| seasonal muscle ultrastructure plasticity and resistance of muscle structural changes during temperature increases in resident black-capped chickadees and rock pigeons. | resident birds in temperate zones respond to seasonally fluctuating temperatures by adjusting their physiology, such as changes in basal metabolic rate or peak metabolic rate during cold exposure, or altering their organ sizes, so as to match the thermogenic requirements of their current environment. climate change is predicted to cause increases in the frequency of heat and cold wave events, which could increase the likelihood that birds will face an environmental mismatch. here, we examined se ... | 2019 | 31171604 |
| the racing pigeon (columba livia domestica) industry in victoria, australia, and epidemiology of a novel group a rotavirus outbreak. | a novel group a rotavirus, first identified clinically in racing, feral and fancy pigeons in western australia, had spread throughout australia by march 2017. in december 2016, the putative index case of rotavirus in racing pigeons in the state of victoria was confirmed at a regional bird sale, with rapid spread to peri-urban melbourne, the capital city. a survey sent to approximately 400 victorian pigeon fanciers identified eight (of 85 respondents) with a confirmed rotavirus infection in their ... | 2019 | 31140207 |
| parasitic affections of domesticated pigeons (columba livia) in jammu, india | the parasitic fauna of domesticated pigeons in jammu region were not recorded and so a survey was undertaken amongst a population of approximately 4000 birds in twelve areas around jammu. ectoparasites and haemoprotozoa from live birds, and endoparasites from dead birds were recorded. ova shed in feces were also screened in four different seasons. ectoparasites recovered include columbicola columbae, campanulotes bidentatus, pseudolynchia canariensis, ctenocephalides sp., psoroptes sp. a total o ... | 2019 | 31127877 |
| intraocular pressure measurement by rebound tonometry (tonovet) in normal pigeons (columba livia). | we evaluated the applicability of a rebound tonometer (tonovet) in pigeon eyes and established normal reference intraocular pressure (iop) values in healthy pigeons; 20 eyes of euthanized pigeons were used for calibration of the tonovet and 48 eyes of 24 adult pigeons were used for measurement of reference iop. first, iop of pigeon eyes ex vivo were measured using the 'd' and the 'p' modes of the tonovet and compared to manometric iop values from 5 to 80 mm hg. then, to establish normal referenc ... | 2019 | 31124611 |
| ex vivo biomechanical comparison of titanium locking plate, stainless steel nonlocking plate, and tie-in external fixator applied by a dorsal approach on ostectomized humeri of pigeons (columba livia). | to compare the bending strength of a locking plate (lp), nonlocking plate (nlp), and an external skeletal fixator intramedullary pin (esf-im) tie-in fixation applied by a dorsal approach in an avian humerus fracture model, 5 left humeri obtained from pigeon (columba livia) cadavers were randomly assigned to each repair technique (n = 15). the esf-im group was repaired with a 0.062-inch intramedullary pin tied-in with two 0.035-inch positive profile transfixation pins using acrylic filled plastic ... | 2019 | 31124609 |
| detection of chlamydia psittaci genotypes among birds in northeast iran. | we determined the prevalence of chlamydia psittaci genotypes in asymptomatic and symptomatic birds in northeast iran. samples were collected from 11 species of psittaciformes and 1 species of columbiformes from 2015 to 2016. choanal cleft and cloacal swab samples, fresh fecal samples, and/or tissue samples of 70 symptomatic and 130 asymptomatic birds were collected and tested by molecular detection (nested polymerase chain reaction [pcr] testing specific for c psittaci). results showed c psittac ... | 2019 | 31124608 |
| inclusion body herpesvirus hepatitis in captive falcons in the middle east: a review of clinical and pathologic findings. | inclusion body hepatitis in falcons is caused by a herpesvirus designated falconid hv-1. this herpesvirus and other herpesviruses affecting birds of prey have not been assigned to a genus and include inclusion body herpesvirus hepatitis in eagles (accipitrid hv-1) and inclusion body herpesvirus hepatitis in owls (strigid hv-1). herpesvirus infections have been diagnosed in both captive and free-living raptors across europe, north america, and asia in different species of the family falconidae. h ... | 2019 | 31124605 |
| renewal of extinguished behavior in pigeons (columba livia) does not require memory consolidation of acquisition or extinction in a free-operant appetitive conditioning paradigm. | extinction learning is a fundamental capacity for adaptive and flexible behavior. as extinguished conditioned responding is prone to relapse under certain conditions, the necessity of memory consolidation for recovery phenomena to occur has been highlighted recently. several studies have demonstrated that both acquisition and extinction training need to be properly consolidated for a relapse of the original acquired memory trace to occur. does this imply that extinguished responses cannot relaps ... | 2019 | 31102600 |
| the influence of anesthesia with isoflurane on the pulmonary and aortic blood flow of racing pigeons (columba livia f. domestica) measured by pulsed wave doppler echocardiography. | doppler echocardiographic examinations are an important technique for evaluating the blood flow also in avian cardiology. the influence of anesthesia on the blood flow in the heart is in detail unknown for the most avian species. the present study investigated the influence of an isoflurane anesthesia on the systolic blood flow of the aorta and the pulmonary artery in the area of the heart valves examined by pulsed wave doppler sonography in racing pigeons (columba livia f. domestica, n = 43). m ... | 2019 | 31086761 |
| prevalence of intestinal helminth parasites of pigeons (columba livia domestica gmelin 1789) in kano state, north-western nigeria. | in nigeria, helminths have over the last decades been established as important parasite of poultry including pigeons. however, the prevalence of these parasites of pigeons in kano state is yet to be established. the prevalence of helminth parasites of domestic pigeon (columba livia domestica) in kano state, nigeria was investigated in this study. the differences in the prevalence of infection between the pigeons examined on the basis of sex of the pigeon and season of the year were analyzed stat ... | 2019 | 31027594 |
| host defense triggers rapid adaptive radiation in experimentally evolving parasites. | adaptive radiation occurs when the members of a single lineage evolve different adaptive forms in response to selection imposed by competitors or predators. iconic examples include darwin's finches, caribbean anoles, and hawaiian silverswords, all of which live on islands. although adaptive radiation is thought to be an important generator of biodiversity, most studies concern groups that have already diversified. here, we take the opposite approach. we experimentally triggered diversification i ... | 2019 | 31007943 |
| pigeon and poultry breeders, friends or enemies of the northern goshawk accipiter gentilis? a long-term study of a population in central poland. | in this study, we focused on a goshawk population in central poland (study area 105 km²,forests 24 km², seven small forest complexes) which was monitored long-term (with high densitiesrecorded in the 1980s of 16.3 pairs/100 km² despite persecution by farmers) to analyse howenvironmental factors (prey availability and changes in the forest structure) influenced populationabundance, breeding parameters, and diet composition. the study was undertaken from 2011-2018,and the results were compared wit ... | 2019 | 30987031 |
| neurophysiology of avian sleep: comparing natural sleep and isoflurane anesthesia. | propagating slow-waves in electroencephalogram (eeg) or local field potential (lfp) recordings occur during non-rapid eye-movement (nrem) sleep in both mammals and birds. moreover, in both, input from the thalamus is thought to contribute to the genesis of nrem sleep slow-waves. interestingly, the general features of slow-waves are also found under isoflurane anesthesia. however, it is unclear to what extent these slow-waves reflect the same processes as those giving rise to nrem sleep slow-wave ... | 2019 | 30983954 |
| pretectal projections to the oculomotor cerebellum in hummingbirds (calypte anna), zebra finches (taeniopygia guttata), and pigeons (columba livia). | in birds, optic flow is processed by a retinal-recipient nucleus in the pretectum, the nucleus lentiformis mesencephali (lm), which then projects to the cerebellum, a key site for sensorimotor integration. previous studies have shown that the lm is hypertrophied in hummingbirds, and that lm cell response properties differ between hummingbirds and other birds. given these differences in anatomy and physiology, we ask here if there are also species differences in the connectivity of the lm. the lm ... | 2019 | 30950058 |
| work loop dynamics of the pigeon (columba livia) humerotriceps demonstrate potentially diverse roles for active wing morphing. | control of wing shape is believed to be a key feature that allows most birds to produce aerodynamically efficient flight behaviors and high maneuverability. anatomical organization of intrinsic wing muscles suggests specific roles for the different motor elements in wing shape modulation, but testing these hypothesized functions requires challenging measurements of muscle activation and strain patterns, and force dynamics. the wing muscles that have been best characterized during flight are the ... | 2019 | 30890622 |
| poxvirus infection in a colony of laboratory pigeons (columba livia). | pigeons (columba livia) are used in biomedical research for studies of vision, cognition, neuronal pathways, and spatial orientation. because there are few commercial laboratory sources, research pigeons are typically acquired from local fancier breeders or bred onsite. for acquired pigeons, the health and vaccine status is often unknown. a juvenile pigeon, born onsite and living in an enclosed outdoor loft, presented with small, bleeding, wart-like lesions on the medial aspects of digits 1 and ... | 2019 | 30885287 |
| morphological and molecular appraisal of cyclophyllidean cestoda parasite raillietina saudiae sp. nov. infecting the domestic pigeon columba livia domestica and its role as a bio-indicator for environmental quality. | pigeons members of the order columbiformes are a cosmopolitan group of birds with abundant and large populations associated with human activities. therefore, the current study was conducted to determine the parasitic infections within the domestic pigeon columba livia domestica. eighteen pigeons were examined for the presence of gastrointestinal helminths, of which 77.78% were infected with a cyclophyllidean cestoda parasites. the morphology of this parasite based on light and scanning electron ... | 2019 | 30844482 |
| sox10 regulates multiple genes to direct eumelanin versus pheomelanin production in domestic rock pigeon. | the domesticated rock pigeon (columba livia) has been bred for hundreds of years to display an immense variety of ornamental attributes such as feather color and color patterns. color is influenced by multiple loci that impact the type and amount of melanin deposited on the feathers. pigeons homozygous for the "recessive red" mutation, which causes downregulation of sox10, display brilliant red feathers instead of blue/black feathers. sox10 encodes a transcription factor important for melanocyte ... | 2019 | 30838786 |
| differential expression of e- and n- cadherins during gonadal histogenesis in columba livia (aves: columbiformes). | the spatial organization of cells during tissue differentiation is a crucial process in the morphogenesis of vertebrates. this process involves the movement, separation, and connection of cells. it is essential to elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved in these processes for the understanding of animal morphogenesis. cell-cell adhesion molecules, called cadherins, are involved in the selective adhesion of cells. in the case of birds, the expression of these molecules in various organ system ... | 2019 | 30826091 |
| hepcidin cdna evolution in vertebrates. | hepcidin, belonging to the β-defensin family, was isolated for the first time from plasma and human urine. it is a cationic peptide, rich in cysteine bound with four disulfide bridges, which plays a major role in innate immunity and iron homeostasis. some vertebrate species have multiple hepcidin homolog genes and each contains only one copy that functions as an iron regulator except hepcidin sequences in the pigeon (columba livia). the aim of this chapter is to investigate the molecular evoluti ... | 2019 | 30798806 |
| effects of in ovo injection of l-histidine on hatch performance and post-hatch development in domestic pigeons (columba livia). | the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of in ovo injection of histidine on hatch performance and post-hatch development by determining hatchability, hatching time, bw gain, carcass traits, and intestinal morphology in domestic pigeons (columba livia). a completely randomized design (n = 3) with a l-histidine injection treatment (his group, 0.55 mg histidine dissolved in 200 μl 0.75% saline as 1% conc compared to total histidine in the egg), a 0.75% saline injection treatment (sc ... | 2019 | 30753623 |
| shedding of clade 2.3.4.4 h5n8 and h5n2 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in peridomestic wild birds in the u.s. | european starlings (sturnus vulgaris), house sparrows (passer domesticus) and rock pigeons (columba livia) are all wild birds commonly found in large numbers in and around human dwellings and domestic livestock operations. this study evaluated the susceptibility of these species to three strains of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (hp aiv) clade 2.3.4.4 isolated in the u.s.. experimental infection of european starlings and rock pigeons did not result in any overt signs attributable to aiv ... | 2019 | 30740920 |
| exploring the "minimal" structure of a functional adamts13 by mutagenesis and small-angle x-ray scattering. | human adamts13 is a multidomain protein with metalloprotease (m), disintegrin-like (d), thrombospondin-1 (t), cys-rich (c), and spacer (s) domains, followed by 7 additional t domains and 2 cub (complement components c1r and c1s, sea urchin protein uegf, and bone morphogenetic protein-1) domains. adamts13 inhibits the growth of von willebrand factor (vwf)-platelet aggregates by cleaving the cryptic tyr1605-met1606 bond in the vwf a2 domain. adamts13 is regulated by substrate-induced allosteric ac ... | 2019 | 30692120 |
| rapid adjustment of pecking trajectory to prism-induced visual shifts in crows as compared with pigeons. | pecking in birds is analogous to reaching and grasping movements in primates. earlier studies on visuomotor control in birds, which were conducted mostly in pigeons, suggested that avian pecking is controlled feedforwardly, and is out of the control of visual guidance during movement. however, recent studies using crows suggested a role of vision in pecking control during movement. to unveil what visuomotor mechanisms underlie the flexibility of pecking in crows, we examined whether pigeons and ... | 2019 | 30683665 |
| perforating foreign body in the ventriculus of a pet pigeon (columba livia domestica). | case description a 2-year-old female pigeon was evaluated because of a 5-day history of lower than typical activity level, weight loss, and polyuria. clinical findings whole-body radiography revealed a linear metallic foreign body in the area of the ventriculus. fluoroscopy followed by contrast-enhanced ct was performed to further characterize the lesion location, revealing that the foreign body had perforated the ventral aspect of the ventriculus wall and that the ventral extremity of the forei ... | 2018 | 30668254 |
| transcriptomic analysis of the red and green light responses in columba livia domestica. | in this study, 108 paired white king pigeons, randomly divided into three compartments were exposed to green light, red light, and white light followed by 15 h of light exposure, for a 6-month period. three female birds from each group were selected and ovarian stromal tissue was collected. pigeon reproductive data were also recorded every day. we performed transcriptome assembly on several tissue samples using illumina hiseq 2000 and analyzed differentially expressed genes involving follicle de ... | 2019 | 30622858 |
| aging is associated with larger brain mass and volume in homing pigeons (columba livia). | in mammals, the brain decreases in mass and volume as a function of age. the current study is, to the best of our knowledge, the first to investigate age-related changes in brain mass and volume in birds. following perfusion, brains from young and old homing pigeons were weighed on a balance and orthogonal measurements of the telencephalon, cerebellum, and tecta were obtained with a digital caliper. it was found that older pigeons had heavier brains than younger pigeons, a difference that remain ... | 2019 | 30615974 |
| projections of the densocellular part of the hyperpallium in the rostral wulst of pigeons (columba livia). | the wulst in birds shows a four-layered structure: apical part of the hyperpallium (ha), interstitial part of ha (iha), intercalated part of hyperpallium (hi), and densocellular part of hyperpallium (hd). the wulst consists of a small rostral somatosensory region and a larger caudal visual region. the visual hd relays visual information to iha and ha in the wulst and also transfers visual information to the hippocampal formation (atoji et al., j comp neurol 526: 146-165, 2018). however, fiber pa ... | 2019 | 30610876 |
| the importance of checking leishmania promastigotes viability in the proteomics analysis of secretions. | the study was conducted to detect the prevalence of haemoprotozoan parasites in the domestic and wild pigeons in niğde province. | 2018 | 30604686 |
| ectoparasite sharing among native and invasive birds in a metropolitan area. | parasite-mediated competition has been reported to be one of the most harmful, although overlooked, impacts that alien species have on native ecosystems. monk parakeets myiopsitta monachus are successful invaders in europe, where they have been introduced from south america. colonial nests of these parrots may also host other species, e.g. the rock pigeon columba livia forma domestica. in this work, we analysed the ectoparasite composition of monk parakeets in barcelona (spain) and we evaluated ... | 2019 | 30565194 |
| spectral properties of brain activity under two anesthetics and their potential for inducing natural sleep in birds. | both mammals and birds exhibit two sleep states, slow wave sleep (sws) and rapid eye movement (rem) sleep. studying certain aspects of sleep-related electrophysiology in freely behaving animals can present numerous methodological constraints, particularly when even fine body movements interfere with electrophysiological signals. interestingly, under light general anesthesia, mammals and birds also exhibit slow waves similar to those observed during natural sws. for these reasons, slow waves occu ... | 2018 | 30538619 |
| testing analogical rule transfer in pigeons (columba livia). | categorization is an essential cognitive process useful for transferring knowledge from previous experience to novel situations. the mechanisms by which trained categorization behavior extends to novel stimuli, especially in animals, are insufficiently understood. to understand how pigeons learn and transfer category membership, seven pigeons were trained to classify controlled, bi-dimensional stimuli in a two-alternative forced-choice task. following either dimensional, rule-based (rb) or infor ... | 2019 | 30508704 |
| experimental infection of racing pigeons (columba livia domestica) with highly pathogenic clade 2.3.4.4 sub-group b h5n8 avian influenza virus. | reported mass mortalities in wild pigeons and doves during the 2017/2018 clade 2.3.4.4 hpai h5n8 outbreaks in south africa necessitated an investigation of healthy racing pigeons for their susceptibility and ability to transmit a clade 2.3.4.4 sub-group b virus of south african origin. pigeons challenged with medium (104.5 eid50) and high doses (106 eid50) but not a low dose (103 eid50) of virus, shed virus in low levels of <103 eid50/ml from the oropharynx and cloaca for up to eight days, with ... | 2018 | 30473343 |
| prevalence and distribution pattern of intestinal helminths in chicken and pigeons in aswan, upper egypt. | there is scarce data available on helminth infection of poultry in the region of aswan province, upper egypt. a total of 276 poultry (156 baladi chickens and 120 domestic pigeons) were collected from different villages in aswan province to screen the presence of intestinal helminths during the period from april 2016 to march 2017. the current investigation revealed that the overall prevalence was 55.79% (154/276). additionally, 59.09% baladi chickens had mixed infections with four cestodes and t ... | 2019 | 30467814 |
| correction: behavioural traits of individual homing pigeons, columba livia f. domestica, in their homing flights. | [this corrects the article doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201291.]. | 2018 | 30462737 |
| intra-"cortical" activity during avian non-rem and rem sleep: variant and invariant traits between birds and mammals. | several mammalian-based theories propose that the varying patterns of neuronal activity occurring in wakefulness and sleep reflect different modes of information processing. neocortical slow-waves, hippocampal sharp-wave ripples, and thalamocortical spindles occurring during mammalian non-rapid eye-movement (nrem) sleep are proposed to play a role in systems-level memory consolidation. birds show similar nrem and rem (rapid eye-movement) sleep stages to mammals; however, it is unclear whether al ... | 2019 | 30462347 |
| survey of parasites in domestic pigeons (columba livia) in tripoli, libya. | this study was a preliminary survey for identification of parasites (endoparasites and ectoparasites) and their prevalence in domestic pigeons (columba livia) in tripoli; libya. one hundred adult domestic pigeons were purchased from different markets of tripoli. blood smears were prepared from each bird and examined using light microscopy with oil immersion lens for the presence of blood parasites. oropharyngeal swab was taken from each pigeon and were processed through direct smear method and s ... | 2018 | 30425959 |
| physiological, biochemical and histopathological changes associated with heatstroke in the galah (eolophus roseicapilla) and rock dove (columba livia). | the pathophysiology of heat illnesses in birds has not been well characterized. in this study, we describe the changes in heart rate, respiratory rate, blood biochemistry and histopathological findings in galahs and rock doves after heat exposure under standardized conditions designed to induce heatstroke. birds in the heat-exposed group were exposed to environmental heat stress and compared to control birds. both groups of birds were under general anaesthesia throughout the experiment and seria ... | 2019 | 30411638 |
| pigeons simultaneously attend to static and dynamic features of complex displays. | the simultaneous processing and attention to temporally dynamic and static features remains an open and important question in theories of avian visual cognition. here, four pigeons (columba livia) learned to discriminate complex displays involving concurrently available static and dynamic features. these displays consisted of 20 elements built from combinations of two, binary-valued, static visual dimensions: red vs. green element color, large vs. small element size; and two binary-valued dynami ... | 2019 | 30395898 |
| nonapeptide receptor distributions in promising avian models for the neuroecology of flocking. | collective behaviors, including flocking and group vocalizing, are readily observable across a diversity of free-living avian populations, yet we know little about how neural and ecological factors interactively regulate these behaviors. because of their involvement in mediating a variety of social behaviors, including avian flocking, nonapeptides are likely mediators of collective behaviors. to advance the neuroecological study of collective behaviors in birds, we sought to map the neuroanatomi ... | 2018 | 30386202 |
| new records of chewing lice (phthiraptera: amblycera, ischnocera) from egyptian pigeons and doves (columbiformes), with description of one new species. | little information is available about the chewing lice of wild birds of egypt, including common groups such as pigeons and doves (columbiformes). through this work, parasitic chewing lice of common columbiformes of egypt were revised including new data. three species of pigeons and doves (streptopelia decaocto frivaldszky 1838, spilopelia senegalensis linnaeus 1766 and columba livia gmelin 1789) were examined for chewing lice at three different localities. a total of 124 specimens of lice were c ... | 2019 | 30385218 |
| immunogenicity of pigeon circovirus recombinant capsid protein in pigeons. | pigeon circovirus (picv) is the most frequently diagnosed virus in pigeons and is thought to be one of the causative factors of a complex disease called the young pigeon disease syndrome (ypds). the development of a vaccine against this virus could be a strategy for ypds control. since laboratory culture of picv is impossible, its recombinant capsid protein (rcp) can be considered as a potential antigen candidate in sub-unit vaccines. the aim of this basic research was to evaluate the immune res ... | 2018 | 30384424 |
| object permanence in the pigeon (columba livia): insertion of a delay prior to choice facilitates visible- and invisible-displacement accuracy. | object permanence, often viewed as a measure of human cognitive development, has also been used to assess animals' cognitive abilities. tests of object permanence have distinguished between visible displacement, in which an object may be placed into one of two (or more) containers to be retrieved, and invisible displacement, in which after the object is placed into the container, the container is moved before retrieval is attempted. we tested pigeons' accuracy on both visible and invisible displ ... | 2019 | 30382709 |
| comparative anatomical studies on the glandular stomach of the rock pigeon (columba livia targia) and the egyptian laughing dove (streptopelia senegalensis aegyptiaca). | the rock pigeon (rp) and the laughing dove (ld) are common and widely distributed species in african countries, including egypt. the present work was carried out to characterize the comparative features of the glandular stomach (proventriculus) in these two birds, which share diets and habitats. in both species, the proventriculus is an elongated spindle obliquely situated in the cranial two-thirds of the body cavity. the length and weight of the proventriculus in the rp were about one and half ... | 2019 | 30370573 |
| requiem for a heavyweight - can anything more be learned from homing pigeons about the sensory and spatial-representational basis of avian navigation? | the homing pigeon (columba livia) has long served as a study species to exhaustively investigate the sensory and spatial (map)-representational mechanisms that guide avian navigation. however, several factors have contributed to recent questioning of whether homing pigeons are as valuable as they once were as a general model for the study of the sensory and map-like, spatial-representational mechanisms of avian navigation. these reservations include: the success of this research program in unvei ... | 2018 | 30348670 |
| human activities and landscape features interact to closely define the distribution and dispersal of an urban commensal. | the rock pigeon, columba livia, is a cosmopolitan human commensal, domesticated thousands of years ago. however, the human-mediated factors governing its distribution and dispersal are not well understood. in this study, we performed (a) hierarchical distance sampling on ~400 island-wide point transects, (b) a population genomic inquiry based on ~7,000 snps from almost 150 individuals, and (c) landscape genomic analyses on the basis of extensive ecological and socio-economic databases to charact ... | 2018 | 30344630 |
| dose-related impacts of imidacloprid oral intoxication on brain and liver of rock pigeon (columba livia domestica), residues analysis in different organs. | available data regarding imidacloprid (imi) insecticide hazards to birds are still being scare. our study aimed to investigate toxic impacts of imi oral gavage by different dose levels on the brain and liver of rock pigeon (columba livia domestica). forty mature male birds were divided equally into four groups. a control group (c) was orally dosed mazola corn oil and other three groups; the low dose (ld), the medium dose (md), and the high dose (hd) groups were orally dosed imi in mazola corn oi ... | 2019 | 30296697 |
| first isolation and molecular characterization of cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii in excreta of birds in the urban perimeter of the municipality of popayán, colombia. | cryptococcosis is a systemic opportunistic mycosis, caused by cryptococcus neoformans and cryptococcus gattii, which affects mainly the central nervous system of immunocompromised patients; no reports have been made on the isolation of the fungus from the environment of popayán, colombia. | 2019 | 30274952 |
| behavioural traits of individual homing pigeons, columba livia f. domestica, in their homing flights. | homing tracks of two groups of pigeons, columba livia f. domestica, were analyzed in view of difference between individual birds and correlations between characteristic variables, looking at the initial phase while the pigeons were still at the release site, and the homing phase separately. individual birds differed significantly in their flying speed during the initial phase, and one pigeon tended to stay longer at the release site than the others. there were no significant differences in stead ... | 2018 | 30260962 |
| prevalence of haemoproteus columbae (apicomplexa: haemoproteidae) and trichomonas gallinae (metamonada: trichomonadidae) infections among pigeons (columba livia) in west azerbaijan province, iran. | a cross-sectional survey was performed on domestic pigeons (columba liviadomestica) to evaluate the prevalence of haemoproteus columbae and trichomonas gallinae in west azerbaijan province, northwest of iran between july 2015 and september 2016. five hundred and sixty oropharyngeal swab smears were examined, 297 (53%) of which were identified to be positive for t. gallinae. also, the results obtained from blood smears examination indicated that 115 (20.5%) cases were found to be infected with h. ... | 2018 | 30242806 |
| sarcocystis calchasi outbreak in feral rock pigeons ( columba livia) in california. | twenty-two feral rock pigeons ( columba livia) from 10 counties in california with ataxia, torticollis, and difficulty standing and flying were admitted to rehabilitation centers in late winter and spring of 2017 and died or were euthanized. common necropsy findings included thin body condition, generalized deep red discoloration of organs, and hemorrhagic subcutaneous neck tissues. meningoencephalitis was observed microscopically in 16 pigeons, and 3 also had protozoal schizonts in the brain. t ... | 2019 | 30222062 |
| homing pigeons. | dora biro introduces homing domestic pigeons specialized for messaging duties. | 2018 | 30205071 |
| a novel group a rotavirus associated with acute illness and hepatic necrosis in pigeons (columba livia), in australia. | cases of vomiting and diarrhoea were reported in racing pigeons in western australia in may, 2016. morbidity and mortality rates were high. similar clinical disease was seen in victoria in december and by early 2017 had been reported in all states except the northern territory, in different classes of domestic pigeon-racing, fancy and meat bird-and in a flock of feral pigeons. autopsy findings were frequently unremarkable; histological examination demonstrated significant hepatic necrosis as the ... | 2018 | 30204797 |
| head-mounted sensors reveal visual attention of free-flying homing pigeons. | gaze behavior offers valuable insights into attention and cognition. however, technological limitations have prevented the examination of animals' gaze behavior in natural, information-rich contexts; for example, during navigation through complex environments. therefore, we developed a lightweight custom-made logger equipped with an inertial measurement unit (imu) and gps to simultaneously track the head movements and flight trajectories of free-flying homing pigeons. pigeons have a limited rang ... | 2018 | 30190414 |
| characterization, functional and signaling elucidation of pigeon (columba livia) interferon-α: knockdown p53 negatively modulates antiviral response. | the regulation of interferon-α signaling pathways is essential to protect the host from infection with a broad range of viruses. however, information regarding antiviral response and the specific molecular mechanism of columba livia interferon-α (coifn-α) has not been reported to date. in this study, we cloned a 723bp complete orf of coifn-α gene. the specific antiviral activity of coifn-α in vsv (tcid50 = 10-5.87/100 μl)-infected cefs reached 5.5 × 105 u/mg. moreover, our result indicated that ... | 2019 | 30170033 |
| prevalence and molecular characterization of trichomonas gallinae from domestic pigeons in beijing, china. | trichomonas gallinae is a globally distributed protozoan parasite, mainly affect the upper avian digestive tract and can bring huge economic losses to pigeon industry. the objective of the present study was to determine the prevalence and genotypes of t. gallinae in beijing, china. a total of 569 samples of throat swabs of pigeon were collected from pigeon farms in shunyi district, fangshan district, daxing district and miyun district of beijing. the overall prevalence was 28.30%. the significan ... | 2018 | 30145387 |
| overwintering behavior of drosophila suzukii, and potential springtime diets for egg maturation. | spotted wing drosophila, drosophila suzukii (matsumura) (diptera: drosophilidae), is a serious agricultural pest, which lays eggs in ripe and ripening fruits of several cultivated and wild host plants. here we explore several factors that may be critical to winter survival and improve d. suzukii's ability to successfully overwinter in northern climates and reestablish populations in the spring. cold acclimation improved mobility in low-temperature laboratory mobility assays and improved survivor ... | 2018 | 30124807 |
| early embryonic modification of maternal hormones differs systematically among embryos of different laying order: a study in birds. | vertebrate embryos are exposed to maternal hormones that can profoundly affect their later phenotype. although it is known that the embryo can metabolize these maternal hormones, the metabolic outcomes, their quantitative dynamics and timing are poorly understood. moreover, it is unknown whether embryos can adjust their metabolic activity to, for example, hormones or other maternal signals. we studied the dynamics of maternal steroids in fertilized and unfertilized rock pigeon eggs during early ... | 2018 | 30110617 |
| columbid circoviruses detected in free ranging pigeons from southern brazil: insights on picv evolution. | pigeon circovirus (picv) is taxonomically classified as a member of the circovirus genus, family circoviridae. the virus contains a single stranded dna genome of approximately 2 kb, with minor length variations among different isolates. the occurrence of picv infections in pigeons (columba livia) has been documented worldwide over the past 20 years; however, in brazil there were still no reports on picv detection. this study identifies seven picv genomes recovered from domestic pigeons of south ... | 2018 | 30105520 |
| a comprehensive analysis of the genomic organization, expression and phylogeny of immunoglobulin light chain genes in pigeon (columba livia). | previous studies on immunoglobulin light chain (igl) genes in avian species are limited to galloanseres, and few studies have investigated igl genes in neoaves, which includes most living birds. based on published genome data, we demonstrate that the pigeon (columba livia) igl locus spans approximately 24 kb of dna and contains twenty vλ segments located upstream of a single pair of jλ-cλ. among the identified vλ gene segments, four segments are structurally intact and all four segments are able ... | 2018 | 30096338 |
| persistent pigeons (columba livia) learn how to produce a list. | in the featured article for this issue of the journal of comparative psychology, scarf, johnston, and colombo (2018) showed that pigeons learned to reproduce (by pecking icons presented on a screen) a four-item serially ordered list without specific training on that list, as macaques did (figure 1). in scarf et al.'s (2018) study, all five birds given structured training subsequently mastered multiple sets of two-item, then three-item, and finally four-item lists, with a diminishing training reg ... | 2018 | 30080070 |
| defining host range: host-parasite compatibility during the non-infective phase of the parasite also matters. | host range and parasite specificity determine key epidemiological, ecological and evolutionary aspects of host-parasite interactions. parasites are usually classified as generalists or specialists based on the number of hosts they feed on. yet, the requirements of the various stages of a parasite may influence the suitability of a given host species. here, we investigate the generalist nature of three common ectoparasites (the dipteran carnus hemapterus and two species of louse flies, pseudolync ... | 2019 | 30066668 |
| gonadal steroid levels in rock pigeon eggs do not represent adequately maternal allocation. | maternal hormones deposited in the egg can provide a powerful model for the study of maternal effects. the differential amount of maternal hormones in the yolk of freshly laid eggs is assumed to represent differential maternal allocation. however, some evidence suggests that these amounts do not reflect maternal allocation that in fact takes place before ovulation. we compared the amounts of a wide array of gonadal steroids and their metabolites in the yolk of pre-ovulatory follicles with those ... | 2018 | 30046065 |
| molecular characterization of two novel sub-sublineages of pigeon paramyxovirus type 1 in china. | pigeon paramyxovirus type 1 (ppmv-1) infection is enzootic in pigeon flocks and poses a potential risk to the poultry industry in china. to gain insight into the biological characteristics and transmission routes of circulating ppmv-1 in pigeons, 13 ppmv-1 isolates from domestic pigeons isolated during 2011-2015 in guangxi province, china, were characterized using a pathogenicity assessment and phylogenetic analysis. all ppmv-1 isolates were mesogenic or lentogenic strains and had a mean death t ... | 2018 | 30043204 |
| setting the bar. | analyzing the genomes of rock pigeons demonstrates that genetic variation comes in many forms and can have unexpected origins. | 2018 | 30015614 |
| introgression of regulatory alleles and a missense coding mutation drive plumage pattern diversity in the rock pigeon. | birds and other vertebrates display stunning variation in pigmentation patterning, yet the genes controlling this diversity remain largely unknown. rock pigeons (columba livia) are fundamentally one of four color pattern phenotypes, in decreasing order of melanism: t-check, checker, bar (ancestral), or barless. using whole-genome scans, we identified ndp as a candidate gene for this variation. allele-specific expression differences in ndp indicate cis-regulatory divergence between ancestral and ... | 2018 | 30014848 |
| association of adsl gene polymorphisms with meat quality and carcass traits in domestic pigeons (columba livia). | 1. adenylosuccinate lyase (adsl) plays an important role in the synthesis of inosine monophosphate (imp). in this trial, a total of 200 pigeons were sampled and slaughtered. seven meat quality traits and 11 carcass traits were measured. dna sequencing was used to detect nucleotide mutations, and associations between adsl gene polymorphisms and meat quality and carcass traits were analysed. 2. sequencing results showed that 9 nucleotide mutations were found in the exons of the adsl gene. all the ... | 2018 | 29963908 |
| the peregrine falcon's rapid dive: on the adaptedness of the arm skeleton and shoulder girdle. | during a dive, peregrine falcons (falco peregrinus) can reach a velocity of up to 320 km h- 1. our computational fluid dynamics simulations show that the forces that pull on the wings of a diving peregrine can reach up to three times the falcon's body mass at a stoop velocity of 80 m s- 1 (288 km h- 1). since the bones of the wings and the shoulder girdle of a diving peregrine falcon experience large mechanical forces, we investigated these bones. for comparison, we also investigated the corresp ... | 2018 | 29959501 |
| molecular cloning, characterization, and functional analysis of pigeon (columba livia) toll-like receptor 5. | toll-like receptors (tlrs) are pattern recognition receptors that are vital for the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns. tlr5 is responsible for the recognition of bacterial flagellin to induce the nf-κb activation and innate immune responses. in this study, we cloned and identified the tlr5 gene from the king pigeon (columba livia) designated as pitlr5. full-length pitlr5 cdna (2583 bp) encoded an 860-amino acid protein containing a signal peptide sequence, 10 leucine-rich rep ... | 2018 | 29945253 |
| pigeons (columba livia) learn a four-item list by trial and error. | the aim of the current study was to assess whether pigeons could acquire a four-item list by trial and error. pigeons received either extensive list training prior to being tested on a novel four-item list (i.e., the full-training group) or very limited training (i.e., the limited-training group). specifically, subjects in the full-training group were trained to acquire a large set of two-item lists by trial and error, then a large set of three-item lists, and finally a large set of four-item li ... | 2018 | 29927268 |
| emerging category representation in the visual forebrain hierarchy of pigeons (columba livia). | recognizing and categorizing visual stimuli are cognitive functions vital for survival, and an important feature of visual systems in primates as well as in birds. visual stimuli are processed along the ventral visual pathway. at every stage in the hierarchy, neurons respond selectively to more complex features, transforming the population representation of the stimuli. it is therefore easier to read-out category information in higher visual areas. while explicit category representations have be ... | 2019 | 29885380 |
| comparative chromosome painting in columbidae (columbiformes) reinforces divergence in passerea and columbea. | pigeons and doves (columbiformes) are one of the oldest and most diverse extant lineages of birds. however, the karyotype evolution within columbiformes remains unclear. to delineate the synteny-conserved segments and karyotypic differences among four columbidae species, we used chromosome painting from gallus gallus (gga, 2n = 78) and leucopternis albicollis (lal, 2n = 68). besides that, a set of painting probes for the eared dove, zenaida auriculata (zau, 2n = 76), was generated from flow-sort ... | 2018 | 29882066 |
| effects of nidopallium caudolaterale inactivation on serial-order behavior in pigeons ( columba livia). | serial-order behavior is the ability to complete a sequence of responses in a predetermined order to achieve a reward. in birds, serial-order behavior is thought to be impaired by damage to the nidopallium caudolaterale (ncl). in the current study, we examined the role of the ncl in serial-order behavior by training pigeons on a 4-item serial-order task and a go/no-go discrimination task. following training, pigeons received infusions of 1 μl of either tetrodotoxin (ttx) or saline. saline infusi ... | 2018 | 29873614 |
| prevalence and risk factors of trichomonas gallinae and trichomonosis in golden eagle ( aquila chrysaetos) nestlings in western north america. | avian trichomonosis, caused by the protozoan trichomonas gallinae, affects bird-eating raptors worldwide. raptors can develop trichomonosis by feeding on infected prey, particularly rock pigeons (c olumba livia), which are a reservoir for t. gallinae. raptors may be particularly vulnerable to t. gallinae infection in degraded habitats, where changes in resources may cause raptors to switch from foraging on native prey to synanthropic avian species such as rock pigeons. golden eagles ( aquila chr ... | 2018 | 29863970 |
| prevalence of toxoplasma gondii, neospora caninum, and sarcocystis species dna in the heart and breast muscles of rock pigeons (columbia livia). | little is known about the prevalence of protozoan parasites in the muscles of rock pigeons (columbia livia). the muscles from 54 (heart from 45 and breast from 54) rock pigeons were examined for dna of toxoplasma gondii, neospora caninum, and sarcocystis species using pcr. twenty-four were female and 30 were males. the birds were part of flocks of pigeons housed at the tombs of saints in lahore, pakistan. birds that died or were euthanized due to poor health were submitted for necropsy at the de ... | 2018 | 29854422 |
| genetic characterization of 11 microsatellite loci in egyptian pigeons (columba livia domestica) and their cross-species amplification in other columbidae populations. | this study aimed to analyze the genetic diversity and relationships of 10 egyptian pigeon populations belonging to columba livia domestica speciesusing 11 microsatellite markers and to investigate the success of these markers amplification across another eight pigeon species. | 2018 | 29805216 |
| anatomical, histological and immunohistochemical study of testicular development in columba livia (aves: columbiformes). | in this work, testicular ontogeny is analyzed at the anatomical, histological and immunohistochemical levels; the latter through the detection of gnrhr and pcna in the testicles of embryos, neonates and juveniles of columba livia. we analyzed 150 embryos, 25 neonates and 5 juveniles by means of observations under a stereoscopic magnifying glass and scanning electron microscope (sem). the histological analysis was performed using hematoxylin-eosin staining techniques and the pas reaction. for the ... | 2018 | 29776745 |
| phoretic dispersal influences parasite population genetic structure. | dispersal is a fundamental component of the life history of most species. dispersal influences fitness, population dynamics, gene flow, genetic drift and population genetic structure. even small differences in dispersal can alter ecological interactions and trigger an evolutionary cascade. linking such ecological processes with evolutionary patterns is difficult, but can be carried out in the proper comparative context. here, we investigate how differences in phoretic dispersal influence the pop ... | 2018 | 29752753 |
| post-hatching growth of the pectoralis muscle in pigeon and its functional implications. | the avian pectoralis muscle is responsible for the wing's downstroke, which provides birds with lift and thrust for flight. in the present study, architectural parameters were investigated through growth in the pigeon (columba livia), an altricial bird species, from the ages of 4 days to 12 months, in order to assess the morphological changes and effects of increasing body mass. muscle mass, fascicle length (fl), and physiological cross-sectional area (pcsa) increased with strong positive allome ... | 2018 | 29729220 |
| genomic insights into natural selection in the common loon (gavia immer): evidence for aquatic adaptation. | the common loon (gavia immer) is one of five species that comprise the avian order gaviiformes. loons are specialized divers, reaching depths up to 60 m while staying submerged for intervals up to three minutes. in this study we used comparative genomics to investigate the genetic basis of the common loon adaptations to its ecological niche. we used illumina short read dna sequence data from a female bird to produce a draft assembly of the common loon (gavia immer) genome. | 2018 | 29703132 |
| identification of a transcriptionally forward α gene and two υ genes within the pigeon (columba livia) igh gene locus. | compared with mammals, the bird ig genetic system relies on gene conversion to create an ab repertoire, with inversion of the iga-encoding gene and very few cases of ig subclass diversification. although gene conversion has been studied intensively, class-switch recombination, a mechanism by which the igh c region is exchanged, has rarely been investigated in birds. in this study, based on the published genome of pigeon (columba livia) and high-throughput transcriptome sequencing of immune-relat ... | 2018 | 29686053 |
| pigeons deploy selective attention to efficiently learn a stagewise multidimensional visual discrimination task. | we trained 8 pigeons (columba livia) on a stagewise go/no-go visual discrimination task of increasing complexity, to document the dynamics of selective attention. we constructed negative compound stimuli (s-s) on the basis of their overall similarity to a positive compound stimulus (s+) along 4 binary-valued dimensions: shape (circle/square), size (large/small), line orientation (horizontal/vertical), and brightness (dark/light). starting with 1 s+ and 1 s- that differed in all 4 dimensional val ... | 2018 | 29683695 |
| the field efficacy of nigella sativa and berberis vulgaris methanolic extracts against haemoproteus columbae. | the methanolic extracts of nigella satival. seeds (mens) and berberis vulgaris l.(mebv) were investigated for treatment of haemoproteus columbae-infected pigeons (columba livia domestica). | 2020 | 29632842 |
| personality and the collective: bold homing pigeons occupy higher leadership ranks in flocks. | while collective movement is ecologically widespread and conveys numerous benefits on individuals, it also poses a coordination problem: who controls the group's movements? the role that animal 'personalities' play in this question has recently become a focus of research interest. although many animal groups have distributed leadership (i.e. multiple individuals influence collective decisions), studies linking personality and leadership have focused predominantly on the group's single most influ ... | 2018 | 29581403 |
| effect of the exploratory behaviour on a bird's ability to categorize a predator. | despite the encountering of a predator always being extremely threatening, there is a significant plasticity among individuals in how they cope with such a situation. in laboratory experiments with wild-caught great tits (parus major), we tested the effect of exploratory behaviour (performance in novel food, object and environment test, startle test) on the ability of individual birds to assess the threat represented by a predator. we presented a wooden dummy of the european sparrowhawk (accipit ... | 2018 | 29581025 |
| pigeons at the edge of the empire: bioarchaeological evidences for extensive management of pigeons in a byzantine desert settlement in the southern levant. | metric data of 6th century ce pigeons from the negev desert, israel, are employed to test competing hypotheses on flock management strategies: that directed selection for size or shape took place under intensive management; or, alternatively, that stabilizing selection was a stronger determinant of size and shape under extensive management conditions. the results of the analysis support the second hypothesis by demonstrating that the byzantine negev pigeons were like wild pigeon (columba livia) ... | 2018 | 29561880 |
| changes in hormone profiles, growth factors, and mrna expression of the related receptors in crop tissue, relative organ weight, and serum biochemical parameters in the domestic pigeon (columba livia) during incubation and chick-rearing periods under artificial farming conditions. | the present study was conducted to determine the changes in concentrations of hormones and growth factors and their related receptor gene expressions in crop tissue, relative organ weight, and serum biochemical parameters in male and female pigeons during incubation and chick-rearing periods under artificial farming conditions. seventy-eight pairs of 60-week-old white king pigeons with 2 fertile eggs per pair were randomly divided into 13 groups by different breeding stages. serum prolactin and ... | 2018 | 29554306 |
| improved genome assembly and annotation for the rock pigeon (columba livia). | the domestic rock pigeon (columba livia) is among the most widely distributed and phenotypically diverse avian species. c. livia is broadly studied in ecology, genetics, physiology, behavior, and evolutionary biology, and has recently emerged as a model for understanding the molecular basis of anatomical diversity, the magnetic sense, and other key aspects of avian biology. here we report an update to the c. livia genome reference assembly and gene annotation dataset. greatly increased scaffold ... | 2018 | 29519939 |
| gastrointestinal parasites in captive and free-ranging birds and potential cross-transmission in a zoo environment. | gastrointestinal parasites are commonly reported in wild birds, but transmission amongst avifauna in zoological settings, and between these captive birds and wild birds in surrounding areas, remains poorly understood. a survey was undertaken to investigate the occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites in captive and free-ranging birds at bristol zoo gardens between may and july 2016. a total of 348 fecal samples from 32 avian species were examined using the mini-flotac flotation method. parasites ... | 2018 | 29517437 |
| association of dopamine d2 receptor gene polymorphisms with reproduction traits in domestic pigeons (columba livia). | dopamine inhibited prolactin secretion via dopamine d2 receptor (drd2) at the pituitary level, but its effects on reproduction in pigeons are unclear. in this study, single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) in the exons of drd2 gene were identified and analyzed by using dna sequencing methods in 60 female domestic pigeons (columba livia), and the association between drd2 polymorphisms and reproduction traits was also analyzed. sequencing results showed that 7 nucleotide mutations were detected in ... | 2017 | 32908403 |
| comparative transmission dynamics of competing parasite species. | competition-colonization trade-off models explain the coexistence of competing species in terms of a trade-off between competitive ability and the ability to colonize competitor-free patches of habitat. a simple prediction of these models is that inferior competitors will be superior dispersers. this prediction has seldom been tested in natural populations because measuring dispersal is difficult. host-parasite systems are promising in this regard, especially those involving "permanent" parasite ... | 2008 | 31766819 |
| health status of free-living pigeons in the city of santiago. | a total of 100 free-living urban pigeons (columba livia) were captured in the city of santiago, chile, in order to evaluate, for the first time, their health status. negligible antibody titres (1 to 3 log2) were detected in 22% of the birds against a strain of the paramyxovirus (pmv) serotype 1. no pigeons had antibodies against pmv serotype 7 and avian influenza. salmonella sp. belonging to serogroups b and d were isolated from the intestinal tract of three pigeons (3%). the protozoa haemoprote ... | 1999 | 27266433 |
| neuromuscular organization of avian flight muscle: morphology and contractile properties of motor units in the pectoralis (pars thoracicus) of pigeon (columba livia). | we used acid digestion and glycogen depletion to determine fascicle organization, fiber morphology, and physiological and anatomical features of individual motor units of an in-series muscle, the pectoralis (pars thoracicus) of the pigeon (columba livia). most fascicles are attached at one end to connective tissue. average fiber length in the four regions examined range from 42% to 66% of average fascicle length. more than 65% of fibers are blunt at one end of a fascicle and taper intrafascicula ... | 1998 | 29852684 |
| adaptive changes in the epidermal structure of the heat-acclimated rock pigeon (columba livia): a comparative electron microscopy study. | the purpose of this study was to find out whether the microstructure of the highly permeable skin of heat-acclimated pigeons allowing increased evaporative cooling differs from the skin of pigeons in the non-acclimated or cold-acclimated state. in addition, the correlation between epidermal morphology and cutaneous water evaporation in heat-acclimated pigeons was elucidated. the epidermis of heat-acclimated pigeons differs in several respects from the epidermis of non-acclimated or cold-acclimat ... | 1998 | 29852630 |
| functional anatomy of the pigeon hand (columba livia): a muscle stimulation study. | the morphology and function of all muscles controlling the pigeon hand were analyzed. muscle action was determined in situ by inducing contraction via silver wire electrodes in anesthetized birds. emg electrodes were implanted in the test muscle and an adjacent muscle to monitor contraction and volume conduction respectively. results indicate that pigeons have fine control of hand and digit movements. however, the directions of movement are restricted. movements have been eliminated or severely ... | 1995 | 29865332 |
| skull mechanics in the pigeon, columba livia, a three-dimensional kinematic model. | | 1992 | 29865599 |
| a doctor's use of the carrier pigeon. | | 1880 | 29638850 |
| very virulent infectious bursal disease virus infection caused changes in cloacal temperature and clinical manifestations in pigeons (columba livia domestica) and is transmitted to sentinel chickens. | in this study, changes in cloacal temperature and clinical manifestations due to very virulent infectious bursal disease virus (vvibdv) infection in pigeons (columba livia domestica) and transmission to chickens were demonstrated. thirty pigeons (3-6 weeks old) and thirty chickens (3 weeks old) divided into 4 groups (i-iv) were used for this study. group i comprised of 10 uninoculated pigeons only; ii comprised of 10 inoculated pigeons and 10 sentinel chickens; iii comprised of 10 sentinel pigeo ... | 2021 | 34347239 |
| pigeons (columba livia domestica) are susceptible to infectious bursal disease: a comparative study of their hematological and serum biochemical alterations. | the hematological and serum biochemical alterations following very virulent infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) infection in pigeons and chickens were evaluated in this study. sixty ibdv seronegative birds comprising 30 (3-6 weeks old) pigeons and 30 (3 weeks old) chickens were randomly divided as follows: 10 uninoculated pigeons only, 10 inoculated pigeons + 10 sentinel chickens, 10 inoculated chickens + 10 sentinel pigeons, and 10 uninoculated chickens. inoculated birds were administered 0. ... | 2021 | 34150893 |
| a pilot study investigating the dynamics of pigeon circovirus recombination in domesticated pigeons housed in a single loft. | pigeon circovirus (picv) infects pigeon populations worldwide and has been associated with immunosuppression in younger pigeons. recombination is a common mechanism of evolution that has previously been shown in various members of the circoviridae family, including picv. in this study, three groups of pigeons acquired from separate lofts were screened for picv, and their genome sequence was determined. following this, they were housed in a single loft for 22 days, during which blood and cloacal ... | 2021 | 34067378 |