Publications

what parameters can be used for individual acoustic recognition by the greater flamingo?	the greater flamingo phoenicopterus ruber is a colonial bird for which acoustic communication plays a great role, in particular during the mating period. the study of contact calls emitted by the adults allow enables identification of some acoustic parameters which may be used for individual recognition. it appears that the frequential values of the harmonics, the distribution of energy in the spectrum as well as beats (mimicking amplitude modulations) are susceptible to represent individual mar ...	1996	8673616
adaptation to extreme environments: structure-function relationships in emperor penguin haemoglobin.	the functional properties of the single haemoglobin (hb) of emperor penguin (aptenodytes forsteri) have been investigated at different temperatures as a function of proton and organic phosphate concentration. the complete amino acid sequence has been established. comparison with that of human hba shows 12 substitutions in the contact regions of alpha beta dimers. in addition to overall similarities shared with most of the avian hbs previously described, this hb shows significant differences, whi ...	1994	8158641
emperor penguin oxygen consumption, heart rate and plasma lactate levels during graded swimming exercise.	oxygen consumption (vo2), heart rate and blood chemistry were measured in four emperor penguins, aptenodytes forsteri (gray), during graded swimming exercise. the maximum vo2 obtained, 52 ml o2 kg-1 min-1, was 7.8 times the measured resting vo2 of 6.7 ml o2 kg-1 min-1 and 9.1 times the predicted resting vo2. as the swimming effort rose, a linear increase in surface and submerged heart rates (fh) occurred. the highest average maximum surface and submersion heart rates of any bird were 213 and 210 ...	1994	7964411
heart rates and swim speeds of emperor penguins diving under sea ice.	heart rate during overnight rest and while diving were recorded from five emperor penguins with a microprocessor-controlled submersible recorder. heart rate, cardiac output and stroke volume were also measured in two resting emperor penguins using standard electrocardiography and thermodilution measurements. swim velocities from eight birds were obtained with the submersible recorder. the resting average of the mean heart rates was 72 beats min-1. diving heart rates were about 15% lower than res ...	1992	1588249
daily pattern of melatonin secretion in an antarctic bird, the emperor penguin, aptenodytes forsteri: seasonal variations, effect of constant illumination and of administration of isoproterenol or propranolol.	daily variations in circulating melatonin concentrations have been measured at monthly intervals from april to december 1986 in an antarctic bird, the emperor penguin, aptenodytes forsteri, maintained under natural conditions. both duration of the elevated nighttime melatonin levels and amplitude of the day-night rhythm displays an annual variation closely related to variations in the daylength. duration of the nocturnal peak of melatonin secretion depended upon the duration of the darkness, dec ...	1991	1783270
the effect of severe starvation and captivity stress on plasma thyroxine and triiodothyronine concentrations in an antarctic bird (emperor penguin).	the effect of confinement and severe starvation on the plasma thyroxine (t4) and triiodothyronine (t3) concentrations was determined in emperor penguins (aptenodytes forsteri). during their annual cycle, emperor penguins fast freely for periods of up to 4 months and may thus represent a unique subject to study endocrine adaptations to fasting. plasma t4 concentrations progressively decreased following capture and confinement of naturally fasting penguins, and within 15-20 days stabilized at leve ...	1989	2920894
sleep changes in emperor penguins during fasting.	the proportion and the distribution over 24 h of the different arousal stages characterized in emperor penguins [wakefulness (w), drowsiness (d), slow-wave sleep (sws), and paradoxical sleep (ps)] were studied under natural ambient conditions in four subjects that were first fed and then deprived of food for 7-18 days. in both fed and fasting states, each arousal stage was distributed through numerous episodes of short duration. the fasting state provoked only a slight increase in d. there was, ...	1989	2916698
morphometric patterns in recent and fossil penguins (aves, sphenisciformes).	a total of 622 skin specimens, 527 skeletons, and myological data compiled by schreiweis (1972) were used to investigate morphometric patterns within and among the 18 recent species of spheniscidae, and to compare the family with a fighted species, the common diving-petrel (pelecanoides urinator), considered by some authorities to be similar to the flighted ancestor of penguins. fossil penguins also were studied using measurements from 111 skeletal elements representing 18 species. most external ...	1989	32336888
protein and lipid utilization during long-term fasting in emperor penguins.	the body mass of male emperor penguins is approximately 38 kg at the beginning of the 4-mo winter fast connected with breeding, and it is an estimated approximately 18 kg in leanest birds at time of spontaneous refeeding. for a 38- to 18-kg range, we investigated the changes in the rate of body mass loss, body composition, and plasma concentrations of uric acid and urea. after the first few days (phase i) a steady state (phase ii) was reached in the proportions of the energy derived from protein ...	1988	3337270
the use of body mass loss to estimate metabolic rate in fasting sea birds: a critical examination based on emperor penguins (aptenodytes forsteri).	1. the validity of the body mass loss (bml) method to estimate incubation and molting metabolic rate (mr) in sea birds is examined on the basis of data in emperor penguins (aptenodytes forsteri). 2. the bml composition of emperors during mid incubation is revised (61.7% fat, 5.9% protein and 32.4% water; energy equivalent of bml = 25.5 kj/g). 3. using these data in short-term fasting petrels and penguins, or with bml obtained at the beginning or at the end of the fast in long-term fasting specie ...	1988	2901305
[morphologic-functional study of the locomotor system of penguins as a general model of movement in under-water flight. i].	regarding several theories of the evolution of the sphenisciformes the specific morpho-physiological alterations for the changeover from aerial to underwater life are discussed. the peculiarities in the penguin's "construction" become comprehensible as strong adjustments to the subaquatic locomotion. surely they took their origin from the equipment of flying birds. the present data of the kinematics of the underwater locomotion show, that propulsion is produced in the same principal way by the f ...	1986	3803859
[morphologico-functional study of the locomotor system of penguins as a principle of the general motor model of "underwater flight." ii].	based on the statements in part i according to the evolution of the underwater flight, its biophysical consequences and summarizing our knowledge on swimming performances of penguins, the active and passive apparatus of movement was studied by dissection of 26 individuals of pygoscelis papua, p. antarctica, p. adeliae, eudyptes chrysolophus, and aptenodytes forsteri. besides the functional explanation of the articulatio sternocoracoidea (diverging considerably from the usual type in birds), a ne ...	1986	3569810
the endocrine control of reproduction and molt in male and female emperor (aptenodytes forsteri) and adelie (pygoscelis adeliae) penguins. ii. annual changes in plasma levels of thyroxine and triiodothyronine.	changes in plasma thyroxine (t4) and triiodothyronine (t3) levels were studied during a breeding season and in more detail during the postbreeding molt in male and female emperor (aptenodytes forsteri) and adelie (pygoscelis adeliae) penguins under natural conditions in the antarctic. during the 4-month natural fast that accompanies courtship and incubation in male emperors, plasma t4 and t3 levels were maintained around 11 and 0.6 ng/ml, respectively. in courting, fasting female emperors plasma ...	1986	3781233
the endocrine control of reproduction and molt in male and female emperor (aptenodytes forsteri) and adelie (pygoscelis adeliae) penguins. i. annual changes in plasma levels of gonadal steroids and lh.	changes in plasma lh, testosterone, and estrogens were investigated throughout reproduction and molt in free-living male and female emperor (aptenodytes forsteri) and adelie (pygoscelis adeliae) penguins. in both sexes and species, plasma lh and gonadal steroids were severalfold above basal level at the time of arrival on the breeding grounds, suggesting that environmental cues (especially decreasing daylength in emperors) rather than mating and courting primarily stimulate gonadal development a ...	1986	3781216
an electrophysiological and behavioral study of sleep in emperor penguins under natural ambient conditions.	in two pairs of emperor penguins surgically implanted for chronic recordings of eeg, eog and emg, four arousal stages were characterized on the basis of behavioral and electrophysiological criteria: wakefulness (w), drowsiness (d), slow-wave sleep (sws) and paradoxical sleep (ps). the general patterns of electrographic correlates observed for each arousal stage resemble those reported in other birds. sleep patterns were examined with these two pairs placed under natural ambient conditions of lig ...	1986	3786513
glucose and lactate kinetics and interrelations in an antarctic bird (emperor penguin).	the isotope single-injection method was used to investigate the glucose and lactate kinetics and the interrelationships between the glucose and lactate pools in fasting emperor penguins. in these remarkably fast-resistant birds, mean lactate concentration, replacement rate, pool, space, and transit time were 1.5 mmol.1-1,53 mumol.min-1.kg-1, 900 mumol.kg-1, 60% of body mass, and 17 min, respectively. mean glucose concentration, replacement rate, pool, space, and transit time were 20 mmol.1-1, 23 ...	1982	7081471
resting metabolic rate and cost of locomotion in long-term fasting emperor penguins.	during the antarctic winter emperor penguins fast for up to 120 days when breeding at rookeries, which may be as much as 120 km from open water. emperors have lost almost half of their body mass by the time they walk back to the sea to feed. resting metabolic rate and metabolic rate during treadmill walking at 1.4 km times h-1 were measured regularly along the course of 63-118 days of fasting in four emperors that lost between 33 and 55% of their body mass. resting metabolic rate decreased linea ...	1980	7429912
effect of glucagon and insulin on plasma free fatty acids and glucose in the emperor penguin, aptenodytes forsteri.		1977	892412
fatty acid composition of emperor penguin (aptenodytes forsteri) lipids.		1977	830478
[weight loss during the 1st days of fasting in the emperor penguin (aptenodytes forsteri)].	in emperor penguins in their breeding colony a 45% decrease in the daily change in body mass was observed during the two first days of fasting. this decrease amy be attributed to the transition to an economical level of energy expenditure.	1976	826346
[use of energy reserves during the breeding fast of the emperor penguin, aptenodvtes forsteri].	during the breeding fasting of the emperor penguin, the lipid and protein stores are steadily used to meet the metabolic needs; they represent respectively 93 and 7% of the energy production in the animal. the role of the glucid stores are quantitively negligible. loss of tissue water represents 35,3% of body weight loss. increased weight loss below 20 kg a "critical weight", is associated with a conversion to protein catabolism when lipid supplies are exhausted. these results allow the estimati ...	1976	816554
[the energy metabolism of the emperor penguin (aptendodytes patagonica j. f. miller) in ambient natural conditions].	in natural ambient conditions at possession island the resting metabolism of the emancipated king penguin is 50.40 kcal/kg/d. a bird whose insulation is good and which maintains its stomachic temperature at a high level can reduce its heat production by 42% during the long fasting periods which characterize its reproductive cycle, in particular by social and individual thermoregulating behaviour.	1976	816534
energy expenditure for thermoregulation and locomotion in emperor penguins.	during the antarctic winter emperor penguins (aptenodytes forsteri) spend up to four mo fasting while they breed at rookeries 80 km or more from the sea, huddling close together in the cold. this breeding cycle makes exceptional demands on their energy reserves, and we therefore studied their thermoregulation and locomotion. rates of metabolism were measured in five birds (mean body mass, 23.37 kg) at ambient temperatures ranging from 25 to -47 degrees c. between 20 and -10 degrees c the metabol ...	1976	970474
thermoregulation in fasting emperor penguins under natural conditions.	emperor penguins breed during the cold antarctic winter. the males incubate the single egg while fasting for up to 4 mo and losing some 20 kg of their body mass. fasting captive birds under outdoor conditions lost from 0.145 to 0.434 kg day -1. mean resting metabolic rate, 49.06 w for 24.8 kg body mass, is 7 and 27%, respectively, higher than predicted from general metabolic equations for birds. minimal thermal conductance, 1.31 w m-2 degrees c-1, is within the range for other birds. the lower c ...	1976	970475
[the fast of the emperor penguin (aptenodytes patagonica j.f. miller) on the isle of the possession (46 degrees 25' south, 51 degrees 045' east].	during the fast, ponderal decrease and energy expenditure of captive king penguins are minimal for the incubating adults, and maximal for the moulting birds who are producing their new plumage and whose insulation is reduced at that time. whatever their conditions, the slope of the ponderal decrease curve is uniform before reaching a critical zone. on the other hand, it is independent of the seasons for the unemployed birds.	1975	808325
[variation in free amino acid concentration in plasma during the reproductive cycle in the emperor penguin (aptenodytes forsteri)].		1975	1139879
penguin (aptenodytes forsteri) myoglobin. a 70 residue n-terminal sequence.		1973	4763336
penguin hemoglobin (aptenodytes forsteri). a 45 residue n-terminal sequence.		1973	4747605
isolation and characterization of chicken (gallus gallus) and penguin (aptenodytes forsteri) myoglobins.		1972	4654832
the isolation of a psittacosis-lymphogranuloma venereum (pl) agent from an emperor penguin (aptenodytes forster) chick.		1968	5696496
embryology of the emperor penguin (aptenodytes forsteri).		1953	13036899
[paradoxic sexual cycle of aptenodytes forsteri].		1953	13161281