Publications

hematological response of immunized and serially bled japanese quail.	sexually mature female japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) were immunized by an intravenous injection with .5 ml of a 7.5% suspension of chukar partridge (alectoris graeca chukar) red blood cells (crbc). blood samples were collected either serially from one group of quail or a single time from separate groups of quail at 0 (nonimmunized), 3, 6, and 9 days post-immunization. total anti-crbc hemagglutinin titers (ha) were measured by a microhemagglutinin procedure. selected hematological v ...	1985	4048067
activation of avian medullary bone osteoclasts by oxidized synthetic parathyroid hormone (1-34).	synthetic bovine parathyroid hormone (1-34) [bpth(1-34)] has been treated with hydrogen peroxide and assayed for the effect of such treatment on the ability of bpth(1-34) to activate medullary bone osteoclasts during their quiescent period in the early phase of the ovulatory cycle in japanese quail. in addition, the same batches of oxidized and unoxidized bpth(1-34) were assayed for their hypercalcemic activity in japanese quail and their capacity to stimulate renal adenylate cyclase activity in ...	1985	3991595
experimental studies of st. louis encephalitis virus in vertebrates.	serologically negative birds and mammals of species, known from other studies to be exposed naturally to st. louis encephalitis (sle) virus in memphis, tennessee, and other selected species were inoculated experimentally with strains of sle virus to determine their potential as natural hosts. mosquitoes (culex sp.) were allowed to feed on some of the inoculated vertebrate species, held for 14 days, and tested for sle infection. the cardinals (richmondena cardinalis), robins (turdus migratorius), ...	1985	3999258
encephalitis attributed to dactylariosis in japanese quail chicks (coturnix coturnix japonica).	dactylaria gallopava was isolated from brain tissue of 1-to-3-week-old quail chicks. successive batches demonstrated elevated (15-20%) mortality preceded by incoordination and lateral recumbency. chicks exhibited cerebellar and cerebral encephalitis characterized by brown-red discoloration of affected brain tissue. decontamination of setters and hatchers resulted in abrupt cessation of mortality in subsequent placements, implicating incubators as the source of infection.	1985	4074247
nucleoside incorporation as a function of hormone levels during the early phases of estrogen-induced genesis of medullary bone in the japanese quail, coturnix coturnix.	the sequence of changes in rna synthesis during the early phases of genesis of medullary bone induced in male japanese quail by estrogen treatment was studied by 3h-uridine uptake. analyses of plasma estrogen and testosterone were done by radioimmunoassay at 12, 24, 38 and 61 h. a dose of 5 mg kg-1 estradiol-17 beta was found to stimulate the same 3h-uridine uptake 15 h after hormone treatment as a dose of 20 mg kg-1 of estradiol valerate. the uptake of 3h-uridine rose as the dose of estradiol-1 ...	1985	4075376
life cycle and biology of eimeria lettyae sp. n. (protozoa: eimeriidae) from the northern bobwhite, colinus virginianus (l.).	a new species of coccidium, eimeria lettyae sp. n. (protozoa: eimeriidae) was recovered from feces of the northern bobwhite, colinus virginianus (l.), from pennsylvania and florida. oocysts measured 21.1 microns (16.4 to 25.8) by 17.2 microns (14.1 to 21.2); index (l/w ratio) = 1.22. oocysts lacked a micropyle, residuum, and polar granules. sporozoites penetrated the upper 1/2 of the villi, then moved to the lamina propria at the base of the villi. there were five asexual generations, all of whi ...	1985	4078970
marek's disease in japanese quails (coturnix coturnix japonica): a study of natural cases.	marek's disease was observed in quails. gross lesions were confined mostly to the spleen and liver. microscopic lesions were commonly seen in spleen, proventriculus, liver, and duodenum. skin, peripheral nerves, and other visceral organs were also involved. of 123 quails examined, 39 had serum antibodies against marek's disease. these antibodies were detected from 11 to 17 weeks of age; the highest incidence was recorded at 15 weeks. feather follicular antigen detected in 30 of the 95 quails was ...	1985	3000332
hematological response of japanese quail to acute hemorrhagic stress.	hematological and serum biochemical changes in response to hemorrhagic stress were determined in both sexes of juvenile and adult coturnix coturnix japonica over 3 day period following a mechanical hemorrhage of 30% of the calculated total blood volume. there was an initial shift posthemorrhage towards greater numbers of more mature erythrocytes and fewer circulating reticulocytes. reticulocytosis was indicated 48-72 hr posthemorrhage. glucose and lactic acid dehydrogenase levels increased after ...	1985	2864183
steroidogenesis in ovarian cells of the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	the influence of follicular maturation on steroidogenesis and steroid metabolism by isolated japanese quail granulosa and theca cells was examined. when stimulated with lh, granulosa cells of the largest follicle (f1) responded with a sixfold increase over unstimulated progesterone levels, whereas progesterone production in cells of f3 less than doubled even when maximally stimulated. forskolin stimulated progesterone synthesis in both f1 and f3 granulosa cells, but its effect was less pronounce ...	1985	2416631
peripheral blood changes of the japanese quail coturnix coturnix japonica following repeated small doses of trichlorfon.		1985	4074943
circadian rhythm of melatonin in the pineal gland of the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	melatonin was measured by radioimmunoassay in homogenates of pineal glands from quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) kept under different photoperiods and in darkness. under 8-, 12- and 16-h daylengths melatonin levels were increased during the dark period, the duration of the increase depending on the duration of the dark period. as the daylength was increased the peak occurred closer to lights-off, reflecting the more rapid melatonin rise under the longer photoperiods. the pineal melatonin rhyth ...	1985	4067487
the distribution of 14c-chloramphenicol in the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	the distribution of 14c-labelled chloramphenicol after oral and intravenous administration to egg laying japanese quail was studied by whole-body autoradiography. in the liver, kidneys, gizzard, intestinal contents (bile) and oviduct, the 14c-concentration was higher than that of the blood short time after injection and remained higher than the blood up to 4 days. from 4 hrs, the concentration of 14c in the egg yolks was higher than that of the blood and from 24 hrs the radioactivity in the albu ...	1985	4090996
effect of phlebotomy on reticulocyte numbers in japanese quail.	hematological changes were studied in response to a phlebotomy of 30% of the estimated total blood volume in 5-week-old coturnix coturnix japonica. blood samples, femoral bone marrow samples, and blood and marrow erythroid cell differential counts were collected at 0 (nonphlebotomized), 1, 3, 6, 24, and 72 hr postphlebotomy. the samples were collected only once from each bird. total peripheral erythrocyte numbers, percent hematocrit, and hemoglobin levels were decreased at 1, 3, 6, and 24 hr. th ...	1985	4070133
dietary induction of hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis in japanese quail of strain sea.	groups of 12 male japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) of a strain susceptible to experimental atherosclerosis (sea) were fed one of three purified diets (one basal and two atherogenic) for 8 wk. the basal diet contained: glucose (46%), soy protein (35%) and beef tallow (10%). atherogenic diets were prepared by replacing glucose with either 1% cholesterol or 1% cholesterol plus 0.5% cholic acid. both atherogenic diets induced hypercholesterolemia, with serum cholesterol increased 202 and ...	1985	4032062
exposure of embryos to an aromatization inhibitor increases copulatory behaviour of male quail.	this experiment examined the possibility that endogenous embryonic androgen contributes to sexual differentiation of behaviour in male or female quail (coturnix coturnix japonica ), and that it does so via aromatization (conversion to oestrogen). eggs were injected on day 9 of incubation with oil or atd (an aromatization inhibitor). as adults, males and females were exposed to short days, injected with testosterone propionate, tested for male-typical behaviour, then injected with oestradiol benz ...	1985	24895921
maintenance of proliferative capacity during avian myogenesis is independent of fusion-permissive calcium ion concentration.	skeletal muscle differentiation is normally accompanied by the permanent withdrawal of myogenic nuclei from the proliferative cycle. however, embryonic japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) myoblasts which have been prevented from fusing in vitro by the addition of egta to the culture medium retain the capacity to re-enter the cell cycle following accumulation of muscle-specific myosin. we have therefore investigated the roles of ca2+ and fusion in the withdrawal of myogenic cells from the ...	1985	3924639
morphology of the cataract in albino mutant quails (coturnix coturnix japonica).	morphological changes in cataractous albino quail lens were studied by light microscopy. in some animals, a pin-head opacity in the lens could first be detected with the naked eye 2 months after hatching. faint anterior or posterior cortical opacity was observed in many lenses at 3 months of age. most lenses had turned opaque 12 months after hatching. lens dimensions were markedly enlarged at 6 months of age. vacuoles were present in the posterior surface just beneath the capsule and equatorial ...	1985	4007071
diurnal rhythm of water intake and plasma angiotensin ii in the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	a diurnal rhythm was noted in the hourly water intake of the japanese quail exposed to a 12l:12d photoperiod. two peaks for the water intake were observed: from 07:00 to 08:00, 1 hr after turning on the light source, and from 18:00 to 19:00, 1 hr before termination of the light source. the plasma angiotensin ii (aii) concentration also showed two peaks: one at 06:00, 1 hr before the light source was turned on, and another at 18:00, 1 hr before the light was turned off. the two plasma aii peaks e ...	1985	3886477
effects of chronic high-level manganese exposure on male behavior in the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	male japanese quail were chronically exposed to 5000 ppm manganese (mn) as particulate manganese oxide (mn3o4) in their diet from hatching to 75 days of age. no decrements in growth or in other indices of general toxicity were noted. there were significant (p less than .05) age-related increases in general locomotor activity in the control group, although no significant (.05 less than p less than .10) increases were seen in the mn-treated group. both control and mn-treated groups had significant ...	1985	4039439
ontogeny of aggressive-sexual behavior between males in lines of japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) selected for male mating frequency.	japanese quail from lines bidirectionally selected for high and low male mating frequency and from the random-bred base population were observed in an ontogenetic study of aggressive-sexual behavior. quail were reared in sex-intermingled flocks until 28 days of age at which time half of the males from each line were housed as all-male flocks and half were transferred to individual cages. at 41 days of age, individually caged males exhibited mounting behavior to win encounters with other males. b ...	1985	4038930
does neonatal gonadectomy affect the sexual differentiation of quail?	this experiment was designed to determine the contribution, if any, of posthatching gonadal hormones to sexual differentiation of behavior in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica). males and females were gonadectomized or sham-operated (controls) prior to age 7 days posthatching. at age 4-9 weeks controls were gonadectomized. all birds were then given 2 weeks of testosterone propionate injections and tested for sexual behavior with female partners. neonatally gonadectomized females exhibit ...	1985	3979971
constitutional biases in early perceptual learning: iii. similarities and differences between artificially selected and imprinted color preferences in quail chicks (coturnix coturnix japonica).	color preferences and preference generalization were tested in naive and imprinted japanese quail chicks drawn from the 20th generation of a genetic control line and two genetic lines that were bidirectionally selected for preferences between blue and red. twelve hours of imprinting to blue or red on the first posthatch day resulted in large preference changes in the genetic controls, and these subjects exhibited no or only small additional changes from 3 more days of imprinting (for the total o ...	1985	3979028
effects of supplementary vitamin d3 on egg production of two strains of japanese quail and growth of their progeny.	two strains (university of saskatchewan, white egg and wild type) of mature japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica), following a 4-week depletion period, were fed one of four diets varying in supplementary vitamin d3: a) no supplementary vitamin d3, b) national research council (nrc, 1977) recommended level of 1,200 iu vitamin d3/kg feed, c) 10 times, nrc levels, and d) 100 times nrc levels for 4 weeks. egg production, egg weight, number of softshelled eggs, body weight, and feed consumption ...	1985	2986086
hatch weight selection: effect on post-hatch growth in the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	the post-hatch growth of japanese quail, weight selected at hatch, was investigated. the quail were grouped according to hatch weight as follows: group i, 5.5-6.2 g; group ii, 6.3-7.0 g; and group iii, 7.1-7.6 g. group iii quail were 25 and 12% heavier at hatching than group i and ii quails, respectively, and reached a mature body weight which was 38 and 12% heavier than group i and ii quails, respectively. gompertz growth parameters were not different in any of the groups. feed and water consum ...	1985	2864190
peripheral blood in the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) in acute poisoning by different insecticides.	the purpose of this study was to examine the effect of chlorphenvinphos and foschlor on the erythrocytes and leucocytes in the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica). it was found that there is no decided change in the number of erythrocytes after ingesting chlorphenvinphos, whereas foschlor significantly reduces rbc content. the effect of the two pesticides is shown by an increase in reticulocytes and erythroblasts. chlorphenvinphos significantly reduces, but foschlor increases, thrombocyt ...	1985	2861051
an ultrastructural and histochemical study of the development of secondary palate in japanese quail, coturnix coturnix japonica.	embryonic development of the secondary palate of the japanese quail, coturnix coturnix japonica, was studied. the palatal shelves appeared on day 5 of incubation in a horizontal direction over the dorsal surface of the tongue. subsequently, unlike those in mammals, the opposing palatal shelves do not fuse, and a physiological cleft persists between them. in comparison with the chick, where the palatal shelves do not fuse and the medial edge epithelium (mee) becomes orthokeratinized stratified sq ...	1985	2580854
sexual pavlovian conditioned approach behavior in male japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	a localized visual stimulus presented immediately prior to access to a female conspecific stimulated approach behavior in male japanese quail after several conditioning trials. development of this conditioned approach behavior was observed with two different types of signal lights, 10-s and 30-s signal durations, large and small experimental chambers, and with male birds housed continually in the conditioning chambers or only placed in the chamber for brief daily sessions. conditioning also resu ...	1986	3802785
[development of the ovarian and oviduct arteries of the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) after hatching].		1986	2948420
urates and allantoic regulation in embryonic japanese quail, coturnix coturnix japonica.	during embryonic development, allantoic fluid represents the shifting balance between renal excretion and reabsorption by chorioallantoic membranes. allantoic contents of na+, k+, cl-, urate, ph, and water were followed over days 10-15 of the 16 day incubation. water volume remained near 0.9 ml until day 13, then declined very rapidly. the ph declined more steadily, from 8 to 5.5. contents of na+ and cl- fell regularly to final values 80-88% below day 10. the k+ content changed differently and n ...	1986	3772331
selenium-mediated biochemical changes in japanese quail : i. formulation of semipurified low-selenium diet and effect on glutathione peroxidase.	essentiality of selenium (se) for japanese quail,coturnix coturnix japonica, was confirmed using a formulated semipurified low-se diet (basal) (0.05 ppm). selenium-deficiency symptoms appeared in quails on this diet within 15 d, which corresponded to low levels of hemolysate glutathione peroxidase (gsh-px) activity. selenium administration at 0.05 and 2.0 ppm levels resulted in an increase of hemolysate gsh-px activity by 64 and 116%, respectively, in both short- and long-term experiments. growt ...	1986	24254354
lipocyte hyperplasia and sexual maturation of japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	1. hyperplastic growth of adipose tissue in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) was examined in relation to sexual maturity to determine whether fat cell number is fixed in mature individuals of this species. 2. total dna concentrations in the lipid (lipocyte) and non-lipid (stroma) fractions of collagenase (ec 3.4.24.3)-digested abdominal (retroperitoneal) fat depots were determined on a chronological-age basis from 28 to 240 d of age. the in vivo incorporation of [methyl-3h]thymidine i ...	1986	3676180
operant conditioning in the newly hatched quail : fixed interval performance.	newly hatched quails and adult controls of the species coturnix coturnix japonica were trained to emit a treadle-pressing response reinforced with food on a fixed interval 60 seconds schedule, at a pace of 4 or 5 sessions a day. the young subjects were successfully shaped at the fourth day of life. although response rates were equivalent in young and adults, curvature index values and post-reinforcement pause durations were higher for the adult subjects over a 10-day conditioning period. these d ...	1986	24924691
diurnal variations of sexual receptivity in the female japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	a series of experiments was performed to study the changes during the day of female receptivity in japanese quail. in each experiment, the frequency of squatting and the percentage of male approaches which were followed by squatting increased at the end of the day, approximately 11 to 13 hr after lights on (in a photoperiod of 16l:8d). in some cases this increased receptivity was associated with a significant decrease of the long-avoid frequency. analyses are presented which demonstrate that the ...	1986	3957258
determinants of social proximity in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica): male behavior.	following opportunity to copulate with a female housed in an adjacent compartment, male japanese quail spent 64% of their time near a window that provided visual access to the female (experiment 1). this social proximity behavior persisted for at least 2 weeks of continual exposure to the window despite lack of further physical access to the female (experiment 2) and was evident at all daylight hours (experiment 3). female japanese quail stimulated more proximity behavior in male conspecifics th ...	1986	3754503
hemiagenesis of the thyroid gland in the quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	hemiagenesis of the thyroid occurred in a closed population of japanese quails. the unilateral gland was histologically normal, occurred most frequently in females, was heavier than individual pairs of glands and the birds showed no clinical effects. comparative aspects are discussed.	1986	3700735
response of japanese quail to hemorrhagic stress after exposure to microwave radiation during embryogeny.	coturnix coturnix japonica eggs were exposed to 2.45 ghz continuous wave microwave radiation at an incident power density of 5 mw/cm2 (sar = 4 mw/g) during the first 12 days of embryogeny. after hatching, hematologic changes in response to an acute hemorrhage were measured in exposed and nonexposed (control) juveniles and adults of both sexes. reticulocyte numbers and percentages were depressed below control numbers at 24 hr postphlebotomy in exposed adult females. lymphocyte numbers were depres ...	1986	2879671
infectious sinusitis in coturnix quails in brazil.	in brazil, mycoplasmas were isolated from the sinuses of japanese quails (coturnix coturnix japonica) from two commercial flocks affected with sinusitis. the major respiratory signs and gross lesions are described. based on serological and biochemical results, the mycoplasmas isolated were identified as mycoplasma gallisepticum. one of the isolates was pathogenic for chickens.	1986	3729866
different mechanisms controlling fsh and lh release in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica): evidence for an inherently spontaneous release and production of fsh.	plasma concentration of fsh and lh and their content in the adenohypophyses of japanese quail were estimated by homologous radioimmunoassays based on chicken hormones. the results consistently showed that the plasma concentration of fsh was slightly higher than that of lh, although the fsh content in the adenohypophysis was much lower than that of lh in immature, mature and acutely photostimulated quail. these results prompted experiments in vitro to determine whether the difference was intrinsi ...	1986	3081675
immunohistochemical study of the distribution of vasotocin reacting neurons in avian diencephalon.	vasotocin (vt)- and neurophysin (nph)-containing neurons were immunocytochemically demonstrated in the diencephalon of the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica), domestic fowl (gallus gallus), and pekin duck (anas platyrhynchos). in these three avian species, the immunoreactive cells are similarly distributed into three different diencephalic regions: lateral (l), periventricular (p), and dorsal diencephalic (dd). a different number of cell clusters can be easily identified in each region ...	1986	3540108
calcium-dependent chronotropic action of bovine parathyroid hormone (1-34) in isolated atria of japanese quail, coturnix coturnix japonica.	the involvement of extracellular calcium in the chronotropic action of parathyroid hormone (pth) in isolated quail atria was studied. bovine (b) pth-(1-34) caused dose-dependent increases in the atrial beating rate. the pth-induced positive chronotropism was significantly attenuated by lowering the extracellular calcium concentration or by using the calcium channel antagonists verapamil and d600. this suggests the importance of calcium influx in the cardiac action of pth. beta-adrenergic blockad ...	1986	3557092
ultrastructural and cytochemical studies in normal japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) eosinophils and in those from birds with experimentally induced eosinophilia.	normal eosinophil development in the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) was similar to that described in the fowl and the duck, with granulogenesis occurring in the golgi apparatus. the characteristic lipid droplets were small in the immature eosinophils, and after staining specifically for lipid, small moieties were also traced to the golgi apparatus. in mature eosinophils the lipid droplets measured between 1.0 and 1.5 micron in diameter and they were surrounded by profiles of smooth ...	1986	3022360
ultrastructural changes in the uropygial gland of the male japanese quail, coturnix coturnix, after testosterone treatment. comparison with the sebaceous gland of the male rat.	the ultrastructure of the uropygial gland of the male quail was compared to that of the sebaceous gland of the male rat after castration and testosterone treatment of both species. in intact animals, the differentiating cells of these glands displayed almost the same pattern as regards their smooth endoplasmic reticulum, an organelle involved in lipogenesis in both cases. castration reduced the volume of this organelle, while testosterone administration restored cell morphology to a normal or su ...	1986	3779815
testosterone regulation of androgen receptor levels in the uropygial gland of quails (coturnix coturnix): a further proof for the androgen dependency of the uropygial gland.	in castrated quails supplemented with testosterone by a chronically implanted silastic capsule, removal of the implant resulted in the gradual disappearance of the androgen receptors in both cloacal and uropygial glands. however, after a 7-day time span, the receptors reappeared in both glands but did not reach the original level of implanted birds. on the other hand, the photostimulation of intact birds induced an increase of the receptor content of their uropygial and cloacal glands when compa ...	1986	3781221
comparative study on the cardiac actions of bovine parathyroid hormone (1-34).	the cardiac stimulatory effects of bovine parathyroid hormone (1-34) [bpth-(1-34)] were studied on isolated atria and ventricular strips from cobra snakes (naja naja), ducklings (anas platyrhynchos), pigeons (columba livia), japanese quails (coturnix coturnix japonica), laboratory rats (rattus norvegicus), and dogs (canis familiaris). in all atrial preparations, bpth-(1-34) caused positive chronotropism. this suggests that the chronotropic effect of pth is ubiquitous among the terrestrial verteb ...	1986	3940926
[adaptation of strains of the rabies virus flury lep and hep to primary culture of fibroblasts of the embryo of japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica)].		1986	3561096
diluting segment in avian kidney. ii. water and chloride transport.	the mammalian-type nephrons of avian kidneys contain a henle's loop that runs parallel to the collecting ducts and the vasa recta. thus we examined whether the thick ascending limb (tal) of henle's loop of the avian kidney acts as a diluting segment by measuring water and cl transport in the isolated and perfused tal of the quail, coturnix coturnix. the tal showed a lumen-positive transepithelial voltage (vt) (+9.4 +/- 0.4 mv, n = 28). net water flux (jv) was nearly zero when the tal was perfuse ...	1986	3953846
diluting segment in avian kidney. i. characterization of transepithelial voltages.	renal tubules from the japanese quail, coturnix coturnix, were perfused in vitro to characterize the transepithelial voltage (vt). the thick limb (tl) of the mammalian-type (mt) nephron showed vt positive in the lumen (+9.1 +/- 0.7 mv, n = 35). the vt decreased with increases in hydrostatic perfusion pressure. furosemide (lumen), na cyanide (bath), and ouabain (bath) reversibly reduced vt. removal of cl or na from the perfusate and the bath decreased vt of the tl from +10.3 +/- 3.0 to -0.3 +/- 0 ...	1986	3953845
[motor activity of dominant and subdominant quail (coturnix coturnix l.)].		1986	3739441
[hepatic and duodenal biotransformation in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix): activities of 7-ethoxycoumarin o-deethylase and coumarin 7-hydroxylase].	in vitro cytochrome p-450-dependent monooxygenase activity was studied in hepatic and duodenal microsomes from the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix) with two substrates, 7-ethoxycoumarin and coumarin. the rate of formation of 7-hydroxycoumarin--as the main metabolic product--was followed by fluorometry. 7-ethoxycoumarin o-de-ethylase activity (7-ecod) was shown in liver and duodenum, but coumarin 7-hydroxylase (cou 7-oh) was found only in liver. the requirement for some cofactors (nadph), the i ...	1986	3490823
haematological changes in male and female pharaoh quails (coturnix coturnix pharaoh) after ekatin intoxication.	the purpose of this study was to determine changes in the blood of pharaoh quails after ekatin intoxication, to define the duration of disturbances caused by intoxication and to examine possible sex differences in the birds' reaction to intoxication. it was found that ekatin reduced the number of erythrocytes, haemoglobin level and haematocrit value, increased erythroblast and reticulocyte numbers and increased the osmotic resistance of blood cells. it was shown that this pesticide caused neutro ...	1986	2877803
[differentiation of tactile corpuscles (merkel's) in the beak of coturnix coturnix quail during ontogeny].	succession of the merkel's corpuscles appearance and the nervous fibers connected with them in the germ of the beak has been studied by means of light (silver nitrate impregnation) and electron microscopic techniques. appearance of the merkel's corpuscles in the subepithelial connective tissue is preceded by sprouting of nervous fibers into the area. from the very beginning of their differentiation the tactile corpuscles are in contact with nervous terminals. sensory innervation is a necessary c ...	1987	3446099
lung ventilation during walking and running in four species of lizards.	the relationship between locomotion and aspiration breathing was investigated in the lizards iguana iguana, ctenosaura similis, varanus exanthematicus and varanus salvator, and the quail coturnix coturnix. respiratory air-flow during walking and running on a 7.3 m track or on a treadmill was measured with a bidirectional flow meter attached to one nostril. in all four species of lizards, lung ventilation drops markedly during locomotion. tidal volume decreases as speed increases, often by more t ...	1987	3666097
morphotic composition of bone marrow and peripheral blood in various periods of the life cycle of the pharaoh quail (coturnix coturnix pharaoh). i. analysis of the bone marrow.		1987	3436471
changes in the blood and the bone marrow picture of the pharaoh quail (coturnix coturnix pharaoh) chicks as a manifestation of adaptation to postembryonal life.	1. the aim was determination of the rate of adaptation of the respiratory and defence functions of the blood and bone marrow of quail chicks. 2. in the early post-hatching period, enhanced haemoglobin synthesis is the mechanism adapting the bird to the rich oxygen conditions beyond the egg. 3. in 2-week-old chicks, the increased respiratory function of the blood is associated with a parallel rise of the erythrocyte count and haemoglobin content. 4. the defence mechanisms of the chick in the firs ...	1987	2886288
leukocyte numbers during the humoral and cell-mediated immune response of japanese quail after microwave irradiation in ovo.	1. coturnix coturnix japonica eggs were exposed to 2.45-ghz continuous wave microwave radiation at an incident power density of 5 mw/cm2 (sar = 4 mw/g) during the first 12 days of embryogeny. after hatching, leukocyte differential changes were measured in response to an injection with alectoris graeca chukar red blood cells (crbc) and in response to a phytohemagglutinin (pha) injection in irradiated and nonirradiated (sham) quail of both sexes. 2. microwave irradiation did not affect anti-crbc h ...	1987	2886278
experimental studies on marek's disease in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	day-old quails experimentally infected with marek's disease (md) virus of quail origin developed lymphoid tumors. the severity of the disease increased considerably with serial passage. tumor transplants could be made with cells derived from gross tumors in skeletal muscles, spleen cells, and blood from md-affected quails. after five to six serial transplants, the tumor could not be transplanted further. marek's disease tumor-associated surface antigen (matsa) was demonstrated in lymphoid cells ...	1987	3039961
japanese quail can learn phonetic categories.	japanese quail (coturnix coturnix) learned a category for syllable-initial [d] followed by a dozen different vowels. after learning to categorize syllables consisting of [d], [b], or [g] followed by four different vowels, quail correctly categorized syllables in which the same consonants preceded eight novel vowels. acoustic analysis of the categorized syllables revealed no single feature or pattern of features that could support generalization, suggesting that the quail adopted a more complex m ...	1987	3629235
luteinizing hormone secretion from the quail pituitary in vitro.	an enzymatically dispersed pituitary preparation from japanese quail (coturnix coturnix) was used to study the dynamics of gonadotropin release. after an 18-h incubation, the cells were challenged with different luteinizing hormone-releasing hormones (lhrh) for 90 min. using pituitary cells from mature males, mammalian and chicken lhrh i (gln8-lhrh) had approximately equal luteinizing hormone (lh)-releasing activity whereas chicken lhrh ii (his5, trp7, tyr8-lhrh) was 8-9 times more potent. the l ...	1987	3304437
steroids modulate the release of luteinizing hormone from quail pituitary cells.	an enzymatically dispersed pituitary preparation from male japanese quail (coturnix coturnix) was used to study the effects of gonadal and adrenal steroids on gonadotropin release. cells were preincubated for 18 hr with or without steroids and then challenged with chicken luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (clh-rh i; gln8-lh-rh). preincubation with testosterone (t; 10 nm) significantly suppressed (p less than 0.05) luteinizing hormone release in response to clh-rh i (10 ng/ml). preincubation ...	1987	3325334
cryptosporidium infections in birds and mammals and attempted cross-transmission studies.	infections by cryptosporidium were detected in association with clinical disease in 11 humans (homo sapiens), 19 calves (bos taurus), nine common quail (coturnix coturnix), six mallard ducks (anas platyrhynchos), five ring-necked pheasant (phasianus colchicus) and a single budgerigar (melopsittacus undulatus). infections in mammals were accompanied by transient diarrhoea and anorexia, whereas infected birds exhibited clinical signs of respiratory distress. repeated cross-transmission studies rev ...	1987	2964117
relationship between parental age, egg weight and hatching weight of japanese quail.	1. the relationships between egg weight or age of breeder quails (coturnix coturnix japonica) and 1-d-old chick weight were determined. 2. significant correlations were found between egg weight and chick weight (r2 = 0.32) and age and chick weight (r2 = 0.86). thus, hatching weight was influenced more by the age of breeder quails than by egg weight as such. 3. chick weight was accurately predicted by the use of age as a single independent variable; egg weight did not explain any further variatio ...	1987	3446342
transaminase and phosphomonoesterase activities in different regions of the oviduct epithelium of laying japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	1. activities of alkaline (alp) and acid phosphomonoesterases (acp) and aspartic (got) and alanine (gpt) aminotransferases in the glandular epithelia of the infundibulum, magnum, isthmus and shell gland of the laying quail were measured when the egg was in the shell gland. 2. the activities of all the enzymes were significantly (p less than 0.001) greater in shell-gland than in isthmus and magnum. 3. gel-electrophoretic analysis of proteins showed that the magnal epithelia had the same proteins ...	1987	2833336
effects of long term consumption of fish oil (maxepa) on serum lipids and arterial ultrastructure in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	both random (u.c. davis) and inbred ("sea") japanese quail were fed 8.6% dietary supplements of lard (sf) or fish oil (fo) maxepa (38% of calories from fat) and 9 months later selected blood vessels were subjected to light and electron microscopy. serum lipids were measured by means of automatic enzymatic analyses (beckman astra and dupont aca) following fasting (12-14 h) bleeding times taken at autopsy. vldl and ldl were determined indirectly. fatty acid profiles were done on pericardial fat fr ...	1987	3689486
naloxone attenuates food but not water intake in japanese quail.	the effect of the opioid antagonist naloxone on food and water intake in male japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) was investigated. birds were injected intramuscularly with 0, 3, 10, and 30 mg/kg body weight of naloxone hydrochloride. food and water were offered ad libitum 15 min postinjection. food intake was attenuated in a dose-dependent fashion through 300 min following the return of food and water. the dose-response relationship was quadratic, with the greatest reduction in food int ...	1987	3447145
selenium-mediated biochemical changes in japanese quails : tissue uptake and distribution of injected(75)selenium labeled sodium selenite in relation to dietary selenium status.	the tissue uptake and distribution of injected [(75)se]-sodium selenite as a variance with time and as influenced by dietary selenium status was followed in the tissues of japanese quails,coturnix coturnix japonica. quails maintained on a low selenium semipurified (basal) diet and basal diets supplemented with 0.2 and 2.0 ppm selenium as sodium selenite were injected intraperitonially with(75)se as sodium selenite (2.8 microcuries). the injected(75)se was monitored in blood, liver, kidney, heart ...	1987	24254762
changes in progesterone production in granulosa cells during the ovulatory cycle of the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	the influence of follicular maturation on progesterone production by isolated granulosa cells of the japanese quail was examined. after determination of the concentrations of ovine lh (olh) and dibutyryl cyclic amp for the maximum response, the amount of progesterone produced during incubation at 40 degrees for 3 hr with or without olh or dibutyryl cyclic amp was measured in granulosa cells isolated from follicles at 71 to 1 hr before ovulation. when cells were stimulated with olh, we found a ma ...	1987	2822528
neuroanatomical distribution of testosterone-metabolizing enzymes in the japanese quail.	we describe a very sensitive and precise assay which allows one to study the metabolism of testosterone (t) in small brain nuclei dissected out according to the method of palkovits and brownstein. with this method, the neuroanatomical distributions of aromatase, and 5 alpha- and 5 beta-reductase activities were studied in adult male quail (coturnix coturnix japonica). the different enzymes show different neuroanatomical distributions. production of estradiol-17 beta (e2) was highest in the sexua ...	1987	3676776
time course of degeneration of the visual system induced by spontaneous glaucoma in the albino quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	the retinal projection of an imperfect albino quail mutant with a sex-linked recessive gene was examined 2 weeks-16 months post-hatch using various histological methods. during the first weeks the visual system was normal. initial signs of buphthalmos, a form of spontaneous glaucoma, appeared between the 3d and 5th months. its development induced a degeneration of the retinal projections according to a relatively precise sequence progressing from the mesencephalic tegmentum to the optic tectum, ...	1987	3676739
immunohistochemical localization of laminin, neural cell adhesion molecule, collagen type iv and t-61 antigen in the embryonic retina of the japanese quail by in vivo injection of antibodies.	antibodies against laminin (ln), fibronectin (fn), collagen type iv (col iv), neural cell adhesion molecule (n-cam), t-61 antigen, actin, tubulin and neurofilament protein were injected into the eyes of quail embryos (coturnix coturnix japonica) of different ages. twenty h after injection, the heads of the embryos were fixed and the antibodies visualized in sections with the use of fluorescein-isothiocyanate (fitc) or peroxidase-labeled second antibodies by light- and electron microscopy. antibo ...	1987	3664600
estimates of heritability for plasma very low density lipoprotein concentration and genetic correlations with lipid content, body volume, and density in coturnix coturnix japonica.	genetic parameters associated with very low density lipoprotein concentration (vldl) in a randombred population of coturnix were estimated. associated traits were: body density, volume, and weight of the live bird, and lipid content of the whole carcass. a total of 739 progeny by 50 sires and 126 dams was the basis of the data. the vldl was highly heritable (.52) and highly correlated with lipid content (greater than .50) but correlated to lesser degrees with body density (.24) and body volume ( ...	1987	3684849
secretion of egg white proteins in primary cultured oviduct cells of laying japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	oviduct (magnum) cells of laying japanese quails (coturnix coturnix japonica) were isolated after digestion of the magnum portion by collagenase and dispase and cultured in dulbecco's modified eagle medium (dme) supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum. the cultured cells formed a monolayer. immunoperoxidase staining with antiovalbumin and anticonalbumin antibodies elucidated that more than 90% of the total population of the cells contained ovalbumin and conalbumin within the cytoplasm. the result ...	1987	3671295
influence of 12 hours of sound stimuli on gonad development and plasma luteinizing hormone in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) exposed to 6 hours of daily light.	two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of sound stimulation on gonadal growth in male and female japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) maintained under a photoperiod of 6 hr light and 18 hr dark (6l:18d) from 1 to 12 weeks of age (experiment 1) or 1 to 14 weeks of age (experiment 2). the quail were split into three sound environments as follows: 1) 12 hr of radio music (rs) beginning 1 hr before lights off; 2) 12 hr of vocalization from a breeding colony of quail (qv) begi ...	1987	3658881
photoperiodic and endocrine control of social proximity behavior in male japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	previous research had shown that reproductively mature male japanese quail maintained on a 16:08 light/dark (16l:8d) photoperiod spend about 75% of their time throughout daylight hours near a window that provides visual access to a female conspecific. in contrast, females do not display a corresponding tendency to remain near male conspecifics. in experiment 1, i demonstrated that the social proximity behavior of male japanese quail declines significantly when photostimulation is restricted to 2 ...	1987	3606811
a comparison of aromatase, 5 alpha-, and 5 beta- reductase activities in the brain and pituitary of male and female quail (c. c. japonica).	in numerous vertebrate species including japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica), actions of testosterone (t) on neuroendocrine target tissues are mediated in part by conversion to estrogenic and androgenic metabolites. in order to assess which pathways were favored in each identified androgen target area in quail brain and whether there were discernible sex differences, we developed an assay for simultaneously quantifying aromatase, 5 alpha-, and 5 beta-reductase. in addition, we made the f ...	1987	3612047
ultrastructural study of ochratoxicosis in quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	ultrathin sections of liver and kidney from 11-week-old quail fed, from day-old, ochratoxin a (oa) (mixed in the diet at levels of 4 and 8 ppm) were examined in the electron microscope. pathological changes in the kidneys were limited to the proximal convoluted tubules (pct) and glomeruli. in the pcts, abnormal mitochondria and excessive numbers of lipid droplets were the principal findings with glomeruli showing thickened basement membranes. swollen mitochondria and variable glycogen deposition ...	1987	3589170
developmental changes induced by glucocorticoids treatment in breeder quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	the effects produced in offspring by corticosterone treatment to breeder quail were investigated. the breeders received corticosterone orally every day during 7 days. the total dose administered was 3.15 mg/quail/7 days. the quail from treated breeders have a decreased rate of body growth during the experimental period. the studied metabolic and nutritives parameters were smaller than the control group, however, the relative indices were similar. the breeders treated with corticosterone produce ...	1987	3570144
reproduction of japanese quail after microwave irradiation (2.45 ghz cw) during embryogeny.	japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) embryos were irradiated continuously in ovo with 2.45-ghz continuous wave radiation during the first 12 days of embryogenesis at an incident power of 5 mw/cm2 and a specific absorption rate of 4.03 mw/g. the internal temperature of irradiated and nonirradiated (sham) eggs was 37.5 +/- 0.3 degrees c, which is the optimum temperature for incubating quail eggs. at 35 days after hatching irradiated and sham-irradiated males were paired with irradiated or s ...	1987	3580002
blood volume recovery in hemorrhaged japanese quail.	1. blood volume and plasma biochemical changes and feed and water consumption in response to a hemorrhage by phlebotomy of 30% of the calculated total blood volume with and without replacement of blood volume with physiological saline were determined in juvenile male coturnix coturnix japonica. 2. plasma protein and osmolality decreased rapidly posthemorrhage and did not recover by 72 hr posthemorrhage. 3. plasma glucose, na+ and k+ increased within 1 hr postphlebotomy. plasma na+ returned to no ...	1987	2889580
isolation and characterization of single myocardial cells from the quail, coturnix coturnix japonica.	1. the enzymatic cell isolation technique was applied to the bird heart resulting in myocytes of which 10-50% maintained their spindle-shaped morphology, excluded the vital dye, evans blue and tolerated physiological concentration of ca2+ ions. 2. the length of spindle-shaped myocytes was on average 289 +/- 7 microns, and the maximum width was 10.2 +/- 0.3 microns. the mean length of the sarcomeres was 2.18 +/- 0.03 microns. 3. in electron micrographs the fine structure of the spindle-shaped myo ...	1987	2889569
hematological response of hemorrhaged japanese quail after blood volume replacement with saline.	1. hematological responses to hemorrhage by phlebotomy with and without replacement of blood volume with saline were measured in juvenile and adult male coturnix coturnix japonica. 2. recovery of total peripheral erythrocyte numbers and total peripheral leukocyte numbers occurred within 72 hr postphlebotomy in both treatment groups. 3. saline replacement of blood volume following hemorrhage increased the total numbers and differential percentages of circulating reticulocytes at 72 hr postphlebot ...	1987	2887392
effect of cage density and rank in peck order on brain regional monoamines in adult male coturnix coturnix japonica.	1. in adult male coturnix coturnix japonica neither norepinephrine (ne) nor serotonin (5ht) in various brain regions were affected by caging density (174 cm2-8/cage; 348 cm2-4/cage; 696 cm2-2/cage). dopamine (da) in diencephalon was elevated in high density cages. 2. peck order rank was assigned on the basis of feather distribution on head, neck and back and lesions on head and back. 3. upper strata peck order rank was associated with significantly lower levels of brain regional ne and da compar ...	1987	2886268
hematology of japanese quail selected for high or low serum corticosterone responses to complex stressors.	blood was collected from random-bred male coturnix coturnix japonica and from quail selected genetically for high or low serum corticosterone responses to complex stressors after chronic exposure to short daily photoperiods and after exposure to long photoperiods. when compared to the low response quail, high response quail exhibited increased mean cellular hemoglobin values, reticulocyte numbers and heterophil percentages, and decreased monocyte and eosinophil numbers after exposure to long pho ...	1987	2881699
manifestations of social stress in grouped japanese quail.	physiological manifestations of social stress in stable and unstable (resident and visitor) pairs of adult male japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) were compared after 7, 14, 21 and 28 days of regrouping. unstable pairs had reduced body and relative testes (mg/100 g) weights. plasma cholesterol was increased significantly in unstable pairs, and adrenal cholesterol was reduced significantly by daily regrouping of unstable pairs. twelve consecutive days of acth treatment (2, 4 or 8 iu/100 ...	1987	2881689
effect of caponization on central nervous system monoamines in the japanese quail.	depletion of brain regional norepinephrine (ne), dopamine (da) after alpha methyl-paratyrosine (amt), and serotonin (5ht) were measured in intact and caponized adult male japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica). telencephalon, diencephalon, and cerebellum da was depleted by amt treatment, but brain stem was not affected. amt-induced depletion of ne was greatest in telencephalon, diencephalon, and brain stem of capons. neither caponization nor amt affected brain regional 5ht. the results from ...	1987	2881688
linamarin and histamine in the defense of adultzygaena filipendulae.	we determined the protective values of histamine and linamarin to an aposematic moth,zygaena filipendulae. using ion-exchange resin techniques, we found that the mean histamine concentrations in the wings were 0.061 ± 0.047 μg/mg and 0.013 ± 0.0051 in the moths' bodies (totals: 0.586 μg and 2.921 μg, respectively, all wet weights). average hcn evolution (mainly from the bitter cyanogen linamarin) from the wings was 0.049 ± 0.41 μg/mg (0.426 μg/ml of linamarin could produce this amount of hcn) an ...	1987	24301365
ontogeny of architectural complexity in embryonic quail visceral arch muscles.	understanding the mechanisms of muscle pattern formation requires that the complete sequence of ontogenetic events be defined, particularly in the emergence of architectural complexity and in the spatial relations between muscles and skeletal elements. this analysis of visceral arch myogenesis in quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) embryos identifies the location of premuscle condensations and subsequent segregation of individual muscles, documents the initial orientation of myofibers and changes ...	1988	3218618
juvenile body weight and gonad development in a diallel cross among lines of japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	the influence of growth on the extent of heterosis for juvenile body weight and gonad development was studied in a diallel cross among two lines of japanese quail differing in adult body size. a total of 1,096 birds (563 males and 533 females) was slaughtered between 25 and 49 days of age. reciprocal cross differences were non-significant. heterosis showed a curvilinear course with age peaking during early growth (body weight) and during sexual maturity (gonad percentage). overall advanced physi ...	1988	24232357
prevention of hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis in japanese quail by high intake of soy protein.	this study was undertaken to determine the influence of levels of soy protein on cholesterol metabolism and the development of atherosclerosis in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica). quail were fed purified diets containing one of four levels (10, 20, 40 or 60%) of soy protein either with (atherogenic) or without (control) 0.5% cholesterol. results showed that higher proportions of protein (40 and 60%) in atherogenic diets had a preventive effect on the development of atherosclerosis in ...	1988	3214472
steroid secretion by ovarian cells of the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	mixed cell preparations (theca plus granulosa) prepared from the hierarchy of follicles of quails ovaries were incubated under defined conditions with or without the addition of ovine luteinizing hormone (olh), ovine follicle stimulating hormone (ofsh), theophylline, cycloheximide, or dibutyryl cyclic adenine monophosphate (db camp); or in the presence of androstenedione or testosterone as aromatizable substrate. steroids secreted into the medium during the 4-hr incubation period were assayed by ...	1988	2848745
the claude bernard lecture, 1987. embryonic chimeras: a tool for studying the development of the nervous and immune systems.	chimeras have been constructed in the avian embryo following the observation of the particular structure of the interphase nucleus in the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica). in all embryonic and adult cell types of this species a large amount of heterochromatin is associated with the nucleolus, making quail cells readily distinguishable from those of the chick where the constitutive heterochromatin is evenly dispersed in the nucleus. these structural differences have been used to devise ...	1988	2907137
[acute reversible cataract due to nitrocompounds in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica)].	the present study was designed to examine the usefulness of the japanese quail as an experimental model of cataractogenic activity. chemicals, 2, 6-dibromo-4-nitro-phenol (2, 6-d), 2, 4-dinitroanisole (2, 4-da), and 2, 4-dinitrophenol (2, 4-d; for the positive control), were administered singly through an oral route to 2-week old male japanese quails to investigate the reversibility of cataracts. a single administration of 2, 4-d (36 and 43 mg/kg) produced reversible cataract in 14 of 16 animals ...	1988	3416932
changes in serum concentrations of steroids during embryonic and post-hatching development of male and female japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	serum concentrations of testosterone, 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone, oestradiol and progesterone were measured by radioimmunoassay combined with celite chromatography in male and female japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) during the second half of embryonic life (days 9-17 of incubation) and during the first 5 weeks after hatching. the mean level of each of the four steroids was significantly affected by the age of the birds. an overall effect of sex was detected by analysis of variance on ...	1988	3411279
hepatic uroporphyrin accumulation and uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase activity in cultured chick-embryo hepatocytes and in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) and mice treated with polyhalogenated aromatic compounds.	the relationship between hepatic uroporphyrin accumulation and uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase (ec 4.1.1.37) activity was investigated in cultured chick-embryo hepatocytes, japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) and mice that had been treated with polyhalogenated aromatic compounds. chick-embryo hepatocytes treated with 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl accumulated uroporphyrin in a dose-dependent fashion without a detectable decrease in uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase activity when either pentac ...	1988	3138981
ultrastructure of the testis and epididymis of japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) administered gossypol.	when japanese quail were given gossypol acetic acid intramuscularly at 25 mg/kg body weight per day for 9 days, testis/body weights were reduced to 63% of those of controls. lumina of the seminiferous tubules became smaller but were packed with tails of spermatids. mitochondria of spermatids changed in shape from elongated to round. after administration of gossypol for 21 days, testis/body weights were 14% of those of controls. lumina of seminiferous tubules were completely collapsed, germinal e ...	1988	3413024
effect of hyaluronic acid on the emergence of neural crest cells from the neural tube of the quail, coturnix coturnix japonica.	hyaluronic acid (ha) added to the medium of quail neural tubes explanted in vitro influences the number of migratory neural crest cells that emerge, compared with controls. neural crest cells were counted with an ocular grid after 20 h of migration into 0.1 mm wide areas or 'bins' lying parallel to the neural tube, and the results were analyzed by linear regression. a low concentration of ha (5 micrograms/ml) significantly decreased the total number of neural crest cells in all bins adjacent to ...	1988	3396055
carbon-14-ochratoxin a distribution in the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) monitored by whole body autoradiography.	tissue distribution of the nephrotoxic mycotoxin ochratoxin a was characterized in laying japanese quail by whole body autoradiography and scintillation counting using 14c-labelled toxin. periodically for 8 days after one intravenous injection of 14 microci/bird, corresponding to 70 ng/g body weight, birds were killed, frozen, and sagittal sections of the whole body were placed on x-ray film. in general, the ochratoxin disappeared from the avian body rapidly. specific retention of radioactivity ...	1988	3136448
mechanism controlling photostimulated luteinizing hormone secretion is different from preovulatory luteinizing hormone surge in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	a so-called "night-interruption" experiment with a 15-min light pulse showed that a sensitive phase for the photoperiodic lh secretion in male japanese quail extended over a period of 2 hr from 12.5 to 14.5 hr after dawn. exposure of a 1-hr light pulse at this photosensitive phase to male quail kept under 8l:16d induced the increase of plasma lh concentrations just the same as quail transferred to 16l:8d. in the first few days of photostimulation either by night interruption or by long days, lh ...	1988	3371646
changes in plasma concentrations of reproductive steroids in female japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) raised on long or short photoperiods.	plasma concentrations of progesterone, testosterone, estradiol, and estrone were measured by radioimmunoassay in female japanese quail 22 to 70 days of age. the birds were raised on long (16 hr light per day) or short (8 hr light per day) photoperiods. only the birds raised on the long photoperiod layed eggs, starting between 42 and 49 days of age. the concentration of each reproductive steroid increased between 28 and 35 days of age, but the increases were more substantial in the birds raised o ...	1988	3366353
expression of myosin heavy chain isoforms in myogenic clones obtained from developing quail breast muscle.	monoclonal antibodies specifically recognizing cardiac and extraocular muscle myosin heavy chains of the quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) were used to determine the patterns of expression of these isoforms in clonal cultures of embryonic quail myoblasts. myoblasts prepared from 9 day embryonic pectoralis are virtually homogeneous in their ability to form clones expressing both cardiac and extraocular isoforms. the majority of myoblasts obtained from day 5 embryos also formed clones which co-ex ...	1988	28305476
selection of japanese quail for contrasting blood corticosterone response to immobilization.	japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) were divergently selected for 12 generations for increased (high stress, hs) and decreased (low stress, ls) blood corticosterone (b) response to unfamiliar environments. response lines were selected initially on the basis of wild-type quail b response to albino (alb) quail intrusion (s1 to s3) and subsequently on b response to immobilization (imb) (s4 to s12). using alb intruders as stressors proved unsuccessful, therefore the practice was abandoned in ...	1988	3375175