| tracking dietary transitions in weanling baboons (papio hamadryas anubis) using strontium/calcium ratios in enamel. | strontium and calcium are incorporated into developing teeth in a manner that reflects changing physiological concentrations in the body. a new model predicts changes in strontium/calcium (sr/ca) ratios in response to dietary transitions experienced at birth and during the weaning period. microsampling of longitudinal thin sections of tooth enamel using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry provides a basis for the systematic evaluation of variation in sr/ca ratios within t ... | 2008 | 18204264 |
| clinical and eeg phenotypes of epilepsy in the baboon (papio hamadryas spp.). | spontaneous seizures have been reported in several baboon subspecies housed at the southwest foundation for biomedical research (sfbr), including papio hamadryas anubis as well as cynocephalus/anubis and other hybrids. this study classified clinical and electroencephalographic (eeg) phenotypes in these subspecies based upon interictal and ictal findings, as well as photosensitivity, by scalp eeg. one hundred baboons underwent 1-h eeg studies with photic stimulation (ps), 49 with previously witne ... | 2005 | 15994062 |
| mitochondrial evidence for the origin of hamadryas baboons. | baboons (mammalia: primates, papio) are found primarily on the continent of africa, but the range of hamadryas baboons (papio hamadryas) extends to the arabian peninsula, and the origin of arabian populations is unclear. to estimate the timing of the divergence between arabian and african hamadryas populations we analyzed mitochondrial dna (mtdna) sequences from individuals of arabian and african origin, and from representatives of the other major baboon taxa. the oldest hamadryas mitochondrial ... | 2004 | 15186814 |
| scalp eeg for the diagnosis of epilepsy and photosensitivity in the baboon. | spontaneous seizures have been observed in several baboon species housed at the southwest national primate research center (snprc), including papio hamadryas anubis and cynocephalus/anubis, hamadryas/anubis, and papio/anubis hybrids. the goal of this study was to establish a noninvasive, reliable electroencephalographic technique to characterize epilepsy phenotypes and assess photosensitivity in these subspecies. thirty baboons with witnessed seizures, and 15 asymptomatic baboons underwent scalp ... | 2004 | 14983467 |
| hematology and blood biochemistry in infant baboons (papio hamadryas). | although published normative reference standards for hematologic and clinical chemistry measures are available for adult baboons, their applicability to infants has not been addressed. we analyzed these measures in 110 infant baboons (55 females and 55 males) from a large breeding colony at the southwest regional primate research center in san antonio, texas. the sample consists of olive baboons and olive/yellow baboon hybrids, 1 week to 12 months of age. we produced cross-sectional reference va ... | 2003 | 12823623 |
| class i mhc expression in the yellow baboon. | mhc class i molecules play a crucial role in the immune response to pathogens and vaccines and in self/non-self recognition. therefore, characterization of mhc class i gene expression of papio subspecies is a prerequisite for studies of immunology and transplantation in the baboon (papio hamadryas). to elucidate mhc class i expression and variation within papio subspecies and to further investigate the evolution of a and b loci in old world primates, we have characterized the expressed class i r ... | 2001 | 11238644 |
| an alu insertion polymorphism in a baboon hybrid zone. | a novel polymerase chain reaction (pcr) primer pair was used to analyze the frequency of insertion of the first described, nonhuman, baboon-specific alu repetitive element in populations from the papio hamadryas anubis and the papio hamadryas hamadryas subspecies, and from a number of anubis-hamadryas hybrids. the alu insertion is found in intron 7 of the baboon lipoprotein lipase (lpl) gene. each of the populations had different frequencies for the insertion, and the hybrids examined had a freq ... | 1999 | 10342460 |
| the response of group-housed baboons to three enrichment toys. | the behaviour of group-housed baboons was compared before and after the provision of durable cage toys. one adult male hamadryas baboon and 13 adult female olive baboons living in a large enclosure were observed after they were given seven nylon bones, seven kong toys and seven plaque attackers. observations were conducted four times per week on each subject over a 6-week period. abnormal, cage-directed, inactive and self-directed behaviours all significantly decreased after the provision of the ... | 1997 | 9121112 |
| speciation in the baboon and its relation to gamma-chain heterogeneity and to the response to induction of hbf by 5-azacytidine. | in the baboon (papio species), the two nonallelic gamma-genes produce gamma-chains that differ at a minimum at residue 75, where isoleucine (i gamma-chain) or valine (v gamma) may be present. this situation obtains in baboons that are sometimes designated as papio anubis, papio hamadryas, and papio papio. however, in papio cynocephalus, although the i gamma-chains are identical with those in the above mentioned types, the v gamma-chains have the substitutions ala----gly at residue 9 and ala----v ... | 1984 | 6201212 |
| polymorphism of the ca-i locus of carbonic anhydrase in baboon. | polymorphism of erythrocytic carbonic anhydrase was studied by means of the usual technique of starch gel electrophoresis in papio papio, papio hamadryas, papio cynocephalus and papio anubis. in a sample containing both papio cynocephalus and papio anubis, examples of the homozygote ca-ib/ca-ib were found. a study of parental transmission established the ca-ib allelic form. | 1975 | 804560 |
| a comparison of anubis baboons, hamadryas baboons and their hybrids at a species border in ethiopia. | | 1973 | 4201907 |
| neutral nuclear variation in baboons (genus papio) provides insights into their evolutionary and demographic histories. | baboons (genus papio) are distributed over most of sub-saharan africa and in the southern portion of the arabian peninsula. six distinct morphotypes, with clearly defined geographic distributions, are recognized (the olive, chacma, yellow, guinea, kinda, and hamadryas baboons). the evolutionary relationships among baboon forms have long been a controversial issue. phylogenetic analyses based on mitochondrial dna sequences revealed that the modern baboon morphotypes are mitochondrially paraphylet ... | 2014 | 25234435 |
| a review of spontaneous neoplasia in baboons (papio spp.). | the baboon has become an increasingly important animal model and accurate information on baboon neoplasia is frequently required for biomedical research. to satisfy this demand, a complete literature search was carried out. two hundred and four spontaneous neoplasms were found in published literature: 53 cases were male (26%), 76 were female (37%); sex was not reported in 75 cases (37%). ages ranged from 3 months to 31 years (mean 14.1 years) in the 93 cases that reported them. spontaneous neopl ... | 2005 | 15860111 |
| female dominance and female social relationships among yellow baboons (papio hamadryas cynocephalus). | adult females in a female-bonded, cercopithecine species such as baboons are characterized by hierarchically ranked matrilines, i.e., female offspring assume rankings just beneath those of their mothers. in this system of closely ranked matrilines, a female should engage in significantly more affiliative interactions with those individuals who are closely ranked to herself than with those individuals who are more distantly ranked. we examine the hypothesis that females in this troop of feral yel ... | 1999 | 10206209 |
| cranial sexual dimorphism in the kinda baboon (papio hamadryas kindae). | the smallest extant member of genus papio, the kinda baboon exhibits low sexual dimorphism and a distinctive cranial shape. ontogenetic scaling accounts for most cranial-shape differences within papio, but studies have shown that the kinda follows a separate ontogenetic trajectory. if so, its cranial-dimorphism pattern should differ from other subspecies. to evaluate this hypothesis, morphometric analysis was used to investigate cranial dimorphism in papio. | 2017 | 28877335 |
| livebirth and utero-placental insufficiency in papio hamadryas baboons with uterus angiosome perfused by bilateral utero-ovarian microsurgical anastomoses alone. | can the baboon uterus support a gestation to livebirth with an angiosome using microsurgically anastomosed utero-ovarian vessels and lacking uterine arteries and veins? | 2017 | 28854716 |
| contexts and consequences of takeovers in hamadryas baboons: female parity, reproductive state, and observational evidence of pregnancy loss. | the evolutionary consequences of sexual selection and sexual conflict are epitomized in the hamadryas baboon, a species characterized by strong sexual dimorphism and intense male-male competition. hamadryas males coerce individual females into reproductively exclusive one-male units via aggressive takeovers, and infants involved in such takeovers are at least four times more likely to be killed (or otherwise die) after takeovers compared to other times. here we examine female reproductive state ... | 2017 | 28395395 |
| uterine viability in the baboon after ligation of uterine vasculature: a pilot study to assess alternative perfusion and venous return for uterine transplantation. | to assess, in two separate groups of baboons, uterine viability after ligation of the uterine veins and uterine viability after ligation of both the uterine arteries and veins, respectively. | 2017 | 28283262 |
| charting the neglected west: the social system of guinea baboons. | primate social systems are remarkably diverse, and thus play a central role in understanding social evolution, including the biological origin of human societies. although baboons have been prominently featured in this context, historically little was known about the westernmost member of the genus, the guinea baboon (papio papio). | 2017 | 28105722 |
| olfactomedin-like 2 a and b (olfml2a and olfml2b) expression profile in primates (human and baboon). | the olfactomedin-like domain (olfml) is present in at least four families of proteins, including olfml2a and olfml2b, which are expressed in adult rat retina cells. however, no expression of their orthologous has ever been reported in human and baboon. | 2016 | 27821182 |
| seasonality of reproductive events and early mortality in a colony of hamadryas baboons (papio hamadryas hamadryas) over a 30-year period: capital breeding and life history patterns in a food-provisioned population seasonally thermally stressed. | in environments where energy demands and resource availability vary seasonally, individuals are expected to time the optimal allocation of resources to support survival and reproduction. although female baboons are regarded as all year round, capital breeders, we wondered how they would respond in an ecological scenario where food were not limiting, foraging effort were negligible, and they were thermally stressed during the cold winter. this study analyzes a 30-year database of conceptions, bir ... | 2016 | 27273743 |
| preclinical in vivo and in vitro comparison of the translocator protein pet ligands [(18)f]pbr102 and [(18)f]pbr111. | to determine the metabolic profiles of the translocator protein ligands pbr102 and pbr111 in rat and human microsomes and compare their in vivo binding and metabolite uptake in the brain of non-human primates (papio hamadryas) using pet-ct. | 2017 | 27699720 |
| a cross-sectional study of ageing and cardiovascular function over the baboon lifespan. | ageing is associated with changes at the molecular and cellular level that can alter cardiovascular function and ultimately lead to disease. the baboon is an ideal model for studying ageing due to the similarities in genetic, anatomical, physiological and biochemical characteristics with humans. the aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the changes in cardiovascular profile of baboons over the course of their lifespan. | 2016 | 27427971 |
| macromammalian faunas, biochronology and palaeoecology of the early pleistocene main quarry hominin-bearing deposits of the drimolen palaeocave system, south africa. | the drimolen palaeocave system main quarry deposits (dmq) are some of the most prolific hominin and primate-bearing deposits in the fossil hominids of south africa unesco world heritage site. discovered in the 1990s, excavations into the dmq have yielded a demographically diverse sample of paranthropus robustus (including dnh 7, the most complete cranium of the species recovered to date), early homo, papio hamadryas robinsoni and cercopithecoides williamsi. alongside the hominin and primate samp ... | 2016 | 27114884 |
| sex and friendship in a multilevel society: behavioural patterns and associations between female and male guinea baboons. | one key question in social evolution is the identification of factors that promote the formation and maintenance of stable bonds between females and males beyond the mating context. baboons lend themselves to examine this question, as they vary in social organisation and male-female association patterns. we report the results from the first systematic observations of individually identified wild female guinea baboons. guinea baboons live in a multilevel society with female-biased dispersal. alth ... | 2017 | 26900211 |
| the ties that bind: maternal kin bias in a multilevel primate society despite natal dispersal by both sexes. | in many social animals, individuals derive fitness benefits from close social bonds, which are often formed among kin of the philopatric sex. hamadryas baboons, however, exhibit a hierarchical, multilevel social system where both sexes disperse from their natal one-male-unit (omu). although this would seem to hinder maintenance of kin ties, both sexes appear largely philopatric at the higher order band and clan levels, possibly allowing for bonds with same sex kin by both males and females. in o ... | 2016 | 26890431 |
| group compositional changes impact the social and feeding behaviors of captive hamadryas baboons (papio hamadryas hamadryas). | the formation and modification of social groups in captivity are delicate management tasks. the ability for personnel to anticipate changes in group dynamics following compositional changes can increase the likelihood of successful management with minimized injury or social instability. hamadryas baboons (papio hamadryas hamadryas) have a distinctive multi-level social system comprising of one-male units (omus) that can make it difficult to apply knowledge from other primates' multi-female/multi ... | 2016 | 26828857 |
| walking speed as an aging biomarker in baboons (papio hamadryas). | walking speed is an important human aging biomarker. baboons are valuable translational models for aging studies. establishing whether walking speed is a good aging biomarker has value. we hypothesized there would be characteristic age-related decline in baboon walking speed. | 2015 | 26411922 |
| alopecia in outdoor group- and corral-housed baboons (papio hamadryas spp.). | alopecia has been reported to occur in several species of captive nhp. much of this research has focused on macaque monkeys; whether other primate species such as baboons are affected similarly is unknown. because alopecia can be a focus of inspectors and a possible marker of wellbeing, the purpose of the current study was to survey the occurrence of alopecia in 2 baboon populations and to identify potential risk factors. subjects were 262 group-housed and 279 corral-housed baboons. alopecia was ... | 2015 | 26224438 |
| the adaptive value of secondary males in the polygynous multi-level society of hamadryas baboons. | one-male social systems are usually characterized by polygyny and reproductive exclusion by a single resident male. sometimes, however, secondary males join these groups, and this may carry fitness costs and/or benefits to the resident male. in hamadryas baboons (papio hamadryas hamadryas), which live in one-male units (omus) with female defense polygyny within a multi-level social system, secondary "follower" males often reside in omus. our aim here is to examine possible benefits of these seco ... | 2015 | 26174200 |
| successful pharmaceutical-grade streptozotocin (stz)-induced hyperglycemia in a conscious tethered baboon (papio hamadryas) model. | non-human primate (nhp) diabetic models using chemical ablation of β-cells with stz have been achieved by several research groups. chemotherapeutic stz could lead to serious adverse events including nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, and mortality. | 2015 | 26122701 |
| expression of tight junction proteins and transporters for xenobiotic metabolism at the blood-csf barrier during development in the nonhuman primate (p. hamadryas). | the choroid plexus (cp) is rich in barrier mechanisms including transporters and enzymes which can influence drug disposition between blood and brain. we have limited knowledge of their state in fetus. we have studied barrier mechanisms along with metabolism and transporters influencing xenobiotics, using rnaseq and protein analysis, in the cp during the second-half of gestation in a nonhuman primate (papio hamadryas). there were no differences in the expression of the tight-junctions at the cp ... | 2015 | 26092209 |
| delta cell death in the islet of langerhans and the progression from normal glucose tolerance to type 2 diabetes in non-human primates (baboon, papio hamadryas). | the cellular composition of the islet of langerhans is essential to ensure its physiological function. morphophysiological islet abnormalities are present in type 2 diabetes but the relationship between fasting plasma glucose (fpg) and islet cell composition, particularly the role of delta cells, is unknown. we explored these questions in pancreases from baboons (papio hamadryas) with fpg ranging from normal to type 2 diabetic values. | 2015 | 26049399 |
| study of hamadryas baboons (papio hamadryas) ability to solve object manipulation tasks. | cognitive ability to solve object manipulation tasks was evaluated by "string pulling" and "transparent tube" tests. the string pulling task was solved by 7 of 11 animals. the task of object extraction from the tube was too difficult, not a single animal solved it. the authors conclude that hamadryas baboons demonstrated rather poor ability to solve object manipulation tasks. | 2015 | 26033597 |
| cortical folding of the primate brain: an interdisciplinary examination of the genetic architecture, modularity, and evolvability of a significant neurological trait in pedigreed baboons (genus papio). | folding of the primate brain cortex allows for improved neural processing power by increasing cortical surface area for the allocation of neurons. the arrangement of folds (sulci) and ridges (gyri) across the cerebral cortex is thought to reflect the underlying neural network. gyrification, an adaptive trait with a unique evolutionary history, is affected by genetic factors different from those affecting brain volume. using a large pedigreed population of ∼1000 papio baboons, we address critical ... | 2015 | 25873632 |
| population genetic insights into the social organization of guinea baboons (papio papio): evidence for female-biased dispersal. | sex differences in philopatry and dispersal have important consequences on the genetic structure of populations, social groups, and social relationships within groups. among mammals, male dispersal and female philopatry are most common and closely related taxa typically exhibit similar dispersal patterns. however, among four well-studied species of baboons, only hamadryas baboons exhibit female dispersal, thus differing from their congenerics, which show female philopatry and close-knit female s ... | 2015 | 25864569 |
| crowding increases salivary cortisol but not self-directed behavior in captive baboons. | reduced space can lead to crowding in social animals. crowding increases the risk of agonistic interactions that, in turn, may require additional physiological defensive coping mechanisms affecting health. to determine the stress induced from increased social density in a group of nineteen baboons living in an indoor/outdoor enclosure, saliva cortisol levels and rates of anxiety-related behavior were analyzed across two unique crowding episodes. initially, mean salivary cortisol levels when anim ... | 2015 | 25598488 |
| fine-scale genetic assessment of sex-specific dispersal patterns in a multilevel primate society. | like humans, hamadryas baboons (papio hamadryas) are unusual among primates in having a multilevel social system and stable pair bonds, and are thus a useful model for the evolution of human sociality. while the kinship structure and sex-biased dispersal patterns that underlie human social organization have been extensively elucidated, the impact of these factors on the social system of hamadryas baboons is currently unclear. here we use genetic analysis of individuals to elucidate the patterns ... | 2015 | 25466516 |
| chronic continuous exenatide infusion does not cause pancreatic inflammation and ductal hyperplasia in non-human primates. | in this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of exenatide (exe) treatment on exocrine pancreas of nonhuman primates. to this end, 52 baboons (papio hamadryas) underwent partial pancreatectomy, followed by continuous infusion of exe or saline (sal) for 14 weeks. histological analysis, immunohistochemistry, computer assisted stereology toolbox morphometry, and immunofluorescence staining were performed at baseline and after treatment. the exe treatment did not induce pancreatitis, parenchymal o ... | 2015 | 25447052 |
| [the ability of hamadryas baboons' adolescents to decide the modified piaget's a-not-b error test]. | we investigated the ability to the inhibition of a forced instrumental food-procuring reflex in hamadryas baboons (papio hamadryas). the subjects of the study were immature animals of the two age groups: the eighteen-month-old group (six males and five females) and three-year-old group (seven males and seven females). to determine the capability we used the modified piaget's a-not-b error test. four monkeys correctly decided the test only. the inhibition of the forced conditioned reflex occurred ... | 2014 | 25272451 |
| out of africa, but how and when? the case of hamadryas baboons (papio hamadryas). | many species of arabian mammals are considered to be of afrotropical origin and for most of them the red sea has constituted an obstacle for dispersal since the miocene-pliocene transition. there are two possible routes, the 'northern' and the 'southern', for terrestrial mammals (including humans) to move between africa and arabia. the 'northern route', crossing the sinai peninsula, is confirmed for several taxa by an extensive fossil record, especially from northern egypt and the levant, wherea ... | 2014 | 25257698 |
| the rejuvenating effects of leuprolide acetate on the aged baboon's thymus. | we have previously demonstrated that the juvenile thymus plays an essential role in tolerance induced by both renal transplantation and a short course of calcineurin inhibitors. aged thymi have a decreased ability to induce tolerance. luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (lhrh) is known to pharmacologically rejuvenate the thymus in rodents. in order to develop a clinically applicable regimen of transplantation tolerance in adults, we sought to determine if thymic rejuvenation would occur with l ... | 2014 | 25240733 |
| the rise and fall of leader males in a multi-level society: takeovers and tenures of male hamadryas baboons. | as one means to maximize access to females, males of some species are intolerant of other males in social units, resulting in female defense polygyny, a mating system in which one male monopolizes mating access to as many females as he can for as long as possible. in such a system, the length of a male's tenure and the number of females he is able to acquire are important predictors of his reproductive success. hamadryas baboons differ from many other taxa with female defense polygyny in that th ... | 2015 | 25219666 |
| male tolerance and male-male bonds in a multilevel primate society. | male relationships in most species of mammals generally are characterized by intense intrasexual competition, with little bonding among unrelated individuals. in contrast, human societies are characterized by high levels of cooperation and strong bonds among both related and unrelated males. the emergence of cooperative male-male relationships has been linked to the multilevel structure of traditional human societies. based on an analysis of the patterns of spatial and social interaction in comb ... | 2014 | 25201960 |
| evaluation of a new method of fossil retrodeformation by algorithmic symmetrization: crania of papionins (primates, cercopithecidae) as a test case. | diagenetic distortion can be a major obstacle to collecting quantitative shape data on paleontological specimens, especially for three-dimensional geometric morphometric analysis. here we utilize the recently-published algorithmic symmetrization method of fossil reconstruction and compare it to the more traditional reflection & averaging approach. in order to have an objective test of this method, five casts of a female cranium of papio hamadryas kindae were manually deformed while the plaster h ... | 2014 | 24992483 |
| comparison of indirect and direct blood pressure measurements in baboons during ketamine anaesthesia. | the aim of this study was to assess agreement between different methods of blood pressure measurement in anaesthetised baboons. | 2014 | 24628125 |
| male takeovers are reproductively costly to females in hamadryas baboons: a test of the sexual coercion hypothesis. | during male takeovers, in addition to fighting off the female's current mating partner, males may exhibit intense aggressive mate guarding of the newly acquired females. recent studies indicate that coercive sexual aggression by males is an important strategy through which sexual conflict is expressed. previous tests of the sexual coercion hypothesis in primates have focused on assessing if female mate choice is effectively reduced by male aggression, however, only one recent study has tested a ... | 2014 | 24621865 |
| the influence of social systems on patterns of mitochondrial dna variation in baboons. | behavior is influenced by genes but can also shape the genetic structure of natural populations. investigating this link is of great importance because behavioral processes can alter the genetic diversity on which selection acts. gene flow is one of the main determinants of the genetic structure of a population and dispersal is the behavior that mediates gene flow. baboons (genus papio) are among the most intensely studied primate species and serve as a model system to investigate the evolution ... | 2014 | 24523566 |
| [redirection and consolation in hamadryas baboons]. | post-conflict interactions between victims and non-involved group members was investigated in the troop of hamadryas baboons, papio hamadryas. observations were done in the russian primate center, adler in 1996-1997. redirected aggression, initiation of affiliation from the side of victims towards third parties and consolation were registered during this study. the analyses was done on 445 pc-mc pairs of animals, represented different social classes (harem male-female pairs, harem females, relat ... | 2013 | 24459878 |
| a newly-found pattern of social relationships among adults within one-male units of golden snub-nosed monkeys (rhinopithecus roxenalla) in the qinling mountains, china. | group living provides various advantages to individuals in regards to protection avoidance, intergroup competition, productive success and social information. stable one-male units (omus) consist of relationships between the adult females and the resident male as well as the relationships among adult females. based on continuous observation of a reproductive group of golden snub-nosed monkeys (rhinopithecus roxellana) in the qinling mountains, we analyzed the relationships among adult individual ... | 2013 | 24344964 |
| abnormal behavior and associated risk factors in captive baboons (papio hamadryas spp.). | abnormal behavior, ranging from motor stereotypies to self-injurious behavior, has been documented in captive nonhuman primates, with risk factors including nursery rearing, single housing, and veterinary procedures. much of this research has focused on macaque monkeys; less is known about the extent of and risk factors for abnormal behavior in baboons. because abnormal behavior can be indicative of poor welfare, either past or present, the purpose of this study was to survey the presence of abn ... | 2014 | 24323406 |
| first records of talon cusps on baboon maxillary incisors argue for standardizing terminology and prompt a hypothesis of their formation. | dental characters can provide vital clues for understanding intra- and intertaxonomic morphological variation and its underlying genetic and environmental components. however, the unambiguous identification of particular traits and their comparative study is often confounded by lack of consistent terminology in the relevant literature. this difficulty is exacerbated when the etiologies are not completely understood, as is the case with talon cusps. to date, research on talon cusps has focused on ... | 2013 | 24173685 |
| recurrent patterning in the daily foraging routes of hamadryas baboons (papio hamadryas): spatial memory in large-scale versus small-scale space. | the benefits of spatial memory for foraging animals can be assessed on two distinct spatial scales: small-scale space (travel within patches) and large-scale space (travel between patches). while the patches themselves may be distributed at low density, within patches resources are likely densely distributed. we propose, therefore, that spatial memory for recalling the particular locations of previously visited feeding sites will be more advantageous during between-patch movement, where it may r ... | 2014 | 24038137 |
| biogeographic variation in the baboon: dissecting the cline. | all species demonstrate intraspecific anatomical variation. while generalisations such as bergman's and allen's rules have attempted to explain the geographic structuring of variation with some success, recent work has demonstrated limited support for these in certain old world monkeys. this study extends this research to the baboon: a species that is widely distributed across sub-saharan africa and exhibits clinal variation across an environmentally disparate range. this study uses trend surfac ... | 2013 | 24028342 |
| ontogenetic scaling of fore- and hind limb posture in wild chacma baboons (papio hamadryas ursinus). | large-scale interspecific studies of mammals ranging between 0.04-280 kg have shown that larger animals walk with more extended limb joints. within a taxon or clade, however, the relationship between body size and joint posture is less straightforward. factors that may affect the lack of congruence between broad and narrow phylogenetic analyses of limb kinematics include limited sampling of (1) ranges of body size, and/or (2) numbers of individuals. unfortunately, both issues are inherent in lab ... | 2013 | 23923046 |
| 30 days in the life: daily nutrient balancing in a wild chacma baboon. | for most animals, the ability to regulate intake of specific nutrients is vital to fitness. recent studies have demonstrated nutrient regulation in nonhuman primates over periods of one observation day, though studies of humans indicate that such regulation extends to longer time frames. little is known about longer-term regulation in nonhuman primates, however, due to the challenges of multiple-day focal follows. here we present the first detailed study of nutrient intake across multiple days i ... | 2013 | 23894645 |
| first report on aonchotheca annulosa dujardin, 1845 (nematoda, capillariidae) in a hamadryas baboon (papio hamadryas) from a zoo in northern turkey. | a dead male hamadryas baboon, papio hamadryas, from a zoo in samsun in northern turkey was submitted for necropsy examination. | 2012 | 23066760 |
| evolution of multilevel social systems in nonhuman primates and humans. | multilevel (or modular) societies are a distinct type of primate social system whose key features are single-male-multifemale, core units nested within larger social bands. they are not equivalent to fission-fusion societies, with the latter referring to routine variability in associations, either on an individual or subunit level. the purpose of this review is to characterize and operationalize multilevel societies and to outline their putative evolutionary origins. multilevel societies are pre ... | 2012 | 23024444 |
| peripheral oxytocin in female baboons relates to estrous state and maintenance of sexual consortships. | the neuro-hypophysial hormone oxytocin (ot) has been implicated in female reproductive and maternal behaviors and in the formation of pair bonds in monogamous species. here we measure variation in urinary ot concentrations in relation to reproductive biology and socio-sexual behavior in a promiscuously breeding species, the chacma baboon (papio hamadryas ursinus). subjects were members of a habituated group of baboons in the okavango delta, botswana. we collected behavioral data and urine sample ... | 2012 | 22986337 |
| body temperature and physical activity correlates of the menstrual cycle in chacma baboons (papio hamadryas ursinus). | we investigated the temporal relationship between abdominal temperature, physical activity, perineal swelling, and urinary progesterone and estradiol concentrations over the menstrual cycle in unrestrained captive baboons. using a miniature temperature-sensitive data logger surgically implanted in the abdominal cavity and an activity data logger implanted subcutaneously on the trunk, we measured, continuously over 6 months at 10-min intervals, abdominal temperature and physical activity patterns ... | 2012 | 22930453 |
| pp080. blood pressure in the offspring of experimental preeclamptic and normotensive baboon pregnancies. | experimental manipulation of the maternal environment in animal models has assisted with our understanding of the mechanisms contributing to fetal programming. evidence suggests that individuals who experience a suboptimal intrauterine milieu have an increased risk of developing disease later in life. preeclampsia is a complication of pregnancy known to alter the fetal environment. such alterations lead to programming of the fetus for subsequent susceptibility to cardiovascular disease, includin ... | 2012 | 26105402 |
| os061. placental growth factor reduces blood pressure and proteinuria in experimental preeclampsia. | preeclampsia is a disorder related to an imbalance in the angiogenesis axis manifesting as endothelial dysfunction. animal and human studies have shown that sflt-1 (soluble fms like tyrosine kinase 1) is increased and plgf (placental growth factor) reduced during the disease state. there are a paucity of studies investigating the clinical significance of normalising angiogenic axis. | 2012 | 26105275 |
| evidence for intra-sexual selection in wild female baboons. | because female reproductive success in social mammals is determined largely by parental rather than mating effort, intra-sexual competition among females has typically been assumed to occur primarily over food. recently, however, renewed attention has been paid to the importance of other sources of variation in female fitness, with a concomitant focus on a broader definition of intra-sexual selection that encompasses both competition for resources and competition for mates and social partners. w ... | 2012 | 25558080 |
| fossil papio cranium from !ncumtsa (koanaka) hills, western ngamiland, botswana. | three fossils, a cranium of papio, a cercopithecid frontal bone, and a mandible of juvenile papio, have been recovered from cave deposits in the !ncumtsa (koanaka) hills of western ngamiland, botswana. these specimens are significant because well-preserved crania of papio are extremely rare in the fossil record outside of south africa and because this is the first report of fossil primate cranial remains from botswana. thermoluminescence dating of surrounding cave matrix indicates an age of ≥317 ... | 2012 | 22639236 |
| ecology and sociality in a multilevel society: ecological determinants of spatial cohesion in hamadryas baboons. | the multilevel society of hamadryas baboons, consisting of troops, bands, clans, and one-male units (omus), is commonly perceived to be an effective means of adapting to variable food availability while allowing spatial cohesion in response to predator pressure. the relationship between these variables, however, has never been tested quantitatively. the filoha site in awash national park, ethiopia is ideally suited to such an investigation as it contains nutrient-dense palm forests in addition t ... | 2012 | 22552956 |
| evaluating home range techniques: use of global positioning system (gps) collar data from chacma baboons. | global positioning system (gps) collars have revolutionized the field of spatial ecology, but to date, few primate studies have used them. we fitted a free-ranging, semi-habituated, juvenile male chacma baboon (papio hamadryas ursinus) with an automatic self-releasing gps collar and tracked his movements for 359 days. the collar captured 4254 fixes out of 5719 programmed opportunities, a 74.4 % acquisition rate, suggesting that the collar effectively tracked this baboon in a variety of habitat t ... | 2012 | 22476515 |
| behavioural processes in social context: female abductions, male herding and female grooming in hamadryas baboons. | the formation of bonds between strangers is an event that occurs routinely in many social animals, including humans, and, as social bonds in general, they affect the individuals' welfare and biological fitness. the present study was motivated by an interest in the behavioural processes that drive bond formation in a social context of hostility, in which the incumbent partners vary greatly in physical power and reproductive interests, a situation in which individuals of many group-living species ... | 2012 | 22391051 |
| haemodynamics using transthoracic echocardiography in healthy pregnant and non-pregnant baboons (papio hamadryas). | to determine systolic and diastolic function using transthoracic echocardiography in the baboon (papio hamadryas). | 2012 | 22272984 |
| tissue factor/factor viia pathway mediates coagulation activation in induced-heat stroke in the baboon. | excessive activation of coagulation, which can culminate in overt disseminated intravascular coagulation, is a prominent feature of heat stroke. however, neither the mechanism that initiates the coagulation activation nor its pathogenic role is known. we examined whether the tissue factor/factor viia complex initiates the coagulation activation in heat stroke and, if so, whether upstream inhibition of coagulation activation through its neutralization may minimize cellular injury and organ dysfun ... | 2012 | 22080642 |
| synthesis and in vivo evaluation of [18f]n-(2-benzofuranylmethyl)-n'-[4-(2-fluoroethoxy)benzyl]piperazine, a novel σ1 receptor pet imaging agent. | n-(2-benzofuranylmethyl)-n'-[4-(2-fluoroethoxy)benzyl]piperazine (6, σ(1)k(i)=2.6 nm) was radiolabeled with fluorine-18 to provide a potential σ(1) receptor radioligand for use in positron emission tomography (pet). radiofluorination of the appropriate tosylate precursor furnished [(18)f]6 with a specific activity of 45 gbq/μmol, in an average radiochemical yield of 18% and greater than 98% radiochemical purity. micropet imaging in papio hamadryas baboon brain revealed [(18)f]6 uptake consistent ... | 2011 | 21962578 |
| [reconciliation in hamadryas baboons, papio hamadryas: testing the relationships quality hypothesis]. | post-conflict interactions between former opponents were investigated in a troop of hamadryas baboons, papio hamadryas. this species is known for it's multilevel structure with evidently expressed hierarchy between males and females. due to this fact hamadryas baboons represent an ideal object for testing the "relationship quality" hypothesis. the analyses were done on 436 pc-mc pairs of animals, which represented different social classes (harem male-female pairs, harem females, relatives, femal ... | 2011 | 21961312 |
| copulation patterns in captive hamadryas baboons: a quantitative analysis. | for primates, as for many other vertebrates, copulation which results in ejaculation is a prerequisite for reproduction. the probability of ejaculation is affected by various physiological and social factors, for example reproductive state of male and female and operational sex-ratio. in this paper, we present quantitative and qualitative data on patterns of sexual behaviour in a captive group of hamadryas baboons (papio hamadryas), a species with a polygynous-monandric mating system. we observe ... | 2011 | 21710159 |
| group composition of guinea baboons (papio papio) at a water place suggests a fluid social organization. | baboon social systems are among the most studied in primates. solid knowledge of the hamadryas and savannah baboon systems has accumulated, leading to a dichotomic view of baboon social systems. hamadryas baboons live in multilayered troops based on 1-male units whereas savannah baboons live in multimale multifemale groups based on a network of related females. less attention has been paid to their west african congenerics, the guinea baboons, papio papio. to fill this gap, in 2007 we initiated ... | 2011 | 21654901 |
| female "dispersal" in hamadryas baboons: transfer among social units in a multilevel society. | unlike most cercopithecines, hamadryas baboons (papio hamadryas hamadryas) are characterized by female-biased dispersal. to clarify this pattern within the context of their hierarchical social system (comprising one-male units, clans, bands, and troops), we report here 7 years of data on female transfers among social units in wild hamadryas baboons in ethiopia. female tenure in one-male units (omus) ranged from 1 to 2,556 days (n = 208) and survival analysis revealed a median tenure length of 1, ... | 2011 | 21469076 |
| alternative routes to the leader male role in a multi-level society: follower vs. solitary male strategies and outcomes in hamadryas baboons. | the nested one-male units (omus) of the hamadryas baboon are part of a complex social system in which "leader" males achieve near exclusive mating access by forcibly herding females into permanent consortships. within this multi-level social system (troops, bands, clans and omus) are two types of prereproductive males--the follower and solitary male--whose different trajectories converge on the leader role. here we compare omu formation strategies of followers, who associate with a particular om ... | 2011 | 21433048 |
| cortical sulcal areas in baboons (papio hamadryas spp.) with generalized interictal epileptic discharges on scalp eeg. | brain mri studies in people with idiopathic generalized epilepsies demonstrate regional morphometric differences, though variable in magnitude and location. as the baboon provides an excellent electroclinical and neuroimaging model for photosensitive generalized epilepsy in humans, this study evaluated mri volumetric and morphometric differences between baboons with interictal epileptic discharges (ieds) on scalp eeg and baboons with normal eeg studies. seventy-seven baboons underwent high-resol ... | 2011 | 21256716 |
| [grooming and group structure in hamadryas baboons]. | the results of 3-year observation on coral living hamadryas baboons transported from natural habitat in tuapse reservation have been presented. despite of the fact that grooming between males and females accounted for 73% of total cases of grooming in adult individual pairs, only the relationships of males with high-ranked females of their harems fully corresponded to a star-shaped sociogram. the high-ranked females were not different from all the other females either according to a total number ... | 2010 | 21254539 |
| female chacma baboons form strong, equitable, and enduring social bonds. | analyses of the pattern of associations, social interactions, coalitions, and aggression among chacma baboons (papio hamadryas ursinus) in the okavango delta of botswana over a 16-year period indicate that adult females form close, equitable, supportive, and enduring social relationships. they show strong and stable preferences for close kin, particularly their own mothers and daughters. females also form strong attachments to unrelated females who are close to their own age and who are likely t ... | 2010 | 20976293 |
| feeding ecology, food availability and ranging patterns of wild hamadryas baboons at filoha. | most hamadryas baboons rely on acacia species for subsistence in their semidesert habitats. unlike other hamadryas sites, palm forests at filoha in awash national park, ethiopia, provide the baboons with a preferred food resource close to a commonly used sleeping site. the baboons are expected to feed on doum palm trees when fruit is available, and this resource use should play a role in ranging patterns. this paper describes the feeding ecology, food availability and ranging patterns of a band ... | 2010 | 20714160 |
| aggression does not increase friendly contacts among bystanders in geladas (theropithecus gelada). | aggression within a social group may affect bystanders' affinitive behaviour with other bystanders. after a conflict such affiliations, termed 'quadratic', may serve to reduce tension. this particular kind of conflict management has been found in hamadryas baboons. following the classical and well-established approach for studying post-conflict behaviour [post-conflict/matched control method (pc/mc)], we collected behavioural data on a group of geladas (theropithecus gelada) in order to check fo ... | 2010 | 20571850 |
| baboon vaginal microbiota: an overlooked aspect of primate physiology. | the bacterial population of the primate vaginal canal is an infant primate's first exposure to the microbial population inhabiting the outside world. yet, little is known about this population and the effect it might have on the development and survival of the infant primate. as a first step toward characterizing the vaginal microbiota of a nonhuman primate, we used denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis to evaluate variations in the vaginal microbiota of a group of 35 baboons (papio hamadryas) ... | 2010 | 20095026 |
| paternity alone does not predict long-term investment in juveniles by male baboons. | adult male chacma baboons (papio hamadryas ursinus) form preferential associations, or friendships, with particular lactating females. males exhibit high levels of affiliative contact with their friends' infants and defend them from potentially infanticidal attacks (palombit et al. 1997). little is known about males' associations with juveniles once they have passed the period of infanticidal risk. we conducted an observational, experimental, and genetic study of adult male and juvenile chacma b ... | 2009 | 19816527 |
| saliva of the graminivorous theropithecus gelada lacks proline-rich proteins and tannin-binding capacity. | gelada baboons are the sole survivors of the genus theropithecus and the only known graminivorous primates. they developed special adaptations to their diet such as high-crowned teeth for processing hard and abrasive feed. the fine-tuning of salivary protein composition might be another key mechanism that is used by species for adapting to the environment and competing with rivals for exploiting new ecological niches. in order to test whether gelada (graminivorous) and hamadryas baboons (omnivor ... | 2009 | 19431194 |
| homeothermy and primate bipedalism: is water shortage or solar radiation the main threat to baboon (papio hamadryas) homeothermy? | other than the hominin lineage, baboons are the diurnally active primates that have colonized the arid plains of africa most successfully. while the hominin lineage adopted bipedalism before colonizing the open, dry plains, baboons retained a quadrupedal mode of locomotion. because bipedalism has been considered to reduce the thermoregulatory stress of inhabiting open dry plains, we investigated how baboons cope with thermal loads and water restriction. using implanted data loggers, we measured ... | 2009 | 19394679 |
| composition and seasonality of diet in wild hamadryas baboons: preliminary findings from filoha. | here we report the first year-round quantitative data on dietary composition and seasonality in wild hamadryas baboons. study subjects were adult male members of band 3 at the filoha field site in central lowland ethiopia. data collection consisted of 10-min focal samples during all-day follows 4-6 days per month over the course of 1 year. the two largest contributors to the diet were hyphaene thebaica and acacia senegal, and these were the only plant species found in the diet during every month ... | 2008 | 18931503 |
| testing the function of reconciliation and third-party affiliation for aggressors in hamadryas baboons (papio hamadryas hamadryas). | in social groups, agonistic conflicts can have different negative consequences. several post-conflict interactions have been suggested as post-conflict management behaviors to mitigate those negative effects. in this study, we investigated the function of two post-conflict behaviors--reconciliation and aggressor-initiated third-party affiliation--on the aggressor's levels of post-conflict anxiety and aggression in a large colony of hamadryas baboons. we also examined variation in the aggressor's ... | 2009 | 18837043 |
| osteopenia and osteoporosis in adult baboons (papio hamadryas). | little is known about the degree to which baboons, an important animal model in skeletal research, spontaneously experience age-related osteopenia and osteoporosis. | 2008 | 18642436 |
| the effects of diabetes and aminoguanidine treatment on endothelial function in a primate model of type 1 diabetes. | abnormalities of endothelial function have been demonstrated in diabetes and are thought to play a role in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications. the aims of this study were to determine whether aminoguanidine, an inhibitor of glycation, can prevent endothelial and microcirculation abnormalities in a primate model of type 1 diabetes. male baboons (papio hamadryas) were assigned to one of the four groups: control, diabetes, control treated with aminoguanidine or diabetes treated with aminogu ... | 2008 | 18481256 |
| social stressors and coping mechanisms in wild female baboons (papio hamadryas ursinus). | we examined the social correlates of fecal glucocorticoid (gc) levels in wild female baboons during a period of social and demographic stability. females' gc levels were not affected by individual attributes such as number of kin or dominance rank, nor could we detect any significant seasonal effects. instead, gc levels were influenced by behavioral attributes that varied between individuals and within individuals across time. pregnant and cycling females who received high rates of aggression ha ... | 2008 | 18076884 |
| glucocorticoids do not protect against the lethal effects of experimental heatstroke in baboons. | the mortality and neurological morbidity in heatstroke have been attributed to the host's inflammatory responses to heat stress, suggesting that anti-inflammatory therapy may improve outcome. we tested the hypothesis that a high dose of dexamethasone protects baboons against the lethal effects of heatstroke. ten anesthetized baboons (papio hamadryas) were assigned randomly to dexamethasone (n = 5) or control group (n = 5). dexamethasone (2 mg/kg i.v.) was administered in four divided doses every ... | 2007 | 17438465 |
| heritability of brain volume, surface area and shape: an mri study in an extended pedigree of baboons. | to evaluate baboons (papio hamadryas) as a primate model for the study of the genetic control of brain size and internal structure, we performed high resolution (<500 microm) magnetic resonance imaging on 109 pedigreed baboons. quantitative genetic analysis of these mr images using a variance components approach indicates that native (untransformed) brain volume exhibits significant heritability among these baboons (h(2) = 0.52, p = 0.0049), with age and sex also accounting for substantial varia ... | 2007 | 17437285 |
| an agent-based model of group decision making in baboons. | we present an agent-based model of the key activities of a troop of chacma baboons (papio hamadryas ursinus) based on the data collected at de hoop nature reserve in south africa. we analyse the predictions of the model in terms of how well it is able to duplicate the observed activity patterns of the animals and the relationship between the parameters that control the agent's decision procedure and the model's predictions. at the current stage of model development, we are able to show that acro ... | 2007 | 17428770 |
| a study on the social structure and dispersal patterns of hamadryas baboons living in a commensal group at taif, saudi arabia. | three levels of hamadryas social structure--the one male unit (omu), the band, and the troop--have been observed at all sites studied, but a fourth--the clan--has been observed at only one site, erer-gota, ethiopia, during a longitudinal check of the dispersion of identified individuals. the clan is important since it appears to provide the basis for male philopatry, although comparative data is needed from other sites to confirm this. we studied a huge commensal group of hamadryas baboons (over ... | 2007 | 17415621 |
| kin-mediated reconciliation substitutes for direct reconciliation in female baboons. | it has been hypothesized that group-living mammals engage in reconciliation (post-conflict affiliation between former opponents) to reduce the disruptive costs of aggression and restore opponents' tolerance to baseline levels. recipients of aggression are sometimes reluctant to tolerate the proximity of a recent opponent, however, in apparent fear that aggression will be renewed. in such cases, reconciliatory behaviour by the aggressor's close kin may substitute for direct reconciliation. we des ... | 2007 | 17301022 |
| pet imaging in the photosensitive baboon: case-controlled study. | the baboon (papio hamadryas spp) offers a natural primate animal model of photosensitive generalized epilepsy. this study compared changes in cerebral blood flow (cbf) during intermittent light stimulation (ils) between photosensitive and asymptomatic baboons. | 2007 | 17295617 |
| genetic correlations between mandibular molar cusp areas in baboons. | primate evolutionary studies rely significantly on dental variation given the large role that teeth play in how an organism interacts with its environment (animal and plant) and conspecifics. variation in cusp size has been shown to vary among primate taxa, although most studies to date focused on extant and extinct hominoids. here we test the assumed hypothesis that a significant proportion of this variation in baboons is due to the additive effects of genes. we perform quantitative genetic ana ... | 2007 | 17154363 |
| a multivariate comparison of dental variation in wild and captive populations of baboons (papio hamadryas). | phenotypic variation is critical to many aspects of biological research. use of a captive population to address questions concerning the genetics and evolution of dental variation raises the question of how the pattern of phenotypic variation under study compares with that in a wild population of the same species. differences in the pattern of variation within wild and captive populations may indicate different genetic and non-genetic factors, and also may have implications for how well the capt ... | 2007 | 17049484 |
| the ecology of motherhood: the structuring of lactation costs by chacma baboons. | 1. data from a long-term study of papio hamadryas ursinus (l.) in the de hoop nature reserve, western cape, south africa, were used to test the assumptions and predictions of altmann's model of maternal time budgets. 2. female baboons' feeding time was below model predictions, and there was no evidence for a consistent increase in feeding time with infant age. in addition, female feeding time was not significantly higher than observed baseline feeding times for nonlactating females. 3. female ba ... | 2006 | 17009751 |
| conflict management by hamadryas baboons (papio hamadryas hamadryas) during crowding: a tension-reduction strategy. | primates change a variety of behavioral responses during short-term exposure to crowding. under crowded conditions, rates of aggression, submissive behavior, and affiliative behavior may increase or decrease. different patterns of change among these three categories of response have been interpreted as various coping "strategies" for managing the increased risk of conflict under crowded conditions. grooming is of particular interest because this behavior is known to have a calming influence on t ... | 2006 | 16892412 |
| primary amenorrhea associated with ovarian leiomyoma in a baboon (papio hamadryas). | a 6-y-old female baboon was examined due to absence of menstrual cycling and secondary sex characteristics and failure to reproduce. the mammary glands and vaginal introitus were hypoplastic, the clitoris was prominent, and the perineal skin was immature with lack of cyclic color alterations and sexual swelling. evaluation of the reproductive tract revealed a hypoplastic uterus and rudimentary ovaries with the presence of an ovarian leiomyoma within the right ovary. hormonal values (estradiol, p ... | 2006 | 16642973 |