| comparative study of aujeszky's disease virus reproduction in a suspension of poultry embryonic cells and tissues (author's transl). | reproduction of aueski disease virus in suspension cultures of trysinized cells and mechanically minced tissue of chick, duck and quail embryos was compared. the optimal conditions for cultivation of vaccine and virulent strains of virus in these systems were determined. the advantages and prospects of using suspension cultures of minced avian embryo tissue for preparation of virus materials with high biological activity and in large volumes in comparison with trypsinized cell suspensions were d ... | 1975 | 1907 |
| phosphate compounds in red cells of the chicken and duck embryo and hatchling. | | 1976 | 9225 |
| isolation of influenza virus from wild ducks (anas platyrhynchos). | in the course of studies on influenza virus ecology, influenzavirus a was isolated from a cloacal smear from a wild duck (anas platyrhynchos) caught in west slovakia. the strain was identified as a(hav7nav1). the results of virus isolation experiments from other species of aquatic and other small birds were negative. | 1978 | 29468 |
| [allosteric modification of adenylate deaminase activity: appearance of adenosine deaminase activity as an effect of potassium ions]. | the activation of purified adenylate deaminase from the duck myocardium by k+ is accompanied by modification of the substrate specificity and by the appearance of the capacity to deaminate adenosine and adenine. adenosine deaminase activity originates at the concentration of k+ of 0.15 m that possesses the most stimulating effect on adenylate deaminase activity; with the increase of potassium ions concentration adenosine deaminating activity is enhanced as well, with a parallel reduction of hill ... | 1978 | 31212 |
| a microprecipitation test for rapid detection and identification of venezuelan, eastern and western equine encephalomyelitis viruses. | the development of a new diagnostic procedure for the identification of venezvelan, eastern and western equine encephalomyelitis (vee, eee, wee) viruses is described. the procedure utilizes virus precipitation with reference fluorescein-conjugated gamma globulin, followed by cellulose acetate electrophoresis. clinical specimens containing varying concentrations of virus yielded, in primary duck embryo cell culture, sufficient virus for detection within 22 to 44 hours. identification of vee, eee ... | 1975 | 46134 |
| effect of experimental duck virus hepatitis infection on some biochemical constituents and enzymes in the serum of white pekin ducklings. | experimental duck virus hepatitis infection of 11-day-old white pekin ducklings having specific maternal antibodies revealed significant changes in some biochemical constituents and enzymes of the serum during the 3 weeks following exposure. these changes included a marked decrease in the total proteins and the albumin fraction, together with a significant elevation in levels of alkaline phosphatase, glutamic pyruvic transaminase, bilirubin, and creatinine. most of these changes were attributed ... | 1975 | 50840 |
| transcription of the rous sarcoma virus genome in vitro and in vivo. | rna-directed dna synthesis by detergent-disrupted virions of rous sarcoma virus (rsv) initiates by the covalent attachment of pda to the 3'-terminal ra of a 4s rna hydrogen-bonded to the 70s rna template. this 4s "primer" has structural features of trna and can be aminoacylated with methionine. synthesis and integration of provirus dna can be monitored in both permissive (duck) and nonpermissive (mouse) cells acutely infected with rsv. the results of these studies, as well as data obtained with ... | 1975 | 51635 |
| group-specific antigen shared by the members of the reticuloendotheliosis virus complex. | the polypeptides of reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev) were separated by gel filtration in the presence of guanidine hydrochloride. the eight peaks obtained by gel filtration were then analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and four appeared to contain single polypeptides. the material identified as p29 was used to prepare antiserum. this protein constitutes the major internal non-glycosylated polypeptide in the virion. double immunodiffusion indicated that the antiserum was specific for ... | 1976 | 56462 |
| unintegrated viral dna is synthesized in the cytoplasm of avian sarcoma virus-transformed duck cells by viral dna polymerase. | we have examined the location, structure, and mechanism of synthesis of unintegrated viral dna present in fully transformed cultures of avian sarcoma virus-infected duck cells. de novo synthesis of the unintegrated forms several weeks after the initial infection was documented by labeling unintegrated dna in both strands with 5-bromodeoxyuridine. the unintegrated dna is synthesized in, and probably confined to, the cytoplasm, and it consists of duplexes of short "plus" strands (ca. 0.5 x 10(6) t ... | 1976 | 58074 |
| naturally occurring murine leukemia viruses in wild mice: characterization of a new "amphotropic" class. | a new class of murine leukemia viruses, isolated from wild mus musculus trapped in california, is described. these viruses, designated "amphotropic," replicate in mouse, rabbit, mink, human, guinea pig, and rat cells, but not in hamster, quail, or duck cells. they show n-tropism for mouse cells, and do not trigger the xc cell response. they are distinct by interference and virus neutralization testing from the previously recognized mouse-tropic and xenotropic mulv classes. mouse-tropic viruses o ... | 1976 | 59816 |
| effects of hypothalamic lesions on levels of plasma free fatty acids in the mallard duck. | plasma free fatty acid (ffa) levels were measured in the mallard duck (anas platyrhynchos) following hypothalamic lesions at various sites. the results indicate that ventromedial lesions produced hyperphagia, increased deposition of fat, and significantly elevated levels of plasma ffa. anterior bilateral lesions resulted in aphagia, severe loss in body weight and a marked decrease in plasma ffa. lesions in other regions of the hypothalamus produced various changes depending upon the extent of d ... | 1975 | 57744 |
| mechanism of phosphonoacetate inhibition of herpesvirus-induced dna polymerase. | phosphonoacetate was an effective inhibitor of both the marek's disease herpesvirus- and the herpesvirus of turkey-induced dna polymerase. using the herpesvirus of turkey-induced dna polymerase, phosphonoacetate inhibition studies for the dna polymerization reaction and for the deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate-pyrophosphate exchange reaction were carried out. the results demonstrated that phosphonoacetate inhibited the polymerase by interacting with it at the pyrophosphate binding site to create ... | 1976 | 55273 |
| rna-directed dna synthesis by the dna polymerase of rous sarcoma virus: structural and functional identification of 4s primer rna in uninfected cells. | the rna-directed dna polymerase of rous sarcoma virus requires a 4s rna molecule as primer for the initiation of dna synthesis on the viral 70s rna genome. we have now functionally identified primer activity in uninfected cells on the basis of the capacity of cellular 4s rna to actively participate in the initiation of dna synthesis by the rna-directed dna polymerase of rous sarcoma virus in vitro. this was accomplished by reconstitution experiments in which 4s rna from uninfected avian cells wa ... | 1975 | 48251 |
| isolation and characterization of influenza a viruses from wild ducks in northern japan: appearance of hsw1 antigens in the japanese duck population. | twenty-six influenza a viruses were isolated from cloacal and tracheal samples of 235 resident and 396 migratory ducks in miyagi prefecture, japan, in 1977--78. of these, twelve were antigenically related to the avian-origin hsw1 virus, a/duck/alberta/35/76 (hsw1n1), but their neuraminidase antigens were characterized as nav2-3, nav4 or n2. these antigenic configuration have not previously been reported. in addition, one strain in which the neuraminidase antigen was identified as nav4, was demon ... | 1979 | 42296 |
| alphaviruses in peninusular malaysia: i. virus isolations and animal serology. | a survey of the activity of three alphaviruses (sindbis, getah and chikungunya) in peninsular malaysia was conducted between 1962 and 1970. serum samples were examined from 3,917 vertebrates representing a wide variety of wild and domestic animals throughout the peninsula for hemagglutination-inhibiting and neutralizing antibodies. a total of 548,939 mosquitoes were collected from different habitats, including jungle, rural, suburban and urban areas, and the majority of the females taken were ex ... | 1978 | 34888 |
| [antibodies against various antigenic determinants in the factor viii molecule (proceedings)]. | specific antibodies against human factor viii have been prepared in rabbits and ducks. these antibodies differ from each other in that duck anti viii antibody precipitates human and rabbit factor viii, whereas rabbit antibody does not precipitate its own factor viii. it is possible that the two antisera detect carriers differently. | 1978 | 80822 |
| response of intrapulmonary chemoreceptors in the duck to changes in pco2 and ph. | we have estimated the relative importance of changes in blood pco2 and ph in determining activity of intrapulmonary chemoreceptors (ipc) in the unidirectionally ventilated duck. the response of single unit vagal afferents from ipc to changing lung gas pco2 was tested before and after changing blood ph by intravenous infusion of nahco3. using multiple linear regression analysis, we calculated how much of the change in ipc activity for a given change in pco2 was due to the changing pco2 at constan ... | 1978 | 32589 |
| bohr effect induced by co2 and fixed acid at various levels of o2 saturation in duck blood. | the bohr factor, phi = delta log po2/deltaph, was determined at various levels of hemoglobin o2 saturation (so2) in fresh whole blood of the duck. plasma ph was varied by either changing pco2 of the blood at constant base excess (co2 bohr factor, phico2) or by addition of nahco3 and hcl at constant pco2 (fixed acid bohr factor, phiah). no differences were found between phico2 and phiah at so2 levels between 20 and 85%, and there was no saturation dependence of the bohr factor, its average value ... | 1978 | 30069 |
| khasan virus, a new ungrouped bunyavirus isolated from haemaphysalis longicornis ticks in the primorie region. | strain leiv-776p, possessing no haemagglutinating activity was isolated in 1971 in the primorie region (u.s.s.r.) from haemaphysalis longicornis neumann 1091 tick. complement fixation (cf) tests revealed no antigenic relationship with 24 antigenic groups of arboviruses or 21 ungrouped viruses isolated from ticks. the virus isolate contains rna and is relatively sensitive to ether and sodium deoxycholate; it is pathogenic for suckling mice and two-week-old white mice by the intracerebral route, a ... | 1978 | 27977 |
| h2n2 influenza viruses in domestic ducks. | | 1979 | 84284 |
| cerebral blood flow in birds: effect of hypoxia. | the effect of hypoxia on cerebral blood flow in ducks was investigated by the rate at which arterially injected xenon-133 was cleared from the duck's brain. a two-component clearance curve resulted, which we have attributed to flow through the grey and white matter. decreasing the arterial oxygen tension (pao2) to 75 mmhg had no effect on cerebral blood flow. however, decreasing the pao2 below 75 mmhg significantly increased blood flow to the fast-clearing compartment. the greatest increase in b ... | 1978 | 24349 |
| animal influenza virus neuraminidase: studies on dependence of some of its properties on its association with hemagglutinin. | neuraminidase (nase) thermostability and sensitivity to ph treatment as well as specific enzymatic activity (nase activity per 1 ha unit) were determined in two groups of animal influenza virus strains containing equine 1 and equine 2 nase subtypes, respectively (a/equine/prague/56 (heq1 neq1), a/equine/cambridge/63 (heq1 neq1), a/fpv/dutch/34 (hav1 neq1), a/chicken/germany "n" (hav2 neq1), in one group, and a/equine/miami/1/63 (heq2 neq2), a/turkey/canada/63 (hav6 neq2), a/duck/ukraine/1/63 (ha ... | 1977 | 23976 |
| chromatographic separations of alphavirus strains by hydroxylapatite. | hydroxylapatite column chromatography methods were developed to characterize selected alphavirus populations. different conditions of ph and phosphate molarity were required to obtain satisfactory elution profiles and separations for western equine encephalomyelitis virus strains, compared with eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus and semliki forest virus strains. raising the ph of the buffers effected earlier elutions of all viruses. selection of phosphate gradients with more gentle slopes an ... | 1977 | 20452 |
| hemagglutinin molecules of hong kong, equine-2, and duck/ukraine influenza viruses lack n-terminal aspartic acid. | | 1977 | 19875 |
| t-lymphocyte response to cytochrome c. i. demonstration of a t-cell heteroclitic proliferative response and identification of a topographic antigenic determinant on pigeon cytochrome c whose immune recognition requires two complementing major histocompatibility complex-linked immune response genes. | the t-lymphocyte proliferative response to pigeon cytochrome c was studied in the mouse. h-2a and h-2k strains were responders to this antigen whereas h-2b, h-2d, h-2f, h-2ja, h-2p, h-2q, h-2r, h-2s, and h-2u strains were low or nonresponders. genetic mapping demonstrated that two major histocompatibility complex (mhc)-linked ir genes control the response, one in i-a, the other in i-e/i-c. the major antigenic determinant recognized in this response was localized by cross-stimulations with specie ... | 1979 | 92520 |
| oxygen affinity of duck blood determined by in vivo and in vitro technique. | half saturation partial pressure of o2,p50, was determined in domestic muscovy ducks (cairina moschata) both by in vivo and in vitro techniques. for in vivo determination, blood samples were drawn from the anesthetized, artificially ventilated animals and analyzed both for o2 content, co2, and o2 partial pressure, po2. o2 capacity was detemined in arterial samples during hyperoxic ventilation (arterial po2 about 180 torr). p50 was calculated from measurements in venous blood samples (o2 saturati ... | 1977 | 18767 |
| effects of exogenous gonadotropic and steroid hormones on the social behaviour and gonadal maturation of male domestic ducklings anas platyrhynchos l. | male domestic ducklings were injected during their first month of life with mammalian gonadotrophins (ovine lh or fsh, hmg) or gonadal steroids (testosterone or oestradiol). lh and testosterone stimulated sexual behaviour while oestradiol inhibited the increase of aggression observed in control birds during the experiment. the mammalian gonadotrophins did not increase plasma testosterone but nevertheless they all stimulated the testis growth. several hypotheses which could explain this finding ( ... | 1979 | 93890 |
| biochemical properties of paramyxovirus duck/mississippi/75 neuraminidase. | the neuraminidase activity of two strains of duck/mississippi/75 virus:dk/mississippi/320 and dk/mississippi/334 was studied. these neuraminidases hydrolyse the alpha 2 leads to 3 and alpha 2 leads to 8 ketosidic bonds of different substrates such as fetuin, n-acetyl neuramine lactose and colominic acid, but do not hydrolyse the alpha 2 leads to 6 bonds of mucin type i and type ii. the kinetic values of the neuraminidases, michaelis constant, maximal and initial velocities and the effect of ph, ... | 1979 | 94350 |
| experimental transmission of sarcocystis from icterid birds to sparrows and canaries by sporocysts from the opossum. | cowbirds (molothrus ater) and grackles (cassidix mexicanus) infected with muscle cysts of sarcocystis were fed to opposums (didelphis virginiana) and fecal sporocysts from the latter were given to sparrows (passer domesticus, family ploceidae), canaries (serinus canarius, family fringillidae) and ducks (anas platyrhynchos, family anatidae). asexual parasites were found in the endothelium of sparrows and canaries but not in ducks. when birds were kept 10 weeks or more after infection, muscle cyst ... | 1978 | 98622 |
| characteristics of two new reticuloendotheliosis virus isolates of turkeys. | reticuloendotheliosis (re) virus strains mn81 and mn67 isolated from epiornithics of re in turkeys were partially characterized. strains mn81 and mn67 replicated in chicken embryo fibroblast,duck embryo fibroblast and turkey embryo-fibroblast cultures and produced syncytial cytopathic effects in duck embryo fibroblast and turkey embryo fibroblast cultures. the virions of mn81 and mn67 measured approximately 100 nm in diameter, resembled re virus strain t, and could be distinguished from avian le ... | 1977 | 15487 |
| cultivation of lednice (yaba 1) virus in goose, duck, and chick embryo cells. | lednice (yaba 1) virus was found to multiply in primary cultures of goose, duck and chick embryo cells. the size of inoculum and age of embryos used for preparation of primary cultures was decisive for the amount of multiplied virus. one strain (110) of lednice virus showed reduced ability to induce a cytopathic effect in the first passage in chick embryo cells. virus multiplication in all three kinds of cells was confirmed by immunofluorescence. | 1976 | 13646 |
| protein synthesis by a cell-free preparation from the bird malaria, plasmodium lophurae. | cytoplasmic polyribosomes were isolated from the avian malaria parasite plasmodium lophurae by lysis with 0.15% triton x-100 followed by high speed centrifugation through a discontinuous sucrose gradient. polyribosomes were protected from nuclease degradation using 100 mug/ml heparin or 50 mug/ml dextran sulfate. cell-free incorporation of radioisotope-labeled amino acids required a ph 5 fraction (duck reticulocyte), mg2+, and an energy-generating system. the protein synthesizing system was stim ... | 1976 | 6795 |
| body temperature, heart rate and respiration rate of an unrestrained domestic mallard duck, anas platyrhynchos domesticus. | | 1976 | 3337 |
| direct pco2 measurements in the dorso-bronchial gas of awake peking ducks: evidence for a physiological role of the neopulmo in respiratory gas exchanges. | | 1975 | 1188 |
| oxygen and carbon dioxide dissociation of duck blood. | oxygen and co2 dissociation of duck blood was studied in blood samples equilibrated with known gas mixtures at the bird's body temperature (41 degrees c) and analyzed in the van slyke manometric apparatus and in ph electrodes. at various ph values between 7.38 and 7.55 the hill plots yielded straight and parallel lines over a wide range of o2 saturation, the hill coefficient being 2.9. half saturation pressure p50 at ph = 7.50 was 36 torr. the bohr effect factor was -0.53. buffering properties w ... | 1975 | 751 |
| [problem of the infertility of hybrids of the muscovy (cairina moschata l.) and the domestic duck (anas platyrhynchos domestica)]. | analysis of blood serum proteins electrophoretic spectra for perching and domestic ducks resulted in revealing interspecific differences of prealbumin and transferrin types showing incomplete identity of loci in analogous sites of some homologous chromosomes in the hybridizants. this confirms the genetic nature of sterility in this crossing combination hybrids whose blood serum proteins electrophoretic spectrum displays a complex hybrid phenotype. | 1977 | 70093 |
| rna-dependent dna polymerase of avian sarcoma virus b77. ii. comparison of the catalytic properties of the alpha, beta2, and alphabeta enzyme forms. | the alpha, beta2, and alphabeta forms of the rna-dependent dna polymerase of avian sarcoma virus b77 grown in duck embryo fibroblasts have been compared with respect to several kinetic properties. the following results were obtained. 1. the km values for dttp and dgtp for enzyme forms alpha, beta2, and alphabeta were 77, 39, and 74, and 6.8, 3.1, and 6.1 micronm, respectively. 2. the affinity of 70 s rous sarcoma virus rna for enzyme form alphabeta was about twice that for the other two forms. 3 ... | 1977 | 66235 |
| [immunological study of gonadotropic and prolactin cells in adenohypophysis of the barbary duck (cairina moschata l.)]. | in both lobes of the pars distalis of the barbary duck the basophile, alcian-blue positive and pas negative cells no affected by thyroxine treatment are revealed by anti-hcg-immunserum; they are certainly gonadotropic cells previously named delta-cells in the pekin duck. in the cephalic lobe only one type of pas positive cells, is revealed by antiprolactin antiserum; they are abundant and very active in the broody duck. | 1975 | 126762 |
| rna-dependent dna polymerase of avian sarcoma virus b77. i. isolation and partial characterization of the alpha, beta2, and alphabeta forms of the enzyme. | three forms of the rna-dependent dna polymerase were isolated from highly purified avian sarcoma virus b77 grown in duck embryo fibroblasts, using sequential chromatography on deae-cellulose, phosphocellulose, and poly(u)-cellulose. one form, which sedimented with about 5.2 s, contained only one species of polypeptide, with a molecular weight of 63,000; a second sedimented with about 7.8 s and contained only one species of polypeptide with a molecular weight of 81,000; and a third form, which se ... | 1977 | 66234 |
| toxicity of chlorpyrifos to mallard ducks. | | 1977 | 65193 |
| neurological complications following rabies duck embryo vaccination. | | 1976 | 62829 |
| [cyto-immunological study of the anterior pituitary somatotropin cells of male and female adult peking, barbary and hybrid (from crossing male peking x female barbary) ducks and of male ducklings of the 3 races)]. | the anti-human-sth immunserum applied on hypophysis sections of adults males and females peking (anas platyrhynchos l.) barbary (cairina moschata l.) and hybrid (from the mating male peking x female barbary) ducks, marks orangeophils, oval- or round shaped, pas negative cells exclusively localized in the caudal lobe of the pars distalis. in the males ducklings of the three races this immunserum reveals numerous and partially exhausted cells. the authors conclude that the acidophils alpha cells o ... | 1976 | 134787 |
| [contribution to the antigenic study of influenza viruses in animals. i.--neuraminidase of the equine influenza viruses (author's transl)]. | from the revised nomenclature of who, the fowl influenza virus a/duck/ukraine/63 (hav7 neq2) has the same neuraminidase as the equine virus a/equi 2/miami/63 (heq2 neq2); the a/chicken germany "n"/49 virus has the same neuraminidase as the equine virus a/equi 1/prague/56. a comparative study of the antigenic specificities confirms that the neq2 neuraminidases are closely connected, whatever their animal origin, and that the fowl strain hav7 neq2 can be used for the titration of anti neq2 antibod ... | 1975 | 60076 |
| [attempts at postexposure active and passive human rabies immunization]. | for several years now in switzerland, postexposure prophylaxis against rabies has been performed with duck embryo vaccine containing inactivated virus. according to who recommendations, 14 consecutive daily injections are given subcutaneously followed by 3 booster injections 10, 20, and 90 days later. in addition, a recently developed human diploid cell vaccine has also become commercially available in switzerland. this study is concerned with the question whether, by the use of the latter vacci ... | 1977 | 73219 |
| [strain differences in the neuraminidase specificity of subtype n 1]. | nine strains having neuraminidase of subtype n1 and two strains in which the appurtenance of neuraminidase to subtype n1 was determined in the course of the study were examined for the antigenic specificity of the functional center of the enzyme in the cross neuraminidase activity inhibition test. neuraminidase of the strains a/swine/tatarstan/64 and a/swine/ikshurminsk was shown to belong to the subtype n1 but to differ from neuraminidase of the strain a/swine/iowa/15/30. neuraminidase of the s ... | 1977 | 74908 |
| the development of eosinophils in the bone marrow of the fowl and the duck. | the eosinophils present in the bone marrow of the fowl and the duck were classified into various maturational stages according to the shape of their nuclei and the content of their cytoplasm. the granules appeared to develop from dilations located at the extremities of the cisternae of the golgi apparatus, whence they broke free, forming vesicles. by condensation they progressed from a flocculent type of granule to the definitive spherical homogeneous primary granule. various staining techniques ... | 1978 | 75207 |
| a phosphonoacetate-resistant mutant of herpesvirus of turkeys. | a phosphonoacetate (pa)-resistant mutant of the herpesvirus of turkeys (hvt) was isolated and characterized. the mutant of hvt resistant to pa (hvtpa) replicated in duck embryo fibroblast (def) culture in media containing 300 microgram pa/ml, whereas the replication of the wild type of hvt (hvtwt) was completely inhibited in def culture in media containing 100 microgram pa/ml. the hvtpa was distinct from the hvtwt in plaque morphology, but was indistinguishable antigenically and showed in vitro ... | 1978 | 76681 |
| novel influenza a viruses isolated from canadian feral ducks: including strains antigenically related to swine influenza (hsw1n1) viruses. | twelve influenza a viruses, antigenically related to the ho, h1 and hsw1 subtypes, were isolated from cloacal samples of feral ducks in canada. antigenic comparisons showed that these viruses were most closely related to the recent hsw1n1 isolates from man and pigs, whereas in vivo pathogenicity tests revealed differences between the hsw1n1 viruses from the ducks and those from humans and pigs. antigenic characterization of 94 additional influenza a viruses from the ducks showed four haemaggluti ... | 1978 | 81267 |
| genetic control of the t-lymphocyte proliferative response to cytochrome c. | cytochromes c have been used as antigens in a murine t-lymphocyte proliferation assay in order to characterize the nature of determinants whose recognition is under immune response (ir) gene control. the cytochromes are advantagous as antigens because 1) they have well-characterized primary and tertiary structures, 2) they are antigenically simple, differing from mouse cytochrome c at only a small number of amino acid residues, and 3) there exist a large number of evolutionary variants which can ... | 1978 | 82388 |
| delayed neurotoxicity induced by organophosphorus compounds in the wild mallard duckling: effect of leptophos. | feeding of 260 ppm of leptophos to mallard ducklings caused delayed neurotoxicity similar to that reported for hens. thus leptophos caused ataxia, with subsequent paralysis, loss of appetite, and slow-down in the growth rate of the treated birds. spinal lesions were identical in morphology and distribution to those seen in hens following leptophos administration. the severity of histologic changes correlated both with the clinical condition and the duration of intoxication. | 1978 | 82597 |
| serological analysis of species specificity in the high mobility group chromosomal proteins. | the non-histone chromosomal protein of the high mobility group (hmg-1) present in mouse liver was purified to homogeneity. antibodies against this protein as well as pure hmg-1 derived from calf thymus and hmg-e purified from duck erythrocytes were elicited in rabbits. the interaction between the antibodies and the immunogens was measured by passive hemoagglutination and by quantitative microcomplement fixation. quantitative microcomplement fixation assays revealed that the immunological distanc ... | 1979 | 85628 |
| study of a new strain of paramyxoviruses isolated from wild ducks: antigenic and biological properties. | among the different strains of avian paramyxoviruses isolated from migrating feral ducks, two were identified as newcastle disease viruses (ndv) and the five others would correspond to a new serotype for which we suggest the name of duck/mississippi/75 virus. the characteristics of this new serotype are as follows: (1) duck/mississippi/75 virus is able to grow as well in allantoic as in amniotic cavities of embryonated hen's eggs; (2) the haemagglutinin and haemolytic activities can be detected ... | 1979 | 90111 |
| rapid detection of malaria and other bloodstream parasites by fluorescence microscopy with 4'6 diamidino-2-phenylindole (dapi). | dapi is a fluorescent dye which appears to complex specifically with dna. we have used this probe to detect and identify malarial infections by fluorescence microscopy. experiments were conducted using plasmodium berghei yoeli--infected mouse blood, p. lophurae--infected duck blood, and p. vivax--infected human blood. infected avian blood was used to detect parasites within nucleated erythrocytes. control blood smears from uninfected hosts revealed fluorescence only in the leukocytes of mammalia ... | 1979 | 90141 |
| deletion mutant of the bratislava-77 strain of rous sarcoma virus containing a fusion of the group-specific antigen and envelope genes. | the genetic compositions of two independently derived preparations of the bratislava-77 strain (b77) of rous sarcoma virus were analyzed after each was passaged seven or more times in duck embryo fibroblasts. rnase, t1-resistant oligonucleotide fingerprint analysis of virion rna from both preparations of duck-passaged b77 revealed the presence of two large noncontiguous deletions. approximately 75% of the rnas contained a deletion which spans oligonucleotides 304 to 4 on the viral genome (about ... | 1979 | 91686 |
| antigenic and structural relationships between avian paramyxoviruses isolated from ducks in hong kong and mississippi, u.s.a. | representative isolates of the paramyxoviruses duck/hong kong/75 and duck/mississippi/75 were shown to be serologically closely related by haemagglutination and neuraminidase inhibition tests. the structural polypeptides of these viruses were also shown to be similar. for each of the isolates tested, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sds revealed a similar polypeptide pattern consisting, under reducing conditions, of seven polypeptides with apparent mol. wt. ranging from 4600 ... | 1979 | 93619 |
| [demonstration of a 2d lh-rh neurosecretory system in the duck hypothalamus]. | using immunocytochemical techniques with an anti-lh-rh immuneserum, evidence of two neuronal systems secreting lh-rh has been shown in the duck hypothalamus. in addition to the previously described system, located in the preoptic nucleus, a second system could be demonstrated in the infundibular nucleus. the perikarya of the infundibular lh-rh producing neurons were significantly smaller than those of the preoptic neurons. on the other hand, under the experimental conditions used, the infundibul ... | 1978 | 100251 |
| thyroxine-binding proteins of duck and chicken sera. | | 1978 | 102559 |
| the central projections of the glossopharyngeal and vagus ganglia in the mallard, anas platyrhynchos l. | the central projections of the glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves in the mallard have been studied with the fink-heimer i method and are compared to those of the trigeminal and facial nerves. the n. vagus projects ipsilaterally and contralaterally upon the central nuclei of the solitary complex, except the most rostral part of it, upon the n. sulcalis dorsalis, the parasolitary nuclei and the n. commissuralis. the glossopharyngeal nerve contributes to the rostral pole of the n. centralis anterior ... | 1979 | 102665 |
| [cytochrome p-450 and transformation from 18-hydroxycorticosterone to aldosterone]. | the authors have studied the in vitro conversion of 18 hydroxycorticostérone to aldosterone (18 oxidation) by duck adrenal subcellular fractions. considering the new hypothesis about the mechanism of this step (hydroxylation mechanism) the authors have investigated a possible relationship between this reaction and cytochrome p450. with experimental conditions described, data show that metyrapone, a cytochrome p450 competitive inhibitor does not inhibit 18 oxidation. in contrast, 18 oxidation is ... | 1979 | 119555 |
| induction of the catalytic protein of (na+ plus k+)-atpase in the salt gland of the duck. | the (na+ plus k+)-atpase activities in salt gland homogenates increased 3- to 4-fold after saline treatment of ducks for 3 weeks. the atpase was purified to a specific activity of 460 and 1015 mumol pi/mg protein per h, respectively, in control and saline-treated ducks. the catalytic protein was identified on polyacrylamide electrophoresis gels by phosphorylating the enzyme with (32p)atp. the molecular weight of the protein was estimated to be 98 000. the amount of catalytic unit increased comme ... | 1976 | 128380 |
| properties of a chicken lymphoblastoid cell line from marek's disease tumor. | properties of a chicken lymphoblastoid cell line (msb-1) from a marek's disease tumor were studied. the cell line grew well at 41 degrees c in medium rpmi-1640 supplemented with 10% bovine fetal serum and had a doubling time of 8-12 hours. cells grown in stationary suspension culture did not attach to the vessel and had the morphology of typical lymphoblasts. at 37 degrees c, the cell line grew initially but ceased to divide after several subcultures. in the subcultures maintained for 48-72 hour ... | 1975 | 163334 |
| ethidium bromide inhibits appearance of closed circular viral dna and integration of virus-specific dna in duck cells infected by avian sarcoma virus. | the dna of avian sarcoma virus assumes a closed circular configuration before integration into the host cell chromosomal dna. ethidium bromide reduces the formation of superhelical viral dna and concurrently blocks integration of the viral genome. inhibition of integration of viral dna results in the inhibition of virus replication. | 1975 | 163973 |
| sodium- and potassium-activated adenosine triphosphatase of the nasal salt gland of the duck (anas platyrhynchos). purification, characterization, and nh2-terminal amino acid sequence of the phosphorylating polypeptide. | sodium- and potassium-activated adenosine triphosphatase (nak-atpase) was purified from nasal salt glands of the duck (anas platyrhynchos). enzyme of specific activity 2,000 to 2,300 mumol of pi/mg/hour was routinely obtained by sodium dodecyl sulfate treatment of a microsomal fraction of gland homogenate in the presence of 3 mm atp followed by pelleting of the enzyme through a sucrose density gradient. purified nak-atpase was stable for over 3 months at -20 degree. by sodium dodecyl sulfate-pol ... | 1976 | 132447 |
| dde feeding and plasma osmoregulation in ducks, guillemots, and puffins. | to assess the possibility that organochlorine pesticide disruption of osmoregulation is responsible for recent large kills of young seabirds, we have studied the effects of dde feeding (10-250 ppm) on plasma osmoregulation and nasal gland function in the following species: mallared and white pekin ducks (both anas platyrhynchos), black guillemot (cepphus grylle), and common (fratercula arctica). other investigators have recently reported that dietary dde (10-1,000 ppm) inhibits nasal gland secre ... | 1976 | 134641 |
| uptake and binding of labeled corticosterone by the salt gland of the duck (anas platyrhynchos). | | 1975 | 166016 |
| the metabolism of corticosterone in the salt gland of the duck, anas platyrhynchos. | | 1975 | 166017 |
| coenzyme a requirement of malaria parasites: enzymes of coenzyme a biosynthesis in normal duck erythrocytes and erythrocytes infected with plasmodium lophurae. | normal duck erythrocytes and erythrocytes infected with plasmodium lopharae have all of the enzymes for coenzyme a biosynthesis, whereas parasites freed from their host cells have non. since erythrocytefree cultivation of p. lophurae requires an exogenous source of coenzyme a, this parasite must obtain its coenzyme a entirely from the host cell during infection. | 1975 | 166388 |
| [action of l-azetidine in in vitro culture on the formation of uropygial invaginations and the branching of glandular buds in the duck embryo]. | azetidine-2-carboxylic acid, a proline analogue which depresses collagen deposition in extracellular spaces, stops uropygial invaginations morphogenesis and epithelial buds branching in vitro. the results show that uninterrupted collagen synthesis is necessary for preen gland morphogenesis. | 1976 | 135615 |
| evidence for the presence of nasal salt glands in the roadrunner and the coturnix quail. | the purpose of this investigation was to determine whether or not the nasal glands of the roadrunner and the coturnix quail show cytological specializations for salt secretion. in addition, the na-k atpase content of the quail gland was determined before and after drinking of saline solutions, in an effort to evaluate the functional status of the gland. the ability to maintain weight while drinking salt water was also measured as a general index of tolerance to saline conditions. the ultrastruct ... | 1976 | 135819 |
| [ultrastructure of 3 beta hsdh (delta 5-3 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase)-containing cells in ducks. iii. hybrid ducks (anas platyrhynchos male x cairina moschata female) during egg laying]. | all the cells of the ovary of the hybrid duck (peking duck x barbary duck) which contain an active 3 beta hsdh enzyme show ultrastructural characteristics of steroid cells: a smooth, developed reticulum, tubularcrested mitochondria, a considerable "charge" in lipid inclusion. these cells are found not only in the internal theca of follicles as with the female gender, but also in the cortical zones void of germinal elements, a tendancy particular to the female. | 1976 | 139997 |
| [infection of brown rats with the duck hepatitus virus]. | | 1975 | 167509 |
| the structure of the lachrymal glands of the domestic fowl and of the duck. | the histology of the lachrymal glands of the duck and fowl is similar. in both birds the gland is a compound tubulo-acinar structure, lobulated and invested by a thin connective tissue capsule. foci of lymphocytes, but few plasma cells, are found in the glands. moderately acidic mucosubstances predominate in the gland of the fowl whereas sialomucins are found in that of the duck. neutral lipids were detected only in the gland of the fowl. | 1976 | 140453 |
| in vitro inhibition of microsomal calcium atpase from eggshell gland of mallard duck. | | 1977 | 140715 |
| histochemical study of polysaccharides in the aortic arch of some birds. | the histochemical study of polysaccharides in the aortic arch of the black vulture, turkey, peking duck, goose and duck, showed that a sialo-mucopolysaccharidic complex is present in the vessel wall and consists of: sialic acid, neutral mucopolysaccharides, hyaluronic acid and chondrotin sulfate. the concentration of mucopolysaccharides, mainly of the acidic ones, decreases from the inner portions of the media towards the adventicia. | 1977 | 140838 |
| [the germinal population at embryonic stage and young age in the female hybrid duck born of male pekin x female barbary crossing. comparison with ducks of the parent species]. | as hatching the number of left ovary germinal cells of the female hybrid (anas platyrhynchos x cairina moschata) is weaker than that of the peking and barbary females because the small size of the genital crest limites the number of colonising germinal cells. as well after 16 days of incubation the multiplication of the oogonies stops in a way that we can not explain. the later growth of the ovarian follicle is, however, very fast, and the first laying is earlier than with the female parents. | 1977 | 142551 |
| histochemistry of the utero-vaginal junction with special reference to the sperm-host glands in the oviduct of the domestic duck. | the "utero-vaginal junction" that connects the uterus and vagina of duck oviduct differs histologically and histochemically from the adjacent zones. the region is characterised by low, somewhat longitudinally arranged mucosal folds, lined by tall columner cilliated cells with apical nuclei alternating with mucous secreting goblet cells containing basal nuclei. within the propria of the mucosa there are numerous tubular glands--the sperm host glands--which are responsible for sperm storage after ... | 1977 | 144646 |
| effects of ddt on eggshell quality and calcium adenosine triphosphatase. | adult mallard ducks were fed a diet containing 50 ppm ddt for 6 months. eggs laid during this period were collected and eggshell weight, thickness, and calcium were determined. chronic ingestion of ddt resulted in production of eggshells that were significantly thinner and lighter than those of controls. total calcium of thinned eggshells was also reduced; however, calcium per gram of eggshell was not altered, indicating that other eggshell constituents were not incorporated as well. calcium ade ... | 1977 | 145496 |
| ultrastructural, cyto- and biochemical observations during turnover of plasma membrane in duck salt gland. | the mechanism of plasma membrane turnover was investigated using the duckling salt gland as a model system. feeding fresh water to salt-stressed ducklings results in a decrease in the na, k-atpase in salt gland to non-stressed levels in about 7 days, as measured by atp hydrolysis and 3h-ouabain binding. electron micrographs reveal that this is accompanied by a decrease in plasma membrane infoldings on the basal and lateral borders of gland secretory cells. simultaneously there is an increase in ... | 1978 | 148323 |
| heterogeneity of delta-crystallins of the embryonic mallard lens. correlation between subunit compositions and isoelectric points. | delta-crystallins from the lenses of embryonic mallards (anas platyrhynchos) were analyzed with respect to native and subunit molecular weight, subunit composition, and isoelectric point. nadodso4-urea-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that unfractionated mallard delta-crystallins are composed of approximately equal amounts of subunits with molecular weights near 47 000 and 48 000. agarose gel chromatography showed that the embryonic mallard delta-crystallins have native molecular weight ... | 1979 | 106881 |
| polypeptide and rna composition of the reticuloendotheliosis viruses. | the rna and polypeptide composition of chick syncytial virus (csv) and duck infectious anemia virus (diav) was investigated and compared to that of reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev) strain t, the prototype of the newly recognized rev group of viruses. csv and diav contain genomic rna species which cosediment with those of rev in sucrose gradients. five or six polypeptides, two of which are glycoproteins, were consistently found in csv and diav preparations. the major nonglycosylated polypeptides ... | 1975 | 172472 |
| biophysical and biological studies on jos virus (a new tick-borne virus isolated from nigeria). | jos virus possessed no haemagglutinating property within ph range 6.0--6.6 at room temperature and 37 degrees c. haemagglutination-inhibition tests with jos virus immune mouse ascitic fluid against other arbovirus antigens further confirmed the lack of serological relationships with any of the major arbovirus groups. serum neutralisation tests showed that nonspecific neuralising inhibitors of jos virus were absent in normal sera. jos virus is highly thermolabile; a sharp reduction of virus infec ... | 1978 | 108941 |
| hormonal influences in the evolution and ontogeny of imprinting behavior in the duck. | | 1975 | 172968 |
| high spontaneous mutation rate of an avian sarcoma virus. | three genetically distinct types of chicken sarcoma virus bratislava 77 (b77 virus) differing in their ability to infect duck cells were identified. b77 virus type i does not infect duck cells; b77 virus type ii has a low efficiency of infection of duck cells; and b77 virus type iii has a high efficiency of infection of duck cells. b77 viruses type i and iii are produced by spontaneous mutation during the growth of b77 virus type ii in chicken cells. the spontaneous mutation of b77 virus type ii ... | 1975 | 173893 |
| evidence for the protection of specific rna sequences in globin messenger ribonucleoprotein particles. | purified 15 s globin mrna-protein (mrnp) complexes obtained by edta dissociation of duck reticulocytes polyribosomes were digested with the calcium dependant staphylococcus aureus nuclease (ec 3. 1. 4. 7.). 25% of the globin mrna sequences were resistant to extensive nuclease digestion as determined by tca precipitation of the digested 15 s particles labelled in vivo with tritiated uridine. polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the rna from nuclease digested 15 s particles showed that the protec ... | 1979 | 111230 |
| effect of in vitro adaptation of marek's disease virus on pock induction on the chorioallantoic membrane of embryonated chicken eggs. | cell-associated preparations of several isolates of marek's disease virus produced more pocks on the chorioallantoic membrane of embryonated chicken eggs than plaques in duck embryo fibroblasts, thus indicating that lesion response in eggs was more sensitive than cytopathic response in duck embryo fibroblasts for assaying low-passage marek's disease virus. adaptation of the virus to cell cultures by serial passages, however, substantially reduced its pock response so that the titer ratio (plaque ... | 1976 | 175018 |
| an epornitic of duck plague on a wisconsin game farm. | in april, 1973, an acute disease with a high rate of mortality appeared in a flock of 233 ducks and geese at a private game farm. most of the flock (220) were black ducks (anas rubripes) and mortality was restricted to them. in may, the remaining live birds were placed in isolation but mortality continued in black ducks and occurred in other species. the overall rate of mortality for black ducks was 93% and the case fatality rate was 97%. no hemorrhaging from either the bill or vent was observed ... | 1976 | 176478 |
| rna and proteins of the kirsten sarcoma-xenotropic leukemia virus complex propagated in rat and duck cells. | | 1976 | 176815 |
| effect of trh, tsh, and lh-rh on plasma thyroxine and triiodothyronine in the lesser snow goose (anser caerulescens caerulescens) and plasma thyroxine in the rouen duck (anas platyrhynchos). | | 1979 | 117891 |
| dermatitis in duck workers. | | 1979 | 158626 |
| gangliosides and phospholipids from frog and duck retina. | | 1975 | 165093 |
| host induced alteration of avian sarcoma virus b-77 genome. | the genome of an avian oncornavirus was altered after infection of a heterologous host. this was studied with avian sarcoma virus b-77 in duck embryonic fibroblasts (def) and chicken embryonic fibroblasts (cef). to detect alteration of the viral genome, we hybridized 35s b-77 rna with normal duck dna by either one of two techniques:when viral rna was in excess and when dna was in excess. the rna of b-77 passaged only in gs minus chf minus cef does not have homology with duck dna. however, after ... | 1975 | 165481 |
| [letter: duck virus enteritis. case in quebec of a pathological condition resembling duck plague]. | | 1975 | 166753 |
| replication of reticuloendotheliosis viruses in cell culture: chronic infection. | after an initial acute infection with cell killing, chicken or duck embryo fibroblasts infected in culture with reticuloendotheliosis viruses set up a chronic infection with no cell killing or morphological transformation. essentially all of the chronically infected cells produced virus. the virus production was not sensitive to cytosine arabinoside or mitomycin c as was virus production in an acute infection. the chronically infected cells had a strong group-specific resistancto the c.p.e. of s ... | 1975 | 167114 |
| ultrastructure of gastointestinal smooth muscle in ducks with a vitamin e-selenium deficiency. | the earliest ultrastructural lesions involving smooth muscle of duck duodenum and gizzard produced by a vitamin e-selenium deficiency were a degereration of sarcoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. lysosomes were not observed during these earliest alterations of deficient smooth muscle. lipid droplets and mineral deposits were present in more severely degernerating smooth muscle that was being infiltrated by heterophils. in areas of necrotic smooth muscle, myoblasts were forming while macrophage ... | 1975 | 167138 |
| aggregation and release in thrombocytes of the duck. | avian thromboyctes are aggregated by a number of substances that cause platelet aggregation, and evidence suggests that this response is related to the release of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-ht) from intracellular granules. in this study duck thrombocytes released 5-ht during collagen-induced aggregation, but thrombocytes incubated with 14c-labeled adenine did not release radioactive adenine nucleotides. these results indicate the existence of a metabolic pool of adenine nucleotides that i ... | 1975 | 167594 |
| adrenocortical response in the duck exposed to corticosteroid administration and salt loading. | the functional zonation in the adrenocortical tissue of the duck was experimentally investigated after chronic administration of corticosteroids of different types (corticosterone, desoxycorticosterone, dexamethasone) and salt loading (chlorides of sodium and potassium). the cytomorphology of the interrenal cells belonging to subcapsular and central zones was explored by light- and electron microscopy and by biochemical analysis of plasma corticosterone. corticoid-induced involution of the inter ... | 1975 | 167978 |
| occurrence of duck virus enteritis (duck plague) in pennsylvania, 1968-74. | during the 7-year period 1968-74 cases of duck virus enteritis (duck plague) were diagnosed in waterfowl in pennsylvania. muscovy ducks were affected in 8 cases, geese in 3 cases, and mallard ducks in 1 case. in 5 of these cases either domestic or wild ducks were closely associated with infected waterfowl but were unaffected. | 1975 | 168855 |
| 35s a and b rna subunits of avian rna tumor virus strains cloned and passaged in chick and duck cells. | the rna of transforming and nontransforming avian rna tumor viruses was heat denatured and examined for its 35s subunit composition by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (gel slicing and/or autoradiography). the rna of virus strains capable of transforming chick embryo fibroblasts in vitro always contained a subunits: the rna of pr-rsv of subgroups a, b or c was composed only of a subunits, even after prolonged passage in chick cells, whereas the rna of sr-rsv-a, sr-rsv-b, sr-rsv-d(h) and b77 al ... | 1975 | 169040 |
| the influence of amino acid substitutions on the conformational energy of cytochrome c. | conformational energies have been evaluated for each of the staggered side-chain conformations associated with the 261 amino acid substitutions known to occur among 60 eucaryotic species. at least 86% of these substitutions can be sterically accommodated (one at a time) within the structure of horse-heart cytochrome c resulting from conformational energy refinement. simultaneous incorporation of all pertinent amino acid substitutions found in eight representative species into the refined horse-h ... | 1975 | 169879 |
| corticoid uptake by the paraventricular nucleus in the hypothalamus of the duck, anas platyrhynchos. | 3h-corticoids were localized by autoradiography in small neurons in the area of the magnocellular paraventricular nucleus of mallard ducks. correlative data show that: (1) the label is principally unmetabolized steroid, (2) the hypothalamus competitively binds corticosterone, (3) the paraventricular nucleus contains immunoreactive neurophysin, is richly innervated by boutons of monoaminergic nerves and is involved in the adaptive response to osmotic stress. | 1975 | 169995 |