acetate on behavioural responses of captive female hamadryas baboons (papio hamadryas). | female hormonal contraception is considered here as an alternative to vasectomy for population control in social groups of captive hamadryas baboons (papio hamadryas). while female hormonal contraceptive methods have been successful, behavioural effects of such agents represent a potential welfare concern. this study examined the effect of medroxyprogesterone acetate (mpa; 3.5mg/kg) on perineal tumescence and behaviour in three social groups (total of 3 males, 22 females) of captive hamadryas ba ... | 2008 | 17980521 |
| a quantitative method for the evaluation of three-dimensional structure of temporal bone pneumatization. | temporal bone pneumatization has been included in lists of characters used in phylogenetic analyses of human evolution. while studies suggest that the extent of pneumatization has decreased over the course of human evolution, little is known about the processes underlying these changes or their significance. in short, reasons for the observed reduction and the potential reorganization within pneumatized spaces are unknown. technological limitations have limited previous analyses of pneumatizatio ... | 2008 | 18715622 |
| microbial community analysis of rectal methanogens and sulfate reducing bacteria in two non-human primate species. | methanogenesis by methanogenic archaea and sulfate reduction by sulfate reducing bacteria (srb) are the major hydrogenotrophic pathways in the human colon. methanogenic status of mammals is suggested to be under evolutionary rather than dietary control. however, information is lacking regarding the dynamics of hydrogenotrophic microbial communities among different primate species. | 2009 | 19548980 |
| baboon palm nut harvesters in ancient egypt: new (ancient) evidence, new questions. | it is well documented that hamadryas baboons were used by the ancient egyptians to pick fruits, but it is not well known that these baboons were also used to collect palm nuts. we describe this practice as it is depicted on a painting on a rarely exhibited ancient egyptian artefact. striking similarities with the modern use of pig-tailed macaques as coconut harvesters are described, raising new questions about the demise of the practice in africa and its continuation in south-east asia. | 2009 | 19628946 |
| the fourth level of social structure in a multi-level society: ecological and social functions of clans in hamadryas baboons. | hamadryas baboons are known for their complex, multi-level social structure consisting of troops, bands, and one-male units (omus) [kummer, 1968. social organization of hamadryas baboons. chicago: the university of chicago press. 189p]. abegglen [1984. on socialization in hamadryas baboons: a field study. lewisburg, pa: bucknell university press. 207p.] observed a fourth level of social structure comprising several omus that rested near one another on sleeping cliffs, traveled most closely toget ... | 2009 | 19670312 |
| rates of self-directed behaviour and faecal glucocorticoid levels are not correlated in female wild olive baboons (papio hamadryas anubis). | non-invasive methods to quantify components of stress in non-human animals rely typically on the use of physiological or behavioural measures. at the physiological level, stress is usually measured non-invasively in terms of faecal or urinary glucocorticoid output. a common group of behavioural measures used are self-directed behaviours (sdbs), which have been shown to be linked to anxiety, a subset of stress, although a number of authors have explicitly linked sdbs to stress more generally. whe ... | 2009 | 19658026 |
| inferential reasoning and modality dependent discrimination learning in olive baboons (papio hamadryas anubis). | apes use inferential reasoning by exclusion to locate food both in the visual and auditory domain. to test whether olive baboons (papio hamadryas anubis) show similar abilities as the apes object choice experiments with differing information about food located in 1 of 2 cups were conducted in the visual and auditory modality. although all baboons (n = 7) were able to locate the reward when they had previously seen it, they failed to make use of auditory cues or arbitrary acoustic signals. when o ... | 2009 | 19685974 |
| the use of a hypo-osmotic swelling (hos) test on sperm of the pig (sus scrofa domesticus), emu (dromaius novaehollandiae), asian elephant (elephas maximus), hamadryas baboon (papio hamadryas hamadryas), and central rock rat (zyzomys pedunculatus). | a hypo-osmotic swelling test using talp-hepes medium over a range of 50 to 300 mosm/kg was applied to sperm from domestic and endangered species. maximal responses of curling of the sperm tails were seen over a range of osmolalities for epididymal sperm from the pig (100 mosm/kg), hamadryas baboon (range 50-125 mosm/kg), and central rock rat (range 50-100 mosm/kg), and the ejaculated sperm from the emu (50 mosm/kg) and the asian elephant (range 75-150 mosm/kg). a solution of talp-hepes medium at ... | 2009 | 19734955 |
| beta2-toxin of clostridium perfringens in a hamadryas baboon (papio hamadryas) with enteritis. | an 11-yr-old female hamadryas baboon (papio hamadryas) that died with a history of diarrhea and anorexia was submitted for necropsy. major pathologic changes were restricted to the gastrointestinal tract. the small intestinal contents were watery and sanguinous, with a deepening of the red color in the large intestines. the intestinal mucosa was hyperemic. microscopically, lesions consisted of surface epithelial cell necrosis in association with numerous rod-shaped bacteria and high numbers of t ... | 2009 | 20063832 |
| functional analysis and treatment of self-injury in a captive olive baboon. | self-injurious behavior (sib), such as self-biting and head banging, has been reported to occur in approximately 10% of captive, individually housed nonhuman primates. accounts of the etiology of sib in primates range from ecological to physiological. however, to date, no research has examined the possible influence of social consequences delivered by handlers and keepers in the maintenance of sib in this population. the current study investigated the effects of social contact as a potentially r ... | 2009 | 20514183 |
| mitochondrial phylogeography of baboons (papio spp.): indication for introgressive hybridization? | baboons of the genus papio are distributed over wide ranges of africa and even colonized parts of the arabian peninsula. traditionally, five phenotypically distinct species are recognized, but recent molecular studies were not able to resolve their phylogenetic relationships. moreover, these studies revealed para- and polyphyletic (hereafter paraphyletic) mitochondrial clades for baboons from eastern africa, and it was hypothesized that introgressive hybridization might have contributed substant ... | 2009 | 19389236 |
| the pattern of the arterial supply of the pancreas in anthropoid apes, catarrhine monkeys and platyrrhine monkeys. | to get the full understanding of the arterial distribution to the pancreas, the analysis of the distribution of the variety of monkey species would be helpful. in this study, we studied the layout of the pancreatic artery in anthropoids (1 gorilla, 3 chimpanzees and 2 white-handed gibbons), in catarrhine monkeys (1 hamadryas baboon, 2 anubid baboons, 10 savannah monkeys) and in platyrrhine monkeys (6 squirrel monkeys). the pancreas of the monkeys was supplied by the arteries originating from the ... | 2009 | 20166548 |
| cancellous and cortical microparticulate allograft for dental implantation: an experimental study in non-human primates. | : a comparison of freeze-dried cancellous and cortical particulate bone allograft was made using a non-human primate model. | 2009 | 22129960 |
| incidence of lymphoma in a captive-bred colony of hamadryas baboons (papio hamadryas). | to assess the incidence of lymphoma and wasting-related deaths in the national baboon colony of australia and relate it to the presence of simian t-cell lymphotrophic virus 1 (stlv-1) infection. | 2009 | 19489781 |
| in vivo imaging of autologous islet grafts in the liver and under the kidney capsule in non-human primates. | as islet transplantation begins to show promise as a clinical method, there is a critical need for reliable, noninvasive techniques to monitor islet graft survival. previous work in our laboratory has shown that human islets labeled with a superparamagnetic iron oxide contrast agent and transplanted into mice could be detected by magnetic resonance imaging (mri). the potential translation of these findings to the clinical situation requires validation of our methodology in a non-human primate mo ... | 2009 | 19502957 |
| cross-sectional geometry of the femoral midshaft in baboons is heritable. | a great deal of research into the determinants of bone strength has unequivocally demonstrated that variation in bone strength is highly subject to genetic factors. increasing attention in skeletal genetic studies is being paid to indicators of bone quality that complement studies of bmd, including studies of the genetic control of bone geometry. the aim of this study is to investigate the degree to which normal population-level variation in femoral midshaft geometry in a population of pedigreed ... | 2009 | 19523547 |
| quantitative genetics, pleiotropy, and morphological integration in the dentition of papio hamadryas. | variation in the mammalian dentition is highly informative of adaptations and evolutionary relationships, and consequently has been the focus of considerable research. much of the current research exploring the genetic underpinnings of dental variation can trace its roots to olson and miller's 1958 book morphological integration. these authors explored patterns of correlation in the post-canine dentitions of the owl monkey and hyopsodus, an extinct condylarth from the eocene. their results were ... | 2009 | 22919117 |
| testing the function of reconciliation and third-party affiliation for aggressors in hamadryas baboons (papio hamadryas hamadryas). | in social groups, agonistic conflicts can have different negative consequences. several post-conflict interactions have been suggested as post-conflict management behaviors to mitigate those negative effects. in this study, we investigated the function of two post-conflict behaviors--reconciliation and aggressor-initiated third-party affiliation--on the aggressor's levels of post-conflict anxiety and aggression in a large colony of hamadryas baboons. we also examined variation in the aggressor's ... | 2009 | 18837043 |
| paternity alone does not predict long-term investment in juveniles by male baboons. | adult male chacma baboons (papio hamadryas ursinus) form preferential associations, or friendships, with particular lactating females. males exhibit high levels of affiliative contact with their friends' infants and defend them from potentially infanticidal attacks (palombit et al. 1997). little is known about males' associations with juveniles once they have passed the period of infanticidal risk. we conducted an observational, experimental, and genetic study of adult male and juvenile chacma b ... | 2009 | 19816527 |
| homeothermy and primate bipedalism: is water shortage or solar radiation the main threat to baboon (papio hamadryas) homeothermy? | other than the hominin lineage, baboons are the diurnally active primates that have colonized the arid plains of africa most successfully. while the hominin lineage adopted bipedalism before colonizing the open, dry plains, baboons retained a quadrupedal mode of locomotion. because bipedalism has been considered to reduce the thermoregulatory stress of inhabiting open dry plains, we investigated how baboons cope with thermal loads and water restriction. using implanted data loggers, we measured ... | 2009 | 19394679 |
| saliva of the graminivorous theropithecus gelada lacks proline-rich proteins and tannin-binding capacity. | gelada baboons are the sole survivors of the genus theropithecus and the only known graminivorous primates. they developed special adaptations to their diet such as high-crowned teeth for processing hard and abrasive feed. the fine-tuning of salivary protein composition might be another key mechanism that is used by species for adapting to the environment and competing with rivals for exploiting new ecological niches. in order to test whether gelada (graminivorous) and hamadryas baboons (omnivor ... | 2009 | 19431194 |
| [evoked potentials in the sacred baboon: long-term follow-up of intracerebroventricular infusion of nerve growth factor]. | it is well known that in aged animals cognitive deficit occurs, homologous with that occurring in alzheimer's disease in humans, and as has been shown in others species, this may be attenuated by administration of nerve growth factor (ngf). therefore the basic aim of this study was to make an electrophysiological evaluation of the repercussion that there might be after long-term administration of this neurotropin in the sacred baboon (papio hamadryas) comparing aged with young animals. | 2009 | 10363290 |
| baboon vaginal microbiota: an overlooked aspect of primate physiology. | the bacterial population of the primate vaginal canal is an infant primate's first exposure to the microbial population inhabiting the outside world. yet, little is known about this population and the effect it might have on the development and survival of the infant primate. as a first step toward characterizing the vaginal microbiota of a nonhuman primate, we used denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis to evaluate variations in the vaginal microbiota of a group of 35 baboons (papio hamadryas) ... | 2010 | 20095026 |
| [grooming and group structure in hamadryas baboons]. | the results of 3-year observation on coral living hamadryas baboons transported from natural habitat in tuapse reservation have been presented. despite of the fact that grooming between males and females accounted for 73% of total cases of grooming in adult individual pairs, only the relationships of males with high-ranked females of their harems fully corresponded to a star-shaped sociogram. the high-ranked females were not different from all the other females either according to a total number ... | 2010 | 21254539 |