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sequence analyses at mitochondrial and nuclear loci reveal a novel theileria sp. and aid in the phylogenetic resolution of piroplasms from australian marsupials and ticks.the order piroplasmida encompasses two main families: babesiidae and theileriidae, containing tick-borne pathogens of veterinary and medical importance worldwide. while only three genera (babesia, cytauxzoon and theileria) comprising piroplasm parasites are currently recognised, phylogenetic studies at the 18s rrna (18s) gene suggest that these organisms represent at least ten lineages, one of which comprises the relatively unique and highly diverse theileria spp. from australian marsupials and ...201931851687
a novel approach to assessing the ecosystem-wide impacts of reintroductions.reintroducing a species to an ecosystem can have significant impacts on the recipient ecological community. although reintroductions can have striking and positive outcomes, they also carry risks; many well-intentioned conservation actions have had surprising and unsatisfactory outcomes. a range of network-based mathematical methods has been developed to make quantitative predictions of how communities will respond to management interventions. these methods are based on the limited knowledge of ...201930312496
elucidating patterns in the occurrence of threatened ground-dwelling marsupials using camera-traps.establishing trends in endangered fauna against management efforts is a key but often challenging enterprise. camera-traps offer a new and literal window into monitoring many different mammalian species. getting it right demands seeking baseline information about how often target species interact with these devices, prior to setting a long-term monitoring strategy. we used a camera-trap array to collect detection data on three species of threatened ground-dwelling marsupials in south-eastern mai ...201931684179
identification of a novel species of eimeria schneider, 1875 from the woylie, bettongia penicillata gray (diprotodontia: potoroidae) and the genetic characterisation of three eimeria spp. from other potoroid marsupials.faecal samples (n = 1,093) collected from the woylie bettongia penicillata gray, in south-western australia were examined for the presence of coccidian parasites. eimeria sp. oöcysts were detected in 15.2% of samples. faecal samples obtained from the eastern bettong bettongia gaimardi (desmarest) (n = 4) and long-nosed potoroo potorous tridactylus (kerr) (n = 12) in tasmania, were also screened for the presence of eimeria spp. (prevalence 50% and 41.7%, respectively). morphological and genetic c ...201931332672
habitat and introduced predators influence the occupancy of small threatened macropods in subtropical australia.australia has had the highest rate of mammal extinctions in the past two centuries when compared to other continents. frequently cited threats include habitat loss and fragmentation, changed fire regimes and the impact of introduced predators, namely the red fox (vulpes vulpes) and the feral cat (felis catus). recent studies suggest that australia's top predator, the dingo (canis dingo), may have a suppressive effect on fox populations but not on cat populations. the landscape of fear hypothesis ...201931236222
skin structure in newborn marsupials with focus on cutaneous gas exchange.a morphological and morphometric study of the skin of a variety of newborn marsupials (dasyurus viverrinus, monodelphis domestica, trichosurus vulpecula, isoodon obesulus, perameles nasuta, phascolarctos cinereus, potorous tridactylus, petrogale penicillata, thylogale thetidi, macropus dorsalis) and of a monotreme hatchling (ornithorhynchus anatinus) was undertaken to assess the possibility of cutaneous gas exchange. additionally, the lungs of some of these species were investigated to assess it ...201829947022
hyperoxaluria, hyperglycoluria and renal oxalosis in gilbert's potoroos (potorous gilbertii).six gilbert's potoroos (potorous gilbertii) in a captive colony, five of which were closely related, died or were euthanased with severe renal disease. clinical signs were mostly non-specific. renal calculi were seen on ultrasound of two affected potoroos and oxalate crystalluria was seen in two of three affected potoroos that had urine samples examined. necropsies revealed extensive severe renal oxalosis in all affected potoroos. these findings and markedly increased concentrations of glycolate ...201728653383
numa recruits dynein activity to microtubule minus-ends at mitosis.to build the spindle at mitosis, motors exert spatially regulated forces on microtubules. we know that dynein pulls on mammalian spindle microtubule minus-ends, and this localized activity at ends is predicted to allow dynein to cluster microtubules into poles. how dynein becomes enriched at minus-ends is not known. here, we use quantitative imaging and laser ablation to show that numa targets dynactin to minus-ends, localizing dynein activity there. numa is recruited to new minus-ends independe ...201729185983
in this issue - july 2017: rhdv vaccine protects against both strains of virus  ·  olfactory neuroblastoma in a malamute  ·  coincidental conditions affecting dysphagia in a miniature poodle  ·  support for storing high-quality bovine colostrum  ·  sarcoptic mange in koalas  ·  renal oxalosis in rare gilbert's potoroos  ·  novel trypanosomes in a little red flying fox. 201728653384
occurrence of pasteurellaceae bacteria in the oral cavity of selected marsupial species.eighty-two pasteurellaceae isolates from marsupials characterized by phylogenetic analysis of rpob gene sequences formed five distinct groups. twenty-one strains from long-nosed potoroos ( potorous tridactylus apicalis), spotted-tailed quolls ( dasyurus maculatus), and eastern quolls ( dasyurus viverrinus) made up group 1, which classified with frederiksenia canicola. group 2, 15 strains from tasmanian devils ( sarcophilus harrisii), common wombats ( vombatus ursinus), common ring-tailed possums ...201729297829
molecular characterization of native australian trypanosomes in quokka (setonix brachyurus) populations from western australia.the quokka, setonix brachyurus, is a vulnerable, small marsupial endemic to western australia. blood samples were collected from quokkas from three different geographical locations; two peoples bay, bald island and rottnest island. the overall prevalence of trypanosomes by nested pcr at the 18s ribosomal rna gene was 57.3% (63/110) with prevalences of 91.4%, 85.3% and 4.9% respectively for two peoples bay, bald island and rottnest island. phylogenetic analysis conducted on 47 18s pcr positives i ...201626697991
a new species of potoroxyuris (nematoda: oxyuridae) from the woylie bettongia penicillata (marsupialia: potoroidae) from southwestern australia.potoroxyuris keninupensis n.sp. (nematoda: oxyuridae) is described based on specimens recovered from the caecum and colon of two woylies, bettongia penicillata (marsupialia: potoroidae) from western australia. only one other species of potoroxyuris has been described previously, potoroxyuris potoroo (johnston and mawson, 1939) mawson, 1964, from potorous tridactylus. the new species is most easily differentiated from p. potoroo by the shape of the pharyngeal lobes. the pharyngeal lobes of p. ken ...201627437181
investigation of the morphological diversity of the potentially zoonotic trypanosoma copemani in quokkas and gilbert's potoroos.trypanosomes are blood-borne parasites that can cause severe disease in both humans and animals, yet little is known of the pathogenicity and life-cycles of trypanosomes in native australian mammals. trypanosoma copemani is known to be infective to a variety of australian marsupials and has recently been shown to be potentially zoonotic as it is resistant to normal human serum. in the present study, in vivo and in vitro examination of blood and cultures from australian marsupials was conducted u ...201526160545
draft de novo transcriptome of the rat kangaroo potorous tridactylus as a tool for cell biology.the rat kangaroo (long-nosed potoroo, potorous tridactylus) is a marsupial native to australia. cultured rat kangaroo kidney epithelial cells (ptk) are commonly used to study cell biological processes. these mammalian cells are large, adherent, and flat, and contain large and few chromosomes-and are thus ideal for imaging intra-cellular dynamics such as those of mitosis. despite this, neither the rat kangaroo genome nor transcriptome have been sequenced, creating a challenge for probing the mole ...201526252667
measurements of forces produced by the mitotic spindle using optical tweezers.we used a trapping laser to stop chromosome movements in mesostoma and crane-fly spermatocytes and inward movements of spindle poles after laser cuts across potorous tridactylus (rat kangaroo) kidney (ptk2) cell half-spindles. mesostoma spermatocyte kinetochores execute oscillatory movements to and away from the spindle pole for 1-2 h, so we could trap kinetochores multiple times in the same spermatocyte. the trap was focused to a single point using a 63× oil immersion objective. trap powers of ...201323485565
transfection of pseudouridine-modified mrna encoding cpd-photolyase leads to repair of dna damage in human keratinocytes: a new approach with future therapeutic potential.uvb irradiation induces harmful photochemical reactions, including formation of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (cpds) in dna. accumulation of unrepaired cpd lesions causes inflammation, premature ageing and skin cancer. photolyases are dna repair enzymes that can rapidly restore dna integrity in a light-dependent process called photoreactivation, but these enzymes are absent in humans. here, we present a novel mrna-based gene therapy method that directs synthesis of a marsupial, potorous tridacty ...201324211294
targeting telomere-containing chromosome ends with a near-infrared femtosecond laser to study the activation of the dna damage response and dna damage repair pathways.telomeres are at the ends of chromosomes. previous evidence suggests that laser-induced deoxyribose nucleic acid (dna) breaks at chromosome ends during anaphase results in delayed cytokinesis. a possible explanation for this delay is that the dna damage response (ddr) mechanism has been activated. we describe a live imaging method to study the effects of ddr activation following focal point near-infrared femtosecond laser microirradiation either at a single chromosome end or at a chromosome arm ...201324064949
novel insights into the phylogenetic relationships of the endangered marsupial genus potorous.the three extant potoroo species of the marsupial genus potorous -potorous tridactylus, p. longipes and p. gilbertii - are all of conservation concern due to introduced predators and habitat loss associated with the european settlement of australia. robust phylogenies can be useful to inform conservation management, but past phylogenetic studies on potoroos have been unable to fully resolve relationships within the genus. here, a multi-locus approach was employed, using three mitochondrial dna ( ...201222643287
identification of novel babesia and theileria genotypes in the endangered marsupials, the woylie (bettongia penicillata ogilbyi) and boodie (bettongia lesueur).piroplasms, which include the genera theileria and babesia, are blood-borne parasites transmitted mainly by tick vectors. relatively little is known about their prevalence and clinical impact in australian marsupials. in the present study the occurrence and molecular phylogeny of these parasites were studied in both wild and captive marsupials from western australia (wa) and queensland (qld). blood samples were screened by microscopy and molecular methods, using pcr and dna sequencing of the 18s ...201222433913
changes in milk composition during lactation in the potoroo, potorous tridactylus (marsupialia: potoroinae).milk samples from captive potoroos were analysed for composition during weeks 3-25 of the lactation period. during pouch residence, up to week 16, carbohydrate levels were high, ranging from 9 g 100 ml-1 at week 5 to 15 g 100 ml-1 at week 15; fat levels were consistently low, at around 2 g 100 ml-1; protein levels gradually increased from 5 g 100 ml-1 before week 10 to 12 g 100 ml-1 at week 16. growth rates during this period increased exponentially, from 1 g week-1 at week 3 to 40 g week-1 at w ...20123270499
vector of trypanosoma copemani identified as ixodes sp.summarya total of 41 ticks were collected from 15 quokkas on bald island and 2 ticks from a gilbert's potoroo from two peoples bay. three species of ixodid ticks ixodes australiensis, ixodes hirsti and ixodes myrmecobii were identified on the quokkas known to have a high prevalence of trypanosoma copemani. tick faeces from ticks isolated from 8 individual quokkas and a gilbert's potoroo were examined with one identified as positive for trypanosomes. faecal examination revealed trypanosomes simil ...201121518469
modification of uptake and subcellular distribution of doxorubicin by n-acylhydrazone residues as visualised by intrinsic fluorescence.purpose: doxorubicin (1) is commonly used in the treatment of a wide range of cancers. some n-acylhydrazones of 1 were previously found to have an improved tumour and organ selectivity. in order to clarify the molecular basis for this effect, the cellular uptake into various cancer cells and the localisation in ptk(2) potoroo kidney cells of 1 and its n-acylhydrazones derived from heptadecanoic acid (2) and 11-(menthoxycarbonyl)undecanoic acid (3) were studied drawing on their intrinsic fluoresc ...201121607555
The Potorous CPD photolyase rescues a cryptochrome-deficient mammalian circadian clock.Despite the sequence and structural conservation between cryptochromes and photolyases, members of the cryptochrome/photolyase (flavo)protein family, their functions are divergent. Whereas photolyases are DNA repair enzymes that use visible light to lesion-specifically remove UV-induced DNA damage, cryptochromes act as photoreceptors and circadian clock proteins. To address the functional diversity of cryptochromes and photolyases, we investigated the effect of ectopically expressed Arabidopsis ...201121858120
Balanoposthitis, dyspareunia, and treponema in the critically endangered Gilbert's potoroo (Potorous gilbertii).The Gilbert's potoroo (Potorous gilbertii) is one of Australia's most critically endangered mammals with a current estimated population of 70 individuals. Both the wild and captive populations have a long history of balanoposthitis with associated crusting, ulceration, and preputial discharge. We sought to identify the microbial species found in the discharge, determine their significance in causing balanoposthitis, and correlate these findings with reproductive success and survivorship. Bacteri ...201122102677
masticatory motor programs in australian herbivorous mammals: diprotodontia.movement of the jaw during molar occlusion is determined by the sequence of activity in the adductor muscles and this sequence is one way to define a masticatory motor program. based on the similarity of molar structure, it is probable that the american opossum and the early tertiary mammals that gave rise to all australian marsupials probably shared a common "primitive" masticatory motor program. the distinct and various patterns of movement of the jaw in the major groups of australian marsupia ...201121700567
cellular localisation of antitumoral 6-alkyl thymoquinones revealed by an alkyne-azide click reaction and the streptavidin-biotin system.the subcellular distribution and accumulation of thymoquinone 1, a natural anticancer agent, has hitherto been unknown. we prepared 6-(dec-9-ynyl)thymoquinone 3, an alkyne-labelled derivative with anticancer activity similar to that of its parent compound 1. alkyne 3 was seen, after a huisgen-type click reaction with 3-azido-7-hydroxycoumarin, to accumulate in distinct compartments of the nuclei of ptk(2) potoroo kidney cells, and in adjoining regions that were stained with an antibody specific ...201121500333
chromosome tips damaged in anaphase inhibit cytokinesis.genome maintenance is ensured by a variety of biochemical sensors and pathways that repair accumulated damage. during mitosis, the mechanisms that sense and resolve dna damage remain elusive. studies have demonstrated that damage accumulated on lagging chromosomes can activate the spindle assembly checkpoint. however, there is little known regarding damage to dna after anaphase onset. in this study, we demonstrate that laser-induced damage to chromosome tips (presumptive telomeres) in anaphase o ...201020811641
monitoring reproduction in the critically endangered marsupial, gilbert's potoroo (potorous gilbertii): preliminary analysis of faecal oestradiol-17beta, cortisol and progestagens.gilbert's potoroo (potorous gilbertii) was rediscovered in 1994 after having been presumed extinct for 120 years. estimates indicate fewer than 40 individuals remain at two peoples bay nature reserve on the south coast of western australia although a translocated population of approximately 20 animals has recently been established on nearby bald island. a captive breeding facility has been established adjacent to the mainland population but few young have been produced (8 since 1995). faecal lev ...201019539621
structure and expression of two nuclear receptor genes in marsupials: insights into the evolution of the antisense overlap between the α-thyroid hormone receptor and rev-erbα.alternative processing of α-thyroid hormone receptor (trα, nr1a1) mrnas gives rise to two functionally antagonistic nuclear receptors: trα1, the α-type receptor, and trα2, a non-hormone binding variant that is found only in mammals. trα2 shares an unusual antisense coding overlap with mrna for rev-erbα (nr1d1), another nuclear receptor protein. in this study we examine the structure and expression of these genes in the gray short-tailed opossum, monodelphis domestica, in comparison with that of ...201021143985
morphological and molecular characterization of trypanosoma copemani n. sp. (trypanosomatidae) isolated from gilbert's potoroo ( potorous gilbertii) and quokka ( setonix brachyurus).little is known of the prevalence and life-cycle of trypanosomes in mammals native to australia. native australian trypanosomes have previously been identified in marsupials in the eastern states of australia, with one recent report in brush-tailed bettongs (bettongia penicillata), or woylie in western australia in 2008. this study reports a novel trypanosoma sp. identified in blood smears, from 7 critically endangered gilbert's potoroos (potorous gilbertii) and 3 quokkas (setonix brachyurus) in ...200919416553
comparative study on the effect of human bst-2/tetherin on hiv-1 release in cells of various species.in this study, we first demonstrate that endogenous hbst-2 is predominantly expressed on the plasma membrane of a human t cell line, mt-4 cells, and that vpu-deficient hiv-1 was less efficiently released than wild-type hiv-1 from mt-4 cells. in addition, surface hbst-2 was rapidly down-regulated in wild-type but not vpu-deficient hiv-1-infected cells. this is a direct insight showing that provirus-encoded vpu has the potential to down-regulate endogenous hbst-2 from the surface of hiv-1-infected ...200919490609
theileria gilberti n. sp. (apicomplexa: theileriidae) in the gilbert's potoroo (potorous gilbertii).the morphology and genetic characterisation of a new species of piroplasm identified in the blood of the gilbert's potoroo (potorous gilbertii) from the two peoples bay nature reserve near albany, western australia, is described from blood and tissue samples from 16 gilbert's potoroos. microscopy of blood showed these parasites are highly pleomorphic with a mean length of 1.8 mum and mean width of 0.85 mum. phylogenetic analysis of 18s rrna sequence data identified the piroplasm as a new species ...200919527357
hematological and serum biochemical reference values and cohort analysis in the gilbert's potoroo (potorous gilbertii).hematology and serum biochemistry blood values are tabulated for australia's most critically endangered mammal, the gilbert's potoroo (potorous gilbertii). significant differences were found between origin (captive or wild individuals) and age (subadult or adult) of animals. sex, and presence or absence of treponema infection, had minimal significance on blood values. typical cell morphology is discussed, and hemoparasite examination identified theileria spp. and breinlia spp. eighty samples wer ...200919569474
4pi microscopy of the nuclear pore complex.to explore whether super-resolution fluorescence microscopy is able to resolve topographic features of single cellular protein complexes, a two-photon 4pi microscope was used to study the nuclear pore complex (npc). the microscope had an axial resolution of 110-130 nm and a two-color localization accuracy of 5-10 nm. in immune-labeled hela cells, npcs could be resolved much better by 4pi than by confocal microscopy. when two epitopes of the npc, one localized at the tip of the cytoplasmic filame ...200818375513
[the phenomenon of phylogenetic synhospitality in acariform mites (acari: acariformes)--the permanent parasites of vertebrates].the term synhospitality means the association of two or more closely related parasite species with one host species (eichler, 1966). the cases of two or three synhospitalic species are known from the same host species, and especially ones where parasites were recorded from different parts of the host range, are quite common. the most ordinary reason causing synhospitality in permanent parasites is the host switching. nevertheless, there are a number of synhospitality cases, where the parasite co ...200818664065
calmodulin bound to stress fibers but not microtubules involves regulation of cell morphology and motility.calmodulin (cam) is a major cytoplasmic calcium receptor that performs multiple functions including cell motility. to investigate the mechanism of the regulation of cam on cell morphology and motility, first we checked the distribution of cam in the living cells using gfp-cam as an indicator. we found that gfp-cam showed a fiber-like distribution pattern in the cytosol of living potorous tridactylis kidney (ptk2) cells but not in living hela cells. the endogenous cam in heavily permeabilized hel ...200817884685
genomic instability within centromeres of interspecific marsupial hybrids.several lines of evidence suggest that, within a lineage, particular genomic regions are subject to instability that can lead to specific types of chromosome rearrangements important in species incompatibility. within family macropodidae (kangaroos, wallabies, bettongs, and potoroos), which exhibit recent and extensive karyotypic evolution, rearrangements involve chiefly the centromere. we propose that centromeres are the primary target for destabilization in cases of genomic instability, such a ...200718073443
fluorescence correlation spectroscopy investigation of a gfp mutant-enhanced cyan fluorescent protein and its tubulin fusion in living cells with two-photon excitation.this study investigates the feasibility of using the enhanced cyan mutant of green fluorescent protein (ecfp) as a probe for two-photon fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (fcs). molecular dynamics and other properties of ecfp and an ecfp-tubulin fusion protein were investigated in living potorous tridactylis (ptk2) cells. ecfp has high molecular brightness in the nucleus (eta=3.3 kcpsm) and in the cytoplasm (3.2 kcpsm) under our experimental conditions. the diffusion constants of ecfp were de ...200715065907
verification of cell viability at progressively higher scanning forces using a hybrid atomic force and fluorescence microscope.the prudent use of the atomic force microscope as a supra-vital live cell imaging tool requires that cell viability must be determined before and after scanning. complementary optical techniques in conjunction with the fluorescent dyes rhodamine-123 and ethidium homodimer have been used within this study to determine cell viability after increasing loads are applied in contact mode. guideline force ranges for five commonly cultured cell lines, human squamous carcinoma (a431), fibroblast, hela, p ...200717970918
cryptococcosis in gilbert's and long-nosed potoroo.two cases of fatal cryptococcosis are described, one of cryptococcus neoformans infection in a gilbert's potoroo (potorous gilbertii) and one of cryptococcus gattii infection in a long-nosed potoroo (potorous tridactylus). the diagnoses were confirmed by culture and specific immunohistochemistry, respectively. the long-nosed potoroo tested positive using the latex cryptococcal antigen test (lcat), whereas the gilbert's potoroo had a negative lcat result despite having advanced disease of some du ...200718229862
protection after x-irradiation by 1,4-dithiothreitol of two mammalian cell types in vitro.1,4-dithiothreitol (dtt) was found to diminish the amount of chromosomal breakage in leucocyte cultures of the marsupial potorous tridactylus and in the don strain of chinese hamster cells (lhi). the maximum decrease of damage in potorous lymphocytes was to 54% of that of the irradiated cells without dtt treatment, and to 64% in the case of the chinese hamster cells. for both cell types, it was shown that the most significant effect of dtt was due to its presence in the first 30 min post irradia ...2005546598
controlled ablation of microtubules using a picosecond laser.the use of focused high-intensity light sources for ablative perturbation has been an important technique for cell biological and developmental studies. in targeting subcellular structures many studies have to deal with the inability to target, with certainty, an organelle or large macromolecular complex. here we demonstrate the ability to selectively target microtubule-based structures with a laser microbeam through the use of enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (eyfp) and enhanced cyan fluores ...200415454403
a centromere-specific retroviral element associated with breaks of synteny in macropodine marsupials.studies of chromosome evolution have focused heavily on the evolution of conserved syntenic, gene-rich domains. it is obvious, however, that the centromere plays an equally important role in chromosome evolution, through its involvement in fissions, centric fusions, translocations, inversions and centric shifts. it is unclear how the centromere, either as a functioning unit of the chromosome or as a dna sequence motif, has been involved in these processes. marsupials of the family macropodidae ( ...200415305065
molecular phylogenetic relationships of two extinct potoroid marsupials, potorous platyops and caloprymnus campestris (potoroinae: marsupialia).complete 12s rrna and partial cytochrome b (cytb) gene sequences have been obtained from museum samples of two recently extinct potoroids-potorous platyops and caloprymnus campestris. phylogenetic analyses based on these mitochondrial dna sequences suggest that the broad-faced potoroo (p. platyops) was a close relative of the recently discovered potorous longipes and the recently re-discovered potorous gilberti. although the extinct desert rat-kangaroo (c. campestris) was clearly resolved as a m ...200415062789
archazolids, new cytotoxic macrolactones from archangium gephyra (myxobacteria). production, isolation, physico-chemical and biological properties.novel cytotoxic compounds, archazolid a and b, were isolated from the culture broth of strains of the myxobacteria archangium gephyra and cystobacter sp. archazolids consist of a macrocyclic lactone ring with a thiazole side chain and showed high activity against mammalian cells. the ic50 values with different cell lines ranged from 0.1 to 1 ng/ml. an incubation of ptk2 potoroo cells with archazolid a (5 ng/ml) led to the formation of vacuoles in the er, a phenomenon that is typical for inhibito ...200312931860
localization of chromosome regions in potoroo nuclei ( potorous tridactylus marsupialia: potoroinae).chromosome paints of the rat kangaroo ( aepyprymnus rufuscens, 2 n=32) were used to define chromosome regions in the long nosed potoroo ( potorous tridactylus, 2 n=12 female, 13 male) karyotype and localize these regions in three-dimensionally preserved nuclei of the potoroo to test the hypothesis that marsupial chromosomes have a radial distribution. in human nuclei chromosomes are distributed in a proposed radial fashion. gene-rich chromosomes in the human interphase nucleus are preferentially ...200312844220
wide range of chlamydiales types detected in native australian mammals.the chlamydiales are a unique order of intracellular bacterial pathogens that cause significant disease of birds and animals, including humans. the recent development of a chlamydiales-specific 16s rdna polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay has enabled the identification of chlamydiales dna from an increasing range of hosts and environmental sources. whereas the australian marsupial, the koala, has previously been shown to harbour several chlamydiales types, no other australian marsupials have b ...200314519335
an analysis of chromosomal sensitivity of hpk1 cells from the marsupial potorous tridactylus to x-rays and to heliotrine. 20035065177
cloning of human, murine, and marsupial keratin 7 and a survey of k7 expression in the mouse.keratins are cytoplasmic intermediate filament proteins expressed by epithelial cells. keratin 7 (k7) is expressed in a wide range of epithelial structures in humans. we have cloned and fully sequenced the human and mouse k7 genes and mrnas, and the k7 mrna from the marsupial potorous tridactylis, from which the widely used simple epithelial cell lines ptk1 and ptk2 are derived. percentage identity plots comparing the mouse and human genomic sequences revealed a number of conserved cpg islands a ...200212359226
photorepair prevents ultraviolet-induced apoptosis in human cells expressing the marsupial photolyase gene.photolyase absorbs blue light and employs the energy to remove uv-induced dna damage, cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers, or pyrimidine pyrimidone (6-4) lesions. these enzymes have been found in many living organisms ranging from bacteria to aplacental mammals, but their photoreactivation effect, such as survival increase of uv-irradiated cells by light-illumination, has not been identified in placental mammals, including humans. therefore, we introduced a photolyase gene derived from the marsupial r ...200010811124
length control of primary cilia: analysis of monociliate and multiciliate ptk1 cells.lengths of primary cilia in cultured ptk1 cells, on both a population basis and within individual (multiciliate) cells, have been compared. the latter examines the degree of discrepancy between cilia arising within the same cell and using a common precursor pool, on the hypothesis that a better correlation would be expected between cilia issuing from the same centrosome than between those in the population in general. to obtain accurate et plentiful measurements, a 'flow-fixation' technique was ...200011374436
effects of rhizopodin and latrunculin b on the morphology and on the actin cytoskeleton of mammalian cells.the effects of the novel myxobacterial compound rhizopodin on mammalian cells were studied and compared with those of latrunculin b. both substances induced adherently growing l929 mouse fibroblasts and ptk2 potoroo kidney cells to produce long, narrow, branched extensions or runners. rhizopodin was more efficient than latrunculin b in that respect (minimal inhibitory concentration with l929 cells 5 nm vs 50 nm), and, in contrast to latrunculin b, its effects were permanent. rhizopodin-treated c ...19999931358
[characteristics of quantitative karyotypic variability in cell line of kidney from rat kangaroo (potorous tridactylis)].the goal of this work was to investigate the numeral karyotypic variability in different sublines (mt, m2). these sublines are formed spontaneously from the main cell line (m) and have modal number of chromosomes 9 and 10, msvk (main structural variant karyotype)--3 + 3 + 1 + 2 and 3 + 4 + 2 + 1. there are general regulations which were originally got for the line m. in particular: 1) nonrandom character of cell distribution according to the number of chromosomal deviations from msvk; 2) specifi ...199910591120
[characteristics of quantitative karyotypic variability in cell line of kidney from rat kangaroo (potorous tridactylis)].the numerical regulations of karyotypic variability in cell line of rat kangaroo kidney, nbl-3-11, has been investigated. these regulations are similar with ones found for cell lines of the indian muntjac skin fibroblasts (m, mt, m2). in particular the balanced karyotypic structure of cell population in vitro is determined by correlations of the structural variants of the karyotype (svk). these correlations depend on the following regulations 1) nonrandom character of cell distribution according ...199910591122
karyotype relationships between four distantly related marsupials revealed by reciprocal chromosome painting.marsupial karyotypes have shown extensive conservation even between distantly related groups with a high diversity of life forms and reproductive biology. banding analysis has been the main test for assessing their homologies and chromosome rearrangements. more recently, cross-species reciprocal chromosome painting has been developed and applied to several mammalian species and has shown homologies and rearrangements not revealed by banding analysis. karyotype relationships between four marsupia ...199910560969
non-shivering thermogenesis in the potoroo, potorous tridactylus (kerr). 199824519
the phylogenetic position of the musky rat-kangaroo and the evolution of bipedal hopping in kangaroos (macropodidae: diprotodontia).kangaroos and their relatives (family macropodidae) are divided into the subfamilies macropodinae (kangaroos, wallabies, pademelons) and potoroinae (rat-kangaroos, potoroos, bettongs). the musky rat-kangaroo, hypsiprymnodon moschatus, is traditionally allied with other potoroines, based primarily on the basis of osteological characters and aspects of the female reproductive system. unlike other macropodids, however, which are capable of bipedal hopping, hypsiprymnodon is a quadrupedal bounder an ...199812066687
the chondramides: cytostatic agents from myxobacteria acting on the actin cytoskeleton.chondramides are cyclodepsipeptides produced by strains of the myxobacterium, chondromyces crocatus. these peptides, which have been reported to inhibit yeast and mammalian cell proliferation, are related to jasplakinolide, which has been isolated from marine sponges of the genus jaspis and has been shown to interfere with the actin cytoskeleton (a structural component of cells that helps maintain their shape and is involved in processes, such as cell division and cell locomotion). we studied th ...19989790549
activities of the microtubule-stabilizing agents epothilones a and b with purified tubulin and in cells resistant to paclitaxel (taxol(r)).epothilones a and b, natural products with minimal structural analogy to taxoids, have effects similar to those of paclitaxel (taxol(r)) in cultured cells and on microtubule protein, but differ from paclitaxel in retaining activity in multidrug-resistant cells. we examined interactions of the epothilones with purified tubulin and additional cell lines, including a paclitaxel-resistant ovarian carcinoma line with an altered beta-tubulin. the epothilones, like paclitaxel, induced tubulin to form m ...19978999970
the microtubule-stabilizing agent discodermolide competitively inhibits the binding of paclitaxel (taxol) to tubulin polymers, enhances tubulin nucleation reactions more potently than paclitaxel, and inhibits the growth of paclitaxel-resistant cells.the lactone-bearing polyhydroxylated alkatetraene (+)-discodermolide, which was isolated from the sponge discodermia dissoluta, induces the polymerization of purified tubulin with and without microtubule-associated proteins or gtp, and the polymers formed are stable to cold and calcium. these effects are similar to those of paclitaxel (taxol), but discodermolide is more potent. we confirmed that these properties represent hypernucleation phenomena; we obtained lower tubulin critical concentratio ...19979380024
investigation of the mechanism of retraction of the cell margin and rearward flow of nodules during mitotic cell rounding.we have studied two types of cell motility directed toward the cell center: retraction of the cell margin and rearward flow of small cytoplasmic nodules during mitotic cell rounding in potoroo tridactylis kidney (ptk2) cells by time-lapse video microscopy, drug treatments, and photoactivation of fluorescence. nodules flow rearward on thin, actin-rich fibers (retraction fibers) exposed as the cell margin retracts. retraction of the cell margin and rearward flow of nodules require intact actin fil ...19979017599
characterization of microsatellite loci in the endangered long-footed potoroo potorous longipes. 19979161018
adaptive changes in trabecular architecture in relation to functional strain patterns and disuse.principal strains and their orientation, determined from in vivo and in situ strains recorded from the lateral cortical surface of the calcaneus of potoroos (a small marsupial) during treadmill exercise and tension applied via the achilles tendon, were compared with the underlying trabecular architecture and its alignment to test wolff's "trajectorial theory" of trabecular alignment. in vivo and in situ principal compressive strains (-800 to -2000 mu e) were found to be aligned (mean 161 +/- 7 d ...19968830980
effect of cooling and cryopreservation on sperm motility and morphology of several species of marsupial.the effects of long-term cooling and freezing on sperm motility are described for six marsupial species: the fat-tailed dunnart, koala, brushtail possum, long-footed potoroo, northern brown bandicoot and ring-tailed possum. the effects of up to eight days of cooling at 4 degrees c on the motility of dunnart spermatozoa and the effect of cryopreservation on spermatozoa of the other species were determined. the cryoprotectant used was a tris-citrate-fructose-egg yolk-glycerol diluent. the percenta ...19968870089
interspecies diversity of the occludin sequence: cdna cloning of human, mouse, dog, and rat-kangaroo homologues.occludin has been identified from chick liver as a novel integral membrane protein localizing at tight junctions (furuse, m., t. hirase, m. itoh, a. nagafuchi, s. yonemura, sa. tsukita, and sh. tsukita. 1993. j. cell biol. 123:1777-1788). to analyze and modulate the functions of tight junctions, it would be advantageous to know the mammalian homologues of occludin and their genes. here we describe the nucleotide sequences of full length cdnas encoding occludin of rat-kangaroo (potoroo), human, m ...19968601611
myosin is involved in postmitotic cell spreading.we have investigated a role for myosin in postmitotic potoroo tridactylis kidney (ptk2) cell spreading by inhibitor studies, time-lapse video microscopy, and immunofluorescence. we have also determined the spatial organization and polarity of actin filaments in postmitotic spreading cells. we show that butanedione monoxime (bdm), a known inhibitor of muscle myosin ii, inhibits nonmuscle myosin ii and myosin v adenosine triphosphatases. bdm reversibly inhibits ptk2 postmitotic cell spreading. lis ...19957559774
ultraviolet-induced cell death is independent of dna replication in rat kangaroo cells.rat kangaroo (potorous tridactylus) cells have an efficient repair system for photoreactivation of lethal lesions induced by 254 nm uv. however, this ability is lost with increasing time after uv, being completely ineffective after 24 h. critical events leading to uv-induced cell death must occur within this period of time. dna synthesis was inhibited by the dna polymerase inhibitor aphidicolin and the loss of the capability to photorepair lethal lesions was maintained as for replicating cells. ...19957770506
ultrastructure and motility of spermatozoa in macropodid and potoroidid marsupials.in order to gain some understanding of the significance of the morphological features of spermatozoa within the macropodoidea, the motility of spermatozoa from two macropodids (petrogale xanthopus and dendrolagus matschiei) and the motility, number and distribution of spermatozoa from three potoroidids (aepyprymnus rufescens, bettongia penicillata and potorous tridactylus) were examined. sperm were collected by electro-ejaculation or from the cauda epididymides. epididymides from the potoroidids ...19958848581
a new class of dna photolyases present in various organisms including aplacental mammals.dna photolyase specifically repairs uv light-induced cyclobutane-type pyrimidine dimers in dna through a light-dependent reaction mechanism. we have obtained photolyase genes from drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly), oryzias latipes (killifish) and the marsupial potorous tridactylis (rat kangaroo), the first photolyase gene cloned from a mammalian species. the deduced amino acid sequences of these higher eukaryote genes show only limited homology with microbial photolyase genes. together with th ...19947813451
a monoclonal antibody epitope on keratin 8 identified using a phage peptide library.a bacteriophage random hexapeptide library was used to define the epitope of a monoclonal anti-keratin antibody. phage selected by the keratin 8-specific antibody le41 displayed highly related sequences on their piii coat protein. the consensus sequence s(x)lnp allowed the precise localization of an le41 epitope (sllsp) within the head domain (h1 subdomain) of human keratin 8, known to be important for correct filament polymerisation. by sequencing the immunizing antigen, keratin 8 from potorous ...19947507169
optical trapping for chromosome manipulation: a wavelength dependence of induced chromosome bridges.using a tunable titanium-sapphire laser, we have compared different wavelengths (from 700 to 840 nm) for their utility in optical trapping of chromosomes in mitotic rat kangaroo potorous tridactylus (ptk2) cells. it was found that irradiation with a near-infrared light induces the sticking together of chromosome shoulders. the attached chromatids failed to separate, or separated with significant delay and formed a chromosome bridge during anaphase. using this bridge (and induced c-mitosis) as a ...19938457677
energetic cost of locomotion as a function of ambient temperature and during growth in the marsupial potorous tridactylus.in the marsupial, the potoroo, multiple regression analysis shows that ambient temperature makes a minor (2%) contribution towards variation in oxygen consumption with speed. this suggests that the heat generated during running is substituted for heat which would otherwise have to be generated for temperature regulation. maximum levels of oxygen consumption are also temperature-independent over the range 5-25 degrees c, but plasma lactate concentrations at the conclusion of exercise significantl ...19938440970
relationships between plasma composition and parotid salivary composition and secretion rates in the potoroine marsupials, aepyprymnus rufescens and potorous tridactylus.parotid salivation was investigated in two species of potoroine marsupial, aepyprymnus rufescens and potorous tridactylus to ascertain flow rates and composition, the buffer capacity of the saliva with respect to possible dependence of these animals on foregut fermentation, and the similarity of anion excretion patterns to those of the kangaroo parotid. under anaesthesia neither species secreted spontaneously and secretion was stimulated by intravenous infusion of carbachol, bethanechol and isop ...19921281847
detection of the 125-kda nuclear protein mitotin in centrosomes, the poles of the mitotic spindle, and the midbody.mitotin is a nuclear protein detectable in all proliferating cells investigated so far, including human and plant cells. in interphase cells the protein is localized mainly in the nucleoplasm. in g2/m phase it displays a characteristic redistribution and a marked increase which initiated the name mitotin. this study presents the precise localization of mitotin in cytoplasmic structures in two cell types, the potoroo rat kangaroo ptk2 cell and the human lung cancer eplc 65 cell. in addition to it ...19921544381
energy metabolism in potoroine marsupials.fasting and fed metabolic rates were measured in three species of potoroine marsupials, the rufous rat-kangaroo (aepyprymnus rufescens), the long-nosed potoroo (potorous tridactylus) and the brush-tailed bettong (bettongia penicillata). there were no significant differences among potoroine species in fasting metabolic rate. the lowest fasting heat production for each species was 11-20% less than the interspecific value of 295 kj.kg-0.75.day-1 for basal metabolism of mature, non-reproductive euth ...19921401340
photoreactivation of ultraviolet radiation-induced release of arachidonic acid from marsupial cells.exposure of an established marsupial cell line, ptk2 (potorous tridactylus), to ultraviolet radiation (uvr) from an fs-40 sunlamp (280-400 nm) resulted in a fluence-dependent release of radiolabeled arachidonic acid (aa) from cell membranes. post-uvr, but not pre-uvr, exposure to photoreactivating light reversed uvr-induced pyrimidine dimers in dna and suppressed the uvr-induced release of aa. these data indicate that dna damage contributes to the release of aa from membrane phospholipids.19911665911
in vitro photosensitization ii. an electron microscopy study of cellular destruction with mono-l-aspartyl chlorin e6 and photofrin ii.primary sites of subcellular destruction with photofrin ii (pfii) and mono-l-aspartyl chlorin e6 (mace) were determined by transmission electron microscopy (tem). potorous tridactylus (ptk2) cells were grown in rose chambers and incubated for 24 hr with a sensitizer concentration sufficient to provide 100% mortality. cells were irradiated with laser light and fixed and processed for electron microscopy at various times post-irradiation. the results indicate that pfii initially destroys mitochond ...19892523992
laminar and non-laminar patterns of acetylcholinesterase activity in the marsupial lateral geniculate nucleus.acetylcholinesterase (ache) distribution in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (lgd) of 3 polyprotodont and 3 diprotodont marsupials has been compared with the cytoarchitecture and, as appropriate, with retinal terminal bands (rtbs) as demonstrated by tracers injected into the vitreous body. in this series those polyprotodont marsupials showing only partial segregation of retinal input (virginia opossum and tasmanian devil), display the least cell laminar differentiation. in them ache stainin ...19892731033
a tubulin identified by a monoclonal antibody is not present in mitotic spindles.a monoclonal antibody, g8, which recognizes a form of tubulin (g8-tubulin) with a novel distribution in rat-1 cells and potorous tridactylis kidney (ptk-2) cells was isolated. g8 labeled the interphase cytoskeleton of rat-1 fibroblasts but not mitotic spindles or midbodies. g8 also stained a fiber network in some but not all ptk-2 interphase cells but did not label mitotic spindles or midbodies in these cells. g8-tubulin is the only identified tubulin known to be absent from these structures. th ...19892806400
recovery of viral capacity in irradiated exponentially growing cells.exponentially growing cells of the ptk-2 line (atcc no. ccl56, from the marsupial potorous tridactylus) require protein and rna synthesis in a limited period following uv-radiation damage for optimal recovery as colony formers [overberg et al. (1988) mutat. res. 194, 83-92]. overall behavior suggests the operation of damage-induced recovery processes. the capacity of confluent cell monolayers for infection with unirradiated herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv-1) is sharply reduced by uv-irradiation. we ...19892548221
eimeria spp. (apicomplexa:eimeriidae) parasitic in the rat-kangaroos hypsiprymnodon moschatus, potorous tridactylus, aepyprymnus rufescens and bettongia gaimardi (marsupialia:potoroidae). 19883225116
evidence that the 90-kilodalton heat shock protein is associated with tubulin-containing complexes in l cell cytosol and in intact ptk cells.it has been established that the 90-kilodalton murine heat shock protein, hsp90, is associated with the untransformed, non-dna-binding form of the glucocorticoid receptor in l cell cytosol. in this work, we show that incubation of l cell cytosol with affi-gel-coupled monoclonal antibodies directed against either alpha-tubulin alone or both alpha- and beta-tubulin results in the immune-specific adsorption of hsp90 identified by western blotting with the ac88 monoclonal antibody. similarly, the ac ...19883062385
comparative lactation in two species of rat-kangaroo (marsupialia).1. milk composition and energy content was measured in two related marsupials, bettongia gaimardi and potorous tridactylus. 2. although protein content was consistently higher in bettong milk, lactational trends in both species are similar to those reported for other marsupials. 3. the faster relative growth rate of the bettong may be correlated with the increased protein and a higher milk intake.19882901316
propagation and quantitation of animal herpesviruses in eight cell culture systems.a comparative study was carried out to determine the relative sensitivities of eight different cell culture systems to six different herpesviruses of animals. the cells used were: ofl (ovine fetal lung), ml (mink lung), fk (ferret kidney), ptk-2 (potoroo kidney), tek (turkey embryo kidney), ed (equine dermal), bt (bovine turbinate), and pk15 (porcine kidney). the viruses tested were: prv (pseudorabies) of swine, cphv (caprine herpesvirus), ibrv (infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus), dn-599 s ...19882846231
radiation-induced recovery processes in cultured marsupial cells.the ultraviolet sensitivity of potorous tridactylus male kidney (ptk-2) cells is markedly increased by post irradiation treatment for 24 h with 5 microm emetine (which inhibits protein synthesis by acting on the 40s ribosomal subunit), or with 5 microm cycloheximide (which inhibits by interaction with the 60s subunit), or with the rna polymerase ii inhibitor 5,6-dichloro-1-beta-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole at 50 microm. all 3 treatments give the same sensitivity, while unirradiated cells are littl ...19883412365
posttranslational modification and microtubule stability.we have probed the relationship between tubulin posttranslational modification and microtubule stability, using a variation of the antibody-blocking technique. in human retinoblastoma cells we find that acetylated and detyrosinated microtubules represent congruent subsets of the cells' total microtubules. we also find that stable microtubules defined as those that had not undergone polymerization within 1 h after injection of biotin-tubulin were all posttranslationally modified; furthermore dyna ...19873316248
rna polymerase activity in ptk1 micronuclei containing individual chromosomes. an in vitro and in situ study.micronuclei have been induced by colchicine in rat kangaroo (potorous tridactylis) ptk1 cells. the synthesis of rna was investigated both in isolated micronuclei by quantifying rna polymerase activities at different ionic strengths with or without inhibitors, and in micronucleated cells by radioautography after [3h]uridine pulse labeling. in vitro transcription shows that isolated micronuclei are able to take up [3h]utp. the rate curves of incorporation are close to those of isolated diploid nuc ...19873817015
levels of synthesis of primate-specific nuclear proteins differ between growth-arrested and proliferating cells.a monoclonal antibody that reacts specifically with the proliferation-sensitive nuclear proteins, isoelectric focusing (ief) 8z30 and 8z31 (molecular weight (mw), 76,000 charge variants, hela protein catalogue number) has been characterized. as determined by indirect immunofluorescence, the antibody stains the nucleolus and nucleoplasm of interphase-cultured cells of primate origin, but does not react with cells of other species. proteins having similar mws and isoelectric points as the human or ...19873542540
growth and role of the corpus luteum throughout delayed gestation in the potoroo, potorous tridactylus.the growth cycle of the corpus luteum (cl) of the potoroo is similar to that of other macropodids. during delayed gestation, the post-partum cl remains quiescent until it is reactivated by removal of the sucking pouch young. the cl then undergoes a period of growth, rapid from day 6 until day 12, followed by a gradual decline from day 21 to day 27. excision of the cl before day 6 of pregnancy either inhibited embryonic development or failed to support it. excision of the cl between 6 and 21 days ...19863944807
effect of cadmium on the reproductive organs of the male potoroo potorous tridactylus (macropodidae).low (2.28 mg/kg) or high (4.56 mg/kg) doses of cadmium chloride were administered, either intraperitoneally or subcutaneously, to adult male potoroos (p. tridactylus). after 7 days, the testes, caput epididymis and spermatic cords of the high-dose groups all displayed a degree of cellular damage; however, the damage was not as extensive as that which occurs in some eutherian species after only 24 h. this time differential might be attributed to structural differences between the testicular blood ...19854091756
comparative studies on photoreactivation of ultraviolet light-induced t4 endonuclease susceptible sites and sister-chromatid exchanges in potorous cells.photoreactivation (pr) of t4 endonuclease-susceptible sites (ess) and sister-chromatid exchanges induced by ultraviolet light was investigated in potorous tridactylis pt k2 cells, using monochromatic light from a grating monochromator. both ess and sce showed maximum pr at 350 nm and the action spectra of pr essentially overlapped between ess and sce at 350, 400 and 450 nm. exposure to 325-nm light after uv irradiation induced additional ess and sce, but reduction of ess was shown by increasing ...19854000171
widespread cellular distribution of map-1a (microtubule-associated protein 1a) in the mitotic spindle and on interphase microtubules.in the accompanying paper (bloom, g.s., t.a. schoenfeld, and r.b. vallee, 1983, j. cell biol. 98:320-330), we reported that microtubule-associated protein 1 (map 1) from brain comprises multiple protein species, and that the principal component, map 1a, can be detected in both neuronal and glial cells by immunofluorescence microscopy using a monoclonal antibody. in the present study, we sought to determine the cellular and subcellular distribution of map 1a in commonly used cultured cell systems ...19846142895
the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus of macropodid marsupials: cytoarchitecture and retinal projections.the anatomy of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (lgd) is described in five macropodid species, including two rat kangaroos (bettong and potoroo), two wallabies (pademelon and tammar), and the large grey kangaroo. the distribution of retinal terminals in the lgd was examined following intraocular injections of tritiated amino acids. there are considerable differences in both lgd cytoarchitecture and the patterns of retinal terminations among the five species. cytoarchitecture in the bettong ...19846715581
morphologic evidence for fiber sorting in the fasciculus cuneatus.this report describes the medullary course and projection patterns of cervical dorsal root nerve fibers in five mammalian species (bushbaby, tree squirrel, raccoon, potoroo, and brush-tailed possum). after cutting a single cervical dorsal root and allowing appropriate postoperative survival, we studied serial, fink-heimer impregnated sections of the medulla from each individual to locate degenerated afferent fibers and endings. fibers from those rostral (c2) or caudal (c8) cervical roots studied ...19846745379
cycloheximide-sensitive recovery from 254 nm uv light damage in cultured marsupial cells.colony-forming ability of potorous tridactylus-kidney (ptk-2) cells was measured after exposure to 254-nm ultraviolet (uv) light and cycloheximide. addition of 5 microm cycloheximide after exposure of the cells to uv light greatly decreased cell survival. maximum effect of the drug was obtained by 24-h exposure after irradiation. the cycloheximide sensitivity of irradiated cells was eliminated if addition of the drug was delayed for 8-10 h after irradiation, or if the cells received photoreactiv ...19846472330
further observations on the potoroo (potorous tridactylus) in captivity.the maintenance and breeding performance of potoroos in captivity over a 7-year period is described. by removing offspring from the pouch and allowing 29 days for completion of embryonic development and birth to occur, pouch young of known ages can be obtained.19836865321
establishment of nucleolar deficient sublines of ptk2 (potorous tridactylis) by ultraviolet laser microirradiation.one of the two nucleoli of tetraploid ptk2 wa cells in early prophase was irradiated with an ultraviolet (uv) laser microbeam. the daughter cells that maintained the nucleolar deficiency were isolated and cloned. five nucleolar deficient sublines of ptk2 wa were established, thus providing an experimental system to study the ribosomal gene-nucleolar organizer complex.19836840209
the effects of hypoxia and co2 on the sleep-waking pattern of the potoroo (potorous tridactylus apicalis).four male potoroos (potorous tridactylus apicalis) breathed 21% and 7% o2 with and without the addition of 5% co2. the effects of these gas mixtures on the potoroo's sleeping-waking pattern (swp) were studied. the swp while breathing 21% o2/5% co2 was unchanged when compared with that of breathing ambient air (21% o2). while breathing 7% o2, the swp was severely disrupted: total sleep time (tst) and slow wave sleep (sws) increased markedly. brain temperature fell substantially. paradoxical sleep ...19836405411
assignment of snrna gene sequences to the large chromosomes of rat kangaroo and chinese hamster isolated by flow cytometric sorting.chromosomes from a rat kangaroo (potorous tridactylus) cell line (ptk2) and from a chinese hamster (cricetulus griseus) cell line (chv79) were isolated by means of fluorescence activated flow cytometric sorting. dapi (4'-6-diamino-2-phenylindole) was used as the dna specific fluorescent dye. the karyotype of the ptk2 cells which exhibits 13 chromosomes was separated into 6, and the 22 chromosomes of the chv79 cells were resolved into 11 fractions. dna extracted from these chromosomal fractions w ...19826181947
mycobacterial osteomyelitis in captive marsupials.mycobacterial osteomyelitis was detected in 3 marsupials exhibited at the national zoological park, washington, dc. one matschiei's tree kangaroo (dendrolagus matschiei), 1 parma wallaby (macropus parma), and 1 long-nosed rat kangaroo (potorous tridactylus) were affected. the parma wallaby had disseminated granulomatosis. acid-fast organisms were observed in the bone marrow of the wallaby, using the auramine-o-rhodamine fluorescent technique; however, cultures were negative. the tibiotarsal join ...19827174453
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