Publications

[right heart function and endotoxemia in animals].	we used a chronic instrumented ovine model to investigate right heart function following an endotoxin bolus. primary aim of the experiments was to elucidate the influence of the right heart on the cardiopulmonary system. furthermore, we tried a thromboxane synthetase inhibitor as a therapeutical approach. at least we investigated the ir-anf release, as the endocrinal function of the right heart, in this model. following the endotoxin administration we observed a massive increase of the pulmonary ...	1991	1833887
left ventricular hypertrophy: dissociation of structural and functional effects by therapy.	the heart is one of the major target organs that becomes secondarily involved with the unrelenting and progressive vascular disease of essential hypertension. as a result of this increasing afterload that is imposed upon the left ventricle, the ventricular chamber adapts structurally and functionally. structural changes involve an increase in muscle mass that is achieved through left ventricular hypertrophy (in a manner similar to the arteriolar changes demonstrated by increased thickening). unl ...	1991	1839347
responses of slowly and rapidly adapting receptors in the airways of rabbits to changes in the starling forces.	1. the responses of the rapidly adapting receptors (rars) and the slowly adapting receptors (sars) of the airways to changes in the starling forces regulating fluid exchange in the pulmonary extravascular space were investigated in anaesthetized rabbits. the hydrostatic pressure in the pulmonary microvasculature was raised by partial obstruction of the mitral valve (mean left atrial pressure increased by approximately 5 and 10 mmhg above the control values) and the concentration of plasma protei ...	1991	1886073
in utero ventilation augments the left ventricular response to isoproterenol and volume loading in fetal sheep.	in its normal circulatory environment, the fetal left ventricle can maximally increase output less than 2-fold, in contrast to the nearly 3-fold increase that occurs at birth. several studies have attributed this finding to fetal myocardial "immaturity," and speculated that there is a rapid maturation of the myocardium in the perinatal period. we investigated the importance of the circulatory environment itself, rather than myocardial immaturity, by measuring left ventricular output (lvo) during ...	1991	1896250
comparative studies of the covalent binding of [14c]-2-chloro-4-acetotoluidide by liver and kidney slices of the starling.	in tissue slices of female starlings, binding of [14c]-2-chloro-4-acetotoluidide (cat) radioactivity to liver proteins was almost five times greater than binding to kidney proteins after 2 h of incubation. binding to protein of liver slices increased in a log linear fashion with increasing cat concentrations. binding to protein of kidney slices also increased with increasing concentrations but not in a log linear fashion. mixed-function oxidase inhibitors, skf 525-a and alpha-naphthoflavone, dec ...	1991	1918797
characterization of covalent binding of [14c]-2-chloro-4-acetotoluidide to microsomes of starling liver and kidney.	in this study, we have characterized the covalent binding of [14c]-2-chloro-4-acetotoluidide (cat) radioactivity to microsomes of starling liver and kidney. the maximal velocity (vmax) of covalent binding and apparent michaelis constant (km) for both tissues were similar. the vmax for liver and kidney were 52.8 and 68.9 pmol/min/mg protein, and the apparent kms were 0.54 and 0.87 mm, respectively. the covalent binding of radioactivity to heat-denatured microsomes of liver and kidney was reduced ...	1991	1941900
why do distress calls evoke interspecific responses? an experimental study applied to some species of birds.	distress calls of birds are well-known to elicit interspecific responses when they are broadcast to different species. we suggest that the interspecificity phenomenon results from the use of similar laws of decoding by all species. to support this hypothesis, we broadcast a simplified synthetic call to five species of birds (larus argentatus, l. ridibundus, vanellus vanellus, corvus frugilegus and sturnus vulgaris). this synthetic call was built by keeping all the parameters involved in the proc ...	1991	24897723
effects of plagiorhynchus cylindraceus (acanthocephala) on the energy metabolism of adult starlings, sturnus vulgaris.	although the relationship between intestinal parasitism, the ingestion and use of energy, and host survival is expected, little work has been done to outline the effect of such organisms upon their host's nutritional requirements in an ecological context. this study is the first to demonstrate that an intestinal helminth previously reported to be of little or no histopathological consequence, plagiorhynchus cylindraceus, has a significant detrimental impact upon the flow of food energy through a ...	1991	1780177
investigation of the aetiology of haemosiderosis in the starling (sturnus vulgaris).	birds with haemosiderosis absorbed up to 10% of an orally administered test dose of radioactive iron, even when the hepatic iron concentrations were markedly increased. in contrast, rats which were orally loaded with iron to produce a comparable hepatic iron concentration absorbed only ' about 1% of administered (59)fe. it is concluded that the absorption of iron at the intestinal mucosa in avian species is not as tightly regulated as that in some mammals.	1991	18680017
taxon-specific differences in responsiveness to capsaicin and several analogues: correlates between chemical structure and behavioral aversiveness.	the present set of experiments was designed to explore avian insensitivity to capsaicin. based upon a molecular model of avian chemosensory repellency, we hypothesized that structural modifications of the basic capsaicin molecule, which is itself not aversive to birds, might produce aversive analogues. to this end, european starlings (sturnus vulgaris) and norway rats (rattus norvegicus) were given varied concentrations of synthetic capsaicin and four analogues (methyl capsaicin, veratryl amine, ...	1991	24258646
chemical repellency in birds: relationship between chemical structure and avoidance response.	we examined how molecular structure of 24 anthranilate and benzoic acid derivatives correlated with drinking behavior in european starlings sturnus vulgaris. the effectiveness of bird repellents was associated with basicity, the presence of an electron-donating group in resonance with an electron-withdrawing carboxylic group on a phenyl ring, and a heterocyclic ring in the same pi cloud plane as the phenyl ring. of the benzoic acid derivatives tested in this study, methyl, ethyl, dimethyl, and l ...	1991	1744613
role of avian trigeminal sensory system in detecting coniferyl benzoate, a plant allelochemical.	coniferyl benzoate, a secondary metabolite found in quaking aspen (populus tremuloides) and other plants, is an avian feeding deterrent of ecological and potential commercial importance. this study was conducted to determine if coniferyl benzoate is a trigeminal stimulant for birds and to ascertain if trigeminal chemoreception of coniferyl benzoate can mediate avian feeding behavior. five european starlings (sturnus vulgaris) with bilateral nerve cuts (ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve) ...	1991	24258600
effect of daylength on the rate of recovery of photosensitivity in male starlings (sturnus vulgaris).	four groups of castrated photorefractory starlings were transferred from a photoperiod of 18 h light/day (18 l) to photoperiods of 6 l, 8 l, 11 l or 12 l. a control group was kept on 18 l. plasma concentrations of luteinizing hormone (lh) were low in all groups initially. the first significant increase in lh, which signals the recovery of photosensitivity, occurred after 4 weeks in the groups on 6 l and 8 l, after 8 weeks in the 11 l group and after 13 weeks in the 12 l group. there was no incre ...	1991	1787473
ectoparasitism and the role of green nesting material in the european starling.	the use of green nesting material is widespred among birds. recent evidence suggests that birds use secondary chemicals contained in green plants to control ectoparasites. we manipulated green nesting material and ectoparasites of european starlings (sturnus vulgaris) to test two hypotheses: (1) ectoparasites adversely affect prefledging survival and morphometrics or postfledging survival, and (2) green nesting material ameliorates the effects of ectoparasites. we recorded fat score, numbers of ...	1991	28312727
thyroxine treatment induces changes in hypothalamic gonadotrophin-releasing hormone characteristic of photorefractoriness in starlings (sturnus vulgaris).	photosensitive intact male starlings were transferred from short days (8l:16d) to 11l:13d for 16 weeks, and were therefore sexually mature. experimental groups were (i) held under 11l:13d and given exogenous thyroxine dissolved in the drinking water for 6 weeks or (ii) given thyroxine for 6 weeks and then transferred from 11l:13d to long days (18l:6d) for a further 6 weeks, while control groups were transferred to long days (18l:6d) either (iii) for 6 or (iv) for 12 weeks, or were (v) maintained ...	1991	1874391
temporal modulation transfer functions in the european starling (sturnus vulgaris): i. psychophysical modulation detection thresholds.	temporal modulation transfer functions (tmtf) were obtained from four european starlings (sturnus vulgaris) using a psychophysical go/nogo procedure combined with the method of constant stimuli. the tmtf for a continuous, broad-band noise of 55 db spl had a low-pass characteristic with a cut-off frequency of 123 hz. for an 800 ms gated stimulus of the same sound-pressure level, the tmtf had the shape of a band-pass filter with the most sensitive modulation frequency at around 20 hz. at 75 db the ...	1991	2061200
carbonic anhydrase activity in kidney and lower intestine of the european starling.	a histochemical investigation of kidney and lower intestine of the european starling (sturnus vulgaris) shows no carbonic anhydrase activity in proximal convoluted tubules, although activity is seen in similarly prepared sections of rat proximal tubules. early distal tubule cells in the starling are stained throughout the cytoplasm and at the apical and highly infolded basolateral membranes. late distal tubules lose apical activity and have reduced basolateral infolding, resulting in less intens ...	1991	29865517
the functional anatomy of the shoulder in the european starling (sturnus vulgaris).	the excursions of wing elements and the activity of eleven shoulder muscles were studied by cineradiography and electromyography in european starlings (sturnus vulgaris) flying in a wind tunnel at speeds of 9-20 m s-1 . at the beginning of downstroke the humerus is elevated 80-90° above horizontal, and both elbow and wrist are extended to 90° or less. during downstroke, protraction of the humerus (55°) remains constant; elbow and wrist are maximally extended (120° and 160°, respectively) as the ...	1991	29865507
the metabolic output of avian (sturnus vulgaris, calidris alpina) adipose tissue liver and skeletal muscle: implications for bmr/body mass relationships.	1. the oxygen uptake rate of avian adipose tissue, liver and skeletal muscle slices were measured. 2. the energy consumption of fat was less than one tenth that of liver and muscle. 3. thus, interspecific allometric equations for the prediction of basal metabolic rate from body mass will not be accurate throughout the avian annual cycle unless changes in body composition are taken into account.	1992	1359954
comparative response of nestling european starlings and red-winged blackbirds to an oral administration of either dimethoate or chlorpyrifos.	red-winged blackbird (agelaius phoeniceus; blackbird) and european starling (sturnus vulgaris; starling) nestlings were dosed with either 2.0 mg/kg body mass chlorpyrifos, 50.0 mg/kg body mass dimethoate, or a propylene glycol carrier in situ. four growth measurements (body mass, culmen, tarsus, wing) were recorded from nestlings to determine if these organophosphorus compounds caused perturbations in development at sublethal concentrations. blackbird nestlings were more sensitive to chlorpyrifo ...	1992	1380993
the effect of pinealectomy on circadian plasma melatonin levels in house sparrows and european starlings.	we determined 24-hr plasma melatonin profiles in intact, sham-pinealectomized, and pinealectomized european starlings (sturnus vulgaris) and house sparrows (passer domesticus) in a light-dark (ld) cycle and in constant darkness (dd). in the intact and sham-pinealectomized birds of both species, a melatonin rhythm was found, with low levels during the day and high levels during the night. pinealectomy abolished the nighttime peak of melatonin in both species; hence, levels were low at all times s ...	1992	1286201
cytoarchitectonic organization and morphology of cells of the field l complex in male zebra finches (taenopygia guttata).	the organization of the field l complex, a thalamorecipient auditory region in the telencephalon of birds, was examined in nissl and golgi preparations of male zebra finches (taenopygia guttata). the field l complex comprises five cytoarchitectonic subdivisions: l1, l2a, l2b, l3, and l, although the border between l and l2b is not distinct. l2a is a plate extending dorsocaudally from the dorsal medullary lamina in the caudal neostriatum. l1 lies on the anterodorsal border and l3 lies on the post ...	1992	1447407
frequency discrimination in the european starling (sturnus vulgaris): a comparison of different measures.	frequency-difference limens (dl) were determined in a songbird, the european starling (sturnus vulgaris), for stimuli differing in the type of frequency change. four different types of frequency change were studied: an increase in frequency between pulsed tones (type fsu), a single sinusoidal sweep upward (type ssu) starting in the center of an 800 ms signal, an asymmetrical periodic sinusoidal frequency modulation that extended only above the reference frequency (type asfm), and a symmetrical p ...	1992	1464574
the identification of sex in the starling sturnus vulgaris using a molecular dna technique.	female birds can be identified through the presence of a w-chromosome. we describe a procedure for amplifying a w-linked dna marker in the starling (sturnus vulgaris) by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) so allowing the diagnosis of sex in this species. the technique is sensitive, allowing even the smallest chicks to be sexed from a blood sample. the method possesses a positive internal control to ensure accuracy. it is also applicable to the spotless starling (s. unicolor) but not to two bird ...	1992	1344995
avian repellency of coniferyl and cinnamyl derivatives.	phenylpropanoids, a class of common phenolic compounds in plants, may potentially be useful as pest repellents. we investigated the relationship between the chemical structure of coniferyl benzoate and its repellency to birds by comparing coniferyl benzoate to two analogous natural esters, corresponding alcohols, and benzoic acid. the absolute and relative feeding repellency of these compounds were assessed in choice (two-cup) and no-choice (one-cup) tests using european starlings (sturnus vulga ...	1992	27759204
azimuthal sound localization in the european starling (sturnus vulgaris): i. physical binaural cues.	the physical measurements reported here test whether the european starling (sturnus vulgaris) evaluates the azimuth direction of a sound source with a peripheral auditory system composed of two acoustically coupled pressure-difference receivers (1) or of two decoupled pressure receivers (2). a directional pattern of sound intensity in the free-field was measured at the entrance of the auditory meatus using a probe microphone, and at the tympanum using laser vibrometry. the maximum differences in ...	1992	1583608
setting complex tasks to single units in the avian auditory forebrain. i: processing of complex artificial stimuli.	in the auditory forebrain (field l) of the european starling (sturnus vulgaris), single unit responses were recorded for a wide range of complex stimuli, comprising different forms of amplitude and frequency modulation. about two-third of the units locked to sinusoidal modulation regardless of whether frequency (sfm) or amplitude (sam) was modulated. on average, however, frequency led to stronger synchronization. both the proportion of phase locking and its mean strength showed a low-pass depend ...	1992	1733914
acute lowering of plasma oncotic pressure increases filtration fraction and sodium excretion in conscious sheep.	we examined the effect of acutely lowering the colloid osmotic pressure by removing plasma (36.2 +/- 3.1 ml/kg) and replacing it with hartmann's solution (93.0 +/- 8.2 ml/kg) in 6 conscious merino sheep. the colloid osmotic pressure was reduced significantly (p < 0.05) from 20.3 +/- 0.9 to 8.5 +/- 2.5 mm hg 0 h after plasmapheresis and to 15.2 +/- 0.8 mm hg 20 h after treatment. the filtration fraction increased from 0.16 +/- 0.02 to 0.27 +/- 0.02 at 0 h (p < 0.05 vs. control) and to 0.20 +/- 0. ...	1992	1282727
influence of hypertonic-hyperoncotic solution and furosemide on canine hydrostatic pulmonary oedema resorption.	1. this study aimed at enhancing the clearance of experimental hydrostatic pulmonary oedema in dogs using hypertonic-hyperoncotic solution (hhs) and furosemide. 2. anaesthetized dogs (n = 20) were mechanically ventilated with a positive end-expiratory pressure of 10 cmh2o (1.0 kpa). 3. hydrostatic pulmonary oedema was induced by inflating a balloon inserted into the left atrium and simultaneously infusing isotonic saline rapidly. oedema formation was terminated by deflating the balloon and reduc ...	1992	1302272
lymphatic versus nonlymphatic fluid absorption from the peritoneal cavity as related to the peritoneal ultrafiltration capacity and sieving properties.	in this article we discuss the role of capillary fluid absorption via starling mechanisms (the transcapillary hydrostatic pressure gradient opposed by the colloid osmotic pressure gradient as multiplied by the capillary uf coefficient) vs. lymphatic fluid absorption as determinants of the total fluid loss from the peritoneal cavity during continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (capd). we also mention that, under nonsteady state conditions, there is in addition some net absorption of fluid int ...	1992	1308683
[influence of transient and sustained increase of blood pressure on the 1st temporal derivative of the ventricular pressure].	to analyze the influence of transient and sustained elevations of arterial pressure (ap) on the rate of rise of the left ventricular pressure (dp/dt).	1992	1340722
effect of dexmedetomidine, an alpha 2-adrenergic agonist, in the isolated heart.	dexmedetomidine (dm) was studied in the isolated dog heart in the form of a starling heart-lung preparation, (hlp). hearts were subjected to increased loading by (a) increasing cardiac output, and (b) increasing systemic resistance. results are depicted by cardiac function curves, prepared by plotting left atrial pressure against either systemic cardiac output or mean arterial pressure. dm, given in divided doses up to 44 micrograms, had no effect on heart rate or cardiac function, nor did injec ...	1992	1353991
effect of afterload and beta-adrenergic blockade on nonischemic myocardial contraction pattern.	we studied how changes in afterload affect regional contraction in the anterior wall of the left ventricular after circumflex coronary arterial (cfx) occlusion and subsequent beta-adrenergic blockade in pentobarbital sodium-anesthetized cats. regional function was determined by orthogonal sonomicrometry. cfx occlusion produced nonuniform hyperkinesis in the nonischemic anterior wall; shortening of circumferential segments increased from 10.1 to 14.1% (p < 0.001), whereas shortening of longitudin ...	1992	1362331
responses of isolated rabbit thoracic aortae to endothelin-1 and several vasoactive substances. a new blood perfusion circuit under the controlled conditions of resistance and flow.	analysis of the reactivity of isolated rabbit thoracic aorta to isoproterenol and norepinephrine injected into a blood perfusion circuit intraarterially (i.a.) under controlled conditions of resistance and flow using conscious support rabbits revealed that with pressure loads of 10-20 mmhg for a vessel-holding chamber and 60 mmhg for a starling pneumatic resistance set, a suitable vasodilation or vasoconstriction can be obtained. this leads us to assume that the system could be used to assess th ...	1992	1392057
perception of cliff swallow calls by birds (hirundo pyrrhonota and sturnus vulgaris) and humans (homo sapiens).	we tested for species differences in the perception of the cliff swallow chick begging call. one cliff swallow (hirundo pyrrhonota), 3 european starling (sturnus vulgaris), and 3 human (homo sapiens) subjects were trained on go-no-go or repeating background tasks to discriminate between all possible stimulus pairs, measured by percentage of correct response and latency. we used multidimensional scaling to convert the similarity measures into a 2-dimensional map for each subject. most of the maps ...	1992	1395493
the emergence of endocrinology.	endocrinology was recognized as a new branch of biological science mainly as a result of events which took place between about 1890 and 1905, but ideas and discoveries dating from antiquity contributed to it also. experiments supporting the concept of internal secretions by the testicles were described by aristotle (4th c. b.c.) and by hunter (18th c.) and berthold (19th c.). in 1855 bernard described glucose as an internal secretion of the liver and addison reported the effects of adrenal disea ...	1992	1398153
a simple distensible vessel model for interpreting pulmonary vascular pressure-flow curves.	a simple distensible vessel model was developed for the purpose of interpreting the vascular pressure-flow curve in the zone 3 lung. the model-governing equation has two parameters: r0, representing the hemodynamic resistance of the undistended pulmonary vascular bed, and alpha, representing the distensibility of the resistance vessels. to evaluate the model, the governing equation was used in a nonlinear regression analysis of the pressure-flow data from isolated dog lung lobes. the dependency ...	1992	1400067
changes in pericardial pressure during the perinatal period.	to determine how the tissues that surround the heart affect diastolic and systolic function during the perinatal period, we studied the pressure-diameter relation of the left ventricle in partially delivered fetal lambs.	1992	1423972
mechanical determinants of myocardial oxygen consumption with special reference to external work and efficiency.	the aim of the study was to investigate the ambiguous effect of left ventricular afterload on myocardial work, oxygen consumption, and efficiency.	1992	1451165
diastolic vibration improves systolic function in cases of incomplete relaxation.	incomplete relaxation of the left ventricle (lv) affects lv filling, but the subsequent effect on lv systolic function remains unclear. we attempted to improve relaxation by applying oscillatory mechanical perturbation during diastole (diastolic vibration) and examined the extent to which systolic function improved.	1992	1451267
functional significance of the frank-starling mechanism under physiological and pathophysiological conditions.	the functional significance of the frank-starling mechanism under physiological and pathophysiological conditions is discussed, based mainly on animal experiment results (in the dog, pig and rat). the dependence of individual stroke volume on end-diastolic volume can be described adequately using frank's diagram. this can be illustrated by varying filling pressure (respiratory cycle, vascular tone in the capacitance system, body position, circulating blood volume) and by alterations in the durat ...	1992	1478214
heart size and maximal cardiac output are limited by the pericardium.	we tested the hypothesis that the pericardium, by restricting heart size, limits maximal cardiac output and oxygen consumption. we studied 15 pigs. five underwent maximal treadmill running before and 14-21 days after thoracotomy and pericardiectomy; these pigs also received sequential volume infusions to determine end-diastolic pressure-dimension relationships. five underwent maximal treadmill running before and 14-21 days after thoracotomy (pericardium undisturbed) to determine the effect of th ...	1992	1481894
anion manipulation: a new antiarrhythmic approach. action of substitution of chloride with nitrate on ischemia- and reperfusion-induced ventricular fibrillation and contractile function.	the role of anions in the initiation of ischemia- and reperfusion-induced arrhythmias is unknown. we examined the antiarrhythmic effects of isotonic substitution of extracellular cl- with no3- by using the rat langendorff preparation (n = 12 per group). during 30 minutes of regional ischemia, the incidence of ventricular fibrillation (vf) was reduced from 50% in hearts perfused with control solution (containing a cl-:no3- ratio of 100:0) to 25%, 0% (p less than 0.05), 0% (p less than 0.05), and ...	1992	1551189
auditory perception of conspecific and heterospecific vocalizations in birds: evidence for special processes.	budgerigars (melopsittacus undulatus), canaries (serinus canaria), and zebra finches (poephila guttata castanotis) were tested for their ability to discriminate among distance calls of each species. for comparison, starlings (sturnus vulgaris) were tested on the same sounds. response latencies to detect a change in a repeating background of sound were taken as a measure of the perceptual similarity among calls. all 4 species showed clear evidence of 3 perceptual categories corresponding to the c ...	1992	1555398
ischemia-induced depressed systolic thickening is transiently augmented by remote coronary occlusion.	to determine if ischemia-induced depressed myocardial thickening can be augmented by remote coronary occlusion, posterior wall function (pulsed doppler crystal) was measured before and after left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion in the presence of reduced circumflex coronary artery flow (of sufficient severity to reduce resting function) in an anesthetized open-chest canine preparation in which the circumflex was pump-perfused with carotid arterial blood. left anterior descending co ...	1992	1571984
estimation of total body fluid shifts between plasma and interstitium in man during extracorporeal circulation.	fluid transport between plasma and interstitium during extracorporeal circulation was studied in seven patients undergoing aortocoronary bypass grafting. the absolute shifts in plasma volume during hypothermia were determined as the difference between input and loss of fluid and the changes in blood volume. the change in haemoglobin concentration due to acute haemodilution when starting extracorporeal circulation was used to calculate the absolute blood and plasma volume. the starling equation f ...	1992	1574974
pressure-flow relationships of the pulmonary circulation during endotoxin infusion in intact dogs.	we aimed to characterize the effects of an endotoxin insult (escherichia coli 0127:b8) on the relationships between pulmonary vascular pressure and flow in intact dogs. to achieve this goal, multipoint plots of total pressure gradient, arterial pressure gradient, and venous pressure gradient vs. flow were generated by graded inflation of a right atrial balloon, which was used to vary flow. the partitioning of the total pressure decrease across the pulmonary vasculature (total pressure gradient = ...	1992	1617970
single perturbed beat vs. steady-state beats for assessing systolic function in the isolated heart.	single-beat and steady-state techniques for evaluating end-systolic pressure-volume relationship (espvr) and frank-starling mechanism (fsm) in the crystalloid-perfused isolated rabbit heart were compared. in the single-beat technique, a train of stable isovolumic beats was interrupted with a single perturbed beat that either ejected against various levels of imposed isobaric load (espvr protocol) or beat isovolumically against various levels of end-diastolic volume (v(ed); fsm protocol). in stea ...	1992	1621824
responses of the cardiac transplant patient to exercise and training.	total denervation persists in the human heart following cardiac transplantation. at rest, there is some increase of heart rate and blood pressure. with a low normal cardiac output. the donor heart remains capable of a satisfactory acute response to exercise, based upon an increase of venous return (acting through the frank-starling mechanism) and slower chronotropic and inotropic responses to circulating catecholamines. during submaximal exercise, the stroke volume is greater than normal, but th ...	1992	1623890
regional contractile performance during acute ischemia in porcine right ventricle.	studies of regional ischemia in the canine left ventricle (lv) have shown augmented systolic segmental shortening in nonischemic regions. to characterize these responses in the right ventricle (rv), acute occlusions of the right coronary artery (rcao) were produced in anesthetized pigs. orthogonal pairs of ultrasonic segment-length crystals were implanted in the mid-rv free wall (ischemic region) and in the outflow tract (nonischemic region). rv pressure-area work loops were generated during inf ...	1992	1636753
an evaluation of pulsus alternans in closed-chest dogs.	pulsus alternans is a condition in which the arterial pressure generated by the heart oscillates between two levels on a beat-to-beat basis. we evaluated the onset of pulsus alternans in chronically instrumented dogs subjected to tachycardia and inferior vena caval occlusion. during pulsus alternans, the left ventricular (lv) end-diastolic volume (edv) was larger before the strong beats (28.7 +/- 5.3 vs. 25.9 +/- 4.5 ml, p less than 0.001 by paired t test), suggesting that the frank-starling mec ...	1992	1733317
fetal atrioventricular and outflow tract flow velocity waveforms during conducted and blocked supraventricular extrasystoles.	maximum flow velocity waveforms at atrioventricular and outflow tract level were studied cross-sectionally in 19 human fetuses with conducted and/or blocked supraventricular extrasystoles ranging from 25 to 38 weeks of gestation. at outflow tract level, peak systolic velocity and acceleration time for extrasystolic and post-extrasystolic beats were compared with those for the immediately preceding normal beat. regression lines were calculated for peak systolic velocities with filling time. at at ...	1992	12796970
isolation of the physiological regulation component of the arterial pressure time variation after postural stresses in by a model of the gravitational and arterial kinking effects.	prompt active postural manoeuvres induce an immediate arterial pressure variation followed by a period of regulation. for the squatting manoeuvre, initial hypertension was explained by a rise of cardiac filling pressure due to "squeezing blood out of the veins of the legs", leading to an increase in stroke output by frank-starling mechanism. for a minor part, it was also explained by "kinking" of the femoral arteries. o'donnel and mc ilroy observed an increase in central blood volume and acce ...	1993	11538520
effect of changes in aortic pressure and in coronary arterial pressure on left ventricular geometry and function anrep vs. gardenhose effect.	sudden increases in aortic pressure (aop, mm hg) are associated with increases in left ventricular (lv) function which persist even after diastolic volume has returned to its initial value (anrep effect). likewise, increases in coronary arterial pressure (cap, mm hg) are associated with improved lv function (gardenhouse effect). in situ, increases in aop are paralleled by increases in both cap and coronary blood flow, i.e., oxygen supply. we investigated the individual contributions of aop and c ...	1993	8147826
effect of extravascular plasma protein on pressure-flow relations across synovium in anaesthetized rabbits.	1. the effect of extravascular plasma protein on fluid flux through interstitial matrix was investigated in vivo by studying the pressure-flow relation across synovium during intra-articular infusions of protein solutions (usually bovine serum albumin). synovium is a sheet of non-epithelial cells separated by interstitium-filled gaps, beneath which are fenestrated capillaries: synovium regulates synovial fluid volume and composition. 2. albumin solutions (10-150 g l-1) of measured oncotic pressu ...	1993	8229849
exhaustion of frank-starling mechanism in conscious dogs with heart failure.	the goal of this study was to elucidate the ability of the left ventricle to accommodate an increase in preload (frank-starling mechanism) in the presence of congestive heart failure (chf) but in the absence of the complicating effects of hypertrophy and fibrosis. to accomplish this, the effects of volume loading were examined in eight conscious dogs during the control state and after 3 wk of right ventricular pacing (240 beats/min). chf increased heart rate (by 16 +/- 5 from 92 +/- 5 beats/min) ...	1993	8238398
[ventricular function in animals undergoing renal mass ablation. effect of blood pressure control].	the causes of left ventricular hypertrophy (lvh) in chronic renal failure are multifactorial. the tail arterial pressure, heart weight, maximum developed pressure and pressure-volume relationship in animals with 5/6 nephrectomy (crf, n = 16) and crf animals who received furosemide by oral gavage (crf-f, n = 17) were studied. all crf animals increased their blood pressure (basal: 117.2 +/- 0.8; 6th week: 184.8 +/- 2.9, p < 0.001) but in those treated with furosemide the blood pressure stayed with ...	1993	8242106
continuing development of the cleveland clinic-nimbus total artificial heart.	a completely implanted total artificial heart (tah) is under development by nimbus, inc., and the cleveland clinic foundation (ccf). key features of the system include an electrohydraulic energy converter, an automatic control system that produces a frank-starling response, and dual ventricles composed of graphite-epoxy and titanium with gelatin blood contacting surfaces. the system is controlled by a single substrate, hybridized microcircuit (the hybrid). fabrication of the tah control hybrid h ...	1993	8268522
an atrial hydraulic shunt in a total artificial heart. a balance mechanism for the bronchial shunt.	an implantable tah must be able to maintain physiologic atrial pressures over a range of left side shunt flows, which in humans can range up to 5% of the total cardiac output (co). the authors describe the characteristics of an atrial hydraulic shunt in an electrohydraulic tah. a small (10 cc stroke) chamber placed in line between the left atrial cuff and the inflow valve is shunted to the right hydraulic chamber. high left atrial pressure increases the volume displaced by this chamber; this con ...	1993	8268531
[cardiodynamics and cardiac pump function in hyperthermia].	breaking of myocardial pumping function was shown in experiments in anesthesized dogs under hyperthermia. the end-systolic, end-diastolic and stroke volume was decreased under those conditions. the effectiveness of frank-starling mechanism was reduced in severe hyperthermia.	1993	8274672
a model of human microvascular exchange: parameter estimation based on normals and nephrotics.	a mathematical model is formulated and used to describe the distribution and transport of fluid and albumin in the human circulation, interstitium and lymphatics. two transcapillary mass exchange mechanisms are investigated: a homoporous 'coupled starling model', in which transcapillary albumin diffusion and convection occur within the same pathway, and a heteroporous 'plasma leak model', in which variations in structure and pressure are permitted along the length of the capillary. parameters us ...	1993	8275681
response of arterial resistance and critical pressure to changes in perfusion pressure in canine hindlimb.	the dynamic pressure-flow relationship in the canine hindlimb at normal arterial pressure is best explained by modeling a starling resistor (critical pressure, pcrit) at the level of the arterioles. regulation of flow can therefore occur at the starling resistor through changes in pcrit or along the length of the vessel through changes in arterial resistance (ra). we hypothesized that increasing perfusion pressure (pper) would increase pcrit due to the myogenic response but would decrease ra bec ...	1993	8285232
plasmalemmal vesicles represent the large pore system of continuous microvascular endothelium.	in the capillary physiology literature, molecules and particles larger than 10 nm are assumed to leave the plasma mostly through large pores located at the level of intercellular junctions in microvessels lined with a continuous endothelium. in morphological studies of similar microvessels, outgoing particles > 10 nm were detected in endothelial plasmalemmal vesicles not in intercellular junctions. because the probes may not be found in transit through the junctions because they may be swept awa ...	1993	8368373
auditory frequency generalization and a failure to find octave generalization in a songbird, the european starling (sturnus vulgaris).	many species of songbirds have absolute pitch perception. they memorize tones when discriminating between sequences and fail to generalize to novel frequency ranges. i examined frequency generalization in starlings (sturnus vulgaris) that were trained to discriminate between individual frequencies. starlings were tested for frequency generalization after training on 2- and 3-tone discriminations. there was no evidence for octave generalization, which is a hallmark of human absolute pitch percept ...	1993	8370267
a near perfect temperature adaptation of bilayer order in vertebrate brain membranes.	the bilayer order of a brain synaptic membrane fraction from a number of fish, mammalian and avian species have been compared in relation to their respective body temperatures using steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy techniques. fluorescence anisotropy for both 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene and trans-parinaric acid increased in the order: antarctic notothenia, trout, perch, cichlid, rat and starling, this also being the order of increasing body temperature. this suggests that ...	1993	8373797
anion manipulation, a novel antiarrhythmic approach: mechanism of action.	we recently reported that modulation of anion homeostasis by substitution of extracellular chloride by nitrate prevents ischaemia- and reperfusion-induced ventricular fibrillation (vf) in rat and rabbit in vitro by an unknown mechanism independent of haemodynamic changes but related to widening of qt interval (ridley and curtis 1991). in the present study we have examined three possible explanations for the mechanism: modification of membrane anion permeability, alteration of cyclic nucleotide h ...	1993	8393492
regional geometry and function during myocardial ischemia and recovery.	to define the effects of altered left ventricular (lv) geometry on regional myocardial function during ischemia and recovery, regional and global lv geometry and transmural pressure (p) were measured in seven conscious dogs with sonomicrometry and micromanometry. data were obtained at steady state and during rapid vena caval occlusion (vco) under control conditions, after 15 min of left anterior descending occlusion, and after 1, 4, and 24 hr of reperfusion. regional midwall minor axis (ma) lagr ...	1993	8412064
pressure-volume relationship of the fetal lamb heart.	in contrast to the adult heart, the fetal heart reportedly has little functional reserve. with increased clinical emphasis on fetal cardiac diagnosis, neonatal surgery, and the potential for future fetal cardiac intervention, it is essential that we better understand fetal cardiac function. therefore, to demonstrate the extent of fetal cardiac preload reserve, we studied 10 fetal lambs using an isolated, isovolumic, blood-perfused heart preparation. we maintained constant afterload, inotropic st ...	1993	8431061
geometric and muscle physiological factors of the frank-starling mechanisms.	the relation between left-ventricular stroke volume (sv) and end-diastolic volume (edv) was determined based on angiocardiographic measurements in 10 open-chest minipigs under varying filling conditions (blood letting or infusions). the results were compared with a theoretical relation calculated under the assumption of varying edv but constancy of myocardial properties. in contrast to the linear increase of sv as a function of edv as found in the animal experiments, the calculated curve reveals ...	1993	8471007
analysis of endotoxin effects on pulmonary circulation in terms of pressure-flow characteristics.	the purpose of the present work was to explore the hypothesis that pulmonary vasoconstriction secondary to endotoxin insult results mainly from an increase in the critical closing pressure of the pulmonary vessels. specifically, we reasoned that in the face of a starling resistor located between pulmonary arteries and left atrium, upstream transmission of increased left atrial pressure (pla) would be inversely related to the level of the pressure intercept (pi) obtained by extrapolation from the ...	1993	8485820
capillary filtration coefficients using laser densitometry and gravimetry in isolated dog lungs.	we compared pulmonary capillary filtration coefficients (kf,c) using measurements of transcapillary filtration rates based on laser densitometry of perfusate hematocrit changes (jy,l) and gravimetric measurement of the rate of lobe weight gain (delta wt/delta t) after an increase in capillary pressure (pc) in isolated autologous blood-perfused dog lungs. although the lobe weight increased at a rate that decreased with time, the densitometric filtration rate was relatively constant over time. kf, ...	1993	8514719
the ventricular-synchronous, skeletal-muscle ventricle: preliminary feasibility studies.	the two requirements for the optimal use of skeletal muscle wrapped around a pouch used to pump blood are:(1) a low pouch diastolic pressure (to assure a high muscle capillary blood flow; and (2) a high pouch precontraction pressure (pcp) (to assure a forceful muscle contraction). both requirements are satisfied with the pumping method described herein. this new type of skeletal-muscle ventricle (smv) consists of a rectus abdominis muscle wrapped around a pouch connected to the left ventricular ...	1993	7686661
[cardiodynamics and cardiac pump function in hyperthermia].	disorders of myocardial pumping function were shown in experimental dogs under hyperthermia. end-systolic, end-diastolic and stroke volume were decreased under those conditions. the effectiveness of frank-starling mechanism was reduced in severe hyperthermia.	1993	7690614
[physiologic pacemaker therapy for drug-resistant heart failure in a patient with dilated cardiomyopathy and first-degree atrioventricular block: a case report].	this is a report of a 65-year-old man with end-stage dilated cardiomyopathy, and first-degree atrioventricular (av) block, which had been resistant to intensive medical therapy and was eventually treated using a ddd pacemaker. the optimal av interval setting was determined using invasive right heart catheterization and doppler echocardiography. at a pacing rate of 92/min, an av interval setting between 200 and 100 msec increased left ventricular filling and enhanced myocardial contractility. an ...	1993	8164130
hair cell regeneration in the european starling (sturnus vulgaris): recovery of pure-tone detection thresholds.	behavioral detection thresholds were obtained from four starlings before, during, and after 11 days of subcutaneous injections of kanamycin. birds were operantly conditioned to respond to pure-tones ranging in frequency from 0.25 khz to 7 khz using the method of constant stimuli and were tested daily for 141 days after the first injection of aminoglycoside. all four birds sustained hearing losses greater than 60 db at frequencies from 4 khz to 7 khz by the end of the 11 day injection schedule. t ...	1993	8113131
perceptual organization of auditory temporal patterns in european starlings (sturnus vulgaris).	the perception of continuously repeating auditory patterns by european starlings was explored in seven experiments. in experiment 1, 4 starlings learned to discriminate between two continuously repeating, eight-element, auditory patterns. each eight-element pattern was constructed from different temporal organizations of two elements differing in timbre. in experiments 2-7, the repeating patterns were transformed in ways designed to identify the starlings' perceptual organization of the patterns ...	1993	8290326
thyroidectomy progressively renders the reproductive system of starlings (sturnus vulgaris) unresponsive to changes in daylength.	if starlings (sturnus vulgaris) are transferred to long days soon after being thyroidectomized, they show gonadal maturation but no subsequent photorefractoriness, suggesting a specific role for thyroid hormones in the development of photorefractoriness. this study tests an alternative hypothesis: that following thyroidectomy all gonadal responses to photoperiodic changes are progressively inhibited. photoperiodic responses of starlings were examined at two different times after thyroidectomy. t ...	1993	8254293
nonlethal rodent repellents: differences in chemical structure and efficacy from nonlethal bird repellent.	at least some anthranilates (e.g., methyl anthranilate), and acetophenones (e.g., orthoaminoacetophenone) are aversive to mice as well as to birds. here we systematically examined nine acetophenone isomers (ortho, meta, para) and moieties (amino, hydroxy, methoxy) previously tested as drinking and feeding repellents for european starlings (sturnus vulgaris). all nine substances reduced intake by mice in single-bottle tests. when molecular characteristics were examined, amino group reactivity and ...	1993	24249376
porphyrin profiles in the nestling european starling (sturnus vulgaris): a potential biomarker of field contaminant exposure.	porphyrin patterns in avian and mammalian tissues and/or excreta have been proposed as qualitative and quantitative biomarkers of exposure to polyhalogenated hydrocarbons, heavy metals, and other environmental contaminants. however, no widely distributed terrestrial species has been characterized as a suitable model in which to assess porphyrin profiles in the evaluation of environmental contaminant exposure. the european starling, whose nests can be readily established and manipulated on contam ...	1993	8360942
sexual dimorphism in the volume of song control nuclei in european starlings: assessment by a nissl stain and autoradiography for muscarinic cholinergic receptors.	previous studies have found that the volume of several song control nuclei is larger in male songbirds than in female songbirds. the degree of this volumetric sex difference within a given species appears to be systematically related to the degree of the behavioral sex difference. the largest volumetric differences have been reported in species in which the male sings and the female sings little, if at all, and the smallest sex differences in volume have been reported in species in which males a ...	1993	7691901
ultrastructural evidence for changes in synaptic input to the hypothalamic luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone neurons in photosensitive and photorefractory starlings.	neural input to the hypothalamic luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (lhrh) neurons was investigated in male starlings (sturnus vulgaris) using electron microscopy combined with immunocytochemistry. birds (4 to 6 in each group) were sampled at four stages of a photoperiodically induced reproductive cycle: (a) sexually immature but photosensitive, under short days; (b) during sexual maturation after 7 to 25 long days; (c) during gonadal regression after 35 to 50 long days; and (d) when fully ph ...	1993	8401562
sucrose repellency to european starlings: will high-sucrose cultivars deter bird damage to fruit?	european starlings (sturnus vulgaris) are often pests in commercial fruit crops in north america and europe. because starlings slack the digestive enzyme sucrase and cannot digest sucrose, they may develop an aversion to high-sucrose fruits. in water-tube drinking trials, we tested captive starlings with aqueous solutions of 15% (mass/volume) mixed sugars to identify the level of sucrose required to develop a conditioned feeding aversion when digestible sugars are present. in one-tube tests, sta ...	1993	27759327
circannual rhythms in starlings: response of castrated birds to 12-hr days depends on photoperiodic history.	the annual cycle of reproductive function in starlings (sturnus vulgaris) is driven by seasonal changes in daylength and consists of a 6-month period of photosensitivity, culminating in maximal gonadal development, followed by a 6-month period of photorefractoriness. if male starlings are held under a constant photoperiod of 12 hr of light per day (ld 12:12), some individuals show circannual rhythms of testicular size. do these rhythms consist of alternating periods of photosensitivity and photo ...	1993	8369550
age-dependent changes in plasma and brain cholinesterase activities of eastern bluebirds and european starlings.	age-dependent changes in plasma and brain cholinesterase (che) activity were characterized in two altricial passerine species: eastern bluebirds (sialia sialis) and european starlings (sturnus vulgaris). plasma acetylcholinesterase (ache) activity declined rapidly immediately after hatching, while plasma butyrylcholinesterase (bche) activity increased throughout the nestling period. these patterns continued after birds fledged, since the bche: ache ratio was higher in adult birds than fledglings ...	1993	8445767
are diffusion models too simple? a comparison with telegraph models of invasion.	diffusion models of animal movement are often criticized because they assume animals have infinite velocity and completely random motion. to investigate the impact of these assumptions, i compared a diffusion model with a telegraph model of dispersal the telegraph model assumes organisms have finite velocity and tend to maintain their direction. i compared the models in two settings: (i) as models for dispersal of nonreproducing organisms and (ii) as models for range expansion of organisms that ...	1993	19425956
the intrinsic properties of an in situ perfused crocodile heart	an in situ perfused crocodile (crocodylus porosus) heart preparation was developed to investigate the effects of input and output pressure on cardiac dynamics and to determine the conditions that lead to a right-to-left cardiac shunt. the pericardium was kept intact, both the left and right atria were perfused and all three outflow tracts (right aortic, left aortic and pulmonary) were cannulated, enabling pressures and flows to be monitored. the perfused heart preparation had an intrinsic heart ...	1994	9317783
modeling the transient response to volume perturbations in the beating heart by the difference equation method.	discrete theoretical methods, compatible with the discrete features of the beating heart, are used together with experimental study to attain a quantitative understanding of the transient response to a volume perturbation and of sustained mechanical alternans (sma) in the beating heart. this is done in three stages. in stage a, a first-order difference equation describes the stroke volume (sv) response due to the frank-starling mechanism. it is shown that the value of gamma, the slope of the sv- ...	1994	8184945
three-dimensional transmural mechanical interaction between the coronary vasculature and passive myocardium in the dog.	the "garden hose" effect of coronary perfusion on diastolic left ventricular (lv) mechanics has been proposed to cause changes in systolic function by altering diastolic sarcomere length. we measured transmural distributions of three-dimensional shape change using radiopaque markers implanted in the lv free wall of eight isolated arrested canine hearts as functions of coronary arterial perfusion pressure (pp) and lv pressure (plv) and related these deformations to the local muscle fiber architec ...	1994	8187283
the relationship of intracranial venous pressure to hydrocephalus.	little is known about intracranial venous pressure in hydrocephalus. recently, we reported that naturally occurring hydrocephalus in beagle dogs was associated with an elevation in cortical venous pressure. we proposed that the normal pathway for cerebrospinal fluid (csf) absorption includes transcapillary or transvenular absorption of csf from the interstitial space and that the increase in cortical venous pressure is an initial event resulting in decreased absorption and subsequent hydrocephal ...	1994	8194060
left-to-right ventricular interaction with a noncontracting right ventricle.	left ventricular systole is known to contribute to generation of right ventricular pressure and stroke volume. to study the interactions in a dilated noncontractile right ventricle after cardiopulmonary bypass we created a variable volume, neo-right ventricle by excision and replacement of the right ventricular free wall with a xenograft pericardial patch. we investigated the interactions in eight dogs with neo-right ventricle, instrumented to measure cardiac pressures and cardiac output in cont ...	1994	8196395
extravascular protein in the renal medulla: analysis by two methods.	two methods have been used to test for the presence of extravascular protein in the interstitium of the renal inner medulla. first, ascending vasa recta (avr) segments were perfused with buffer containing 5 g/dl of albumin. the hydraulic pressure in the perfused vessel was varied to control transmembrane volume flux (jv) to the interstitium. interpolation to the point of zero jv was employed to estimate interstitial starling forces in the hydropenic rat papilla. analysis of those experiments pre ...	1994	8203616
[design, manufacturing, and testing of a pulsatile ventricular assist device].	to describe the design of a ventricular assist device (vad), its manufacturing and testing.	1994	7778999
the cardiac structure-function relationship and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in hypertension and heart failure.	according to the framingham study, arterial hypertension and coronary artery disease are the major etiologic factors in the development of heart failure. regulatory systems that may affect heart failure include the frank-starling mechanism, neurohormonal responses, cardiac growth and peripheral oxygen delivery. recently, the interrelationship between the neuroendocrine system and cardiac growth has aroused much interest. in the pressure- or volume-overloaded heart, hypertrophic growth of the myo ...	1994	7827369
a radioimmunoassay for recombinant-derived chicken prolactin suitable for the measurement of prolactin in other avian species.	a homologous radioimmunoassay for chicken prolactin is described. the assay is based on recombinant-derived chicken prolactin that has been used to raise an antibody and produce 125i-labeled tracer and assay standards. the radioimmunoassay measures a minimum of 0.03 +/- 0.01 ng of the recombinant prolactin with 50% displacement of binding by 0.6 +/- 0.1 ng. chicken plasma and pituitary immunoreactivity dilute in parallel with the standard curve. the mean (+/- se) concentrations of plasma prolact ...	1994	7883142
starling pressures in the human arm and their alteration in postmastectomy oedema.	1. surgery and radiotherapy to axillary lymph nodes during breast cancer treatment is often followed, commonly years later, by chronic postmastectomy oedema (pmo). pmo is considered a 'high protein' oedema due to reduced axillary lymph drainage. since oedema formation also depends on fluid input (capillary filtration), we studied the starling pressures in the affected and contralateral arm. colloid osmotic pressure was measured in patient serum (pi p) and interstitial fluid (pi i). subcutis flui ...	1994	7932226
cyclophosphamide effects on immune function of european starlings.	we developed and tested a battery of immune function assays on adult european starlings (sturnus vulgaris) exposed to the immunotoxicant cyclophosphamide (cy). starlings were injected intraperitoneally for three consecutive days with saline or 20 mg/kg cy. cyclophosphamide did not affect body mass or packed cell volume. however, spleen to body mass ratios and the number of viable spleen cells were lower in cy-treated birds when compared to controls. peripheral white blood cell numbers were reduc ...	1994	7933273
increased vascular resistance with hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers.	to compare the effects of resuscitation with hemoglobin-based oxygen-carriers and conventional resuscitation fluids on hemodynamics, oxygen transport, and oxygen consumption in an animal model of the use of these fluids in the treatment of hemorrhagic shock.	1994	7994360
chronic alterations in cardiac mechanics after fetal closed heart operation.	pulmonary artery banding was performed in 8 fetal sheep at 125 days' gestation to evaluate the feasibility of fetal closed cardiac operation. at 135 days' gestation, the fetuses were delivered and the cardiac mechanics were evaluated using a modified langendorff isolated heart preparation. two of the 8 fetuses aborted spontaneously 2 and 7 days after operation. six fetuses (75%) survived the 10 days after delivery. the left ventricular cardiac mechanics in the banded fetuses (group i) were compa ...	1994	8010781
an analysis of the interaction between interstitial plasma protein, interstitial flow, and fenestral filtration and its application to synovium.	an analysis of the interstitial flow of a protein solution is presented, based on physical interactions with extracellular matrix biopolymers. previous models were extended by incorporation of three features--(a) interstitial osmotic reflection coefficients and attendant partial molecular sieving, (b) the effect of solute exclusion on apparent intramatrix fluid viscosity, and (c) the effect of discrete capillary porosity on near-pore oncotic and hydraulic gradients. the principles were applied t ...	1994	8022316
experimental transmission of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus by west african wild ground-feeding birds to hyalomma marginatum rufipes ticks.	hyalomma (h.) marginatum rufipes ticks commonly infest birds and are potential vectors of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) virus in west africa. an experimental model for investigating the role of birds in the cchf virus transmission cycle was developed. following cchf virus inoculation, antibodies were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in one red-beaked hornbill and one glossy starling, but not in two laughing doves and six domestic chickens. none of the birds showed a detecta ...	1994	8024058