Publications

growth and development of lines of japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) divergently selected for body weight at 4 weeks of age.	1. divergent selection for body weight resulted in significant increases and decreases in body weight and the relative weight of the pectoralis major breast muscle in heavy (hw) and light weight (lw) strains of japanese quail compared with a randombred control strain (r1). 2. the relative weights of the abdominal fat pad and total carcass lipid were increased in the hw strain, particularly in the females. 3. sexual maturity was similar in hw and r1 hens but was delayed in the lw hens. hw hens la ...	1992	1354587
sexual development and free-running period in quail kept in constant darkness.	in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) sexual development may occur in total darkness (dd). linked to sexual maturation, variations of the rhythm of feeding activity were observed: in dd, the amount of activity increased and the period of the free-running rhythm lengthened. during the first weeks in dd all the quails presented a free-running period less than 24 hr (22.3 +/- 0.5 hr; n = 50). at the end of the experiment, the more a bird was mature, the greater the lengthening of its perio ...	1992	1505719
the effect of dehydration on brain temperature regulation in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	1. the effect of dehydration and heat exposure on body and brain temperature was studied in quail exposed to increasing ambient temperatures within the range of 25-40 degrees c. 2. the body-to-brain temperature difference was not affected by increasing ambient temperature or hydration state. a mean body-to-brain temperature difference of 0.96 +/- 0.64 degrees c and 0.85 +/- 0.65 degrees c was found in normally hydrated and dehydrated quail, respectively. 3. the slope of the relation between brai ...	1992	1348680
evidence for genetic etiology of heteroploidy in embryos of the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	the japanese quail was used as an experimental system to detect the effects of genes that affect chromosome behavior and distribution. from a random-bred population, three inbred generations were produced by full-sib matings in 36 families. the expectation from such a breeding scheme was that embryos bearing aberrations induced by recessive mutant genes would cluster within families and recur in particular lineages. chromosomal aberrations caused by errors during fertilization, cleavage mitosis, ...	1992	1611913
outbreaks of egg drop syndrome due to eds-76 virus in quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	two outbreaks of the egg drop syndrome were observed in quail flocks maintained on a farm together with chickens. the decrease in egg production ranged from 10.6 per cent to 50.6 per cent, and the number of soft-shelled eggs increased with the decline in egg production. in both the outbreaks haemagglutination inhibiting antibodies to eds-76 virus were detected. fluorescent viral antigen specific to eds-76 virus was also detected in the lining epithelial and glandular cells of the uterus.	1992	1329304
characterization of a paired box- and homeobox-containing quail gene (pax-qnr) expressed in the neuroretina.	the retina is an integral part of the central nervous system, and consists of two layers, the outer pigmented layer and the inner sensory layer or neuroretina (nr). the nr layer contains several strata of cells (glial and neuronal) derived from proliferating neuroectodermal precursors that differentiate after terminal mitosis. in vitro, nr cells can differentiate not only into neuronal and glial types, but also into pigment and lens cells. quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) nr cells (qnr) infect ...	1992	1354346
influence of different photoperiods on development of gonad, cloacal gland and circulating thyroid hormones in male japanese quail coturnix coturnix japonica.	one day old chicks of japanese quail were exposed to different photoperiods (ld, 8:16, 13.5:10.5, 16:8 and ll) and observations (testes weight, cloacal gland size, body weight and circulating thyroxine and triiodothyronine) were taken at the age of 3, 5, 7, 9 and 16 weeks. results indicate that immediate reproductive development occurred in birds exposed to long photoperiods (greater than 12 hr). growth under ld 8:16, was not apparent till 7th week and by 16 weeks, degree of gonadal development ...	1992	1459646
cultivation of eimeria tenella in japanese quail embryos (coturnix coturnix japonica).	complete development of eimeria tenella in japanese quail embryos was observed. sporozoites were inoculated into the allantoic cavity of 7-day-old japanese quail embryos (coturnix coturnix japonica), after which the infected embryos were incubated at 41 c. in the chorioallantoic membrane mature first generation schizonts, mature second generation schizonts, and gametes were detected at 48 hr postinoculation of sporozoites (pi), 84 hr pi, and 126 hr pi, respectively. mature gametes and zygotes we ...	1992	1491294
[thr arteries of the male sex organs of japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) and their development after hatching].	a total of 83 male japanese quails of the following age groups were used for this study: 11, 18, 25, 32, 35, 37, 39, 41, 43 days, and 7, 9, 17 weeks after hatching. neoprene-latex, tensol-cement, and the china ink were injected via the aortic arch. in most of male japanese quails, the testes are supplied by the a. testicularis originated from the aorta descendens through a common trunk with the a. renalis cranialis. but in only 3 quails had this artery originated directly from the aorta descende ...	1992	1497141
renewal and proliferation of spermatogonia during spermatogenesis in the japanese quail, coturnix coturnix japonica.	four different types of spermatogonia were identified in the seminiferous tubules of the japanese quail: a dark type a (ad), 2 pale a types (ap1 and ap2), and a type b. a model is proposed describing the process of spermatogonial development in the quail. the ad spermatogonia are considered to be the stem cells. each divides to produce a new ad spermatogonium and a ap1 spermatogonium during stage ix of the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium. an ap1 spermatogonium produces two ap2 spermatogonia ...	1992	1571970
annual changes in levels of plasma lh and size of cloacal protrusion in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) housed in outdoor cages under natural conditions.	japanese quail of the strain used in our laboratory do not show a complete decrease in levels of circulating luteinizing hormone (lh) concentrations and show no collapse of the testes following their transfer from long to short days under laboratory conditions. thus, merely manipulating photoperiods in the laboratory does not simulate an annual breeding cycle. to see whether an annual breeding cycle does exist in "our" quail under natural conditions, mature male birds were housed in individual c ...	1992	1577244
multilocus dna fingerprints in gallinaceous birds: general approach and problems.	multilocus profiles were investigated in five different species of galliformes (ring-necked pheasant phasianus colchicus, indian peafowl pavo cristatus, japanese quail coturnix coturnix japonica, domestic chicken gallus gallus, and red grouse lagopus lagopus scoticus) using two human multilocus probes (33.6 and 33.15) in combination with each of four restriction enzymes (alui, ddei, haeiii or hinfi). all the species show a dna fingerprint-like pattern using at least one restriction enzyme in com ...	1992	1612925
dotted white--a plumage color mutant in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	a plumage color mutant, dotted white (dtw), of japanese quail is described in this paper. the adult dtw mutant shows white plumage with a small colored spot on the head and/or back. the pigmented spots invariably appear on the dorsal region and never on the ventral region of the body. some birds lack colored spots and show pure white plumage. the chick of the dtw mutant shows cream yellow plumules similar to those of the white leghorn chick. colored spots also exist as in adults, and its colorat ...	1992	1740163
effects of handling and pair management on reproduction in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix ).	three experiments were designed to study the effects of handling, pairing, and frequency of mating opportunities on reproduction in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix ) when the sexes were caged separately except during the 90 minute mating periods. in experiments 1 and 2, 48 females and 48 males were allocated randomly to one of four treatments: 1) continuously paired, 2) paired daily with the same male, 3) paired daily with a different male, and 4) paired every third day with the same male. in ...	1992	16727087
the role of eggs in mercury excretion by quail coturnix coturnix and the implications for monitoring mercury pollution by analysis of feathers.	: this paper describes differences in the excretion of methyl mercury between male and female quail coturnix coturnix after a single dose. since feathers are often used to monitor mercury pollution it is important to take into account biases in feather mercury levels that may arise as a result of mercury loss through egg-laying. evidence is presented to support the use of bird eggs to sample for environmental mercury contamination. birds were monitored up to twelve weeks after administration. me ...	1993	24203119
physiological and behavioral effects of coniferyl benzoate on avian reproduction.	various plant secondary metabolites related to cinnamic acid are of interest because of their repellency to birds and their occurrence in ecologically important food items. coniferyl benzoate (cb), a phenylpropanoid ester that occurs in quaking aspen (populus tremuloides) is of particular ecological interest because of its effect on ruffed grouse (bonasa umbellus) feeding behavior and its possible influence on the population dynamics of this bird. during detoxification processes, cb and other an ...	1993	24248582
ultrastructural study of post-hatching development in the pineal gland of the japanese quail.	the pineal gland of the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) retained numerous follicular structures, each of which was composed mostly of pinealocytes and supporting cells radially arranged around the follicular lumen during the first 6 weeks of age. in the pinealocytes, paraboloids and regular stacks of lamellar disks, which were demonstrated at 1 day of age in a previous study [14], rapidly decreased in number after 1 week of age. from 1 to 6 weeks of age, the pinealocytes had more dev ...	1993	8117821
anf binding sites in the heart of the quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	the distribution pattern of rat [125i]-atrial natriuretic factor (anf) binding sites in the cardiac regions of the japanese quail was examined by in vitro quantitative autoradiography. elevated anf binding densities (519 +/- 121 fmol/mg protein) were found in the posterior vena cava, while lower binding levels (between 40 and 50 fmol/mg protein) were found in sinus venosus, aortic bulb, and endomural vessels, with the ventricular wall having the lowest value (17.6 +/- 8.8 fmol/mg protein). scatc ...	1993	8284267
esterases in quail (coturnix coturnix). physicochemical and developmental aspects.	1. soluble esterases of digestive system organs of various developmental stages in the quail (coturnix coturnix) were resolved by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis into several molecular forms which were characterized as carboxylesterases, acetylesterases, cholinesterases and esterases sensitive to eserine. 2. the pi of the majority of esterasic activity in several quail and chicken tissues was observed in the range of 5.1-5.6, while the apparent molecular weight in liver extracts was 60,000. 3 ...	1993	8299343
[quantitative changes in the ultrastructure of myocardial cells in japanese quail during hypergravity, hypodynamia and space flight].	the experimental work aimed at the quantitative ultrastructure of the myocardial cells of the japanese quail coturnix coturnix japonica during hypergravitation, hypodynamism and space flight in a soviet satellite. for the determination of quantitative changes of the myocardial ultrastructure a morphometrical method was used with parameters like the number of mitochondria, average mitochondrial size, relative mitochondrial volume, deficiency of cristae and relative volume of myofibrils. the quail ...	1993	8353753
photoperiodism in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) with special reference to relative refractoriness.	cloacal gland (an androgen dependent sex accessory) of japanese quail exhibits full breeding condition as long as these were maintained under long days (ld 16:8). when shifted to short daylength (ld 6:18), scotosensitivity (cloacal gland regression) was observed up to 5 weeks, followed by scotorefractoriness (cloacal gland development). there was a regression in cloacal gland volume of the birds when shifted to intermediate daylength (ld 13.5:10.5 and 13:11) after 12 weeks of exposure to long da ...	1993	8359848
electron microscope observations on lh-induced oocyte maturation in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	the aim of this study was to describe the temporal sequence of ultrastructural changes in the boundary between the preovulatory oocyte and its surrounding follicular wall during maturation induced by injection of lh. female japanese quail were injected with ovine lh (20 micrograms per bird) 10-12 h before the expected time of ovulation. the largest and second largest follicles were excised before or 1, 2, 4 or 6 h after injection. the oocyte and the surrounding follicular wall were processed for ...	1993	8410804
sexual approach conditioning: unconditioned stimulus factors.	unconditioned stimulus (us) factors were investigated in a pavlovian sexual conditioning paradigm with male japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica). copulation with a female quail was more effective than exposure to a female without copulation, but the latter also produced conditioned responding (experiment 1). the greater effectiveness of copulatory opportunity as a us was probably not due to nonassociative effects of copulation (experiment 2). visual cues of the female, as presented on a t ...	1993	8418215
sexual approach conditioning: tests of unconditioned stimulus devaluation using hormone manipulations.	contents of learning that result from conditioned-unconditioned stimulus pairings in sexual approach conditioning were explored with male japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica). sexual motivation of subjects conditioned to approach an arbitrary stimulus in a pavlovian sexual conditioning paradigm was reduced by exposing them to a short photoperiod. decreased sexual motivation resulted in a decline in sexually conditioned approach behavior (experiments 1 and 2). responding was restored when ...	1993	8418216
the neuroanatomic binding pattern of [125i]atrial natriuretic factor in the japanese quail brain.	application of quantitative autoradiography technique provided a discrete anatomical distribution pattern of the atrial natriuretic factor (anf) in the japanese quail, coturnix coturnix japonica, brain. the highest binding levels of [125i]anf were shown to occur in telencephalon areas, such as fasciculus diagonalis brocae (232 fmol/mg protein), septum (194 fmol/mg protein) and olfactory bulb (153 fmol/mg protein), and in posterior sites, such as nucleus interpeduncularis (177 fmol/mg protein), w ...	1993	8506079
sensory nerve endings in the beak skin of japanese quail.	this study is concerned with the distribution and ultrastructure of sensory nerve endings in the beak skin of adult japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica). the following nerve endings were found: free nerve endings, clusters of dermal merkel nerve endings, herbst corpuscles and ruffini corpuscles. the latter were found only in the dermis of the tip of the upper beak. the remaining endings were present in the skin of all areas of upper and lower beak. free nerve endings were supplied by eith ...	1993	8238960
ultrastructural changes of oocyte and follicular wall during oocyte maturation in the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	this study examined structural changes in oocyte and follicular wall during oocyte maturation in japanese quails. the structures of the germinal disc and the surrounding follicular wall were observed by light and electron microscopy 25, 6 and 1 h before the expected time of ovulation. the germinal disc of the oocyte was located near the oocyte plasma membrane at 25 h before ovulation, and the germinal vesicle was located in the centre of the germinal disc. numerous cytoplasmic elements, such as ...	1993	8464010
dopaminergic interplexiform cells in the retina of pigmented and hypopigmented quails (coturnix coturnix japonica).	interplexiform cells (ipcs) have not been previously described as a component of the population of tyrosine hydroxylase (th) immunoreactive (presumably dopaminergic) cells in the avian retina. in this study, carried out in both pigmented and imperfect albino mutant quails (coturnix coturnix japonica), we initially describe th immunoreactive cells in the inner nuclear layer whose internal dendritic arborization extends into strata 1, 3 and 4/5 of the inner plexiform layer. then, we describe ascen ...	1993	7903119
spermiogenesis and spermiation in the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	the ultrastructure of 12 steps of spermatid development and the process of spermiation are described for the japanese quail in order to clarify the classification proposed for determining the stages of the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium (lin et al. 1990) and to assess disagreements in the literature about sperm development in birds. it was concluded that acrosomal development involves the formation of proacrosomal granules which do not contain dense granules like the mammalian acrosome. ma ...	1993	8300429
different expression of calpain in skeletal muscle of japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) lines selected for body weight.	calpain activity was determined by western blot analysis of steady-state concentrations of m-calpain (calpain requiring millimolar ca2+ for activation) and also by northern blot analysis of steady-state concentrations of mrna encoding m-calpain in three lines of quail: a random-bred control line (rr) and two lines selected for body weight, one for increased body weight (ll) and another for decreased body weight (ss). the m-calpain activities in skeletal muscle were higher in the ss line and lowe ...	1993	8166622
fine structure of merkel corpuscles in the lingual mucosa of japanese quail, coturnix coturnix japonica.	by electron microscopy, these corpuscles were found exclusively in the connective tissue just beneath the dorsal epithelium near the lateral margin of the tongue. each consisted of 4-8 merkel cells and flattened nerve terminals arranged alternately. the merkel cell was characterized by dense-cored granules, with a diameter ranging from 120 to 180 nm, throughout the cytoplasm. the functional significance of the avian merkel cell, i.e. a mechanoreceptor cell or a trophic cell with the axon, still ...	1993	8297254
divergent selection for body weight and yolk precursor in coturnix coturnix japonica. 9. evaluation of traits associated with onset of sexual maturity.	an experiment was conducted to compare traits associated with onset of sexual maturity in japanese quail lines. lines divergently selected for high and low 4-wk bw (hw and lw), and high and low total plasma phosphorus at beginning of lay (hp and lp) were compared with a randombred line (rbc1) that served as the base population for hw, lw, hp, and lp. the hw sublines (hw-hp and hw-lp) and lp subline (lp-hw) were also compared to their respective line of origin. most of the differences observed fo ...	1993	8265491
melatonin and photoperiodic time measurement in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	artificial extension of the duration of nocturnally secreted circulating melatonin with exogenous injections produces a short day effect in the reproductive status of mammals, and this paradigm has been applied to japanese quail to test the hypothesis that birds are similar to mammals in this respect. male quail reared on non-stimulatory short days (8l:16d) were switched to mildly stimulatory 12l:12d and given daily melatonin injections at dusk (10 micrograms 2 h before dusk and 10 micrograms at ...	1993	8265672
experimental light damage increases lipofuscin in the retinal pigment epithelium of japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	lipofuscin accumulation in the retinal pigment epithelium (rpe) of japanese quail was investigated in normal and light-damaged animals at 4 months and 12 months of age following a single, 18-hr light-damaging exposure (3000-3200 lx) evaluated 6 weeks postexposure. quail in a second experimental group light-damaged at 4 months of age were exposed to a second, identical light-damaging exposure at 12 months of age. rpe lipofuscin was quantitatively assessed in three ways: (1) total lipofuscin, expr ...	1993	8282031
the effect of water loss upon the urate, urea and ammonia content of the egg of the japanese quail coturnix coturnix japonica.	1. the urate, urea and ammonia content of the whole egg of the japanese quail was measured in late incubation in eggs subject to different rates of water loss. 2. high rates of water loss substantially increased egg urate content, but had little or no effect on urea or ammonia content. 3. allopurinol, an inhibitor of urate synthesis, reduced egg urate content to low levels, but produced no effect on urea content, and a small reduction in ammonia content. 4. the urea concentration of the embryo w ...	1993	7902795
heritabilities of growth curve parameters and age-specific expression of genetic variation under two different feeding regimes in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	this study investigated genetic variation in growth and final size in relationship to differences in heritabilities under good and poor feeding conditions. heritabilities of growth and final size were estimated for several traits under ad libitum and restricted feeding conditions. a 30% feed restriction from hatching to 44 days of age in japanese quail chicks decreased body weight and tarsus length at 44 days of age and the length of the third primary convert feather at 24 days of age relative t ...	1993	8405992
proteins of the vitelline membrane of quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) eggs.	proteins in the vitelline membrane of quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) eggs were analyzed by sds-page. ten major bands, molecular mass ranging from 14.5 to 285 kda, can be clearly distinguished. two bands corresponding to the molecular masses of 33 and 175 kda were detected in the inner layer of the membrane and both were stained with periodic acid-schiff reagent, indicating that they are glycoproteins. nine bands were detected in the outer layer of the membrane. among them, 265- and 285-kda b ...	1993	8378223
basic and lectin histochemistry for studying glycoconjugates in the lingual salivary glands of the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	traditional non-lectin staining methods and lectin histochemistry combined with specific exoglycosidase digestion were used to investigate the histological structure of these glands and to visualize the occurrence and composition of salivary glycoconjugates. the quail lingual glands comprise the anterior lingual gland, with rostral and caudal portions that differ in morphology and histochemical staining, and the posterior lingual gland devoid of regional differences. carbohydrate histochemistry ...	1993	8215987
effect of acth and glucocorticoids on lipid metabolism in the japanese quail, coturnix coturnix japonica.	1. immature male japanese quail received repeated (chronic) injections of 0.8 i.u. corticotrophin (acth), 0.1 mg or 1.0 mg corticosterone (b), or 0.02 mg dexamethasone (dxm) and were fasted then refed at the end of the treatment period. a subgroup of the dxm group were given a single (acute) injection of 0.8 i.u. acth or saline before refeeding. a further group that had been given repeated injections of saline were fasted at the end of the treatment period. 2. all chronic hormone treatments decr ...	1993	8102958
ultrastructural characteristics of primordial germ cells in the quail embryo.	an avian species, the quail has become a desirable animal model in experimental embryology and reproductive biology. to understand the ultrastructural characteristics of primordial germ cells (pgc) of this species, we studied pgc in the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) embryo at various developmental stages from their appearance in the germinal crescent through migration to settlement in the gonadal ridges by means of electron microscopy. the results were compared with those of anothe ...	1993	8363058
effects of exogenous melatonin on some endocrine, behavioural and metabolic parameters in japanese quail coturnix coturnix japonica.	1. melatonin administration in drinking water (5 micrograms/ml) to japanese quail resulted in a 20-fold increase of plasma melatonin levels in comparison with the control, day time concentration (0.34 +/- 0.05 vs 6.88 +/- 1.10 nmol/l). 2. plasma triiodothyronine levels increased (5.8 +/- 0.93 vs 7.97 +/- 0.64 nmol/l), corticosterone decreased (28.04 +/- 3.42 vs 15.96 +/- 2.56 nmol/l) and no significant changes were recorded in thyroxine concentration after the treatment. 3. a higher occurrence o ...	1993	8101160
effects of bis(tri-n-butyltin)oxide in japanese quail exposed during egg laying period: an interlaboratory comparison study.	the guideline no. 206 for testing of chemicals of the organization for economic cooperation and development (oecd) comprising an avian reproduction test using the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica; termminck and schlegel 1849) as pair-hold test organisms has been applied in a version that reduced the treatment period to 6 weeks without any pretreatment. in the present study bis(tri-n-butyltin)oxide, c.a. no. 56-35-9 (tributyltin oxide, tbto) was examined by five participants in an inter ...	1993	8507099
the circadian nature of melatonin secretion in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	plasma melatonin concentrations were measured in japanese quail held under different photoperiods and constant darkness (< 1 lux). when subjected to ld6:18 (6 hr light: 18 hr darkness), levels rose approximately 2 hr after lights-off, attained a peak level 8 hr after lights off, and subsequently declined to low daytime levels before the next lights-on signal. this generated a distinct daily rhythm in melatonin secretion with a duration of approximately 13 h. on exposing quail to a range of photo ...	1993	8345447
[quantitative ultrastructure of the myocardium of japanese quail after long-term hypodynamia].	quantitative ultrastructural myocardial changes of myocardium of the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) were studied during an immobilization stress (hypodynamia) lasting 9, 30, 60 and 90 days. hypodynamic quails were fixed by waistcoats to the feeding place simulating conditions of long lasting space flight which the quails were determined for. the surveyed morphological parametres were: mitochondrial rate, mitochondrial volume in % of cytoplasm, volume of myofibres in % of cytoplasm, ...	1993	8339327
research note: effect of diet density and pelleting on productive parameters of japanese quail.	an experiment was conducted to determine the response of growing japanese quail to two dietary energy levels, high (3,200 kcal me/kg) versus low (3,000 kcal me/kg), and two forms of presentation, mash versus pellet. seven thousand, two hundred day-old japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) were randomly distributed into 24 floor pens containing 300 quail each. the experiment was divided in two phases: starter (until 2 wk of age) and finisher (days 14 to 33). weight gain was less (p < .05) f ...	1993	8464802
morphometric analysis of the scleral bony ring with different numbers of ossicles in the eye of coturnix coturnix japonica.	the scleral bony ring (s.b.r.) of coturnix coturnix japonica was examined and evaluated morphometrically in its characteristic formations (scleral ossicles, overlapping sectors). the modal class 14-14, the most representative, was compared to others having minor or major numbers of ossicles with complex or simple overlaps in the left and right eyes. it was observed that the ossicles, numbered as in the literature, are ordered in a characteristic manner to form the s.b.r. the ossicle dimensions a ...	1994	7978347
molecular species analysis of glycosphingolipids from small intestine of japanese quail, coturnix coturnix japonica by hplc/fab/ms.	neutral glycosphingolipids were isolated from quail small intestine and their structures were analysed. they contained: gal beta 1-4glccer(laccer), gal alpha 1-4galcer(ga2cer), gal alpha 1-4gal beta 1-4glccer(gb3cer), glcnac beta 1-3gal beta 1-4glccer(lc3cer), galnac beta 1-4gal beta 1-4glccer(gg3cer), galnac beta 1-4[galnac beta 1-3] gal beta 1-4glccer(lcgg4cer), and galnac alpha 1-3galnac beta 1-3gal alpha 1-4gal beta 1-4glccer (forssman glycolipid) as well as glucosylceramide, galactosylceram ...	1994	7804001
blood esterase inhibition in birds as an index of organophosphorus contamination: field and laboratory studies.	: with the aim of developing a nondestructive biomarker (serum 'b' esterases) for monitoring bird populations exposed to azamethiphos s((6-chloro-2-oxooxazolo(4,5-b)pyridin-3(2h)-yl)methyl) 0,0-dimethyl phosphorothioate (9cl), parallel laboratory and field studies were performed. in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) treated with azamethiphos at 10 mg kg(-1), serum butyrylcholinesterase (bche) and carboxylesterase (ce) activities were inhibited by 88% and 35%, respectively, after 24 h. ...	1994	24201863
developing blood vessels and associated extracellular matrix as substrates for neural crest migration in japanese quail, coturnix coturnix japonica.	japanese quail embryos were used to examine paths of neural crest cell (nc) migration in relationship to the embryonic vasculature. immunolabeling for nc, angioblasts and the extracellular matrix (ecm) glycoproteins fibronectin (fn), laminin (ln) and tenascin (tn) revealed several instances where spatiotemporal patterns of nc migration coincide with the embryonic vascular pattern and its associated ecm. an in vitro model for angiogenesis was modified to include nc, and associations with "capilla ...	1994	7521199
retinal distribution of tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive cells in two strains of quails coturnix coturnix japonica.	we have compared the distribution of tyrosine-hydroxylase immunoreactive (th-i) somata in the retina of two strains of japanese quails, one normally pigmented and one hypopigmented mutant which develops a glaucoma, three months after their hatching. th-i cells were observed among amacrine and presumptive interplexiform cells in both strains. they were distributed in areas of decreasing densities from an area centralis, located in the central upper retina to the retinal periphery. we have arbitra ...	1994	7914902
effects of first formant onset frequency on [-voice] judgments result from auditory processes not specific to humans.	when f1-onset frequency is lower, longer f1 cut-back (vot) is required for human listeners to perceive synthesized stop consonants as voiceless. k. r. kluender [j. acoust. soc. am. 90, 83-96 (1991)] found comparable effects of f1-onset frequency on the "labeling" of stop consonants by japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) trained to distinguish stop consonants varying in f1 cut-back. in that study, cvs were synthesized with natural-like rising f1 transitions, and endpoint training stimuli ...	1994	8132898
[anesthesia in poultry].	ketamine and ketamine-xylazine anesthesia was performed in the domestic fowl of the laying hybrid hisex brown and in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix) to test short-time anesthesia for the purposes of small surgical interventions. the findings of the authors heidenreich and wissdorf (1978) obtained in birds in the zoo park in hannover were used to determine anesthetic doses and to assess the course of anesthesia, as well as a comparative study written by samour et al. (1984) dealing with the us ...	1994	8154090
mycotic salpingitis in a japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	an adult female japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) was received for postmortem examination. necropsy revealed the presence of white to grayish nodules 2-5 mm in diameter on the serosal surface of the oviduct. aspergillus flavus was isolated from these nodules in pure culture. histologically, these nodules were medium to large granulomatous lesions in serosa and the muscular wall of the oviduct. the lesions contained a large central necrotic core surrounded by giant cells, macrophages, a ...	1994	7702530
drusen-like deposits in the outer retina of japanese quail.	histological examination of the outer retina of japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) ranging in age from 4-48 months revealed the presence of drusen-like deposits which closely resemble those described in primate and human retinas. at both light and electron microscopic levels, these deposits were characterized by randomly distributed, granular and heterogenous materials. larger deposits with pleomorphic inclusions, often globular in shape, occurred more frequently in older quail, particu ...	1994	7859816
insulin-like growth factor-i messenger rna content in the oviduct of japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica): changes during growth and development or after estrogen administration.	complementary dna (cdna) of insulin-like growth factor-i (igf-i) of japanese quail was cloned. the nucleotide sequence analysis of the cdna showed that only seven bases differed from those of chicken igf-i cdna in the 440 bases of the cloned region. this difference in nucleotide sequence did not cause changes in the amino acid sequence. using this cloned cdna, the changes in igf-i mrna content in the tissues of female quail during growth and development were investigated. in the oviduct, igf-i m ...	1994	7881819
the integrative segment of the quail coturnix coturnix japonica. occurrence and distribution of carbonic anhydrase and complex carbohydrates.	as part of a more extensive study into the involvement of carbonic anhydrase in avian excretory function, the occurrence and distribution of this enzyme was investigated in the quail integrative segment. the integrative segment represents, in birds, that part of the intestinal tract where ureteral urine undergoes postrenal modification to form definitive urine. to define the structural peculiarities within the intestinal epithelium, the constituent parts, namely cloaca, rectum and caecum, as wel ...	1994	7961146
host specificity studies and oocyst description of a cryptosporidium sp. isolated from ostriches.	oocysts of a cryptosporidium sp. were found in the feces of 14 of 165 (8.5%) ostriches imported into canada. the genus identity of the oocysts was confirmed by morphology. the mean (+/- sd) size of 40 oocysts was 4.6 (0.53) x 4.0 (0.42) microns (range 3.9-6.1 x 3.3-5.0 microns) with a shape index (length/width ratio) of 1.15 (range 1.00-1.38). in cross-transmission experiments, this cryptosporidium sp. failed to infect suckling mice, chickens, turkeys, or quail (coturnix coturnix japonica). a co ...	1994	8073019
molecular cloning of complementary deoxyribonucleic acids for the pituitary glycoprotein hormone alpha-subunit and luteinizing hormone beta-subunit precursor molecules of japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	complementary dnas encoding precursor molecules of the pituitary glycoprotein hormone (pgh) alpha- and luteinizing hormone (lh) beta-subunits of japanese quail were isolated from a quail adenohypophyseal cdna library using corresponding chicken cdnas as hybridization probes. the isolated cdnas had a length of 695 and 724 bp, respectively, and contained sequences of 5' and 3' untranslated regions and an entire coding region of the precursor molecules. two series of incompletely repeating and part ...	1994	7515015
nitric oxide synthase in neurons of the gastrointestinal tract of an avian species, coturnix coturnix.	the distribution of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (nadph) diaphorase staining and its colocalisation with nitric oxide synthase immunoreactivity was examined in neurons of the quail gastrointestinal tract. immunoreactivity and enzyme activity were found in identical populations of neurons. nitric oxide synthase activity was present in 30-40% of myenteric nerve cells in each region. numerous reactive cells were also in the submucous plexus and many positive nerve fibres inne ...	1994	7516931
serum concentrations of thyroid hormones during egg laying in two types of japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	in the present investigation a lighter white egg-type (l) and a heavier wild meat-type (m) of female japanese quails were compared with respect to egg production, body growth, abdominal fat pad, serum thyroxine (t4) and triiodothyronine (t3) concentrations, trh sensitivity and t4 5'-monodeiodinase activity in liver homogenates. during the investigation period l type layed considerably more eggs and m type was heavier in body weight. abdominal fat pad in l type quails was significantly higher tha ...	1994	8891179
excalfactoria quail as a new laboratory research animal.	chinese painted quail (excalfactoria chinensis), which is sometimes reared as a bird for pleasure, appears to be an excellent candidate for a laboratory research animal. handling and general care of this species are very easy because of its small body size and hardiness. the body weight (mean +/- sem) of the newly hatched chick, adult male, and adult female is 3.93 +/- .05, 47.66 +/- .52, and 55.89 +/- .75 g, respectively; that is, approximately half the size of japanese quail (coturnix coturnix ...	1994	8072918
control of sodium and chloride transport in the thick ascending limb in the avian nephron.	we previously reported that birds may concentrate urine by a countercurrent multiplier mechanism using single-solute (nacl) recirculation, in which the thick ascending limb of henle (tal) of mammalian-type nephrons provides an energy source. the japanese quail tal has a higher lumen-to-bath cl flux (jcl,lb) than that of mammals; the mechanism for maintaining the osmotic gradient along the medullary cone is unknown. we investigated whether salt delivery alters the nacl reabsorption rate in the ta ...	1994	8067454
the pulmonary neuroepithelial endocrine system in the quail, coturnix coturnix. light- and electron-microscopical immunocytochemistry and morphology.	despite extensive knowledge of the neuroepithelial endocrine (nee) system in the lungs of species of various vertebrate classes, data on avians are limited. the present investigation deals with the light- and electron-microscopical immunocytochemistry and morphology of pulmonary nee cells in the quail, coturnix coturnix. light-microscopically, serotonin immunoreactivity was detected in numerous solitary and clustered nee cells located in the cilio-mucous epithelium of primary and secondary bronc ...	1994	7913590
n-acetyltransferase activity in the quail (coturnix coturnix jap) duodenum.	the activity and kinetics of n-acetyltransferase (nat) in the quail duodenum were studied by radioenzymatic assay. nat activity was highest when incubated under 37 degrees c, at ph 5.8 for 15 sec. of the four substrates tested (tryptamine, 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine, serotonin, and n-acetylserotonin at concentrations of 0.08-4 mm), only tryptamine showed the substrate saturation phenomenon when incubated with the duodenal enzyme and acetyl-14c-coenzyme a. the saturation concentration of tryptamine ...	1995	7584855
effects of acute lead ingestion and diet on antibody and t-cell-mediated immunity in japanese quail.	this study investigated the interacting effects of acute lead exposure and different diets on antibody and t-cell-mediated immunity in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix). nine quail (nine week old males) were assigned randomly to each group in a factorial experiment with four treatments and two diets. the treatments were 1) a positive control group fed 20 micrograms/g corticosterone, 2) a negative control group given no lead or corticosterone, 3) a low-lead group, and 4) a high-lead group. the l ...	1995	7710288
monoamine fluorescence in the median eminence of the japanese quail, coturnix coturnix japonica, following medial basal hypothalamic deafferentation.	monoamine fluorescence was examined in the ventral hypothalamus of the japanese quail, coturnix coturnix japonica after medial basal hypothalamic deafferentation. in sham-operated control birds, numerous yellow-green fluorescent fibers were observed in the median eminence and the nucleus tuberis. in the area of the paraventricular organ, a number of fluorescent fibers and cell bodies were observed. in birds with deafferented hypothalami, fluorescence disappeared both in the median eminence and t ...	1995	173465
staphylococcal dermatitis in quail with a parakeratotic hyperkeratotic dermatosis suggestive of pantothenic acid deficiency.	this report describes an outbreak of staphylococcal dermatitis which occurred in commercial japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) with a history and clinico-pathological evidence suggestive of pantothenic acid deficiency. the flock had a low hatchability rate (40 to 43%) and a high percentage (50%) of dead-in-shell embryos. approximately 5 to 15% of the grower flock developed crusty facial scabs and conjunctivitis from 4 days of age. culture of eyelid skin yielded pure growths of non-haemo ...	1995	18645814
migratory fat deposition in european quail: a role for prolactin?	the present study addresses the role of prolactin as a regulator of migratory fattening in european quail (coturnix coturnix). plasma prolactin levels in captive birds undergoing migratory fattening in an outdoor aviary and in the laboratory were measured by radioimmunoassay with an antibody raised against recombinant-derived chicken prolactin. no strong association between prolactin and migratory fattening was apparent, and prolactin levels were more closely related to daylength, with the highe ...	1995	7561623
proteolysis of japanese quail and chicken plasma apolipoprotein b and vitellogenin by cathepsin d: similarity of the resulting protein fragments with egg yolk polypeptides.	plasma very-low density lipoprotein (vldl) and vitellogenin (vtg) from mature female japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) and chickens (gallus domesticus) were isolated and digested in vitro with cathepsin d (ec3.4.23.5). the incubation mixtures were then reduced and subjected to gradient (4.5-18%) sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. protein fragments were stained with either coomassie brilliant blue r-250 (vldl digests) or coomassie brilliant blue r-250 containing 20 mm alcl3 (vtg di ...	1995	7584850
conservation of functionally important epitopes on myelin associated glycoprotein (mag).	phylogenetic conservation of protein domains often points to functionally important regions. as a step toward mapping these sites on myelin associated glycoprotein (mag) we have determined the species distribution of epitopes recognized by a panel of anti-mag antibodies (ab). monoclonal antibodies (mab) b11f7, gens3 and 28 recognized mag only in mammalian species. however, the mab 513 which inhibits mag binding recognized a conformational epitope in a wider distribution of species including, hum ...	1995	7584863
the genetic link between the chinese bamboo partridge (bambusicola thoracica) and the chicken and junglefowls of the genus gallus.	further comparison of mitochondrial control-region dna base sequences of 16 avian species belonging to the subfamily phasianinae revealed the following: (i) generalized perdicine birds (quails and partridges) are of ancient lineages. even the closest pair, the common quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) and the chinese bamboo partridge (bambusicola thoracica), maintained only 85.71% identity. (ii) the 12 species of phasianine birds previously and presently studied belonged to three distinct branch ...	1995	7479935
a new inherited muscular disorder in japanese quails (coturnix coturnix japonica).	thirteen adult mutant (lwc strain) japanese quails (coturnix coturnix japonica), between the ages of 8 and 60 weeks were examined for a progressive muscular disorder. the disorder, inherited as an autosomal dominant trait, was clinically apparent as early as 28 days of age; it was characterized by generalized myotonia, muscle stiffness, and muscle weakness. affected birds were identified by their inability to lift their wings vertically upward and by their inability to right themselves when plac ...	1995	7483209
circadian rhythms of corneal mitotic rate, retinal melatonin and immunoreactive visual pigments, and the effects of melatonin on the rhythms in the japanese quail.	we investigated circadian ocular rhythms in the japanese quail, coturnix coturnix japonica. the birds were placed under light-dark cycles (ld 12:12), constant light (ll) and constant darkness (dd), and the retinas were dissected out at four-hour intervals throughout 24 h. following measurements were performed. (1) melatonin content in the retina was measured by radioimmunoassay. it was low in light and several folds higher in darkness under ld 12:12. the rhythm continued in dd, but disappeared i ...	1995	7722956
characterization of the japanese quail oocyte receptor for very low density lipoprotein and vitellogenin.	the plasma membrane receptor for vldl and vitellogenin from oocytes of japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) was characterized and compared with that of another domestic fowl, the chicken (gallus domesticus). when visualized by ligand blotting with biotinylated or 125i-labeled lipoproteins, the quail vldl/vitellogenin receptor had an apparent m(r) of 95 kda under nonreducing conditions, identical to that of the chicken receptor. upon analysis by ligand blotting, binding of radiolabeled qua ...	1995	7738685
pathogenicity of quail's inclusion body hepatitis virus (avian adenovirus-1) for japanese quails and broiler chicks.	quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) and broiler (gallus domesticus) chicks were inoculated experimentally with ibh virus (avian adenovirus-1) derived from quails to determine its pathogenicity. quail chicks were inoculated by the intraperitoneal route at 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7 weeks of age. lesions were encountered most frequently in the liver, kidneys and lungs. these included pale, swollen and mottled liver, swollen nephrotic kidneys, and congested and pneumonic lungs. the lesions were severe in birds ...	1995	8619292
effect of age and carcase composition on the onset of sexual maturity in quail under normal feeding regimens.	1. the effect of age and carcase composition on the onset of sexual maturity was investigated in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) reared under a normal feeding regimen. 2. at 42 d of age, when the quail had started to lay and hen day production was about 60%, layers were heavier and contained more carcase fat than those that were not laying. 3. the liver and the ovary weight were greater following the onset of sexual maturity than 1 or 2 weeks before (35 and 28 d respectively). 4. car ...	1995	8746978
functional maturation of neuroendocrine gonadal axis is altered by specific phase relations of circadian neurotransmitter activity in japanese quail.	the present study was designed to ascertain the effects of temporal relationship of circadian neural oscillations on puberty attainment and reproductive growth of japanese quail, coturnix coturnix japonica. serotonin and dopamine precursors (5-hydroxytryptophan, 5-htp and l-dihydroxyphenylalanine, l-dopa; 5 mg/100 g body weight) were injected daily, 8 and 12 h apart in two groups of one-day old chicks, while controls received two daily injections of normal saline. weekly/biweekly observations (b ...	1995	8719179
influence of various dietary protein levels on carcase composition in the male japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	1. the present study was conducted to determine the effect of various dietary protein concentrations on the carcase composition of male japanese quail. 2. six diets varying in protein from 160 to 300 g/kg and containing approximately 11.72 mj/kg me were fed for 5 weeks and analysed for dry matter, protein, fat and ash. 3. treatments affected carcase weight, dry matter, protein, ether extract and ash (p < 0.01). 4. the water content of the carcases decreased with increasing dietary protein concen ...	1995	8590093
exposure of domestic quail embryos to extremely low frequency magnetic fields.	four hundred domestic quail eggs (coturnix coturnix japonica) were used to study the possible teratogenic effects of extremely low frequency magnetic fields (elf-mfs) on early embryonic development. ten females were selected from a flock on the basis of their high fertility rate and low number of spontaneous abnormalities and they were selectivity maintained in nesting-boxes in a room where feeding and environmental conditions were carefully controlled. all the eggs used in the experiments were ...	1995	7561392
dietary nitroprusside alleviates atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolemic japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	male japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica), susceptible to cholesterol-induced atherosclerosis, were rendered hypercholesterolemic by feeding a diet containing 0.5% cholesterol in two experiments. half the animals also received a dietary supplement of sodium nitroprusside ranging in concentration from 0.005% to 0.015%. after 10 weeks on the diets, serum was obtained for cholesterol analysis, the animals were killed, and the aortae removed and examined for the presence of atherosclerotic le ...	1995	7553329
inherited muscular disorder in mutant japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica): relationship between the development of muscle lesions and age.	the progression of the pathological changes that occur in the skeletal muscle was examined in 19 japanese quail of the lwc strain, affected with an autosomal dominant inherited muscular disorder producing electrical myotonia. the muscle samples were obtained every 10 days from 20 to 70 days of age. muscle samples from 18 age-matched commercial quail were used as normal controls. characteristic histological lesions found in the skeletal muscles included sarcoplasmic masses, ringed fibres, interna ...	1995	8543670
effect of inducers and pcbs on the cytochrome p450 enzymes in cultured quail hepatocytes.	hepatocytes isolated from fetal quail livers (coturnix coturnix japonica) were cultured in vitro. their capacity to metabolize drugs and xenobiotics was explored with typical cytochrome p450 substrates: ethoxycoumarin (known to be metabolized by several p450s), ethoxyresorufin (essentially dealkylated by p450ia1), and testosterone (specifically hydroxylated at several positions by several p450s). the cells could be kept metabolically active in culture for at least 4 days. their drug-metabolizing ...	1995	8521782
metabolic adaptations induced by long-term fasting in quails.	after up to 21 days without food, adult male quails (coturnix coturnix japonica) lost about 45% of the initial body weight (100-150 g). as in naturally fast-adapted and larger birds, three phases were identified during prolonged fasting in quails. phase i lasted 2-3 days and was characterized by a rapid decrease in the rate of body weight loss and high fat mobilization. phase ii was longer and characterized by a slow and steady decline in the rates of body weight loss and of nitrogen excretion. ...	1995	7614041
bh (black at hatch) gene appears to cause whole-body hemorrhage in homozygous embryos of japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	genotypes of early embryos obtained from mating bh/+ quail were determined by chorio-allantoic membrane grafting of their thigh skin, and the development of the bh homozygous embryos was examined histologically. the bh homozygous embryos died at an early stage of development (after 7 to 10 days of incubation) with a very high incidence of whole-body hemorrhage (approximately 100%), but malformation of neural tubes was not always accompanied by bh homozygosity. degeneration of the liver was more ...	1995	7722476
mosaic lectin labelling in the quail collecting ducts.	morphological and histoenzymological differences have been observed between intercalated and principal cells of the quail coturnix coturnix japonica collecting ducts. the present study was designed to shed light on the lectin affinity of the collecting duct cells within cortex and medulla by the use of hrp-labelled lectins combined with glycosidase degradation. binding of pna and rca-i lectins consequent to enzymatic release of sialic acid revealed abundant sialylated carbohydrate moieties withi ...	1995	7541264
a quantitative investigation of gonadal feminization by diethylstilboestrol of genetically male embryos of the quail coturnix coturnix japonica.	the effect of diethylstilboestrol on gonad development in quail embryos has been quantitatively analysed. quail embryos at 4 days of incubation were treated with diethylstilboestrol (des), using the egg dipping method. at 10 days of incubation, embryos were removed and killed by decapitation. tissues were prepared for chromosome analysis, and the parts of the abdomen containing the gonads were prepared for serial sectioning and quantitative assessment. left gonads of des-treated male embryos res ...	1995	7616493
effects of insulin-like growth factor-i, estrogen, glucocorticoid, and transferrin on the mrna contents of ovalbumin and conalbumin in primary cultures of quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) oviduct cells.	the effects of estrogen, dexamethasone, insulin-like growth factor-i (igf-i), and transferrin on the messenger rna (mrna) contents of ovalbumin and conalbumin in primary cultures of quail oviduct cells were investigated. in the absence of one of the above hormones or factors, a decrease in ovalbumin mrna was prominent. in particular, removal of igf-i and transferrin caused a significant effect. studies using a combination of estrogen, dexamethasone, igf-i and transferrin indicated that igf-i coo ...	1995	7599964
photoperiodic activation of fos-like immunoreactive protein in neurones within the tuberal hypothalamus of japanese quail.	photoperiodic stimulation of quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) resulted in the appearance of a nuclear fos-like protein within neurones of the basal tuberal hypothalamus. on transfer to long days the number of neurones containing this fos-like immunoreactivity increased from about 150 to 700, the neurones being scattered throughout the length of the tubero-infundibular complex. this activation had occurred by early in the second long day and was maintained for at least three long days. over thi ...	1995	7823310
influence of dietary aflatoxin on eimeria uzura infection in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	a study was conducted to assess the influence of dietary aflatoxin on eimeria uzura in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica). quail receiving 1 part per million (ppm) of dietary aflatoxin b1 and inoculated with 10(5) sporulated oocysts of e. uzura gained significantly less weight than chicks receiving either aflatoxin or coccidia alone. increased morbidity, mortality and decreased efficiency of feed utilization were also evident. the combination of e. uzura infection and aflatoxicosis resu ...	1995	7732641
karyotypic analysis of three species of phasianidae (galliformes: aves).	the karyology of the partridges francolinus francolinus asiae (2n = 70) and f. pondicerianus interpositus (2n = 68) and the japanese quail coturnix coturnix japonica (2n = 78) was investigated. the frequency distribution of the diploid number of chromosomes was tabulated and the most frequent number was taken to be the diploid number. all species showed a bimodal karyotype and the variation in the number of chromosomes was attributed to the macrochromosomes, although twelve macrochromosomes were ...	1995	7671640
organophosphorus-induced delayed neurotoxicity: a comparative study of the effects of tri-ortho-tolyl phosphate and triphenyl phosphite on the central nervous system of the japanese quail.	the neurotoxic effects of single oral doses of tri-ortho-tolyl phosphate (totp) (500 mg/kg body weight) or single subcutaneous injections of triphenyl phosphite (tpp) (62.5-500 mg/kg body weight) were investigated in the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica). oral doses of totp resulted in no detectable clinical signs while injections of tpp resulted in mild ataxia to severe paralysis depending upon the dosage level. at 24 hr postdosing, whole-brain activity of neuropathy target esterase ( ...	1995	7603644
triphenyl phosphite-induced neuropathy in the avian forebrain: a silver impregnation study of the visual and auditory systems of the japanese quail.	single subcutaneous injections of triphenyl phosphite (tpp) (62.5-500 mg/kg body weight) were made in the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica). the extent and density of resultant central nervous system degeneration were mapped by using the fink-heimer silver impregnation method to selectively impregnate degenerating axons and terminals. in addition to resulting in degeneration in the medulla and cerebellum, exposure to tpp also resulted in axonal and terminal degeneration in specific mid ...	1995	7603630
changes in retinal dopaminergic cells and dopamine rhythmic metabolism during the development of a glaucoma-like disorder in quails.	to examine the possible correlation between a dysfunction of the daily rhythm of retinal dopamine (da) and the development of a glaucoma-like disorder in an animal model, the al mutant quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	1996	8843918
molecular cloning of quek 1 and 2, two quail vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf) receptor-like molecules.	we have previously reported the cloning of two partial cdnas corresponding to two quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) receptor tyrosine kinases (rtks), named quek 1 and quek 2, and their expression in endothelial cells of the early avian embryo. we here report the cloning of the full-size cdnas for both molecules. sequence comparison shows that quek 1 and 2 share an overall amino acid (aa) identity of 49%. they both comprise seven extracellular immunoglobulin-like (ig-like) domains, a single tran ...	1996	8863722
paired pineals in the developing quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) embryos.	paired pineals were observed as an anomaly in embryonic quail brains between 7 and 9 days of incubation. the size of each pineal was almost the same as that of the normal pineal and it was located slightly lateral of the midline. histological examination of these paired pineals revealed that both had similar cytological features in comparison with the normal pineal of the same developmental stage. no abnormal features were detected in brains and eyes of the embryos with paired pineals. since the ...	1996	8940911
inherited muscular disorder in mutant japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica): an immunohistochemical study.	cryostat sections of myofibres from the musculus pectoralis thoracicus of a newly established mutant strain (lwc) of japanese quail with a myotonic dystrophy-like myopathy were labelled with antibody against myosin heavy chain (mhc) isoforms and neural cell adhesion molecule (n-cam). the characteristic lesions found in sections of muscle of lwc quail stained with haematoxylin and eosin were type 2b fibre atrophy, sarcoplasmic masses, and ring fibres. immunohistochemical examination failed to dis ...	1996	8910742
body weights, carcase characteristics, organ weights, abdominal fat, and lipid content of liver and carcase in two lines of japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica), unselected and selected for four week body weight.	1. the present study was conducted on quails to evaluate the effects of line and sex on body weight, carcase characteristics and organ weights and also to evaluate the effect of line on sex organs, and on carcase and liver lipid content of male quails. 2. chicks of both sexes were weighed weekly until 6 weeks when they were slaughtered. carcase yield, parts yield and measurement, weight of liver, heart, gizzard, abdominal fat and sex organs were obtained. carcase and liver lipid content of male ...	1996	8842465
ultrastructural modifications in cultured fetal quail hepatocytes exposed to pesticides and pcbs.	there is increasing interest in cultured hepatocytes as a tool for solving toxicological and pharmacological problems while reducing laboratory animal experimentation. in the present study, fetal hepatocytes from the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) were used as an in vitro alternative model for evaluating the effects of pcbs and various pesticide-type chemicals on cell ultrastructure. major alterations were demonstrated. the most striking effects of toxicants were an increase in the ...	1996	8812180
proliferation of granulosa and thecal cells in germinal disc and non-disc regions during follicular growth in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica): bromodeoxyuridine incorporation in situ.	proliferation of granulosa and thecal cells was analysed during ovarian follicular growth in laying japanese quail. the birds were injected intraperitoneally with bromodeoxyuridine (brdu) 10 or 4 h before ovulation, that is, before or after a preovulatory lh surge, respectively, and incorporation of brdu by follicular tissues was detected immunocytochemically. cells labelled with brdu were seldom seen in the most immature follicles in the ovarian cortex, whereas many granulosa and thecal cells w ...	1996	8699425
divergent selection for body weight and yolk precursor in coturnix coturnix japonica. 11. correlated responses over thirty generations.	japanese quail lines were divergently selected for 4-wk bw (hw and lw lines) and plasma yolk precursor [total plasma phosphorus (tpp); hp and lp lines] for 30 generations. the base population was a randombred control line (r1) that was maintained along with the selected lines. sublines were established from the ninth selected generation of hw by continuing to select males for increased 4-wk bw and selecting females for increased (hw-hp line) or decreased (hw-lp line) tpp. correlated responses ov ...	1996	8786935