| molecular cloning, characterization, and temporal expression profile of troponin i type 1 (tnni1) gene in skeletal muscle during early development of gaoyou duck (anas platyrhynchos domestica). | tnni1 encodes the slow skeletal muscle isoform of troponin i. in the present study, the basic characteristic and expressing profile of the tnni1 gene was first explored in gaoyou ducks. full-length tnni1 cdna of gaoyou duck was obtained using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and rapid amplification of cdna ends (race). the cdna consisted of a 57-base pair (bp) 5'utr, a 345-bp 3'utr, and a 564-bp open reading frame. the predicted protein was predicted to be hydrophilic, no ... | 2019 | 29557225 |
| comparative analysis of campylobacter isolates from wild birds and chickens using maldi-tof ms, biochemical testing, and dna sequencing. | matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) was compared to conventional biochemical testing methods and nucleic acid analyses (16s rdna sequencing, hippurate hydrolysis gene testing, whole genome sequencing [wgs]) for species identification of campylobacter isolates obtained from chickens ( gallus gallus domesticus, n = 8), american crows ( corvus brachyrhynchos, n = 17), a mallard duck ( anas platyrhynchos, n = 1), and a western scrub-jay ( aphel ... | 2018 | 29528812 |
| sperm quality parameters and reproductive efficiency in muscovy duck (cairina moschata). | the in vitro sperm quality parameters (motility, m; viability, v; normal morphology, nm; plasma membrane integrity, pmi; mitochondrial function, mf) in muscovy drakes (cairina moschata) were evaluated by using microscopy and flow cytometry, the correlation among sperm quality parameters and results of artificial insemination was also assessed in present study. m, v and nm were detected by phase contrast microscopy assisted with eosinnigrosin staining, and pmi and mf were detected by using flow c ... | 2016 | 32908388 |
| first report of anatoecus dentatus in domestic duck (anas platyrhynchos domesticus, linnaeus, 1978) from southern india. | parasitic infection is one of the prime causes for morbidity and mortality of ducks in india. ducks have the habit of wading through the water resources especially paddy fields and feeding on snail which favours occurrence of various parasites. among the parasites, lice infestation affects growth and productivity of ducks by way of irritation. lice are well adapted as external parasites and usually are more a nuisance than a threat to their hosts. a nomadic farmer from mannargudi area of cauvery ... | 2016 | 29988198 |
| urocortin-like immunoreactivity in the primary lymphoid organs of the duck (anas platyrhynchos). | urocortin (ucn) is a 40 aminoacid peptide which belongs to corticotropin-releasing factor (crf) family. this family of peptides stimulates the secretion of proopiomelanocortin (pomc)-derived peptides, adrenocorticotropic hormone (acth), β-endorphin and melanocyte-stimulating hormone (msh) in the pituitary gland. in the present study, using western blotting and immunohistochemistry, the distribution of ucn in the primary lymphoid organs of the duck was investigated at different ages. in the cloac ... | 2009 | 30256876 |
| biocatalytic properties of a novel crude glycyrrhizin hydrolase from the liver of the domestic duck. | a novel crude glycyrrhizin (gl) hydrolase preparation from the liver of domestic duck was used to produce glycyrrhetic acid monoglucuronide. to characterize the biocatalytic profiles of the crude enzyme, some effect factors were investigated. it had an apparent optimal ph of 6.0 and an optimal temperature at 55 °c. most of the metal ions tested and ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid showed little effect on the crude enzyme activity except cu2+. the enzyme was stable only at ph 6. it was more pro ... | 2006 | 32288601 |
| configuration of the medial and lateral segments of duck (anas platyrhynchos) salt glands. | salt glands of the domestic duck anas platyrhynchos differ from those of the herring gull larus argentatus and other birds. in ducks, each salt gland consists of distinct medial and lateral segments. centrally located drainage ducts that extend along the entire length of these medial and lateral segments collect hypertonic fluid secreted by an array of lobules. each lobule is formed by a single mass of branched tubules in which the direction of capillary blood flow is opposite to that of the sec ... | 1991 | 29865521 |
| mechanics of drinking in the mallard (anas platyrhynchos, anatidae). | water drinking in the mallard is accomplished by a fine-tuned set of movements of upper and lower jaw and of the tongue. during immersion of the tips of the bill, the oral cavity is formed into smaller volumes containing water and into connecting tubes. two mechanisms serve the water transport: (1) lingual and jaw movements press water from the water-containing spaces into the tubes; (2) a quantitative simulation of the shape of the oral cavity during immersion shows that the two tubes are so na ... | 1989 | 29865628 |
| annular bands of lymphoid tissue in the intestine of the mallard duck anas platyrhynchos. | the annular bands were studied by light and scanning electron microscopy in normal and hormonally bursectomized ducks (anas platyrhynchos). the four annular bands are normal lymphoid structures of 5-10 mm wide and encircle the intestine at regularly spaced position, two on each side of meckel's diverticulum. the anterior three are well defined, complete rings whereas the posterior-most encompasses about one half of the gut circumference. the bands are characterized by prominent follicles in the ... | 1980 | 30157609 |
| importance of choline, betaine and methionine as lipotropic factors in domestic duck. | | 1949 | 18151974 |
| behavior of osteoclasts vis-à-vis non calcified bone spans, in domestic duck. | | 1947 | 18906278 |
| ndispensable role of parathyroids in the calcification of folliculinic bone in domestic ducks. | | 1945 | 21023493 |
| molecular characterization and functional analysis of duck ccch-type zinc finger antiviral protein (zap). | this is the first study to clone duck ccch-type zinc finger antiviral protein (duzap) from jingjiang duck (anas platyrhynchos). full-length duzap cdna was 2154 bp and encoded a 717-amino acid polypeptide containing four highly conserved ccch-type finger motifs, a wwe domain and a poly (adp-ribose) polymerase (parp) domain. duzap was expressed in multiple duck tissues, with the highest mrna expression in the spleen. overexpression of duzap in duck embryo fibroblast cells (defs) led to activation ... | 2021 | 34020141 |
| development and validation of a universal one-step rt-pcr assay for broad detection of duck tembusu virus. | duck tembusu virus (dtmuv), a mosquito-borne flavivirus, has been identified as a causative agent of an emerging disease in ducks. since its first report in 2010, several clusters of dtmuv have increasingly been identified and caused outbreaks in many asian countries. this highlights the need for improved and novel broad detection assays in order to detect all circulating clusters of dtmuv. in this study, a universal one-step reverse-transcription pcr (rt-pcr) assay targeting a highly conserved ... | 2020 | 33205167 |
| glucose homeostasis is dysregulated in ducks infected with duck hepatitis b virus. | the association between hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection and the development of diabetes remains controversial. this study examined the effect of hbv infection on glucose homeostasis using a duck hbv (dhbv) model. | 2021 | 34167117 |
| host range of influenza a virus h1 to h16 in eurasian ducks based on tissue and receptor binding studies. | dabbling and diving ducks partly occupy shared habitats but have been reported to play different roles in wildlife infectious disease dynamics. influenza a virus (iav) epidemiology in wild birds has been based primarily on surveillance programs focused on dabbling duck species, particularly mallard (anas platyrhynchos). surveillance in eurasia has shown that in mallards, some subtypes are commonly (h1 to h7 and h10), intermediately (h8, h9, h11, and h12), or rarely (h13 to h16) detected, contrib ... | 2021 | 33361418 |
| pathogenesis and genetic characteristics of a novel reassortant low pathogenic avian influenza a(h7n6) virus isolated in cambodia in 2019. | the first human case of zoonotic a(h7n4) avian influenza virus (aiv) infection was reported in early 2018 in china. two months after this case, novel a(h7n4) viruses phylogenetically related to the jiangsu isolate emerged in ducks from live bird markets in cambodia. during active surveillance in cambodia, a novel a(h7n6) reassortant of the zoonotic low pathogenic aiv (lpaiv) a(h7n4) was detected in domestic ducks at a slaughterhouse. complete genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis showed th ... | 2021 | 34347386 |
| highly pathogenic avian influenza virus h5n2 (clade 2.3.4.4) challenge of mallards age appropriate to the 2015 midwestern poultry outbreak. | the 2015 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (hpaiv) h5n2 clade 2.3.4.4 outbreak in upper midwestern u.s. poultry operations was not detected in wild birds to any great degree during the outbreak, despite wild waterfowl being implicated in the introduction, reassortment, and movement of the virus into north america from asia. this outbreak led to the demise of over 50 million domestic birds and occurred mainly during the northward spring migration of adult avian populations. | 2021 | 34323380 |
| virus adaptation following experimental infection of chickens with a domestic duck low pathogenic avian influenza isolate from the 2017 usa h7n9 outbreak identifies polymorphic mutations in multiple gene segments. | in march 2017, highly pathogenic (hp) and low pathogenic (lp) avian influenza virus (aiv) subtype h7n9 were detected from poultry farms and backyard birds in several states in the southeast united states. because interspecies transmission is a known mechanism for evolution of aivs, we sought to characterize infection and transmission of a domestic duck-origin h7n9 lpaiv in chickens and genetically compare the viruses replicating in the chickens to the original h7n9 clinical field samples used as ... | 2021 | 34207098 |
| elucidating the local transmission dynamics of highly pathogenic avian influenza h5n6 in the republic of korea by integrating phylogenetic information. | highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) virus is one of the most virulent and infectious pathogens of poultry. as a response to hpai epidemics, veterinary authorities implement preemptive depopulation as a controlling strategy. however, mass culling within a uniform radius of the infection site can result in unnecessary depopulation. therefore, it is useful to quantify the transmission distance from infected premises (ips) before determining the optimal area for preemptive depopulation. accordi ... | 2021 | 34199439 |
| genetic evolution and transmission dynamics of clade 2.3.2.1a highly pathogenic avian influenza a/h5n1 viruses in bangladesh. | asian lineage a/h5n1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (hpaivs) have been responsible for continuous outbreaks in bangladesh since 2007. although clades 2.2.2 and 2.3.4.2 hpaivs have disappeared since poultry vaccination was introduced in 2012, clade 2.3.2.1a viruses have continued to be detected in bangladesh. in this study, we identified a/h9n2 (n = 15), a/h5n1 (n = 19), and a/h5n1-a/h9n2 (n = 18) mixed viruses from live bird markets, chicken farms, and wild house crows (corvus splende ... | 2020 | 34127940 |
| diversity and reassortment rate of influenza a viruses in wild ducks and gulls. | influenza a viruses (iavs) evolve via point mutations and reassortment of viral gene segments. the patterns of reassortment in different host species differ considerably. we investigated the genetic diversity of iavs in wild ducks and compared it with the viral diversity in gulls. the complete genomes of 38 iavs of h1n1, h1n2, h3n1, h3n2, h3n6, h3n8, h4n6, h5n3, h6n2, h11n6, and h11n9 subtypes isolated from wild mallard ducks and gulls resting in a city pond in moscow, russia were sequenced. the ... | 2021 | 34072256 |
| serological evidence of backyard pig exposure to highly pathogenic avian influenza h5n8 virus during 2016-2017 epizootic in france. | in autumn/winter 2016-2017, hpai-h5n8 viruses belonging to the a/goose/guandong/1/1996 (gs/gd) lineage, clade 2.3.4.4b, were responsible for outbreaks in domestic poultry in europe, and veterinarians were requested to reinforce surveillance of pigs bred in hpai-h5nx confirmed mixed herds. in this context, ten pig herds were visited in southwestern france from december 2016 to may 2017 and serological analyses for influenza a virus (iav) infections were carried out by elisa and hemagglutination i ... | 2021 | 34070190 |
| health monitoring in birds using bio-loggers and whole blood transcriptomics. | monitoring and early detection of emerging infectious diseases in wild animals is of crucial global importance, yet reliable ways to measure immune status and responses are lacking for animals in the wild. here we assess the usefulness of bio-loggers for detecting disease outbreaks in free-living birds and confirm detailed responses using leukocyte composition and large-scale transcriptomics. we simulated natural infections by viral and bacterial pathogens in captive mallards (anas platyrhynchos ... | 2021 | 34031452 |
| do contrasting patterns of migration movements and disease outbreaks between congeneric waterfowl species reflect differing immunity? | long-distance migrations influence the dynamics of hostpathogen interactions and understanding the role of migratory waterfowl in the spread of the highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (hpaiv) is important. while wild geese have been associated with outbreak events, disease ecology of closely related species has not been studied to the same extent. the swan goose (anser cygnoides) and the bar-headed goose (anser indicus) are congeneric species with distinctly different hpaiv infection recor ... | 2021 | 34000793 |
| biological properties and genetic characterization of novel low pathogenic h7n3 avian influenza viruses isolated from mallard ducks in the caspian region, dagestan, russia. | avian influenza viruses (aivs) are maintained in wild bird reservoirs, particularly in mallard ducks and other waterfowl. novel evolutionary lineages of aiv that arise through genetic drift or reassortment can spread with wild bird migrations to new regions, infect a wide variety of resident bird species, and spillover to domestic poultry. the vast continental reservoir of aivs in eurasia harbors a wide diversity of influenza subtypes, including both highly pathogenic (hp) and low pathogenic (lp ... | 2021 | 33920551 |
| multiple reassortants of h5n8 clade 2.3.4.4b highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses detected in south korea during the winter of 2020-2021. | during october 2020-january 2021, we isolated a total of 67 highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) h5n8 viruses from wild birds and outbreaks in poultry in south korea. we sequenced the isolates and performed phylogenetic analysis of complete genome sequences to determine the origin, evolution, and spread patterns of these viruses. phylogenetic analysis of the hemagglutinin (ha) gene showed that all the isolates belong to h5 clade 2.3.4.4 subgroup b (2.3.4.4b) and form two distinct genetic clu ... | 2021 | 33809549 |
| evaluation of insulated isothermal pcr devices for the detection of avian influenza virus. | highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (hpaivs) and low pathogenic avian influenza viruses (lpaivs) represent important threats to the poultry industry and global human health. due to the high rates of avian influenza virus (aiv) transmission, controlling aiv outbreaks is challenging. hpaiv is known to be transmitted from wild birds to domestic ducks, from which it can be transmitted to layer and broiler chickens. therefore, surveillance of aiv in domestic ducks and chickens in advance of out ... | 2021 | 33711374 |
| detection of newly introduced y280-lineage h9n2 avian influenza viruses in live bird markets in korea. | we report the first detection of y280-lineage h9n2 avian influenza viruses in live bird markets in korea during july 2020. the viruses were isolated from domestic ducks and chickens traded in three markets in two different provinces, indicating dispersal of the newly introduced viruses. complete genome sequencing and comparative phylogenetic analyses of all eight gene segments of the viruses showed high nucleotide homology to a y280-lineage h9n2 avian influenza virus isolated in a chicken farm i ... | 2021 | 33523603 |
| highly pathogenic avian influenza a(h5n8) virus spread by short- and long-range transmission, france, 2016-17. | we detected 3 genotypes of highly pathogenic avian influenza a(h5n8) virus in france during winter 2016-17. genotype a viruses caused dramatic economic losses in the domestic duck farm industry in southwestern france. our phylogenetic analysis suggests that genotype a viruses formed 5 distinct geographic clusters in southwestern france. in some clusters, local secondary transmission might have been started by a single introduction. the intensity of the viral spread seems to correspond to the den ... | 2021 | 33496244 |
| the evolutionary dynamics of influenza a viruses circulating in mallards in duck hunting preserves in maryland, usa. | duck hunting preserves (dhp) have resident populations of farm-raised mallard ducks, which create potential foci for the evolution of novel influenza a viruses (iavs). through an eleven-year (2003-2013) iav surveillance project in seven dhps in maryland, usa, we frequently identified iavs in the resident, free-flying mallard ducks (5.8% of cloacal samples were iav-positive). the iav population had high genetic diversity, including 12 ha subtypes and 9 na subtypes. by sequencing the complete geno ... | 2020 | 33375548 |
| a comparative study of the innate humoral immune response to avian influenza virus in wild and domestic mallards. | domestic mallards (anas platyrhynchos domesticus) are traditionally used as a model to investigate infection dynamics and immune responses to low pathogenic avian influenza viruses (lpaivs) in free-living mallards. however, it is unclear whether the immune response of domestic birds reflects the response of their free-living counterparts naturally exposed to these viruses. we investigated the extent to which the innate humoral immune response was similar among (i) wild-type domestic mallards in ... | 2020 | 33329501 |
| pattern-recognition receptors in duck (anas platyrhynchos): identification, expression and function analysis of toll-like receptor 3. | 1. innate immunity provides the first line of defence against pathogenic organisms through a myriad of germline encoded receptors called pattern-recognition receptors (prrs). toll-like receptor (tlr) 3, as an important member of prrs, is indispensable for host defence against viral infection by recognising virus-derived rnas. however, little is known about the structure and function of tlr3 in ducks (anas platyrhynchos), a natural host for the avian influenza virus.2. this study cloned the full- ... | 2020 | 33215508 |
| prevalence and distribution of avian influenza viruses in domestic ducks at the waterfowl-chicken interface in wetlands. | ducks are a natural reservoir of influenza a viruses (iavs) and can act as a reassortment vessel. wetlands, such as hakaluki and tanguar haor in bangladesh, have unique ecosystems including domestic duck (anas platyrhynchos domesticus) rearing, especially household and free-range ducks. a cross-sectional study was, therefore, conducted to explore avian influenza status and its distribution and risk factors in the wetland areas. during the three consecutive winters of 2015-2017, specifically in d ... | 2020 | 33207803 |
| truncation or deglycosylation of the neuraminidase stalk enhances the pathogenicity of the h5n1 subtype avian influenza virus in mallard ducks. | h5n1 subtype avian influenza virus (aiv) with a deletion of 20 amino acids at residues 49-68 in the stalk region of neuraminidase (na) became a major epidemic virus. to determine the effect of truncation or deglycosylation of the na stalk on virulence, we used site-directed mutagenesis to insert 20 amino acids in the short-stalk virus a/mallard/huadong/s/2005 (sy) to recover the long-stalk virus (rsna+). a series of short-stalk or deglycosylated-stalk viruses were also constructed basing on the ... | 2020 | 33193225 |
| ddx1 from cherry valley duck mediates signaling pathways and anti-ndrv activity. | novel duck reovirus (ndrv) causes severe economic losses to the duck industry, which is characterized by hemorrhagic spots and necrotic foci of the livers and spleens. dead-box helicase 1 (ddx1) plays a critical role in the innate immune system against viral infection. however, the role of duck ddx1 (duddx1) in anti-rna virus infection, especially in the anti-ndrv infection, has yet to be elucidated. in the present study, the full-length cdna of duddx1 (2223 bp encode 740 amino acids) was firstl ... | 2021 | 33472667 |