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the effects of estrogen, insulin and dexamethasone on the synthesis and secretion of egg white proteins in primary cultured oviduct cells of laying japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).1. the effects of estrogen, insulin and dexamethasone on the synthesis of egg white proteins were investigated by employing primary cultured oviduct cells of laying japanese quails. 2. it was demonstrated that oviduct cells require insulin and dexamethasone, besides estrogen, to synthesize and secrete egg white proteins maximally.19883281790
water intake induced by water deprivation in the quail, coturnix coturnix japonica.mechanisms inducing drinking after water deprivation, and mechanisms terminating drinking after rehydration, were investigated in the quail, coturnix coturnix japonica. 1. water intake was induced after 4 h of water deprivation, and the amount of water drunk increased in proportion to the period of water deprivation. drinking occurred immediately after deprivation. drinking occurred immediately after deprived birds were given access to water, and continued for periods proportional to the period ...19883249018
rapid adjustment of the pineal n-acetyltransferase rhythm to change from long to short photoperiod in the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).the dynamics of adjusting the pineal n-acetyltransferase rhythm from long to short photoperiod was assessed in the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica). the transition from ld 16:8 to ld 8:16 was accomplished by symmetrical prolongation of the dark period. in ld 16:8, the period of elevated nocturnal activity lasted approximately 7 hours. during the first prolonged night, the evening n-acetyltransferase rise advanced by almost 3 hours relative to the rise in ld 16:8 and occurred at the sa ...19883225739
drinking induced by cellular dehydration in the quail, coturnix coturnix japonica.1. drinking was induced in water-replete quail 5-10 min after intravenous injection of hypertonic nacl (0.69 osmol/l) or sucrose (1.06 osmol/l), but hypertonic urea (2.78 osmol/l) failed to induce drinking. 2. the birds drank approximately the amount required to dilute the injected solutes to isotonicity for each given dose of nacl or sucrose. 3. the plasma angiotensin ii level decreased after injection of 7% nacl (2.5 osmol/l), but it increased after injection of an equi-osmolar solution of suc ...19882900120
experimental aspergillosis in japanese quails (coturnix coturnix japonica). clinical signs and haematological changes.intratracheal inoculation of 2-week-old quail chicks with aspergillus fumigatus resulted in the development of clinical signs within 24 h of infection. these were characterized by anorexia, depression, accelerated respiration and gasping followed by death. the acute course of the disease lasted for 7-10 days followed by recovery in the surviving chicks. the overall mortality during a 6-week observation period was 20%. although the mean body weight of a. fumigatus infected quail chicks continued ...19883050527
changes in pituitary responsiveness during the ovulatory cycle of the japanese quail, in vitro.anterior pituitary glands from ovulating japanese quail (coturnix coturnix) were used to investigate variation in sensitivity to chicken luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (clhrh i; gln8-lhrh). grouping the pituitaries by ovulatory stage provided preliminary evidence of changes in sensitivity to lhrh during the ovulatory cycle. pituitaries taken from quail before the preovulatory lh surge were responsive to clhrh i, while pituitaries from the other times of the cycle showed minimal response t ...19883053965
intestinal colonization of campylobacter jejuni in young japanese quails (coturnix coturnix japonica). 19883386114
application of the quail-chick chimera system to the study of brain development and behavior.hatched chicks with chimeric brains containing cells from both the domestic chicken (gallus gallus domesticus) and the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) have been produced by transplantation of various regions of the neural tube at the 8- to 15- somite stage. the positions of host and donor cells relative to graft boundaries observed throughout embryonic development and after hatching implicated both radial and tangential cell movements in brain morphogenesis. in addition, transplants ...19883413496
hematozoan parasites of rio grande wild turkeys from southern texas.one hundred twenty-three of 300 blood samples (41%) taken from rio grande wild turkeys (meleagris gallopavo intermedia) from three locations in southern texas (welder wildlife refuge, chaparrosa ranch, and campo alegre ranch) and subinoculated into domestic broad-breasted white turkey poults were positive for a plasmodium (novyella) sp. analysis of blood films from 350 turkeys revealed haemoproteus meleagridis in 76% of the birds. a significantly greater mean parasite intensity was observed in b ...19883127605
dihydrofolate reductase activity in the purkinje neuron populations of some non-mammalian vertebrates.the intensity and distribution of histochemically demonstrable dihydrofolate reductase (fh2-r ec 1.5.1.3.) in unfixed cryostat sections was studied in purkinje neurons of adult vertebrates that have either simple neural circuits and cytoarchitectonics (ictalurus nebulosus, rana esculenta) or complex neural circuits and cytoarchitectonics (coturnix coturnix japonica), compared with the rat as a control. the reaction was generally undetectable in ictalurus nebulosus and in rana esculenta; with pos ...19883149438
roles of age, body weight and composition in the initiation of sexual maturation of japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).1. the roles of chronological age, body weight and body composition in the initiation of sexual maturation of japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) were investigated by imposing an inhibitory photoperiod (ip), and by the intramuscular injection of turkey growth hormone (gh) or antisera to turkey growth hormone (agh). 2. absence of sexual maturity in the ip treatment was accompanied by reduced testis and ovary-oviduct weights, and an increased breast muscle weight expressed as a proportion ...19883224292
localization of avian lhrh-immunoreactive neurons in the hypothalamus of the domestic fowl, gallus domesticus, and the japanese quail, coturnix coturnix.the localization of lhrh-containing perikarya and nerve fibers in the hypothalami of the domestic fowl and japanese quail was investigated by means of the specific immunoperoxidase abc method, using antisera against chicken lhrh-i ([gln8]-lhrh), chicken gnrh-ii ([his5-trp7-tyr8]-lhrh[2-10]) and mammalian lhrh ([arg8]-lhrh). chicken lhrh-i-immunoreactive perikarya were sparsely scattered in the nucleus preopticus periventricularis (pop), nucleus filiformis (fil) and nucleus septalis medialis (sm) ...19883277716
mallophaga of quails (coturnix coturnix) in egypt. 19883418167
ganglion cell and hair cell loss in coturnix quail associated with aging.hair cells and ganglion cells were examined in young adult (3 month old) and senescent (3 to 6 year old) quail (coturnix coturnix). following sacrifice the basilar papillae, along with the ganglia, were fixed, embedded in plastic and sectioned serially at 100 micron intervals from basal to apical tip. hair cells and ganglion cells were counted from three micron thick sections at each interval. hair cell number remained constant between age groups (less than 10% loss even in the oldest group). ga ...19883198518
the dose-dependent deposition of cadmium into organs of japanese quail following oral administration.the accumulation and disposition of cd2+ as cdcl2 administered orally to japanese quail (coturnix coturnix) was investigated. birds received 0.01, 0.10, 1.0, 50, 500, 5000, or 50,000 micrograms cd/kg/day for 4 consecutive days by gastric tube, and were killed 4 days after the final dose. the percentage of the total administered dose recovered in liver + kidneys + duodenum was 0.7% or less in all but the highest dose, for which recovery was approximately 2%. only at the highest dose did the hepat ...19883413792
morphotic composition of bone marrow and peripheral blood in various periods of the life cycle of the pharaoh quail (coturnix coturnix pharaoh). ii. peripheral blood: the red blood cell system. 19883169306
morphotic composition of bone marrow and peripheral blood in various periods of the life cycle of the pharaoh quail (coturnix coturnix pharaoh). iii. peripheral blood-white blood cell system. 19883169305
ganglion cell loss continues during hair cell regeneration.hair cells and ganglion cells were counted in young adult quail (coturnix coturnix) after acoustic trauma at 10, 30, 60 and 90 day survival times. following sacrifice the basilar papillae, along with the ganglia, were fixed, embedded in plastic and sectioned serially at 100 mu intervals from basal to apical tip. hair cells and ganglion cells were counted from 3 mu thick sections at each interval. hair cells were designated as tall or short within the area 30-70% of length from basal tip of the p ...19892613569
sodium chloride and water transport in the thin descending limb of henle of the quail.birds and mammals can produce hyperosmotic urine, but their renal morphology and urine-concentrating mechanisms differ. to elucidate the countercurrent urine concentration mechanism in birds, we examined the structure and transport properties of the descending limb (dl) of henle of mammalian-type nephrons in japanese quail, coturnix coturnix. in the avian renal medulla, a prominent ring of collecting ducts and scattered thick limbs surrounds a core of capillaries and dls. epithelial cells in the ...19892603965
testosterone as a factor modifying the toxicity of ekatin for the pharaoh quail (coturnix coturnix pharaoh). i. mature birds.1. testosterone reduces the haemolytic action of ekatin on the morphotic blood elements by accelerating maturation of erythroblastic cells. 2. testosterone, by accelerating the metabolism of the pesticide causes a defective defence processes of the organism by decreasing the number of macrophages. 3. intoxication of androgenised birds with ekatin leads to a breakdown of the systemic adaptive mechanisms by rapid and early switching on the adrenal cortex in response to the stress caused by poisoni ...19892566450
retinal projections in quail (coturnix coturnix).the trajectory of retinal projections and the location of retinorecipient nuclei in the quail brain was examined after application of horseradish peroxidase (hrp) either to the cut end of the optic nerve or following intraocular injection of hrp. retinal projections to the hypothalamus, dorsalateral anterior thalamus (rostralateral part, magnocellular part, and lateral part), lateral anterior thalamus, lateroventral geniculate nucleus, lateral geniculate intercalated nuclei (rostral and caudal p ...19892487114
distribution of glucocorticoid receptor-like immunoreactivity in the brain, and its relation to crf and acth immunoreactivity in the hypothalamus of the japanese quail, coturnix coturnix japonica.monoclonal antibody (mab49) against the rat liver glucocorticoid receptor was used to evaluate glucocorticoid receptor (gr) immunoreactive structures in the brain of the japanese quail, coturnix coturnix japonica. using the avidin-biotin technique, the immunoreaction was present in the nerve cell nuclei in intact male birds. high density of glucocorticoid receptor-like immunoreactivity was found in the tubero-infundibular area, nucleus paraventricularis, posteromedialis and lateralis hypothalami ...19892557133
effects of fish oil on arteriosclerosis in the japanese quail.the effects of fish oil on the development of arteriosclerosis were assessed using a special susceptible strain (sea) of japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica). sixty four quail were randomly divided into two groups and placed on isocaloric and approximately isocholesterolic (2% by weight) diets. group a (control) was supplemented with 10% beef tallow oil, while group b received 10% menhaden fish oil. the birds were sacrificed at 10 weeks (early) and 15-16 weeks (late). based on semiquantit ...19892598217
pasteurella multocida infection in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).three flocks of japanese quail, approximately 75,000 birds each, experienced acute high mortality beginning at 24 to 28 days of age. gross lesions were absent or were composed of either multifocal small pale areas on livers and spleens or lungs slightly darker in color than normal. histopathology revealed multifocal splenic and hepatic necrosis and interstitial pneumonia. pasteurella multocida, serotype 3,4, was isolated from affected tissues. the quail were successfully treated with chlortetrac ...19892619671
chromosome banding and dna replication patterns in bird karyotypes.the karyotypes of the domestic chicken (gallus domesticus), japanese quail (coturnix coturnix), and griffon vulture (gyps fulvus) were studied with a variety of banding techniques. the dna replication patterns of bird chromosomes, analyzed by incorporation of 5-bromodeoxyuridine (brdu) and deoxythymidine (dt), are presented here for the first time. in particular, the time sequence of replication of the zz/zw sex chromosomes throughout the s-phase was meticulously analyzed. brdu and dt incorporat ...19892630186
tapeworms of quails (coturnix coturnix) in egypt.the intestines of 150 grey quails (coturnix coturnix) were examined at postmortem, for tapeworms infestation. two species of cestodes were collected raillietina echinobothrida and choanotaenia infundibulum. the prevalence, average number of worms per bird and their morphology were reported. its worth to mention that quail was found to be a new host for r. echinobothrida.19892708868
studies on the fate of flocoumafen in the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).1. 14c-flocoumafen, administered to japanese quail as a single oral or i.p. dose, was rapidly and extensively eliminated in excreta; most was eliminated within 24 h. extensive metabolism of the rodenticide was seen, with at least 8 metabolites detected; unchanged flocoumafen comprised 9% dose. the elimination kinetics and metabolic profiles were qualitatively similar after oral and i.p. dosing. 2. the major metabolites (60% dose) were labile to beta-glucuronidase, liberating aglycones with ident ...19892756717
growth factor activity in luminal fluids from the male reproductive tract of the ram, rat, tammar wallaby (macropus eugenii) and japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).growth factor activity in luminal fluids from the male reproductive tract was assayed by measuring the stimulation of [3h]thymidine incorporation into balb/c 3t3 fibroblasts. the potency of fluids from the rete testis of the rat, ram, tammar wallaby and japanese quail was much the same. however, about 90% of the activity in fluid from the rete testis of the rat and tammar was lost during its passage through the epididymis.19892760881
the dynamics of progesterone output in perifused granulosa layer of the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica): response to adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate and aminoglutethimide.a perifusion system has been developed in which the rates of progesterone output of quail granulosa layer in response to steroidogenic stimuli, can be measured under dynamic condition. in response to a continuous perifusion for 8 h with dibutyryl cyclic amp (dbcamp), there was a gradual increase in the rate of progesterone output, which reached a plateau at 4-5 h of perifusion. when progesterone output was inhibited by aminoglutethimide, a reversible inhibitor of the cholesterol side chain cleav ...19892559251
an autoradiographic study of alpha 1-adrenergic receptors in the brain of the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).the neuroanatomical distribution of alpha 1-adrenergic receptors was studied in japanese quail by quantitative in vitro autoradiography using the specific antagonist [3h]prazosin as the ligand. the presence of saturable (bmax less than 200 fmol/mg protein) high affinity (kd less than 0.12 nm) binding sites was detected by saturation analysis. high concentrations of [3h]prazosin binding sites were detected in the archistriatum/pars ventralis, the hippocampus, the cortex piriformis, the area corti ...19892558805
lead influences on physiological and growth responses in coturnix coturnix japonica selected for large body weights.coturnix coturnix japonica, selected for large adult weight (fatty), were 40% heavier than random-bred controls (rb). given dietary lead (50 or 500 mg/kg) from hatching, fatty (10%) showed a smaller decrease in body weight than did rb (22%) at 6 weeks. egg production was lower in fatty, and lead (500 mg/kg) caused a greater suppression in fatty. lead added to the diet of fatty and rb control diets at 7 weeks into egg production caused a 15% decrease in rb production but only a transitory decreas ...19892792056
variation among lines selected for body size in the fractional rate of degradation of protein and acid protease activity in the muscle of quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).fractional rates (%/day) of degradation of muscle protein were determined by measuring the output of nt-methylhistidine (nt-mh) in the excreta at 2 and 10 weeks of age in three lines of quail, a random-bred line and two lines selected for body size, one for increased and the other for decreased size. in all lines, fractional rates of degradation of muscle protein at 2 weeks of age were higher than those at 10 weeks of age. the fractional rate of degradation at 2 weeks of age was highest for the ...19892695061
mitogen stimulation affects contractile protein mrna abundance and translation in embryonic quail myocytes.in cultures of differentiated, fusion-blocked muscle cells obtained from embryonic japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica), mitogen stimulation leads to an immediate reduction in the rates of synthesis of skeletal muscle myosin heavy chain (mhc) and alpha-actin. the molecular mechanisms responsible for this downregulation were examined. the cellular abundances of the alpha-actin and mhc mrnas were affected differently by mitogen stimulation; alpha-actin mrna abundance declined by an amount w ...19892796987
distribution of alpha 2-adrenergic receptors in the brain of the japanese quail as determined by quantitative autoradiography: implications for the control of sexually dimorphic reproductive processes.with the use of [3h]p-aminoclonidine (pac), alpha 2-adrenergic binding sites were mapped in the brain of the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica). the sites were labeled with the use of in vitro quantitative autoradiography. special attention was given to areas implicated in the control of sexually dimorphic reproductive processes including sexual behavior. preliminary competition experiments found that [3h]pac binding on tissue sections exhibited a pharmacology appropriate to the alpha 2 ...19892569910
a dorsomedial subdivision within the nucleus intercollicularis identified in the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) by means of alpha 2-adrenergic receptor autoradiography and estrogen receptor immunohistochemistry.the nucleus intercollicularis is an important site in the control of vocalization in birds. in oscines, a subregion of the nucleus intercollicularis called the dorso-medial intercollicular nucleus appears to play a key role in this process because it receives the majority of the projections from the nucleus robustus archistriatalis and sends most of the projections to the motor nucleus of the hypoglossal nerve. in this paper, we present neurochemical studies of the nucleus intercollicularis in t ...19892546669
[cellular specificity of lectin binding in the kidney of the quail (coturnix coturnix japonica)].the goal of this study was to demonstrate the distribution of glycoproteins in the various segments of the japanese quail nephron, using lectins labeled with hrp or fitc. each one of the six labeled lectins had a characteristic distribution pattern along the nephron. the study shows that lectins are useful markers for certain nephron segments or for cell types in certain segments of the renal tubules. pna marks the thin portion of the medullary loop, dba marks the thick portion; it is thus possi ...19892757236
effects of brefeldin a on the synthesis and secretion of egg white proteins in primary cultured oviduct cells of laying japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).we investigated the effect of brefeldin a (bfa) and monensin on the secretion of egg white proteins in primary cultured oviduct cells. monensin inhibited the secretion of egg white proteins, but this drug also caused morphological changes of the cells and inhibited their protein synthesis. bfa inhibited protein secretion without any remarkable morphological changes of the cells and without significant inhibition of protein synthesis. in the presence of bfa at 1 microgram/ml, only 10% of synthesi ...19892713420
localization of aromatase in synaptosomal and microsomal subfractions of quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) brain.the subcellular distribution patterns of aromatase, 5 alpha- and 5 beta-reductase in the hypothalamus/preoptic area of japanese quail were studied using standard methods of centrifugation, and fractional constituents were identified by marker enzymes. aromatase was concentrated 8-fold in the 100,000 g pellet (p3) along with a 3-fold enrichment in the microsomal marker nadph-cytochrome c reductase (ncr) a result consistent with glandular tissues. in addition, aromatase was enriched 2-fold in the ...19892716959
estrogen receptors in quail brain: a functional relationship to aromatase and aggressiveness.estradiol (e2) mediates many of the activational effects of testosterone (t) on masculine reproductive and aggressive behaviors. using japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) as an animal model, together with a newly devised procedure for quantifying aggressiveness, we recently showed that aggression is e2-dependent and that individual differences in behavioral intensity are correlated with aromatase in the hypothalamus/preoptic area (hpoa). in this study we characterized estrogen receptors ...19892720027
genetic variants of phosvitin in egg yolk of the japanese quail, coturnix coturnix japonica.phosvitin polymorphism in egg yolk of the japanese quail was found by horizontal polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis. six phenotypes of yolk phosvitin designated a, b, c, ab, ac, and bc were observed in a population of 281 birds. analysis of family data revealed that the phenotypic variation of quail yolk phosvitins was controlled by an autosomal pv locus with three codominant alleles, pva, pvb and pvc. the gene frequencies of pva, pvb and pvc were 0.064, 0.824 and 0.112, respectively.19892610404
photoperiodic control of the termination of reproduction in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).typically, birds come into breeding in the spring as a response to long days, and end reproduction some weeks later by becoming refractory to those long days. the refractory state is subsequently dissipated by the short days of autumn and winter, so producing once again a bird that can respond to long days. bird species differ in the extent to which refractoriness is developed; the present experiments took advantage of the relative, rather than the absolute, refractoriness in quail to measure qu ...19901983038
temperature modulation of photoperiodically induced lh secretion and its termination in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).long days induced lh release in photosensitive japanese quail and ambient temperature did not affect this process. temperature also did not affect the levels of circulating lh concentrations at the steady state of lh release on long days. on the other hand, low ambient temperature was required to reduce circulating lh to a nonbreeding level together with the change of the photoperiod from long to short days; the changes of the photoperiod without low ambient temperature induced a decrease of cir ...19902289686
effects of the nonsteroidal inhibitor r76713 on testosterone-induced sexual behavior in the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).a new triazole derivative, r76713 (6-[4-chlorophenyl)(1h-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)methyl]-1-methyl-1h- benzotriazole), was recently shown to inhibit aromatase selectively without affecting other steroid-metabolizing enzymes and without interacting with estrogen, progestin, or androgen receptors. this compound was tested for its capacity to intefere with the induction of copulatory behavior by testosterone (t) in castrated japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica). in a first experiment, r76713 inhib ...19902286366
hatching of japanese quail chicks (coturnix coturnix japonica) following long, daily cyclical interruptions of their incubation.the adaptive advantages were studied of long, daily cyclical interruptions of incubation for the hatching of japanese quail. the aim was to mimic in a more pronounced form the natural cyclical variations to which avian embryos may be subjected and still survive. the results indicated that by consecutive daily 8-h interruptions of incubation it was possible to lengthen the embryonic period by one-third without apparent harm and with potential improvement in hatchability. after consecutive daily 1 ...19902084682
spatial arrangement of the stages of the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium in the japanese quail, coturnix coturnix japonica.the spatial arrangement of the stages of the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium of the japanese quail was investigated by preparing three-dimensional reconstructions of a seminiferous tubule from each of 3 quails. it was found that the stages were not distributed at random, but were arranged in a wave which spiralled helically along a seminiferous tubule. adjacent stages in space were always adjacent numbers in the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium. complete spermatogenetic waves were found ...19902250235
renal carbonic anhydrase in the quail coturnix coturnix japonica: i. activity and distribution in male and female metanephros.carbonic anhydrase activity was studied in the quail metanephros by means of histochemical, histophotometrical and biochemical methods. male and female samples were examined separately in order to show sex-related differences in enzyme activity and localization. the staining patterns revealed differential distribution of reaction product in the different tubular segments. the initial portion of proximal tubules showed positivity on the brush border in female kidneys only. extra situ investigatio ...19902127415
the influence of supplemental corn oil and free fatty acids on the reproductive performance of japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).an experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary corn oil (co) and commercial free fatty acids on the fatty acid composition of blood plasma and egg yolk lipids and on the reproductive performance of japanese quail. when quail were fed a semi-purified low-fat basal mix, the substitution of 3% of co for corn starch (cs) improved egg weight (11.2 versus 10.8 g), reduced late embryonic mortality (16.7 versus 28.4%), and improved hatchability (75.7 versus 64.1%). diets in which palmiti ...19902123342
muscarinic cholinergic receptors in the songbird and quail brain: a quantitative autoradiographic study.in order to clarify the neuroanatomical basis for postulated muscarinic cholinergic control of a wide array of physiological processes in birds, the distribution of muscarinic cholinergic receptors in the brain of three avian species was investigated by quantitative autoradiography. the species consisted of two passerines (songbirds), the european starling (sturnus vulgaris) and the song sparrow (melospiza melodia), and one galliform, the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica). [3h]n-methyl ...19902229474
aromatization mediates aggressive behavior in quail.although testosterone (t) stimulates aggressive and reproductive behaviors in males of many vertebrate species, it is now known that the full expression of t action in the brain requires aromatization to estradiol (e2) and subsequent interaction of locally formed e2 with nuclear estrogen receptors. in experiments reported here, we used a behavioral test which quantifies the response of an individual male japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) to the visual stimulus of a conspecific. we have ...19902191894
the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium in the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) and estimation of its duration.a regular, well defined spermatogenic cycle was found in the japanese quail by examining thin sections of isolated lengths of seminiferous tubules embedded in epoxy resin to resolve the structure of developing spermatids. the stages of the cycle initially were identified in studies using a preparatory method for fixation which separated adjacent cellular associations. the cycle was divided into 10 stages with relative frequencies (%) of stages i to x respectively of: 11.9, 14.8, 24.1, 10.3, 8.2, ...19902325016
plasma cholesterol responses to the adrenocorticotropic hormone in japanese quail following eighteen generations of divergent selection.japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) lines were divergently selected for plasma cholesterol response to adrenocorticotropin (acth). data for generations 9 to 18 indicated a greater response in the low (l) line than in the high (h) line, which was contrary to selection responses for the first eight generations. during generations 9 to 18, selection differentials were greater in the h line; however, heritability estimates were greater in the l line. these data suggest caution in the interpr ...19902158649
steroid modulation of muscarinic cholinergic and alpha2-adrenergic receptor density in the nucleus intercollicularis of the japanese quail.androgen modulation of neurotransmitter receptor density was investigated in the nucleus intercollicularis (ico) of male and female japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica). ico appears to play an important role in the neural control of testosterone (t) dependent vocal behaviour. two receptor types were investigated in this nucleus; muscarinic cholinergic receptors, labelled using [3h]n-methyl scopolamine (nms) as the ligand, and alpha2-adrenergic receptors, labelled using [3h]p-amino-clonidi ...199012106090
comparison of hypocholesterolemic activities of the bile acid sequestrants cholestyramine and colestipol hydrochloride in cholesterol fed sea quail.the pharmacopolymer bile acid sequestrants cholestyramine and colestipol hydrochloride were mixed with a diet supplemented with 0.5% cholesterol at levels of 0.25%, 0.5%, and 1.0% for cholestyramine and 0.5% and 1.0% for colestipol and fed to young, male, sea (susceptible to experimental atherosclerosis) japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) for a period of seven days. after treatment blood was obtained by venipuncture from non-fasted animals and analyzed for serum total cholesterol concen ...19902396902
anti-atherosclerotic activity of colestipol hydrochloride in sea quail.young, male, sea (susceptible to experimental atherosclerosis) japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) were fed an atherogenic diet consisting of yellow corn meal and soybean meal supplemented with 2% cholesterol and 1% cholic acid. a control group of ten animals was fed the atherogenic diet for eight weeks, and another group was fed the same diet containing 2% colestipol hydrochloride for the same length of time. at the end of the treatment period serum and arterial total cholesterols were ...19902337384
characterization of insulin receptors in primary cultures of quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) oviduct cells. the level of insulin receptor is regulated by steroid and peptide hormones.1. we have characterized the insulin receptor in primary cultured quail oviduct cells and examined the hormonal regulation of its level. 2. we have also shown the recycling pathway of insulin receptors in the cultured cells using specific inhibitors (tunicamycin, chloroquine, monensin, and brefeldin a). 3. our data suggest that glucocorticoids play important physiological roles in egg-white protein synthesis through increasing the number of insulin receptors and insulin through enhancing the tra ...19902085960
serum chemistries of coturnix coturnix japonica given dietary manganese oxide (mn3o4).1. plasma creatinine and inorganic phosphorus were increased in manganese oxide (mn3o4)-treated adult male coturnix quail, but bun, bun/creatinine ratio, uric acid, and total calcium were decreased. 2. serum enzymes (alkaline phosphatase, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, glutamic pyruvic transaminase, and lactic dehydrogenase) were elevated in mn3o4-treated adult male coturnix quail, but creatine phosphokinase was not affected. 3. dietary mn3o4 at 5000 ppm did not produce overt signs of toxico ...19901981341
aggressive behavior in birds: an experimental model for studies of brain-steroid interactions.1. although testosterone (t) stimulates aggressiveness in males of many vertebrate species, it is now known that the full expression of t actions in the central nervous system requires aromatization to estradiol (e2) and subsequent binding of formed e2 to its receptor. 2. we have recently confirmed these as rate-limiting steps in the control of sex-related and individual differences in aggressiveness of the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica). 3. in this review, we describe some of the n ...19901979529
the influence of stress treatment on femur cortical bone porosity and medullary bone status in japanese quail selected for high and low blood corticosterone response to stress.1. femurs taken from japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) genetically selected for either exaggerated (hs; high-stress) or reduced (ls; low-stress) blood corticosterone (b) response to unfamiliar environments were examined to determine their cortical bone porosity (cbp; degree of osteoporosis) and medullary bone (mb) status following treatment with or without stress. 2. femur cbp was elevated in both sexes of stressed, hs-line quail and was attributed directly to the presumably exaggerate ...19901970526
purification and characterization of chymotrypsinogen from pancreas of japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).1. a chymotrypsinogen from pancreas of japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) was purified by acid extraction, salt fractionation and chromatographic separation on cm-cellulose and sephadex g-100, and gave a single protein band on sds-page. 2. quail chymotrypsinogen had a mol. wt of 26,100 calculated from amino acid composition data, an isoelectric point of 7.68, a km of 3.1 mm and k0 of 40.7 sec-1 for tyrosine ester substrate. 3. the activated chymotrypsinogen of quail had a maximum activi ...19902085958
interaction between eimeria uzura infection and aflatoxicosis in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).the clinical signs and gross lesions caused by eimeria uzura (10(5) oocysts) in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) exhibited little or no influence in the face of intercurrent dietary aflatoxicosis (1 p.p.m. of aflatoxin b1 from day 0 to 55). similarly, no significant differences in the mucosal morphology of the intestine were evident histologically between the two groups of japanese quail. the nervous signs of ataxia, leg weakness, incoordination of movement, torticollis and terminal o ...19902111599
vasopressor and depressor effects of native angiotensins and inhibition of these effects in the japanese quail.the amino acid sequence of angiotensin i (ang i) from the japanese quail, coturnix coturnix japonica, obtained from incubation of homologous plasma and kidney extract was determined as h-asp-arg-val-tyr-val-his-pro-phe-ser-leu-oh. a bolus, intravenous injection of native ang i or of ang ii induced an immediate vasodepressor response and a subsequent vasopressor response in quail which has been lightly anesthetized with urethane (0.75 g/kg). the values for ed50 for the vasopressor and depressor e ...19902191893
production of avian antibodies to three potyviruses in coturnix quail.avian antibodies against three potyviruses were produced in a small bird, coturnix quail (coturnix coturnix japonica temminck et schlegel), with 15-60 micrograms of purified virus preparations. intramuscular injections of immunogen with freund's incomplete or complete adjuvant into the birds did not result in higher titer of antibody compared to that of control birds given intravenous injections. quail egg yolk antibody was as useful as hen antibody for indirect-elisa and allowed virus to be det ...19902196273
behavior of rabbit dental tissues in heterospecific association with embryonic quail ectoderm.the behavior of dental tissues from the rabbit, oryctolagus cuniculus, in association with epithelium from the quail, coturnix coturnix japonica, has been examined. adult and embryo rabbits were employed in this study. dental papillae from teeth at the cap stage from rabbit embryos and dental pulp from adult rabbits were isolated surgically and recombined with skin ectoderm from 72-hour-old quail embryos. the recombined tissues were cultured for 48 hours on semi-solid medium and subsequently rem ...19902250161
isolation of campylobacter jejuni from the eggs and organs in experimentally infected laying japanese quails (coturnix coturnix japonica). 19902385046
nonmammalian vertebrate models in studies of brain-steroid interactions.estrogen formation in brain and pituitary mediates certain androgen actions in central targets. goldfish (carassius auratus) and quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) have been advantageous for studying the role of locally formed estrogen in autoregulating aromatization and in controlling estrogen receptor occupancy, androgen receptor levels, and behavioral expression. data from these two experimental models reveal a molecular basis for androgen-estrogen synergism in neuroendocrine tissues and for ...19901974804
the effect of prolactin and cb154 on in vivo lipogenesis and enzyme patterns in the japanese quail, coturnix coturnix japonica and of photositmulation on enzyme patterns in the white-throated sparrow, zonotrichia albicollis. 1990175996
immunoreactive endothelin in plasma of nonmammalian vertebrates.immunoreactive endothelin (ir-et) was estimated in plasma of nonmammalian vertebrates, using radioimmunoassay (ria) for endothelin-1 (et-1). blood samples were collected from unanesthetized animals. plasma et was determined by ria after extraction. plasma levels of ir-et were 0.7 +/- 0.2 pg/ml (n = 6) in the hagfish eptatretus burgeri, 4.3 +/- 0.9 pg/ml (n = 5) in the banded dogfish triakis scyllia, 3.6 +/- 0.8 pg/ml (n = 3) in the common japanese conger conger myriaster, 9.6 +/- 1.4 pg/ml (n = ...19911725396
stilbestrol as a factor modifying the toxicity of ekatin for the pharaoh quail (coturnix coturnix pharaoh). i. young birds.1. the noted fall of the erythrocyte count, haemoglobin and haematocrit levels after stilbestrol indicate that this hormone disturbs erythropoiesis, probably by depressing the maturation of erythroid cells in the bone marrow. 2. the reaction of the erythrocyte system of birds intoxicated with ekatin indicates that this pesticide has a haemolytic influence on the morphotic elements of the blood. 3. estrogenisation enhances the action of ekatin on the erythrocyte system by as it seems increasing t ...19911687558
effects of long term 2% fish oil supplements on tissue fatty acids, phospholipids, cholesterol, and arterial histology in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).the effects of 2% olive oil (oo) or fish oil (fo) (super epa500) dietary supplementation (9 months) on japanese "sea" quail was investigated. the animals were examined for tissue biochemical changes and possible blood vessel fatty deposition. the fatty acids of blood and tissue extracts from heart, liver and fat were analyzed by gas-chromatography/mass spectrometry. the ratio of arachidonic acid to eicosapentaenoic or docosahexaenoic acid was markedly decreased in fo treated animals compared to ...19911750803
effect of feeding palmitic, oleic, and linoleic acids to japanese quail hens (coturnix coturnix japonica). 1. reproductive performance and tissue fatty acids.a study was conducted to evaluate the effects of diets containing 3% of either palmitic acid (diet pa), oleic acid (diet oa), or linoleic acid (diet la) on reproductive performance, fatty acid composition of egg yolk, plasma, and liver, and total plasma phosphorus of japanese quail. each diet was fed to 20 individually caged hens from 5 wk of age. a 24-wk production period started at 8 wk of age. fertile eggs for incubation were obtained by placing at random a male in the cage with the female fo ...19911784570
day and nighttime concentrations of 5-methoxytryptophol and melatonin in the retina and pineal gland from different classes of vertebrates.5-methoxytryptophol (ml) and melatonin concentrations were determined by radioimmunoassay in the retinae and pineal glands of frogs (rana esculenta), chickens (gallus domesticus), quails (coturnix coturnix), and european hamsters (cricetus cricetus), killed in the afternoon (1500-1700 hr) and around midnight (2400-0200 hr). ml was only detectable in significant amounts in the frog retina. in the pineal gland ml levels showed the opposite profile to retinal ml, with measurable levels in the chick ...19911808021
effects of first formant onset properties on voicing judgments result from processes not specific to humans.both first formant (f1) transition duration and f1 onset frequency have been proposed to be perceptually significant in categorization of voiced and voiceless syllable-initial stops. transition duration per se may not, however, explain the fact that, for longer transitions, longer f1 cutback is required in order to perceive a stop as voiceless. longer transitions result in lower f1 onsets at any duration of cutback greater than zero, and it is possible that the major effect of f1 is determined b ...19911880303
relative salience of species maternal calls in neonatal gallinaceous birds: a direct comparison of japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) and domestic chickens (gallus gallus domesticus).differential-approach tendencies of individual incubator-hatched chickens and japanese quail were assayed using one exemplar of each of the species maternal calls in a simultaneous-choice paradigm. within 24 hr after hatching, the birds received several short periods of exposure to rotating mounts of an adult female chicken and quail, which emitted the species-appropriate call. all birds were then tested with calls alone over the following 2 to 4 days. the test stimuli were played from speakers ...19912032455
stumpy limb--an embryonic lethal mutation in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).an embryonic lethal mutant was found in japanese quail and named "stumpy limb (sl)". all sl embryos died at pre-hatching stages, showing brachycephaly, a thickened neck, short upper and lower beaks, and short and thick extremities, while their body length was similar to that of the normal embryos. observations on the skeleton revealed a globular skull, unusual curvature of the processus palatinus maxillaris of the upper beak, and shortening and thickening of the appendicular bones. some embryos ...19911748170
social motivation in japanese quail coturnix coturnix japonica chicks selected for high or low levels of treadmill behaviour.social motivation (as measured by a visually isolated chick's tendency to establish visual contact with, move towards and remain in proximity to a group of conspecifics) was assessed in lines of japanese quail which had been selected for high (hsr line) or low (lsr line) levels of an index of treadmill behaviour which combined the tendency to run towards conspecifics with the tendency to move away from them. hsr line chicks peeded sooner and more frequently before establishing visual contact wit ...199124923697
localization of neuropeptide y-immunoreactive cells and fibres in the brain of the japanese quail.in the present study, we have demonstrated, by means of the biotin-avidin method, the widespread distribution of neuropeptide y (npy)-immunoreactive structures throughout the whole brain of the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica). the prosencephalic region contained the highest concentration of both npy-containing fibres and perikarya. immunoreactive fibres were observed throughout, particularly within the paraolfactory lobe, the lateral septum, the nucleus taeniae, the preoptic area, th ...19911934027
learning to discriminate the sex of conspecifics in male japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica): tests of "biological constraints".male japanese quail learn to approach and remain near female, but not male, quail if they are allowed to copulate with female quail and receive noncopulatory exposures to males. the generality of the mechanisms involved in this type of discrimination learning was investigated in the present study. in experiment 1, ss learned to spend more time near initially unfamiliar blonde quail than familiar brown female or male quail as a result of being allowed to copulate with the blonde, but not the brow ...19911890391
the effects of busulfan on gonadal differentiation and development in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).to determine the effects on gonadal differentiation and development, two concentrations of busulfan (1,4-butanediol dimethanesulfonate) were injected into the albumen of unincubated japanese quail eggs, and the eggs were then incubated. half of the hatchlings were killed at 3 days of age and the rest at 10 wk of age (4 wk past puberty). hatchability of fertile eggs was lowest in those eggs injected with 420 micrograms of busulfan (19.6%), intermediate in the 210-micrograms group (54.7%), and hig ...19911886873
discriminating the sex of conspecifics by male japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).how male japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) discriminate the sex of conspecifics at a distance was investigated by testing subjects with male and female stimulus birds on the other side of a small window after opportunities to copulate with females and again after repeated exposures to males in the absence of copulatory opportunity. time spent near the window, frequency of window approaches, duration of window visits, rate of walking near the window, line crossings outside the window ar ...19911860310
transcription of a quail gene expressed in embryonic retinal cells is shut off sharply at hatching.the avian neuroretina (nr) is part of the central nervous system and is composed of photoreceptors, neuronal cells, and müller (glial) cells. these cells are derived from proliferating neuroectodermal precursors that differentiate after terminal mitosis and become organized in cell strata. genes that are specifically expressed at the various stages of retinal development are presently unknown. we have isolated a quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) cdna clone, named qr1, encoding a 676-amino acid ...19912034690
divergent selection for duration of tonic immobility and social reinstatement behavior in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) chicks.japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) were selected over 8 generations for long or short duration of tonic immobility (ti) weighted for independence from social reinstatement (sr) behavior (as measured in a treadmill) and for high or low levels of sr behavior weighted for independence from duration of ti. divergent selection for long or short duration of ti and for high or low levels of sr behavior resulted in immediate and significant responses that continued throughout the 8 generations. ...19912032452
genetic and experiential manipulation of fear-related behavior in japanese quail chicks (coturnix coturnix japonica).we examined effects of environmental enrichment and regular handling on fear-related responses in chicks of japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) selected over several generations for short or long tonic immobility (sti and lti, respectively). sti chicks froze less, vocalized and walked sooner and more in an open field, emerged sooner from a hole-in-the-wall box, and showed shorter ti reactions than did chicks of the lti line. similarly, environmental enrichment reduced silence and inactiv ...19912032451
the serotoninergic system in the brain of the japanese quail. an immunohistochemical study.the presence and topographical localization of the serotoninergic system in the brain of the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) have been studied by means of peroxidase-anti-peroxidase immunocytochemistry. the perimeter, diameter, area, and shape factor of immunoreactive cells have been recorded and analyzed morphometrically for intra- and interspecies comparison. the data reported here confirm and extend results previously obtained in the brain of other avian species. serotonin-immunor ...19912007251
the influence of thiourea on the development of the cultured quail embryo.although thyroid hormones are known to promote embryonic development, it is still questionable whether the hormones of the thyroid gland exert a stimulatory effect on the early embryo. in attempting to elucidate the thyroid function in this period, we tried to block the synthesis of thyroid hormones by thiourea and followed the embryogenesis under these conditions. the experiments were performed with cultured quail embryos (coturnix coturnix japonica), which seemed especially suitable for those ...19911905865
parallel measurement of brain acetylcholinesterase and the muscarinic cholinergic receptor in the diagnosis of acute, lethal poisoning by anti-cholinesterase pesticides.the activity of acetylcholinesterase (ache) and the density of muscarinic cholinergic binding receptors (mcbr) were measured in brains from normal japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) and from quail after lethal intoxication with diazinon. these were measured in brains from whole heads held at 25 c for 0 to 8 days after death. the maximum relative loss of activity due to post mortem decomposition alone during 8 days was 13% and 10% for ache and mcbr, respectively. during post mortem decom ...19912023308
thermal and metabolic responsiveness of japanese quail embryos following periodic exposure to 2,450 mhz microwaves.two studies were performed to determine if repeated exposure of the avian egg to microwaves can alter metabolism, temperature, and growth rate of embryos. another aim was to supplement conventional heating with microwave heating and provide an optimal temperature for growth. japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) eggs were exposed from day 1 through 15 of incubation (8 h/day) to sham or microwave (2,450 mhz) irradiation. microwave exposures were at two power densities, 5 or 20 mw/cm2, and a ...19911930307
renal carbonic anhydrase in the quail coturnix coturnix japonica. ii. changes of enzyme activity in developing and regressing mesonephros.carbonic anhydrase activity was studied during development and regression of the quail mesonephros by in situ and extra situm investigation. a close correlation was noted between enzyme expression and tissue morphofunctional state. carbonic anhydrase appears in early development; its highest activity is reached when the kidney is actively secreting, followed by a decrease concomitant with tissue involution. the main localization of the reaction product is the distal tubule showing strongly posit ...19911905113
photosensory elements in the pineal gland of the japanese quail, with special reference to the paraboloid.in 1-day-old japanese quails, coturnix coturnix japonica, photosensory elements of the pineal gland were examined by means of histochemical demonstration of glycogen and transmission electron microscopy. the parenchymal cells of the quail show immature structure, especially, small apical protrusion with a few mitochondria in the pinealocyte and rare appearance of the dense body in the supporting cell. the paraboloid is found in cytoplasmic processes projecting into the follicular lumen and in pe ...19911883075
lipogenesis depending on sexual maturity in female japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).1. lipid biosynthesis in the liver as well as transport into the follicles in japanese quail were investigated depending on sexual maturity at 5, 7, 9 and 11 weeks of age. lipogenesis of the liver and incorporation of lipid into the follicles were determined by administering [1-14c]sodium acetate. 2. body weight increased up to 9 weeks of age, whereas the weight of the liver and follicle did not alter after 7 weeks of age. 3. fatty acid synthesis in the liver was at its highest at 7 weeks of age ...19911799977
immunocytochemical distribution of glial fibrillary acidic protein in the central nervous system of the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).in the present study we detailed the distribution of gfap-immunopositive structures within the central nervous system of the japanese quail. different fixation and embedding procedures were applied. the best results were obtained on frozen cryostatic sections from freshly dissected brains subsequently fixed by a short immersion in cold acetone. immunopositive structures were observed both with immunofluorescence, and with immunoperoxidase methods. immunoreactive cell bodies and processes were ob ...19911776703
light- and electron-microscopic observations on the relationship between prelampbrush oocytes and surrounding granulosa cells in the laying japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).transmission electronmicroscopic (tem) observations demonstrated that the most superficial region of quail oocytes during the prelampbrush stage differs locally from the deeper ooplasm and is an active zone which forms exooplasmic cones, ridges or knob-like protrusions in the direction of/or in the granulosa cells. this exooplasm, in which no mitochondria were seen, is separated from the endooplasm, by a narrow interrupted filamentous layer. using a lipid-preserving method of fixation, morpholog ...19911747204
the changes in body temperature, oxygen consumption, co2 production and muscle protein turnover rate by selection for body size in japanese quail, coturnix coturnix japonica.1. body temperature, oxygen consumption, co2 production and muscle protein degradation rate were measured in the three quail lines selected for body size, a random bred line (rr) and two lines selected for large (ll) or small (ss) body size. 2. the body temperature at 15 weeks of age was highest for small body size line and lowest for large body size line. 3. the body temperature, oxygen consumption and co2 production of females were significantly higher than that of males. 4. the fractional deg ...19921361899
circadian nature of the photoperiodic clock in japanese quail.the photoperiodic clock in quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) is based upon a rhythm of photoinducibility (phi i) but the extent to which this rhythm is circadian remains unclear. two types of experiment investigated this situation. in the first, gonadectomized quail were adapted to live in periods of darkness by training them on a schedule containing one short day and 3 days of darkness (sd/dd/dd/dd). they were then exposed to a single pulse of 6 or 10 h of light at different times across 3 day ...19921469668
gut microflora can modify fatty acid composition in liver and egg yolk lipids of laying japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).1. the influence of the gut microflora on lipid metabolism was investigated in germ-free (gf) and conventional (cv) laying japanese quail. 2. serum and egg yolk cholesterol concentrations showed comparable values in both gf and cv environments. 3. the fatty acid composition of liver lipids was modified by the presence of gut microflora. notably, in the presence of the gut microflora, proportion of oleic acid was reduced and conversely, stearic and linoleic acids were enhanced. 4. in egg yolk lip ...19921358512
direct and correlated responses to bidirectional selection for dustbathing activity in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).bidirectional selection was conducted for dustbathing activity in male japanese quail over 17 generations. the response to selection was slightly asymmetrical, due mainly to scale effects and a threshold imposing discontinuity on the visible expression of dustbathing in the low line. correlated responses to selection were found for latency to dustbathe, duration, intensity, and incidence of nonbathers. in general, changes followed linear patterns over time in both lines with the exception of qua ...19921417682
sources of behavioral deviation modeled by early color preferences in quail. ii. diathetic genes and the leftover variance "v(e)".the sources of deviation from population-typical norms of variability were studied in relation to early approach preferences between colors in newly hatched japanese quail chicks (coturnix coturnix japonica). subjects were drawn from an unselected genetic control line, two genetic lines that were artificially selected for extreme blue and red preferences, their hybrids, and a large set of backcross and assortatively derived generations. large progressive increases were observed with selection in ...19921417681
sources of behavioral deviation modeled by early color preferences in quail. i. behavioral synergism and systemic instability.differences between population-typical norms of individual variability were studied in five genetic lines of japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica); two (bl and rl) were bidirectionally selected for early approach preference between blue and red stimuli, two (hi and lo) for high and low imprintabilities to the same stimuli, and the fifth (cl) was an unselected genetic control line. selection resulted in reliably divergent extreme choice performances and imprintabilities and in progressively ...19921417680
production, hatchability and fertility of eggs from breeding japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) fed diets containing furazolidone.1. breeding japanese quail were allocated to 8 groups, each group consisting of 20 females and males. the birds were fed one of 4 diets for up to 33 d: a control diet or a diet containing 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg or 1000 mg/kg furazolidone. subsequently, quails were fed a furazolidone-free diet for up to 21 d. egg production, quality, hatchability and fertility of the groups were measured. 2. significant reduction in egg production occurred in birds fed 400 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg furazolidone, the eff ...19921393678
serum esterase inhibition in birds: a nondestructive biomarker to assess organophosphorus and carbamate contamination.with the aim of proposing a nondestructive biomarker for monitoring the toxicological risk to birds of exposure to the organophosphorus insecticide azamethiphos and the carbamate insecticide methomyl, laboratory studies were performed on serum "b" esterases in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica). the birds received two single dose treatments of each compound (azamethiphos and methomyl), i.e., 50 mg/kg and 250 mg/kg respectively. in the first treatment, serum butyrylcholinesterase (bche) ...19921637204
effect of feeding palmitic, oleic, and linoleic acids to japanese quail hens (coturnix coturnix japonica). 2. maternal diets and stage of incubation on the lipid metabolism of quail embryos.an experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of diets containing 3% of either palmitic acid (diet pa), oleic acid (diet oa), or linoleic acid (diet la) and three stages of development (days 11, 13, and 15 of incubation) on 1) weights of yolk plus yolk sac membrane (ty), yolk sac membrane (ysm), yolk, liver, and extrahepatic tissue (et); and 2) the fatty acid composition of phospholipid, triglyceride, and cholesterol ester fractions of ysm and et of quail embryos. embryos from birds fed di ...19921614943
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