Publications

cytological differentiation of the interrenal tissue of the japanese quail, coturnix coturnix.	as reported for several other avian species there are clearly distinguishable subcapsular (scz) and inner (iz) zones of interrenal tissue in the japanese quail. the scz contains large columnar cells (type i) with rounded nuclei, polymorphic mitochondria with shelf-like cristae, and relatively small numbers of lipid droplets. the iz contains two and possibly three types of cells. type ii consists of large columnar cells with moderately dense cytoplasm containing large numbers of lipid droplets an ...	1980	6249499
[effect of testosterone on the rna polymerase i and ii activity of the uropygial and cloacal glands of the male quail (coturnix coturnix japonica)].		1981	7250682
[the sinuatrial node of the avian heart (author's transl)].	comparative histologic observations were made of the sinuatrial nodes of avian hearts from a short-tailed shearwater (puffinus tenuirostris), a black-crowned night heron (nycticorax nycticorax), two ducks (anas platyrhycha domestica), eight japanese quails (coturnix coturnix japonica), a pigeon (columba livia domestica), a macaw (ara macao), three budgerigars (melopsittacus undulatus) and a jungle crow (corvus macrorhynchos). the node lies between the right atrial myocardium and epicardium at th ...	1981	7318931
amino acid sequences containing cysteine or cystine residues in ovalbumin from eggs of the quail coturnix coturnix japonica.	ovalbumin isolated from eggs of the japanese quail, c. c. japonica, was subjected to limited proteolysis by subtilisin to give plakalbumin and then fractionated on sephadex g75 in acid-urea to give plakalbumin s-protein and s-peptide. the plakalbumin peptide was recovered, oxidized with performic acid, and the sequence of amino acids determined from the peptides formed by enzyme digestion. there were two cysteine residues in the 33-residue sequence. the ovalbumin was also oxidized with performic ...	1981	7340765
some epidemiological aspects of salmonella gallinarum infection in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).		1981	7342580
attenuation of turkey meningo-encephalitis virus in bhk21 cells.	turkey meningo-encephalitis virus was adapted to bhk21 cell culture. cytopathic effects were characterized by rounding and detachment of cells within 48 hours. attenuation was achieved by 41 successive passages in bhk21 cell cultures. turkeys and japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica), kept under laboratory conditions and inoculated with the attenuated virus, did not develop symptoms of turkey meningo-encephalitis but reacted by the production of haemagglutination inhibition antibody. they ...	1981	6273772
[transmission of marek's disease to wild feathered game].	the following wild feathered game were tested from 6 to 12 months of age: common pheasant (phasianus colchicus), common gray partridge (perdix perdix), european quail (coturnix coturnix), and greek partridge (alectoris graeca). only pheasant was found to be susceptible to infection with a virulent virus of marek's disease. in this bird the first clinical symptoms of the disease (nervous changes) were observed in 28 days from infection. immunoprecipitation antibodies to the marek's disease virus ...	1981	6275596
toxic effects of acrylamide in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).		1981	7265318
[tolerance of mebendazole, fenbendazole, thiabendazole, cambendazole and febantel in relation to egg-laying capacity, egg quality, fertility and hatch rate of quail (coturnix coturnix japonica)].		1981	6895027
sites and action spectra for encephalic photoreception in the japanese quail.	sexually mature japanese quail, coturnix coturnix japonica, were transferred to short environmental photoperiod for 20 days, during which they received encephalic illumination via surgically implanted optic fibers. white light delivered to discrete sites in the basal hypothalamus induced photogonadal response for testicular maintenance. there was also a strong positive response to monochromatic red, green, or blue light delivered to these areas, and this response was of equal magnitude regardles ...	1981	7212094
[effect of fasting on the main blood and liver metabolites of gluconeogenesis and ketogenesis in the adult domestic quail (coturnix coturnix japonica)].	the changes in the main plasma and liver metabolites of gluconeogenesis and ketogenesis have been studied in quails during 72-hr starvation. in those conditions, glycaemia barely decreased, whereas liver glycogen and plasma and liver lactate dropped, suggesting that lactate was utilized extensively for gluconeogenesis. in contrast, plasma alanine decreased only slightly. during starvation, plasma free fatty acids and cholesterol were significantly enhanced, whereas plasma triglycerides decreased ...	1981	7349537
teratological examination of agricultural pesticides on japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) eggs.		1981	7342740
humoral and cell-mediated immune function in adult japanese quail following exposure to 2.45-ghz microwave radiation during embryogeny.	japanese quail, coturnix coturnix japonica, eggs were subjected to 2.45-ghz cw microwave radiation at 5 mw/cm2 (sar = 4.03 mw/g) during the first 12 days of embryogeny. following hatching the exposed embryos, as well as nonexposed controls, were reared to 22 weeks of age. humoral immune potential, as indicated by comparable anti-crbc antibody, igm and igg, levels at 0, 4, and 7 days postimmunization in both exposed and control quail was not affected significantly. however, cell-mediated immune p ...	1981	7306223
[electron microscopic studies of striated muscles of the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) obtained from eggs centrifuged during incubation].	reported in this paper are results obtained from investigations into the effect of hypergravitation on embryogenesis of striped muscles in japanese quail. specimens of striped muscles were excised from the birds after hatching and used in the study. the eggs had been centrifuged on zero day as well as on the first and 15th days of incubation. the muscle fibrils were found to proliferate in all groups, that is the control group, the group with centrifugation on zero day, and that with centrifugat ...	1981	7283640
normal eeg of the restrained twenty-four-hour-old japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	a new method for obtaining bipolar electroencephalographic (eeg) recordings from day-old japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) is described. the electrodes are chronically placed stainless steel suture wires sewn into the skull and secured with dental acrylic. using this arrangement, recordings were made over the hyperstriatum accessorum and dorsoarchistriatum regions of the brain. these records showed a preponderance of high amplitude slow waves. transitions to low amplitude fast waves we ...	1981	7232267
immunocytochemical localization of neurotensin-containing neurons in the hypothalamus of the japanese quail, coturnix coturnix japonica.	the hypothalamus of japanese quail, coturnix coturnix japonica, has been studied by means of the peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunocytochemical method, with the use of antibodies to synthetic neurotensin (nt). a number of immunoreactive neuronal perikarya occur in the medial preoptic nucleus of the rostral hypothalamus and a few in the accessory part of paraventricular nucleus and dorsal portion of the infundibular nucleus. some of them correspond to the parvocellular neurons previously identified ...	1981	7018692
histochemistry of uterovaginal sperm-host glands in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) with reference to the period of oviposition.	general histochemistry of uterovaginal sperm-host glands (shg) of japanese quail was examined in virgin and naturally mated hens and during oviposition in artificially inseminated hens. the shg tissues were stained for complex carbohydrates with periodic acid - schiff (pas); for lipids with oil red o (oro); and for acid phosphatase (ap) with as-tr phosphate substrate. typically, pas material was absent from shg cells, shg showed preferential uptake of oro, and the stain was seen as discrete drop ...	1981	7199147
the regulation of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol metabolism in the kidney of japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) by sex hormones and by parathyroid extract.		1981	6973503
failure to induce incubation behavior with estradiol and prolactin and hormonal induction of brood patches in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).		1981	7286622
separation of serum lipoproteins of japanese quail by disc polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and single discontinuous density gradient ultracentrifugation.	a method based on disc polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (disc page) for the separation of serum lipoproteins of japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) prestained with sudan black b is described and evaluated. good separation was obtained by using 3% separating gel and decreasing the concentration of buffer solution a used for preparation of separating gel solution to one-half that recommended by narayan (1975). best resolution of the high density lipoproteins was achieved by using 7 to 10 ...	1982	7163117
effects of ddt, polychlorinated biphenyls and thiouracil on circulating thyroid hormones, thyroid histology and eggshell quality in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).		1982	6817931
divergent selection for body weight and yolk precursor in coturnix coturnix japonica. 3. correlated responses in mortality, reproduction traits, and adult body weight.	egg production, mature body weight, egg weight, yolk weight, fertility, hatchability, and mortality during the early growing period were compared in strains of japanese quail. the strains were either a randombred control (r1) that served as the base population or strains divergently selected for high (hw) or low (lw) 4-week body weight or high (hp) or low (lp) plasma phosphorus (yolk precursor) early in the laying period. changes in 4-week body weight in hw and lw were associated with correspond ...	1982	7163098
atherosclerosis in cholesterol-fed japanese quail: evidence for amelioration by dietary vitamin e.	three experiments were conducted with adult, male japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) from 5 through 14 weeks of age. in experiment 1, quail fed a cholesterol-free diet were compared with quail fed .5% of united states pharmacopoeias (usp), recrystallized (rcr), or oxidized (oxi) cholesterol preparations. in experiment 2, .5% oxi cholesterol was fed alone and with .1% butylated hydroxytoluene (bht) or 100 mg d-alpha-tocopherol acetate/kg of diet and compared with .5% rcr cholesterol. exp ...	1982	7178001
aspects of "fear" in japanese quail chicks (coturnix coturnix japonica) genetically selected for different levels of locomotor activity.	domestic chicks selected for high and low locomotor activity in a novel environment have low and high levels of fearfulness, respectively. using four commonly employed methods of estimating fear, namely emergence, open-field, response to a bell and tonic immobility tests, we found a similar effect in lines of japanese quail selected for high and low locomotor activity, i.e. the active line appeared the least fearful. the present findings demonstrate that this effect is common to two gallinaceous ...	1982	24923180
[comparative study of the effect of glucocorticoids on nitrogen metabolism in adult male and non-laying female quail (coturnix coturnix japonica)].	the effects of glucocorticoids on nitrogen metabolism have been studied in three different groups of quail: a) control animals; b) quail treated with cortisol; c) quail treated with corticosterone. all the experiments were carried out in adult male and non-laying female animals. during the 7 day period that the experiments lasted, hormones were administered daily by via oral at 4 mg/100 g body weight/7 day doses. while body weight, food intake, nitrogen balance and liver weight, in the treated a ...	1982	7156453
effects of sulfaguanidine and amino acid imbalances on the induction of niacin deficiency in mature and immature japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	effects of sulfaguanidine, leucine, or leucine plus isoleucine in a niacin free diet on body weight changes, liver weight, pyridine nucleotide concentrations, and activities of enzymes in mature female or immature japanese quail were measured. the inclusion of .5% of sulfaguanidine or a high level of leucine in a niacin free diet had no influence during an 8-week period on liver pyridine nucleotide levels and the development of niacin deficiency symptoms in mature female quail. this would sugges ...	1982	7134112
[the effect of water soluble trichloromonofluoromethane freon on the weight and proteins of the heart muscle in japanese quail].	an experiment was conducted to study the effects of water-soluble trichloromonofluoromethane freon (f-11, cc13f) on the weight of heart and on the level of freely extractable proteins in the heart of japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica). after three-week sublethal exposure of japanese quail to the effect of freon the heart weight of the tested birds was found to have markedly decreased (however, the total body weight of the birds did not decrease). the tested quail also showed pronounced ...	1982	6803425
decreased synaptic areas on purkinje spines in the cerebellar cortex of the mutant japanese quail, coturnix coturnix japonica.	'dark frayed feather nervous disorder' (dn) is a neurological mutation in quails in which the cerebellar cortex is abnormally organized. purkinje cells are not aligned in a single row and show hypoplasia of the dendrites. the synapses between the parallel fibers and the spines of the purkinje cell dendrites were examined with the technique of serial sections in electron microscopy. the postsynaptic thickenings were obviously decreased in the mutant quail despite the same density and size of dend ...	1982	7055694
postnatal growth and organ development in the quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	in a previous study it has been shown that the pattern of organ growth of the goose, a species with a high growth rate factor, is characterized by a rapid early development of the digestive organs and the liver. the present study describes the postnatal growth and the pattern of organ development of the quail, a species with a low growth rate factor. the results show that the pattern of organ growth is characterized by a rapid early development of the wings, pectorals and feathers. these results ...	1982	7173707
genetic variation in a population of the wild quail coturnix coturnix japonica.	to investigate genetic variation and to compare it with those of domestic quail populations, enzymatic and non-enzymatic proteins in a wild quail population were examined electrophoretically. the wild quail population had a genetic variability considerably lower than those of domestic populations. the average heterozygosity estimated for 22 loci was 0.090 in the wild quail population.	1982	7149337
divergent selection for body weight and yolk precursor in coturnix coturnix japonica. 2. correlated responses in plasma lipoproteins and lipids.	lipoproteins from generations five and six of japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) divergently selected for increased (hw) or decreased (lw) body weight at 4 weeks of age or increased (hp) or decreased (lp) plasma yolk precursor at the initiation of egg production were separated into fractions of d less than 1.006 and d greater than 1.006. a randombred control (r1) was also sampled. total lipids (tl), neutral lipids (nl), and phospholipids (pl) were determined. the nl's of the d less than ...	1982	7088780
an analysis of satellite cell content in the semimembranosus muscle of japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) selected for rapid growth.	transverse sections of the semimembranosus muscle of a control (c) line of japanese quail and of a line (p) selected for high body weight at 4 weeks of age were observed for nuclear content. the two lines were sampled at 4 days posthatching and at 4 weeks of age. the relative number of satellite cells decreased from 4 days to 4 weeks of age. the total number of satellite cells, however, appeared to increase as muscle length increased; this relation was not influenced by line effects. it was conc ...	1982	7080801
[toxicity and certain physiopathologic effects of 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid, an organo-chlorine herbicide, in the adult domestic quail (coturnix coturnix japonica)].	the effects of 2,4,5-t on adult japanese quail have been studied. the herbicide was administered daily in oral dosages at level of 100 mg/kg per day for two weeks (five days a week). in these experimental conditions, this compound was moderately toxic, the rate of mortality was low. however, we noticed a significant reduction in food consumption, body weight and egg production. the physiological disturbances resulting from the toxicological treatment are reversible.	1982	6217874
the energy costs of temperature regulation in birds: the influence of quick sinusoidal temperature fluctuations on the gaseous metabolism of the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	1. quick sinusoidal temperature fluctuations (constant average 10 degrees c) cause an increase in metabolism in comparison to an invariable constant ambient temperature of the same dimension. 2. at the observed mean value of 10 degrees c metabolism is increased by 0.8% per 1 k/hr based on the values of resting metabolic rate (correlation: m = 53.5 + 0.445 ta, m in j/k g hr, ta = ambient temperature change in k/hr) and 0.6% based on the values of activity metabolism (m = 70.4 + 0.425 ta). 3. the ...	1982	6120786
cryptosporidiosis in quails.	cryptosporidial infection was diagnosed in a flock of 4-week-old common quails (corturnix cortunix). the main gross pathological changes were excess mucus in the trachea, nasal mucosal congestion and shrunken bursa of fabricius (bursa cloacalis). microscopically, the main changes were epithelial deciliation and hyperplasia and inflammatory cell infiltration of the lamina propria in the trachea, bronchi and nasal cavity; epithelial hyperplasia in some oesophageal and salivary glands, and epitheli ...	1982	18770229
method of determining the osmotic fragility curves of erythrocytes in birds.	the osmotic fragility of erythrocytes in 3 species of birds (gallus gallus domesticus, coturnix coturnix japonica, columba livia) and the rat was determined. the results of this study point to a smaller osmotic fragility. birds, with elliptical erythrocytes, have a lower osmotic fragility than species with round erythrocytes, like most of the mammals.	1982	7062710
production, transport, maturation, storage and survival of spermatozoa in the male japanese quail, coturnix coturnix.	male japanese quail have relatively large testes (2.26% of body weight), a rapid rate of spermatogenesis (14.4-15.8 days) and an efficient production of spermatozoa (92.5 x 10(6)/g testis per day). the daily output of spermatozoa is high (308 x 10(6) per bird, 2.08 x 10(6) per g body weight). the total number of extragonadal spermatozoa was 308 x 22 x 10(6) per bird. spermatozoa were transported through the genital ducts in about 1 day, maturing quickly in the epididymal region and stored briefl ...	1982	7069651
outbreaks of fowl cholera in quail.	acute fowl cholera causing high mortality was diagnosed in three flocks of quail, one involving pharaoh quail (coturnix coturnix) and two involving bobwhite quail (colinus virginianus). the causative organism, pasteurella multocida, was identified as type 3.	1982	7092741
color-opponent responses in the avian lateral geniculate: a study in the quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	extracellular recordings were made from cells in the ventral lateral geniculate (glv) of the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica), and their responses studied with chromatic stimuli. a total of 156 units were studied, and of these, 124 were found to be optimally responsive to changes in hue, and not to changes of contrast or motion of the stimuli in their receptive fields. these chromatic responses can be characterized as follows: (1) they have large (average 15 degrees x 15 degrees) rece ...	1982	7127125
the rete testis of birds.	the rete testis in the domestic fowl (gallus gallus domesticus), japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica), guinea-fowl (numida meleagris galeata) and drake (anas platyrhynchos) was studied histologically and with both the scanning and transmission electron microscopes. all the birds have rete epithelial cells varying between squamous and high cuboidal. a cilium-like structure projects from the luminal portion of most cells into the rete lumen, and the outline of the cells varies from polygona ...	1982	7130060
dietary ferulic acid, biochanin a, and the inhibition of reproductive behavior in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix).	a study was conducted to determine the effects to two dietary compounds, biochanin a and ferulic acid, on the reproductive performance of japanese quail, coturnix coturnix. these compounds may be present in the diet of wild birds during dry years or at the end of the growing season during normal years. four treatment groups, each fed a diet supplemented with biochanin a or ferulic acid, and a control group were tested for morphological and behavioral effects before, during and after treatment. f ...	1982	7146045
5 beta-dihydrotestosterone is weakly androgenic in the adult japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).		1982	7160608
isolation of ureaplasmas from poultry and experimental infection in chickens.	ureaplasmas were isolated from the oropharynxes of 47 of 247 (19 per cent) leghorn chickens (gallus gallus domesticus) and from five japanese bantams but none was isolated from the oropharynx or cloaca of other poultry comprising 10 japanese game, 75 common quails (coturnix coturnix japonica), 17 turkeys (meleagris gallopavo) and 10 guinea fowls (numida galeata). in apparently healthy chickens, ureaplasmas were found at various sites, including the conjunctiva, nasal cavity, oropharynx, upper an ...	1982	6211817
immunohistochemical localization of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (vip)-containing neurons in the hypothalamus of the japanese quail, coturnix coturnix.	the localization of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (vip) in the hypothalamus of the quail has been studied by means of light- and electron-microscopic immunohistochemistry. numerous vip-immunoreactive perikarya are distributed in the caudal portion of the nucleus infundibularis (n. tuberis) and nucleus mamillaris lateralis, and sparse in the preoptic area, nucleus supraopticus and nucleus paraventricularis. dense localization of immunoreactive-vip fibers is observed in the external layer of t ...	1982	7127414
effect of pyrethroid insecticides and n-(3,5-dichlorophenyl) dicarboximide fungicides on microsomal drug-metabolizing enzymes in the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix).		1983	6640144
ipsilateral retinal projections in japanese quail, coturnix coturnix japonica.	ipsilateral retinal projections were investigated in japanese quails by means of the fink-heimer method after retinal extirpation, and by means of direct injection of horseradish peroxidase or cobalt ion-tophoresis into the optic nerve. ipsilateral projections were found in the nucleus lateralis anterior thalami, nucleus dorsolateralis anterior thalami pars lateralis, nucleus geniculatus lateralis pars ventralis, nucleus lentiformis mesencephali pars magnocellularis and nucleus ectomamillaris. n ...	1983	6824967
generalized glycogen storage disease in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	two japanese quail which were incapable of wing movement and three normal quail were examined by histological and ultrastructural methods. the diseased birds had glycogen deposits in their skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and nerve cells of the brain and spinal cord. according to the distribution of the lesions and the characteristics of the deposited glycogen, the diseased birds had glycogenosis which was analogous to type ii found in man. the usefulness of this disease as a mode ...	1983	6576505
testosterone stimulation of dna-dependent dna polymerase activities in the cloacal and uropygial glands of the male quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	dna polymerase alpha and beta activities were studied and compared in the cloacal gland and the uropygial gland (sebaceous-like gland) taken from castrated quails after testosterone administration. in the cloacal gland, testosterone induced an important increase in dna polymerase alpha while dna polymerase beta was not found to be altered. in the uropygial gland, testosterone induced a cyclic variation of dna polymerase alpha activity which may relate to the holocrine function of this gland.	1983	6628976
n tau-methyl histidine excretion by poultry: not all species excrete n tau-methyl histidine quantitatively.	the rate of elimination of administered n tau-[14ch3]methyl histidine was used to assess the validity of n tau-methyl histidine excretion as an index of muscle protein breakdown in poultry. broiler chicks (2-3 and 4-5 weeks old), laying hens, adult quail (coturnix coturnix japonica), adult cockerels and turkey poults (2-4 weeks old) were tested. all except the turkey poults showed quantitative recoveries of n tau-[14ch3]methyl histidine within 1 week. turkeys showed a different pattern of n tau- ...	1983	6639927
vertebrate host specificity and experimental vectors of plasmodium (novyella) kempi sp. n. from the eastern wild turkey in iowa.	vertebrate host specificity, experimental laboratory vectors, and a description of plasmodium (novyella) kempi sp. n. from eastern wild turkeys (meleagris gallopavo silvestris vieillot) in iowa are presented. plasmodium kempi is infective for domestic turkeys, bobwhites (colinus virginianus), chukars (alectoris graeca), guinea fowl (numida meleagris), peacocks (pavo cristatus), and canaries (serinus canaria), produces a transient infection in mallards (anas platyrhynchos) and domestic geese (ans ...	1983	6644918
genetic selection, general characterization, and histology of atherosclerosis-susceptible and -resistant japanese quail.	a new animal model of atherosclerosis has been developed through genetic selection of japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) into susceptible (sus) and resistant (res) lines. characterization of the selected quail has shown that the res birds were resistant to the disease and developed little atherosclerosis on a diet containing 1% cholesterol. the sus birds were sensitive and developed severe atherosclerosis in 8-9 wks on a diet containing only 0.5% cholesterol. the histology of the progre ...	1983	6651912
septicemic proteus infection in japanese quail chicks (coturnix coturnix japonica).	proteus infection was incriminated as the cause of severe depression, coma, and high mortality in successive broods of quail chicks. the pathological lesions comprised congestion of lungs, liver, and kidneys and mucus exudation in the trachea. the organism, isolated from the heart blood and lungs of affected chicks, was identified on biochemical tests as proteus mirabilis. pathogenicity of the isolate was tested in young albino mice and week-old quail chicks, which succumbed to infection within ...	1983	6342594
comparison of plasma thyroxine levels following short exposure to cold and trh administration in intact and pituitary autografted quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	the thyrotropic functional abilities of ectopically transplanted anterior pituitaries were tested by subjecting quail bearing their adenohypophysis in juxtarenal position either to a short cold exposure or to an intravenous injection of trh. thyroxine was determined in plasma samples collected from 20 to 120 min after treatment. intact birds exhibited increasing t4 levels up to a peak at 40 min, then decreasing slowly within 2 hr after either cold or trh stimulation. autografted birds exhibited ...	1983	6402416
atherosclerosis in japanese quail and the effect of lipoic acid.	the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) is a useful laboratory animal for the study of atherosclerosis. it is small, omnivorous, easy to maintain, and susceptible to either spontaneous or cholesterol-induced atherosclerosis, and it has a low feed consumption and short life cycle. it develops atheromatous lesions with the characteristic lipid deposition and myofibroblastic proliferation in the aorta and sometimes in the coronary artery. japanese quail can be genetically bred into lines hi ...	1983	6404656
erythrocytic phosphates and flying activity in birds.	1. the intraerythrocitary organic phosphates in different avian species (sturnus vulgaris, apus apus, gallus gallus domesticus, coturnix coturnix japonica and columba livia) were analyzed by ionic exchange chromatography. the chromatograms of these species revealed the presence of adp, atp, gtp, ipp and inorganic phosphate. 2. the main organic phosphates (atp and ipp) and the inorganic phosphate were also evaluated, directly, in other specimens. the ipp levels were very similar in all species; h ...	1983	6132731
cutaneous water evaporation--i. its significance in heat-stressed birds.	in a comparative study on avian cutaneous evaporation, two species of phasianidae, japanese quail coturnix coturnix japonica and chukar partridge alectoris chukar, and three species of columbidae, palm dove streptopelia senegalensis, collared turtle dove streptopelia decaocto and rock pigeon columbia livia, were investigated. the skin resistance to vapor diffusion (rs) and cutaneous water loss (cwl) were studied in these birds exposed to air temperatures (ta) between 20 and 52 degrees c. the ski ...	1983	6136378
surface marker for hemopoietic and endothelial cell lineages in quail that is defined by a monoclonal antibody.	a mouse monoclonal antibody raised in response to quail immunoglobulin mu chain was found to exhibit a broad reactivity towards hemopoietic and endothelial cells in the quail (coturnix coturnix japonica). indirect immunofluorescence assays were performed at several stages of embryonic development and until 3 weeks after hatching, on either isolated cells or tissue sections. they revealed that the defined surface marker, referred to as mb1, (i) is expressed early on both intra- and extraembryonic ...	1983	6190166
histochemical analysis of liver cells from short term, aflatoxin-dosed and nondosed coturnix coturnix japonica. 1. aflatoxin-sensitive quail.	although aflatoxicosis in coturnix coturnix japonica has been described, the histochemical localization of liver chemicals and the occurrence of ingested aflatoxins within blood, feces, and liver have not been described. six to 8-week-old quail, which were intubated with a carrier with or without .3 mg mixed aflatoxins (afb1, afb2, afg1, afg2)/kg body weight were sacrificed within .25 to 5 days of intubation. deparaffinized sections of livers were stained for lipids, nucleic acids, polysaccharid ...	1983	6669501
normal egg hatchability requires the simultaneous administration to the hen of 1 alpha,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol and 24r,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol.	a previous report [science 201, 835-837 (1978)] presented evidence that the combined and simultaneous administration of the cholecalciferol (d3) metabolites 1 alpha,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol [1 alpha,25(oh)2d3] and 24r,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol [24r,25(oh)2d3] to white leghorn hens was necessary for embryo development and normal egg hatchability; in the absence of 24r,25(oh)2d3 none of the fertile eggs hatched. the present study extends this fundamental observation to a second species, the j ...	1983	6606700
testosterone metabolism in discrete areas of the hypothalamus and adjacent brain regions of male and female japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	the metabolism of testosterone in small regions of the hypothalamus was studied by an in vitro radioenzymatic assay in male and female japanese quail. 5 beta-reduction was the most important metabolic pathway. this enzymatic activity is not evenly distributed in the brain: it shows a rostral to caudal decrease. there is some suggestion that 5 beta-reduction could be more active in females than in males which could contribute to the behavioral dimorphism in this species.	1983	6640325
norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin in brain parts of female japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) as found by two dissimilar fluorometric procedures.	two dissimilar fluorometric procedures were used to compare norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin in the telencephalon, diencephalon, cerebellum, and brain stem of female japanese quail. amount of norepinephrine in the telencephalon and brain stem was similar using both procedures, but more norepinephrine was found in the cerebellum and diencephalon by the jacobowitz-richardson method compared to the anton-sayre method. serotonin could not be determined using the anton-sayre procedure but was ...	1983	6657568
reproduction in male japanese quail exposed to microwave radiation during embryogeny.	japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) embryos were exposed continuously to 2.45 ghz cw microwave radiation during the first 12 days of embryogenesis. the incident power density was 5 mw/cm2, and the specific absorption rate (sar) was 4.03 mw/g. at 23 weeks of age an assessment of the reproductive capacity of the males was performed. spermatozoal numbers and motility in semen samples which were collected manually were reduced significantly (p less than or equal to 0.01). however, spermatozo ...	1983	6622655
divergent selection for body weight and yolk precursor in coturnix coturnix japonica. 5. correlated responses in adult body weight, liver weight, ovarian follicle production, and carcass composition of laying hens.	laying female quail of five strains (r-1, randombred control; hp and lp, high or low concentration of egg yolk very low density lipoprotein (vldl) precursor in laying females: hw and lw, high or low 4-week body weight) were sampled after 120 days of egg production for body weight, liver weight, ovarian follicle production, and carcass composition. body weight change during the reproductive period was associated with starting body weight, but not with yolk vldl precursor (total plasma phosphorus) ...	1983	6634615
divergent selection for egg production in coturnix coturnix japonica.	from a randombred control population of coturnix coturnix japonica, strains were divergently selected for high (he) and low (le) 120-day egg production based on individual egg records. based on five generations of selection, realized heritabilities for he and le were .063 +/- .055 and .353 +/- .020, respectively. the total change in number of eggs was 3 and -19, respectively, in he and le. mortality to 4 weeks of age, 4-week body weight, egg weight, total plasma phosphorus (yolk precursor), live ...	1983	6634594
ultrastructural aspects of dental tissues and their behavior in xenoplastic association (lizard quail).	ultrastructural characteristics of tooth buds of the polyphyodont adult lizards liolaemus tenuis and liolaemus gravenhorsti have been elucidated. xenoplastic combinations of lizard whole tooth buds and neural crest cells from embryos of the quail coturnix coturnix japonica have been cultured in vitro. mesenchymal cells (preodontoblasts) of lizard teeth early develop filopodia that contact the basal lamina. fragments of quail neural crest isolated by dissection were recombined with isolated lizar ...	1983	6887261
the post-natal differentiation of sexual behaviour in the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	an experiment was carried out to study the contribution of endogenous steroids during postnatal life to the sexual differentiation in japanese quail. male and female quail were gonadectomized at one week of age and when adult received testosterone silastic capsules. seventy seven percent of these females showed male-type sexual behaviour and 46 percent even copulated. all males showed sexual behaviour including cloacal contact movements. males and females grew cloacal glands of nearly identical ...	1983	24897321
experimental analysis of control mechanisms in somite segmentation in avian embryos. i. reduction of material at the blastula stage in coturnix coturnix japonica.	the blastulae of unincubated eggs of the quail, coturnix coturnix japonica, have been bisected in ovo, using the technique of lutz (1949). some embryos were harvested after 24 h and found to possess two primitive streaks. most were fixed at 48 h or 72 h. some were found to have regulated to form almost normal single axes, whilst others had developed into duplicitas anterior embryos, separate twins or collided axes. all three types of twinned embryos were smaller than the control embryos. the num ...	1983	6684143
a new mutant of japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) characterized by generalized glycogenosis.	a flock of japanese quail with generalized glycogenosis has been established. affected quail showed difficulty in raising their wings. excessive accumulation of glycogen was seen in the liver, heart, skeletal muscle and brain, apparently due to decreased acid maltase activity. the condition appeared between 2 and 12 weeks of age and tissue deposition of glycogen increased with age. the growth of affected quail was normal and there were no deaths from the condition. although genetic analysis has ...	1983	6575219
[ca-p interaction at the nutritional and bone levels in male quail (coturnix coturnix japonica)].	five experiments were conducted in which various levels of calcium (ca) and phosphorus (p) were fed to adult male quail (diets d-1: ca = 1.54%, p = 0.80%; d-2: ca = 3.20%, p = 0.81%; d-3: ca = 1.57%, p = 1.66%; d-4: ca = 3.40%, p = 1.71%; d-5: ca - 2.20%, p = 0.81%). the interaction between ca and p, and the effect on some nutritive hematic and osseous parameters were investigated for each diet. feeding high p caused a body weight decrease in d-4 adult quail (p less than 0.05) and diminished foo ...	1983	6867439
cytoarchitecture and visual receptive neurons in the wulst of the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	the cellular organization of the wulst was studied in nissl- and golgi-stained brain sections in order to identify the visual receptive neurons. golgi-impregnated neurons were divided into four types according to their soma size, dendritic configuration, and density of spine distribution. type i neurons, the largest cells in the wulst, have long, straight dendrites with many spines. type ii neurons are medium-sized cells with long, straight dendrites. these dendrites have numerous spines. type i ...	1983	6302136
[topography of the quail retina].	retinas of quails (coturnix coturnix japonica) were studied by light microscopy. by this, an area centralis with high cell density could be demonstrated. moreover, in the posterior-superior retina there exists a region of moderate cell density containing a central red field with a high concentration of cones with red oil droplets. the results suggest the quail to be able to fix objects lateral to its head and in front of its bill in direction of picking.	1983	6673390
changes in glucose and lipid metabolism in starved or starved-refed japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) in relation to fine structure of liver cells.	1. metabolic response of adult quail to fasting or refeeding was studied by measuring the main blood and hepatic metabolites. moreover, the fine structure of hepatocytes in these physiological conditions was described. 2. starvation or refeeding did not affect glycemia in male as in female quails. 3. fasting had no effect on plasma free fatty acids in female quails, whereas plasma triglycerides were markedly decreased. 4. in fasted quails, there was an active ketogenesis with a high 3-hydroxybut ...	1983	6132730
effects of leu5-enkephalin on natural and angiotensin ii-induced drinking in the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	natural drinking behavior was inhibited by intracranial (ic) injections of leu5-enkephalin (len) (30 and 60 micrograms/100 g) for 60 min, but not by iv injections (30 and 100 micrograms/100 g) in the japanese quail. drinking induced by angiotensin ii (aii) (30 and 50 micrograms/bird, ip) was also inhibited for 60 min by len (40, 60, and 100 micrograms/100 g, ic), given 5 min after the aii injections. naloxone (3 mg/bird, ip) attenuated the inhibition of len (60 micrograms/100 g, ic) and when adm ...	1984	6510686
melatonin rhythms in the eyes, pineal bodies, and blood of japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	melatonin levels in the eyes, pineal bodies, and blood of japanese quail exposed to 12l:12d show robust daily rhythms with high levels occurring in the night and low levels occurring during the day. since melatonin is synthesized in both the eyes and pineal bodies of birds, the relative contribution of these structures to the blood melatonin levels was determined. a rhythm of blood melatonin persisted in 12l:12d in birds blinded by complete orbital enucleation and in pinealectomized birds but th ...	1984	6489741
estradiol contributes to the postnatal demasculinization of female japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	two experiments were performed to characterize the process of postnatal demasculinization in japanese quail. in the first experiment, it was shown that estradiol (e2) can complete female demasculinization during the first 4 weeks of life. by contrast, e2 did not demasculinize sexual behavior and cloacal gland in neonatally castrated males. neonatally gonadectomized females preferentially performed mount attempts when tested in their home cage by comparison to a test arena. in experiment 2, e2 si ...	1984	6489943
morphology and behavior of quail neural crest cells in artificial three-dimensional extracellular matrices.	neural crest cells migrate extensively through a complex extracellular matrix (ecm) to sites of terminal differentiation. to determine what role the various components of the ecm may play in crest morphogenesis, quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) neural crest cells have been cultured in three-dimensional hydrated collagen lattices containing various combinations of macromolecules known to be present in the crest migratory pathways. neural crest cells migrate readily in native collagen gels where ...	1984	6745490
effect of the presence of females on the pituitary-testicular activity in male japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	five experiments were carried out to study the role of the presence of a female on the reproductive endocrinology of male japanese quail. in the first three experiments, exposure of an adult male raised in long days to a female for l0 min or l week failed to increase plasma testosterone and lh levels; in fact a significant transitory decrease in plasma testosterone was observed, associated with a preceding increase in plasma corticosterone. these changes are interpreted as a result of the stress ...	1984	6479577
effect of embryonic treatment with oestradiol benzoate on reproductive morphology, ovulation and oviposition and plasma lh concentrations in female quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	quail eggs were injected on day 10 of incubation with 0, 5, 10, 20 or 40 micrograms oestradiol benzoate. females hatching from these eggs were reared on a 16l: 8d photoperiod and egg laying was recorded. blood samples were taken at 37, 40, 43, 46, 49, 52, 55, 58 or 61 days of age and lh concentrations were measured by a double-antibody radioimmunoassay. birds were killed at 61 days of age; ovaries and oviducts were weighed and examined. egg laying was greatly reduced by oestradiol benzoate treat ...	1984	6747950
the developmental distribution of monoamines in the brain of male japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	changes in the levels of the brain catecholamines, norepinephrine (ne) and dopamine (da), were studied in the male japanese quail during maturation. in addition the neurotransmitter, serotonin (5ht), its precursor, tryptophan ( tryp ), and its metabolite, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5hiaa), were measured. birds were sampled at weekly intervals between the ages of 1 and 63 days of age. brains of the quail were dissected into cerebral hemispheres, diencephalon, brain stem, cerebellum, and optic lo ...	1984	6203106
plasma constituents and body weights of japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) selected for twelve generations for plasma cholesterol responses to adrenocorticotropin.	japanese quail were selected bidirectionally over 12 generations for plasma cholesterol (pc) responses to adrenocorticotropin (acth). in addition to the selected trait, plasma corticosteroids (pcs), triglycerides (pt), and glucose (pg) were measured before and after 3 daily injections of acth. the quail were also weighed at 31 days of age. by the 12th generation of selection, when measurements were expressed as deviations from the randombred control (c) line from which the selected lines had bee ...	1984	6324155
protein polymorphism in two populations of the wild quail coturnix coturnix japonica.	to evaluate genetic variability in two populations of the wild quail coturnix coturnix japonica, proteins and enzymes were examined by starch gel electrophoresis. rare variants so far not observed in domestic quail were found in the following five enzymes; aspartate aminotransferase, acid phosphatase, pancreatic esterase, isocitrate dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase. the proportion of polymorphic loci (p poly) and the expected average heterozygosity (h) in one of the two populations were e ...	1984	6742511
body weight and composition of japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) at sexual maturity.	the influence of dietary protein (26%, 24%, 20%, 16%, and 14%) and restricted feeding (100%, 80%, and 60% of ad libitum) on body weight and body composition of japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) at sexual maturity was examined in two similar experiments. although less variable than chronological age, body weight at sexual maturity also differed significantly. in experiment 1, there were no significant differences in breast weight, tibia length or carcass fat due to diet. in experiment 2 ...	1984	6724330
binding of progesterone with the oviduct cytosol fraction of estrogen-primed quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	progesterone-specific binding components were detected in the cytosol fraction of enlarged oviducts from estrogen (diethylstilbestrol)-primed immature japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) females by several techniques using [3h]promegestone. the oviduct as a target tissue of progesterone is the most efficient in [3h]promegestone binding, and muscle and intestine as nontarget tissues and plasma are less efficient as expected. by using [3h]promegestone for binding, the possibility of blood ...	1984	6538858
sexual dimorphism in the hypothalamic metabolism of testosterone in the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).		1984	6396714
fine structure of muscle spindles in the woodpecker (dendrocopus major) and quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).		1984	6241388
a golgi study on the neuronal morphology in the hypothalamus of the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica). i. tuberal and mammillary regions.	neuronal morphology and dendritic architecture of the tuberal and mammillary regions in the hypothalamus of the quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) were investigated by means of classical neuroanatomical methods (bodian silver impregnation, luxol-fast blue, cresyl violet, toluidine blue, rapid golgi method). the tuberal region is characterized by isodendritic neurons, in particular: a) pyriform and bipolar neurons, occasionally arranged diagonally to the ventricular surface; b) csf-contacting neu ...	1984	6203645
iron mobilization in estrogenized male quail.	a single diethylstilbestrol (des) injection (5 mg des/100 g body wt) was administrated to several lots (three specimens each) of adult male quail (coturnix coturnix japonica). the birds were sacrificed 24, 48, 72 and 96 hr after the des injection. a significant increase in liver weight and a clear drop in the hemoglobin concentration were observed after 24 hr. later, a progressive rise was observed in plasma iron, total iron binding capacity, plasma copper and the phosphoprotein (vitellogenin), ...	1984	6147235
[microheterogeneity of tubulin in the central nervous system of the quail (coturnix coturnix japonica)].	tubulin from the central nervous system of the quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) was analysed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. either in soluble extracts or in tubulin enriched fractions, tubulin of forebrain, cerebellum and spinal cord is resolved into 3 components alpha, beta' and beta, characterized by their electrophoretic coordinates (alpha: pi = 5.4, mw = 54 kd, beta: pi = 5.2, mw = 52 kd; beta': pi = de mapping, by comparison with mouse brain alpha, beta and beta'-tubulin componen ...	1984	6432229
the postnatal demasculinization of sexual behavior in the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	three experiments were performed to analyze the time course of demasculinization in the japanese quail and to test the activating and organizing effects of estradiol (e2) in adult sexually active birds. in experiment 1, males and females were castrated at the age of 1 day or 1, 2, 4, and 6 weeks and treated as adults with testosterone (t). the age of castration had no effect on behavior and morphology in males. plasma gonadotrophins (lh and fsh) were, however, higher in males castrated at or bef ...	1984	6436161
histopathological changes of the retina and optic nerve in the albino mutant quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	histopathological changes in the retina and optic nerve in imperfect albino mutant quails with a sex-linked recessive gene were studied ontogenetically. the mutant quail showed eye enlargement 3 months after hatching. the eyes exhibited hazy corneas, lens opacities and deep anterior chambers at 18 months of age. some ganglion cells in the retina and axons in the optic disc began to degenerate 6 months after hatching. there were many deformed or fragmented ganglion cells at 12 months of age, and ...	1984	6470227
regressive post-hatching development of acetylcholinesterase-positive neurons in the pineal organs of coturnix coturnix japonica and gallus gallus.	distribution and number of acetylcholinesterase-positive neurons were studied in the japanese quail and the domestic fowl during the post-hatching period by means of the acetylcholinesterase method. for comparison, the development of the catecholamine-containing (sympathetic) pinealopetal fibers of the domestic fowl was demonstrated with the use of the glyoxylic acid method. the number of acetylcholinesterase-positive ganglion cells in the pineal organs of both avian species decreased rapidly af ...	1984	6478494
changes in testosterone metabolism by the brain and cloacal gland during sexual maturation in the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	testosterone metabolism in the brain and pituitary and cloacal glands of male and female japanese quail was studied in vitro during sexual maturation (from 1 day to 5 weeks after hatching). the production of 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone in the hyperstriatum and cloacal gland and that of androstenedione in the cloacal gland of males was highest at 1 day after hatching, which could be related to the peak of plasma androgens previously demonstrated in neonatal quail. 5 beta-reductase activity was ve ...	1984	6317782
relative potencies of testosterone and 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone on crowing and cloacal gland growth in the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	it has been suggested that testosterone is less effective at inducing crowing behaviour in young birds than in adults because of the presence of higher levels of steroid 5 beta-reductase in the young brain, which converts testosterone to inactive 5 beta-reduced metabolites. this hypothesis was tested indirectly by comparing the relative potencies of 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (5 alpha-dht), which cannot be converted to 5 beta-metabolites, and testosterone at inducing crowing in young gonadectom ...	1984	6690644
comparative analysis of the development of wing-flapping and flight in the fowl.	the development of wing-flapping rate, lateral flight, wing area, and the ratio of wing area to body weight are described in the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) and three chickens (gallus gallus) to determine common developmental phenomena and to assess the effects of domestication. the chickens were the white leghorn (a commercial egg producer), the cornish x rock (a commercial meat producer), and the red jungle fowl (the probable ancestor of domestic chickens). all birds performed ...	1984	6698309
pathogenicity of coccidia in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	coccidia were recovered from a field outbreak in commercially raised japanese quail from south carolina. after propagation in unmedicated quail, the culture was identified as a mixture of approximately 65% eimeria uzura, 33% e. tsunodai, and 2% e. taldykurganica. several pure cultures of e. uzura were obtained by single oocyst isolation. a micropyle was not present in all oocysts; thus, it is not a reliable taxonomic characteristic for identification of e. uzura. neither the mixed culture nor th ...	1984	6701143
5 beta-reductase activity in the brain and cloacal gland of male and female embryos in the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	testosterone metabolism was studied by an in-vitro technique in the brain and cloacal gland of young male and female quail at different ages ranging from 7 days of incubation to 2 days after hatching. very active metabolism, leading almost exclusively to the production of 5 beta-reduced compounds, was observed. 5 beta-reductase activity remained high throughout the incubation period in the hypothalamus, decreased around the time of hatching in the cerebellum and decreased progressively between d ...	1984	6736853
renal handling of sodium chloride and its control in birds.	avian kidneys show features of both mammalian and non-mammalian kidneys, possessing cortical reptilian-type (rt) and medullary mammalian-type (mt) nephrons, blood supplies from renal arterial and renal portal systems, and a primitive macula densa. to determine how these morphological characteristics contribute to unique renal functions, we examined first a possible functional link between the renal tubules and the preglomerular vasculature and, second, the function of the loop of henle of the mt ...	1984	6394706
cytological changes occurring in the liver of coturnix quail with an acute arsenic exposure.	coturnix quail (coturnix coturnix) were given acute oral doses of sodium arsenite (naaso2). on each of two successive days they received 1 mg sodium arsenite, followed by 3 mg on the third day. there was no observable difference between the arsenic-exposed quail liver and the controls at the light microscope level; however, swelling of granular endoplasmic reticulum (ger) in the hepatocytes of the arsenic-exposed quail was detected with electron microscopy. the swollen organelles were determined ...	1984	6549505
immunohistochemical localization of corticotropin-releasing factor (crf)-containing neurons in the hypothalamus of the japanese quail, coturnix coturnix.	immunohistochemical localization of corticotropin-releasing factor (crf)-like immunoreactivity in the brain of the japanese quail was studied by means of the peroxidase anti-peroxidase (pap) method. crf-immunopositive perikarya of parvocellular neurons were observed mainly in the nucleus praeopticus medialis and nucleus paraventricularis. additional perikarya were also detected in the nucleus hypothalamicus posterior medialis in the hypothalamus and in the non-hypothalamic nucleus accumbens, nuc ...	1985	3884159
hepatic biotransformation in the buzzard (buteo buteo) and the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix): effect of pcbs.	hepatic biotransformation was studied in microsomal (cytochrome p-450-dependent monooxygenase activities) and cytosolic (glutathione s-transferase activities) fractions from japanese quail (coturnix coturnix) and buzzard (buteo buteo). monooxygenase activities were not very different apart from a high 7-ethoxycoumarin de-ethylase activity in quail as compared to buzzard. glutathione s-transferase activities were higher in quail than in buzzard. dp5 (a commercial mixture of pcbs containing 50% ch ...	1985	2866918