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conventional oral and secondary high dose vaginal metronidazole therapy for recurrent bacterial vaginosis: clinical outcomes, impacts of sex and menses.oral metronidazole therapy is the standard of care for bacterial vaginosis (bv), yet it has alarming rates of recurrence and refractory responses among recurrent bv (rbv) patients. this study addresses whether high dose vaginal metronidazole therapy (hdm) is beneficial in rbv patients who fail after standard of care (soc) therapy, whether diagnostic test scores proximal to the hdm predict clinical outcome, and whether menses, coitus, or race influences therapy outcome.201931413606
host responses to foreign eggs across the avian visual color space.despite extensive research on the sensory and cognitive processes of host rejection of avian brood parasites' eggs, the underlying perceptual and cognitive mechanisms are not sufficiently understood. historically, most studies of host egg discrimination assumed that hosts rejected a parasite's egg from their nest based on the perceived color and pattern differences between the parasite's egg and their own. a recent study used a continuous range of parasitic egg colors and discovered that hosts w ...201931251649
ixodes frontalis: a neglected but ubiquitous tick species in germany.the ornithophilic tick species ixodes frontalis (panzer) is spatially distributed in europe, asia and northern africa. it can serve as a carrier of different bacteria and viruses, but little is known of its actual vector competence. in addition, adult females of this species are associated with the avian "tick-related syndrome" (trs). like most ornithophilic tick species, i. frontalis is usually collected from bird nests or directly from their hosts. reports of i. frontalis being collected with ...201931093856
estimating age-dependent survival from age-aggregated ringing data-extending the use of historical records.bird ring-recovery data have been widely used to estimate demographic parameters such as survival probabilities since the mid-20th century. however, while the total number of birds ringed each year is usually known, historical information on age at ringing is often not available. a standard ring-recovery model, for which information on age at ringing is required, cannot be used when historical data are incomplete. we develop a new model to estimate age-dependent survival probabilities from such ...201930766667
air sac trematodes: morishitium polonicum as a newly identified cause of death in the common blackbird (turdus merula).necropsy of two free-ranging common blackbirds (turdus merula) found dead in central italy revealed the presence of a high number of cyclocoelid flukes in the coelomatic cavity. cyclocoelid flukes primarily infect avian respiratory system. histologically, air sac walls were covered with a fibrinous exudate containing degenerate heterophils, many trematodes and some colonies of gram-positive cocci. the superficial bronchi and parabronchi were markedly distended, and the adjacent pulmonary parench ...201931011529
antimicrobial resistant and extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing escherichia coli in common wild bird species in switzerland.a total of 294 fecal swabs from 294 wild birds in switzerland were cultivated for antimicrobial resistant (amr) escherichia coli. samples were also subcultivated to detect e. coli with extended-spectrum β-lactamases (esbl), carbapenemases, and plasmid-mediated aminoglycoside or colistin resistance, respectively. samples from 17 (5.8%) of the birds contained 19 amr e. coli, whereof 26.3% were multidrug resistant. five (1.7%) esbl-producing e. coli were detected. the isolates harbored blactx-m-1 ( ...201931006991
asymptomatic bacterial vaginosis is associated with depletion of mature superficial cells shed from the vaginal epithelium.previous studies have described bacterial vaginosis (bv) as associated with increased cell-shedding from the cervicovaginal epithelium. cell-shedding in excess of cell-proliferation is thought to decrease epithelial barrier function and increase susceptibility to infection. this study evaluated the number of shed cells in mid-vaginal smears from women with a diagnosis of symptomatic bv (sbv, n = 17), asymptomatic bv (abv, n = 71), or no bv (n = 104) by amsel criteria. the sbv smears contained si ...202032211347
clinical validation of the aptima bacterial vaginosis and aptima candida/trichomonas vaginitis assays: results from a prospective multicenter clinical study.infectious vaginitis due to bacterial vaginosis (bv), vulvovaginal candidiasis (vvc), and trichomonas vaginalis accounts for a significant proportion of all gynecologic visits in the united states. a prospective multicenter clinical study was conducted to validate the performance of two new in vitro diagnostic transcription-mediated amplification nucleic acid amplification tests (naats) for diagnosis of bv, vvc, and trichomoniasis. patient- and clinician-collected vaginal-swab samples obtained f ...202031748322
free-ranging avifauna as a source of generalist parasites for captive birds in zoological settings: an overview of parasite records and potential for cross-transmission.captive birds in zoological settings often harbor parasites, but little information is available about the potential for free-ranging avifauna to act as a source of infection. this review summarizes the gastrointestinal parasites found in zoo birds globally and in seven common free-ranging avian species [mallard (anas platyrhynchos), eurasian blackbird (turdus merula), common starling (sturnus vulgaris), eurasian jackdaw (corvus monedula), house sparrow (passer domesticus), european robin (erith ...202033005675
genomic monitoring to understand the emergence and spread of usutu virus in the netherlands, 2016-2018.usutu virus (usuv) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus circulating in western europe that causes die-offs of mainly common blackbirds (turdus merula). in the netherlands, usuv was first detected in 2016, when it was identified as the likely cause of an outbreak in birds. in this study, dead blackbirds were collected, screened for the presence of usuv and submitted to nanopore-based sequencing. genomic sequences of 112 usuv were obtained and phylogenetic analysis showed that most viruses identified be ...202032071379
haemosporidioses in wild eurasian blackbirds (turdus merula) and song thrushes (t. philomelos): an in situ hybridization study with emphasis on exo-erythrocytic parasite burden.passerine birds are frequently infected with diverse haemosporidian parasites. while infections are traditionally considered benign in wild birds, recent studies demonstrated mortalities of passerine species due to exo-erythrocytic development of the parasites, which can damage organs in affected hosts. however, exo-erythrocytic development remains insufficiently investigated for most haemosporidian species and thus little is known about the virulence of tissue stages in wild passerine birds. th ...202032050970
stopover departure decisions in songbirds: do long-distance migrants depart earlier and more independently of weather conditions than medium-distance migrants?songbirds following distinct migration strategies (e.g. long- vs. short- to medium-distance migrants) often differ in their speed of migration during autumn and, thus, are assumed to face different time constraints. during migration, most songbird species alternate migratory flights with stopover periods. many of them restrict these migratory flights to the night, i.e., they are nocturnal migrants. at stopover, nocturnal migrants need to select a specific night (night-to-night decision) and time ...202032047634
structural and proteomic analyses of vitelline membrane proteins of blackbird (turdus merula) and song thrush (turdus philomelos).in this study, we aimed to perform structural and proteomic analysis of the vitelline membrane (vm) of two species birds belonging to the family turdidae: blackbird (turdus merula) and song thrush (turdus philomelos). we performed structural analyses using scanning electron microscopy. the vm proteins were identified and compared to the best-known chicken vm proteins. according to our results, vm of both species has a typical three-layered structure: the outer layer, inner layer, and the continu ...202033168893
the effect of calendula officinalis versus metronidazole on bacterial vaginosis in women: a double-blind randomized controlled trial.bacterial vaginosis (bv) is a common disorder among women of reproductive age. this study aimed to compare the effect of a calendula officinalis extract-based cream and metronidazole on bv among women of reproductive age. in this study, 80 women of reproductive age with bv were randomly assigned to the c. officinalis (n = 40) or metronidazole (n = 40). diagnosis of bv was confirmed when at least 3 of the 4 amsel criteria were met (ph >4.5, whitish grey or thin homogeneous discharge, release of a ...202029441319
migratory birds as disseminators of ticks and the tick-borne pathogens borrelia bacteria and tick-borne encephalitis (tbe) virus: a seasonal study at ottenby bird observatory in south-eastern sweden.birds can act as reservoirs of tick-borne pathogens and can also disperse pathogen-containing ticks to both nearby and remote localities. the aims of this study were to estimate tick infestation patterns on migratory birds and the prevalence of different borrelia species and tick-borne encephalitis virus (tbev) in ticks removed from birds in south-eastern sweden.202033272317
usutu virus epizootic in belgium in 2017 and 2018: evidence of virus endemization and ongoing introduction events.wildlife surveillance allowed the monitoring of the zoonotic mosquito-borne usutu virus (usuv) in birds and bats (pipistrellus pipistrellus) in southern belgium in 2017 and 2018. usuv-rna was detected in 69 birds (of 253) from 15 species, among which 7 species had not previously been reported to be susceptible to the infection. similarly, 2 bats (of 10) were detected positive by reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction (rt-qpcr). usuv-associated lesions were mainly found in e ...202031479400
presence and diversity of mixed avian plasmodium spp. infections in introduced birds whose distribution overlapped with threatened new zealand endemic birds.aims: to determine the presence of infection and co-infection of plasmodium lineages in introduced birds at translocation sites for the north island saddleback (philesturnus rufusater), to investigate their role as plasmodium spp. reservoirs.methods: blood samples were collected from introduced bird species, with a special focus on blackbirds (turdus merula) and song thrushes (turdus philomelos), at six locations in the north island of new zealand that were the origin, or translocation sites, fo ...202031645214
epidemiology of usutu virus: the european scenario.usutu virus (usuv) is an emerging arbovirus isolated in 1959 (usutu river, swaziland). previously restricted to sub-saharan africa, the virus was introduced in europe in 1996. while the usuv has received little attention in africa, the virus emergence has prompted numerous studies with robust epidemiological surveillance programs in europe. the natural transmission cycle of usuv involves mosquitoes (vectors) and birds (amplifying hosts) with humans and other mammals considered incidental ("dead- ...202032858963
study of usutu virus neuropathogenicity in mice and human cellular models.usutu virus (usuv), an african mosquito-borne flavivirus closely related to west nile virus, was first isolated in south africa in 1959. usuv emerged in europe two decades ago, causing notably massive mortality in eurasian blackbirds. usuv is attracting increasing attention due to its potential for emergence and its rapid spread in europe in recent years. although mainly asymptomatic or responsible for mild clinical signs, usuv was recently described as being associated with neurological disorde ...202032324736
experimental usutu virus infection in domestic canaries serinus canaria.usutu virus (usuv) is a neurotropic flavivirus closely related to west nile virus (wnv). its enzootic cycle mainly involves mosquitoes and birds. human infection can occur with occasional, but sometimes severe, neurological complications. since its emergence and spread in europe over the last two decades, usuv has been linked to significant avian outbreaks, especially among passeriformes, including european blackbirds (turdus merula). strikingly, no in vivo avian model exists so far to study thi ...202032023880
effects of forest structure on the interaction between avian hosts, dipteran vectors and haemosporidian parasites.forest habitats are important biodiversity refuges for a wide variety of bird species. parasitism may modulate host species presence and abundance, and parasite effects can change according to forest management practices. such processes are not well studied in vector-borne avian haemosporidians. we analyzed the effects of forest management on bird-dipteran-haemosporidian interactions, using seven common bird species in managed and unmanaged beech forest habitats in northeastern germany. we assum ...202032814584
getting under the birds' skin: tissue tropism of borrelia burgdorferi s.l. in naturally and experimentally infected avian hosts.wild birds are frequently exposed to the zoonotic tick-borne bacteria borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.), and some bird species act as reservoirs for some borrelia genospecies. studying the tropism of borrelia in the host, how it is sequestered in different organs, and whether it is maintained in circulation and/or in the host's skin is important to understand pathogenicity, infectivity to vector ticks and reservoir competency.we evaluated tissue dissemination of borrelia in blackbirds (turd ...202031612324
treating male partners of women with bacterial vaginosis (stepup): a protocol for a randomised controlled trial to assess the clinical effectiveness of male partner treatment for reducing the risk of bv recurrence.bacterial vaginosis (bv) is estimated to affect 1 in 3 women globally and is associated with obstetric and gynaecological sequelae. current recommended therapies have good short-term efficacy but 1 in 2 women experience bv recurrence within 6 months of treatment. evidence of male carriage of bv-organisms suggests that male partners may be reinfecting women with bv-associated bacteria (henceforth referred to as bv-organisms) and impacting on the efficacy of treatment approaches solely directed to ...202033176727
mitochondrial dna in ixodus ricinus (acari: ixodidae) on birds reflects ticks' transportation routes to lista, norway.ticks are important pathogen vectors, and large mammals and birds have the greatest potential for dispersing them. to study tick dispersal by migrating birds, we have analysed genetic variations in mitochondrial dna control region from ixodes ricinus from northward migrating blackbird, turdus merula, and (european) robin, erithacus rubecula, at the lista bird observatory in southwestern norway. we compared their genetic structure with that of resident tick populations from areas covering their e ...202033130437
physiological stress does not increase with urbanization in european blackbirds: evidence from hormonal, immunological and cellular indicators.urbanization changes the landscape structure and ecological processes of natural habitats. while urban areas expose animal communities to novel challenges, they may also provide more stable environments in which environmental fluctuations are buffered. species´ ecology and physiology may determine their capacity to cope with the city life. however, the physiological mechanisms underlying organismal responses to urbanization, and whether different physiological systems are equally affected by urb ...202032169634
detection of usutu virus infection in wild birds in the united kingdom, 2020.in august 2020, as part of a long-term disease surveillance programme, usutu virus was detected in five eurasian blackbirds (turdus merula) and one house sparrow (passer domesticus) from greater london, england. this was initially detected by reverse transcription-pcr and was confirmed by virus isolation and by immunohistochemical detection of flavivirus in tissues. phylogenetic analysis identified usutu virus african 3.2 lineage, which is prevalent in the netherlands and belgium, suggesting a p ...202033063656
two new species of the genus psorosa zeller, 1846 (lepidoptera: pyralidae, phycitinae) from south kazakhstan.psorosa desaturata sp. nov. and psorosa pseudoelbursella sp. nov. are described from karatau mts. in south kazakhstan. male and female genitalia of the species as well as the habitus of the imagines are illustrated. psorosa desaturata sp. nov. is similar to psorosa nucleolella (möschler, 1866) and psorosa mediterranella amsel, 1954. psorosa pseudoelbursella sp. nov. belongs to the psorosa maraschella caradja, 1910 species group.202033056463
notes on taxonomy and distribution of some palaearctic ancylosis zeller, 1839 (lepidoptera: pyralidae: phycitinae).the taxonomy of several ancylosis species is revised. four new synonyms are established: ancylosis brunneonervella roesler, 1970 syn. nov. of ancylosis albicosta (staudinger, 1870); ancylosis psammicola (roesler, 1970) syn. nov. of ancylosis leucocephala (staudinger, 1879); ancylosis unicolorella (roesler, 1970) syn. nov. of ancylosis pallida (staudinger, 1870). the following taxa are re-instated as separate species: ancylosis delicatella (möschler, 1860) spec. rev., stat. nov. and ancylosis cil ...202033056266
migrant blackbirds, turdus merula, have higher plasma levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids compared to residents, but not enhanced fatty acid unsaturation index.birds have been observed to have dietary preferences for unsaturated fatty acids during migration. polyunsaturated fatty acids (pufas) may increase the exercise performance of migrant birds; however, pufas are also peroxidation prone and might therefore incur increased costs in terms of enhanced oxidative damage in migratory individuals. to shed light on this potential constraint, we analyzed plasma fatty acid (fa) composition and estimated the unsaturation index as a proxy for susceptibility to ...202033005375
physician awareness and adherence to clinical practice guidelines in the diagnosis of vaginitis patients: a retrospective chart review.vaginitis is one of the main causes of primary care and gynecological visits in the united states. the most common infectious causes are bacterial vaginosis (bv), vulvovaginal candidiasis (vvc), and trichomoniasis. a physician survey was conducted to measure awareness of vaginitis clinical guidelines and availability of in-office point-of-care (poc) diagnostic tools. participants were asked to perform a chart review to evaluate diagnostic practices for their symptomatic vaginitis patients. a tot ...202032985960
the effect of quercus (oak gal) vaginal cream versus metronidazole vaginal gel on bacterial vaginosis: a double‑blind randomized controlled trial.this study was aimed to compare the effect of an oak gall extract‑based cream and a metronidazole gel on the bacterial vaginosis among women in reproductive age.202032951746
maternal effects and urbanization: variation of yolk androgens and immunoglobulin in city and forest blackbirds.wildlife inhabiting urban environments exhibit drastic changes in morphology, physiology, and behavior. it has often been argued that these phenotypic responses could be the result of micro-evolutionary changes following the urbanization process. however, other mechanisms such as phenotypic plasticity, maternal effects, and developmental plasticity could be involved as well. to address maternal effects as potential mechanisms, we compared maternal hormone and antibody concentrations in eggs betw ...202032128150
evaluation of vulvovaginitis and hygiene habits of women attended in primary health care units of the family.this study aims to investigate the occurrence of vulvovaginal infections, to describe and to relate the hygiene habits of women who were treated at the units of primary attention to family health in a municipality in the interior of brazil.202032099484
oral intake of lactobacilli can be helpful in symptomatic bacterial vaginosis: a randomized clinical study.the aim of the study was to explore a role of oral intake of a mixture of 3 lactobacillus species in recurrence of bacterial vaginosis (bv).202032091443
impact of microablative fractional radiofrequency on the vaginal health, microbiota, and cellularity of postmenopausal women.we aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of microablative fractional radiofrequency (mafrf) in the non-hormonal treatment of genitourinary syndrome of menopause.202032756817
local population structure and seasonal variability of borrelia garinii genotypes in ixodes ricinus ticks, slovakia.lyme disease (ld) is the most common tick-borne human disease in europe, and borrelia garinii, which is associated with avian reservoirs, is one of the most genetically diverse and widespread human pathogenic genospecies from the b. burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.) complex. the clinical manifestations of ld are known to vary between regions and depend on the genetic strain even within borrelia genospecies. it is thus of importance to explore the genetic diversity of such pathogenic borreliae for th ...202032455590
effects on vaginal microbiota restoration and cervical epithelialization in positive hpv patients undergoing vaginal treatment with carboxy-methyl-beta-glucan.evaluate the effects of carboxy-methyl-beta-glucan on cervical epithelialization and on the vaginal microbiota in patients with hpv infection or low-grade cervical preneoplastic lesion (cin 1).202032420349
five percent monolaurin vaginal gel for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis: a randomized placebo-controlled trial.the aim of the study was to test the hypothesis that 5% monolaurin vaginal gel, a naturally occurring monoglyceride shown to have antimicrobial effects on vaginal pathogens without affecting lactobacillus species, cures bacterial vaginosis (bv).202032379102
review of the tribe anerastiini (lepidoptera: pyralidae: phycitinae) from ukraine.five species of the tribe anerastiini from ukraine are reviewed. coenochroa ablutella (zeller, 1839) is reported from ukraine for the first time. hypsotropa limbella zeller, 1848 is removed from the list of pyralidae of ukraine as it was based on a misidentification. five new synonyms are established: hafisia amsel, 1950 syn. nov. of zophodiodes ragonot, 1887; hafisia lundbladi amsel, 1950 syn. nov. of zophodiodes leucocostella ragonot, 1887; anerastia korbi caradja, 1910 syn. nov. of coenochroa ...202032230037
association of risk factors with spontaneous preterm labour with intact foetal membranes.spontaneous preterm labour refers to the onset of uterine contractions of sufficient strength and frequency to effect progressive dilatation between 24 and 37 weeks of gestation. the objective of the study was to determine an association between risk factors and spontaneous preterm labour with intact foetal membranes.202031933306
responses of new zealand forest birds to management of introduced mammals.over the past 1000 years new zealand has lost 40-50% of its bird species, and over half of these extinctions are attributable to predation by introduced mammals. populations of many extant forest bird species continue to be depredated by mammals, especially rats, possums, and mustelids. the management history of new zealand's forests over the past 50 years presents a unique opportunity because a varied program of mammalian predator control has created a replicated management experiment. we condu ...202031893568
elevated risk of bacterial vaginosis among users of the copper intrauterine device: a prospective longitudinal cohort study.limited evidence suggests that the nonhormonal contraceptive copper intrauterine device (cu-iud) may increase bacterial vaginosis (bv) risk, possibly due to increased volume and duration of menses, a common side effect of cu-iud use. although increases in bleeding typically resolve within 6-12 months following initiation, evaluations of the association between cu-iud and bv have not included more than 6 months of follow-up.202132505132
a bacterially-expressed recombinant envelope protein from usutu virus induces neutralizing antibodies in rabbits.recently, an emerging flavivirus, usutu virus (usuv), has caused an epidemic among birds in europe, resulting in a massive die-off in eurasian blackbirds. currently found only in europe and africa, it can be envisioned that usutu virus will follow the path of other flaviviruses, like west nile virus and zika virus, and will spread via its mosquito vectors and bird hosts to other parts of the world. several cases of human infections by usutu virus have already been published. anticipating this sp ...202133669414
a sentinel serological study in selected zoo animals to assess early detection of west nile and usutu virus circulation in slovenia.monitoring infectious diseases is a crucial part of preventive veterinary medicine in zoological collections. this zoo environment contains a great variety of animal species that are in contact with wildlife species as a potential source of infectious diseases. wild birds may be a source of west nile virus (wnv) and usutu (usuv) virus, which are both emerging pathogens of rising concern. the aim of this study was to use zoo animals as sentinels for the early detection of wnv and usuv in slovenia ...202133917545
west nile and usutu viruses' surveillance in birds of the province of ferrara, italy, from 2015 to 2019.west nile (wnv) and usutu (usuv) viruses are mosquito-borne flaviviruses. thanks to their importance as zoonotic diseases, a regional plan for surveillance of arboviruses was implemented in emilia-romagna in 2009. the province of ferrara belongs to the emilia-romagna region, and it is an endemic territory for these viruses, with favorable ecological conditions for abundance of mosquitoes and wild birds. from 2015 to 2019, we collected 1842 dead-found birds at a wildlife rehabilitation center, wh ...202134372573
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