Publications

aspergillus pneumonia in an ostrich (struthio camelus).		1981	7020676
determination of the primary sequence of the duck alpha d globin mrna and comparison of all adult duck and chick globin mrna sequences.	the nucleotide sequence of the duck alpha d globin mrna was determined. its main feature is an exceptionally short 3' non-coding segment of only 46 nucleotides, placed after the coding sequence of 141 codons. the last of the 6 adult globin mrna of duck and chicken being thus sequenced, a comparison of all their features has become possible. comparing the duck alpha d mrna to the related sequence in the chicken, we found greater homology than comparing it to the linked alpha a globin sequence in ...	1983	6888376
[primary structures of the alpha and beta chains from the major hemoglobin component of the ostrich (struthio camelus) and american rhea (rhea americana) (struthioformes). aspects of respiratory physiology and taxonomy].	the primary structures of the alpha a- und beta-chains from the major hemoglobin component of the ostrich (struthio camelus) and american rhea (rhea americana) are given. the minor component with the alpha d-chains was detected in ostrich in several concentrations, in american rhea as in chicken and pheasant (about 40%). by homologous comparison, greylag goose (anser anser) hemoglobin and ostrich alpha a-chains differ by 15 amino acids or 16 nucleotide (1 two-point mutation) exchanges, beta-chai ...	1983	6840701
biochemical and immunological characterization of pituitary hormones from the ostrich (struthio camelus).		1982	6814981
the coronary circulation of the heart of the ostrich (struthio camelus).	the distribution of the coronary arteries of the ostrich is described and compared with existing accounts of other species of birds. the blood supply to the ventricular walls, part of the interventricular septum and atria comes from the superficial branches of the left and right coronary arteries. the deep branches are small, supplying most of the interventricular septum and part of the right atrioventricular valve. the left and right coronary arteries are of equal size, forming a balanced circu ...	1984	6735902
the autopsy versus the ostrich.		1984	6724757
suspected vitamin e-selenium deficiency in two ostriches.	paresis of the limbs of two 4-month-old ostriches fed a diet predominantly of crushed maize was investigated. raised levels of serum aspartate transaminase and creatine kinase were demonstrated in both birds. the less severely affected ostrich recovered after a single intramuscular injection of a vitamin e-selenium preparation but the other died despite therapy. an autopsy of the latter revealed focal pale areas in the thigh muscle. microscopically affected muscle fibres showed degeneration, nec ...	1983	6631892
[nutritional muscular dystrophy in a clutch of ostrich chicks].	six 1 1/2-month old ostrich chickens in the upington district of the cape province developed lameness. two died and pathological examination of one of them revealed lesions identical to those of white muscle disease in the larger muscle groups. vitamin e-selenium therapy cured the other 4. the diet of the animals consisted mainly of lucerne (alfalfa).	1984	6545370
function of the lower intestine and osmoregulation in the ostrich: preliminary anatomical and physiological observations.	the gross anatomy of the lower intestine of the african ostrich (struthio camelus) was investigated in four adult birds shot in the wild. the presence of 80 cm long paired caeca, and approximately 10 m of colon between ileum and the cloaca was confirmed. urine, but not faeces, was found in the coprodeum. retrograde flow into the colon was not observed. samples of contents from the lower intestine were secured from these birds and the water content, osmolality and concentrations in the supernatan ...	1984	6514998
intussusception in an ostrich chick.	intussusception of the distal small intestine was observed in a 5-week old ostrich chick. the intussusception occurred at the point of attachment of the yolk sac and was speculated as being a predisposing cause to the problem, as a result of localised infection. other predisposing causes seen in poultry such as enteritis, tumours, parasites and diet, were not evident in this case.	1984	6492056
ratites as oldest offshoot of avian stem--evidence from alpha-crystallin a sequences.	one of the most disputed issues in avian phylogeny is the origin of the ratites, the large flightless birds of the southern hemisphere (reviewed in refs 1-3). it is still not generally agreed whether the ostriches, rheas, emus and cassowaries, and probably kiwis, form a natural, monophyletic group, although much recent evidence supports this view. also, their phylogenetic relationship with the other avian orders remains unresolved, comparative protein sequence studies might shed new light on thi ...	1984	6482951
studies on the specificity of thyroid response to pituitary glycoprotein hormones.	thyrotropins (tsh) and gonadotropins (luteinizing hormone, lh, and follicle-stimulating hormone, fsh) purified from ovine, bovine, ostrich, sea turtle, and bullfrog pituitary glands were tested for their ability to simulate the thyroid glands of four species of amphibians (three anurans and a urodele), a reptile (the slider turtle), and a bird (the cockerel). all animals tested responded specifically to mammalian, sea turtle, and ostrich thyrotropins; any thyroid-stimulating activity of the gona ...	1984	6436141
two avian luteinizing hormone radioimmunoassay procedures compared by measurement of changes during the ovulatory cycle of turkey and broiler hens.	two radioimmunoassay (ria) procedures for measuring avian luteinizing hormone (lh) were compared using divided aliquots of plasma samples collected during the ovulatory cycles of turkey and broiler breeder hens in three separate experiments. the ria systems compared were the homologous turkey lh assay wentworth et al. (1976) and the homologous chicken lh assay of follett et al. (1972). both assays provided the same assessment of circulating lh changes. the preovulatory surge of lh was observed 6 ...	1984	6429660
organic phosphates increase the solubility of avian haemoglobin d and embryonic chicken haemoglobin.	the isolated minor haemoglobin fractions (haemoglobin d) of ostrich, chicken and duck haemoglobin, which constitute about 30% of total intracellular haemoglobin, form crystalline aggregates upon deoxygenation at physiological temperature, ionic strength and ph and at haemoglobin concentrations even well below those present in the red cell. the aggregation is reversed by oxygenation, and can be inhibited by addition of organic phosphates or the corresponding major haemoglobin fraction in a stoich ...	1984	6424651
biological and binding activities of pituitary hormones from the ostrich, struthio camelus.	biological and binding activities of adenohypophysial hormones purified from the ostrich (ost), struthio camelus, were compared to those of the corresponding hormones derived from mammalian and other avian species. the potency of ostrich prolactin was comparable to those of other avian preparations and slightly less active than the ovine hormone when tested in the pigeon crop-sac assay, but ostrich growth hormone (gh) was more potent than several other avian preparations and was comparable to ma ...	1983	6411519
adrenocorticotropin. 57. synthesis and biological activity of ostrich and turkey hormones.	synthesis of ostrich and turkey corticotropin (acth) has been accomplished by the solid-phase method. each was identical to the natural hormone in high performance liquid chromatography. relative potencies in a lipolytic assay in isolated rabbit fat cells were: human acth, 100; ostrich acth, 53; turkey acth, 28. in isolated rat fat cells relative lipolytic potencies were: human acth, 100; ostrich acth, 2; turkey acth, 13. it was concluded that lipolytic potency is sensitive to alterations in str ...	1984	6321369
beta-endorphin: analgesic and receptor binding activity of non-mammalian homologs.	analgesic potencies of turkey, ostrich and des-acetyl salmon beta-endorphins have been measured in the tail-flick test and binding affinities determined by radio-receptor assay. the duration of analgesia and the slope of the dose-response curves generated by these peptides are similar to those elicited by mammalian beta-endorphins. this suggests that they act in vivo and in vitro on the same population of opiate receptors. the ratio of binding to analgesic potencies observed for these peptides v ...	1982	6288596
beta-endorphin. synthesis and radioreceptor-binding activity of the ostrich hormone.	ostrich beta-endorphin has been synthesized by the solid-phase method. opiate activity in a radioreceptor binding assay is about seven times that of human beta-endorphin. structural differences within positions 6-15 account for the increased binding potency.	1982	6288586
synthesis of the nonatriacontapeptide corresponding to the entire amino acid sequence of ostrich adrenocorticotropic hormone.		1982	6284392
[ostrich face and efforts toward complete dental prosthetic care].		1981	6214122
subunits of an avian (ostrich) follicle-stimulating hormone and their hybridization with subunits of mammalian gonadotropins.	follicle-stimulating hormone (fsh) from the ostrich, struthio camelus, was dissociated by methods previously used to prepare subunits from mammalian gonadotropins. two chemically dissimilar subunits were obtained from the ostrich fsh and these resembled the alpha- and beta-subunits of mammalian fsh in amino acid composition. the subunits were relatively inactive in radioimmunoassay, radioreceptorassay, and bioassay when tested alone, but significant activity was regenerated upon their recombinat ...	1983	6195045
intracerebroventricular injection of ostrich beta-endorphin to satiated pigeons induces hyperphagia but not hyperdipsia.	satiated pigeons received intracerebroventricular injections of either ostrich (0.06, 0.3 and 1.5 nmoles) or human (0.06 and 1.5 nmoles) beta-endorphin, or a control solution, and their consumption of food and water was monitored during the half hour after these treatments. at each administered dose, ostrich beta-endorphin enhanced food without altering water intake. by contrast, human beta-endorphin did not induce any reliable alteration either of feeding or drinking. together with previous stu ...	1984	6093072
structural requirements and species specificity of the inhibition by beta-endorphin of heavy acetylcholinesterase from vertebrate skeletal muscle.	the molecular forms of acetylcholinesterase in extracts of gastrocnemius muscle from four vertebrate species and in electric eel (electrophorus) electric organ were separated and identified by low-salt precipitation and velocity sedimentation. the activity of the heavy insoluble (a12) form of human muscle acetylcholinesterase was inhibited by synthetic human beta-endorphin (500 mm). the homologous form in rat muscle extracts was poorly inhibited by human beta-endorphin at the same concentration, ...	1984	6087117
purification and properties of ostrich heart malate dehydrogenases.		1967	6033466
temperature regulation and evaporative cooling in the ostrich.		1967	6018016
a feather pulp culture technique for avian chromosomes, with notes on the chromosomes of the peafowl and the ostrich.		1968	5703048
cardio-vascular and skeletal muscle changes in two ostriches (struthio camelus linnaeus).		1970	5527694
isolation of edwardsiella tarda from an ostrich and an australian skink.		1969	5388164
editorial. the posture of the ostrich.		1969	5254798
playing ostrich.		1972	5067251
sephadex fractionation of phosvitins from duck, turkey and ostrich egg yolk.		1972	5064123
[testispherite centres in ostrich egg shells].		1966	4862094
[letter: the human ostrich].		1973	4734028
the amino acid sequence of ostrich (struthio camelus) cytochrome c.		1974	4364857
[the hip joint of the ostrich as a biologic model for orthopedic problems].		1970	4253081
the isolation and characterization of serum albumin from the ostrich (struthio camelus).	ostrich serum albumin (ossa) was purified by a combination of heat fractionation and polyethylene glycol precipitation. equilibrium centrifugation revealed a relative molecular mass of 71,666 for the purified monomer, whereas the presence of a dimeric form was confirmed by means of page and sds-page analysis. compared to other species, relatively high levels of proline, glycine, isoleucine and histidine together with lowered amounts of half cystine, phenylalanine and arginine were observed in os ...	1985	4092440
isolation and characterization of a neurophysin from ostrich neurohypophyses.	a neurophysin has been isolated from ostrich neurohypophyses using acid acetone extraction, salt fractionation and sephadex g-75 chromatography. the crude neurophysin eluting from the sephadex g-75 column was subjected to a) reverse-phase hplc followed by sephadex g-75 chromatography, b) deae-sephadex a-50 chromatography or c) isoelectric focusing. the different homogeneous ostrich neurophysin fractions so obtained were compared i.t.o. amino acid composition, spectral properties, n-terminal amin ...	1985	4077382
the isolation and characterization of pepsinogens from the proventriculus of the ostrich struthio camelus.	three pepsinogens were isolated and purified from the proventriculus of the ostrich struthio camelus, by a combination of chromatography steps on deae-cellulose, sephadex g-100 and hydroxylapatite. the purified pepsinogens manifested peptic activity towards haemoglobin as substrate after activation, but resembled chicken pepsinogens in that they appeared to lose their potential peptic activities during storage. all three pepsinogens contained glycine as n-terminal amino acid, but differed in the ...	1985	4053575
[typhlohepatitis in ostriches (struthio camelus) caused by a histomonas infection].	acute typhlohepatitis was diagnosed in two juvenile ostriches (struthio camelus). gross pathology and histologic examination revealed a striking resemblance with histomoniasis in galliformes.	1985	4041079
blood chemical and electrolyte concentrations in the ostrich struthio camelus.	serum levels of sodium, potassium, chloride, phosphorus, iron, total magnesium, total calcium, alkaline phosphatase, alanine transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, aspartate transaminase, urea, creatinine, total protein, albumin and plasma glucose were determined in 49 ostriches (struthio camelus) kept under semi-extensive conditions.	1985	4020817
lung volume changes during respiration in ducks.	the avian lung has been considered to be rigid and to remain isovolumetric during the respiratory cycle. we tested this hypothesis by implanting radiopaque markers of tantalum on the dorsal pulmonary surfaces and ventral pulmonary aponeuroses of pekin ducks (anas platyrhynchos) and measuring changes in lung thickness during the respiratory cycle using high speed cineradiography. we found small but regular changes in lung thickness that were synchronous with respiratory phase. lung thickness was ...	1985	3975499
nonmammalian growth hormones have diabetogenic and insulin-like activities.	purified ghs isolated from ostrich, sea turtle, snapping turtle, bullfrog, tilapia, and sturgeon were tested for in vivo diabetogenic activity in the hereditarily obese ob/ob mouse and for in vitro insulin-like activity in isolated adipose tissue from hypophysectomized rats. ghs from all species exhibited significant diabetogenic activity, causing fasting hyperglycemia and decreased glucose tolerance when administered at doses of 100 micrograms/day (ostrich, bullfrog, and sturgeon) or 200 microg ...	1985	3882411
ovomucoid third domains from 100 avian species: isolation, sequences, and hypervariability of enzyme-inhibitor contact residues.	ovomucoids were isolated from egg whites of 100 avian species and subjected to limited proteolysis. from each an intact, connecting peptide extended third domain was isolated and purified. these were entirely sequenced by single, continuous runs in a sequencer. of the 106 sequences we report (five polymorphisms and chicken from the preceding paper [kato, i., schrode, j., kohr, w. j., & laskowski, m., jr. (1986) biochemistry (preceding paper in this issue)]), 65 are unique. in all cases except os ...	1987	3828298
the major blood vessels of the wing of the ostrich (struthio camelus).	the major blood vessels of the ostrich wing were studied by dissection of the wings of 8 ostriches. the axillary artery entered the caudo-ventral aspect of the wing and divided into the brachial and deep brachial arteries. the deep brachial artery gave rise to the radial and ulnar collateral arteries which supplied the caudodorsal aspect of the brachium. the brachial artery divided in the cubital fossa into the smaller ulnar and large radial arteries. the ulnar artery supplied the cranio-ventral ...	1986	3796944
mesotocin and vasotocin, two neurohypophysial hormones in the ostrich, struthio camelus.	two neurohypophysial hormones have been isolated from an avian species, the ostrich, struthio camelus. both have been characterized by amino acid analysis and sequence determination. the data obtained suggest that the oxytocin-like hormone is [ile8-oxytocin] (mesotocin) and the vasopressin-like hormone is [ile3-vasopressin] (vasotocin). bioactivity measurements based on urinary conductivity showed vasotocin to be about five times as active as mesotocin.	1986	3793371
preliminary investigation into the nutrition of ostrich chicks (struthio camelus) under intensive conditions.	twenty ostrich chicks (struthio camelus) up to 8 weeks of age were fed isocaloric diets containing protein levels of 14%, 16%, 18% and 20%. the highest mean body weight gain was obtained from feeding the 20% protein diet; however, this result was not significantly different at the 0.05 level of probability. feed conversion favoured the 18% protein group. during the seventh and eighth week of the experimental period some chicks developed leg deformities. clinical signs, radiological findings and ...	1986	3783569
[organ enzyme patterns and plasma enzyme activities in the chicken, ostrich and flamingo].		1986	3775347
precursors of mesotocin and vasotocin in birds: identification of vldv- and msel- neurophysins in chicken, goose, and ostrich.	precursors of neurohypophysial hormones are small proteins processed into nonapeptide hormones and neurophysins during axonal transport to the neurohypophysis. in mammals, oxytocin is associated with vldv-neurophysin and vasopressin with msel-neurophysin. in birds, mesotocin and vasotocin are found instead of mammalian oxytocin and vasopressin. from goose, chicken and ostrich posterior pituitary glands, two types of neurophysins related to mammalian vldv- and msel-neurophysins, respectively, hav ...	1986	3742012
the expression of alpha d-chains in the hemoglobin of adult ostrich (struthio camelus) and american rhea (rhea americana). the different evolution of adult bird alpha a-, alpha d- and beta-chains.	the hemoglobin of adult american rhea (rhea americana) and ostrich (struthio camelus) contains two components identified to be hba (alpha 2a beta 2) and hbd (alpha 2d beta 2). the amino-acid sequence of alpha d-chains from hbd of adult american rhea and ostrich has been determined. the sequence was studied by edman degradation of tryptic peptides and chemical cleavage products in a liquid phase sequencer. by homologous comparison with pheasant hbd (phasianus colchicus colchicus), the alpha d-cha ...	1986	3741627
an anaesthetic combination of ketamine, xylazine and alphaxalone-alphadolone in ostriches (struthio camelus).		1986	3739196
the topography of the thoraco-abdominal viscera in the ostrich (struthio camelus).	the topography of the thoraco-abdominal viscera in the ostrich was studied in 20 birds varying in age from 2 weeks to 12 months. the lungs occupied the dorsal third of the thorax, and the heart lay in the cranioventral thorax perpendicular to the long axis of the body. there was no pleural cavity. the liver was situated in the caudoventral part of the thorax, and the proventriculus occupied the left cranial part of the abdomen between the 7th vertebral rib and the acetabulum. the gizzard lay in ...	1986	3725330
purification and primary structure of ostrich pancreatic polypeptide.	pancreatic polypeptide has been isolated from ostrich pancreas by gel filtration, ion exchange chromatography and high pressure liquid chromatography. the ostrich peptide contains 36 amino acids and has an amino acid composition similar to pancreatic polypeptide of other avian species. the primary structure of ostrich pancreatic polypeptide differs from that of the chicken peptide only at residues 3 and 18 where the ostrich peptide contains an alanine and a valine residue compared to the serine ...	1987	3623804
silence as resistance to medical intervention.	a group of 47 individuals initially silent about their physical symptoms and/or dysfunction were studied after they finally had come to medical attention. they were then interviewed, using the associative anamnesis technique, to evaluate the psychologic aspects of their silence. it was found to be a key element in the defensive complex directed against intense neurotic feelings activated by the patient's current physical condition. the tendency toward silence appeared to have been reinforced by ...	1987	3609732
nest microclimate and incubation water loss of eggs of the african ostrich (struthio camelus var. domesticus).	the microclimate of the nest and the rates of egg water loss were studied at weekly intervals throughout the 41-day incubation period in six ostrich nests. overall mean values were a central egg temperature of 34.9 degrees c associated with saturation vapor pressure of 42 torr, a mean nest vapor pressure of 11 torr, and an ambient vapor pressure of 8.4 torr. the egg water loss increased from 4,000 to 4,800 mg x day-1 over the incubation period, and the total water loss was equal to 13.2% of the ...	1987	3598495
the isolation and partial characterization of trypsin from the pancreas of the ostrich struthio camelus.	cationic trypsin was isolated and purified from the pancreas of the ostrich (struthio camelus) by affinity chromatography on a trasylol-sepharose column. external activation of trypsinogen was required before trypsin could be isolated. the final preparation was homogeneous by sds-page and by sedimentation equilibrium centrifugation studies, resulting in mr values of 24,547 and 22,091, respectively. the mmin value obtained from amino acid analysis was 22,450. a mean sedimentation coefficient of 2 ...	1987	3581798
identification of gln8-gnrh and his5,trp7,tyr8-gnrh in the hypothalamus and extrahypothalamic brain of the ostrich (struthio camelus).	gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh) molecular forms were studied in extracts of ostrich hypothalamus and extrahypothalamic brain using high performance liquid chromatography, radioimmunoassay with region-specific antisera and assessment of luteinizing hormone (lh)-releasing activity using chicken dispersed pituitary cells. two molecular forms of gnrh with chromatographic, immunological and biological properties identical to those of gln8-gnrh and his5,trp7,tyr8-gnrh were demonstrated in both t ...	1987	3554166
ventriculostomy for removal of multiple foreign bodies in an ostrich.		1986	3505946
perturbation of the human t-cell antigen receptor-t3 complex leads to the production of inositol tetrakisphosphate: evidence for conversion from inositol trisphosphate.	antibodies directed against the t-cell antigen receptor-t3 complex mimic antigen and lead to cellular changes consistent with activation. when cells of the human t-cell line jurkat were stimulated with a monoclonal antibody directed against t3, inositol phosphates were produced. in addition to inositol trisphosphate, which is the product of phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate cleavage, a second inositol polyphosphate was formed. this compound was more polar than inositol trisphosphate but less pol ...	1986	3488551
counting components of the chicken's b cell system.	at the risk of representing a chicken as a hybrid between a hummingbird and an ostrich, we can summarize the preceding sections and order-of-magnitude estimates as follows. chicken b lymphocytes are derived from less than 10(5) lymphoid precursor cells, which either have already rearranged their ig genes before they colonize the embryonic bursa, or (more probably) rapidly give rise to cells with rearranged genes within the bursa's 10(4) follicles. since the bird's functional germline ig v genes ...	1986	3488258
complete amino acid sequence of a vldv-type neurophysin from ostrich differs markedly from known mammalian neurophysins.	the neurohypophyseal hormones vasopressin and oxytocin are known to be synthesized in eutherian mammals as part of larger precursors containing either msel- or vldv-neurophysins. a neurophysin has been isolated from ostrich neurohypophyses and shown by partial amino acid sequence determination to be related to mammalian vldv-neurophysin. the present report describes the complete amino acid sequence of this ostrich neurophysin containing 93 residues. this amino acid sequence, the first reported i ...	1987	3436699
marketing medicine.	medical etiquette has always discouraged advertising. indeed, the profession as a whole has tended to view the idea of marketing medicine as at best, a trifle infra dig. maintenance of this attitude has been helped by an ostrich like approach to the realities of private practice, and to the activities of drug companies, which have contributed significantly to our therapeutic abilities. the moves to corporatise and privatise institutions have raised the level of concern of our new zealand medical ...	1988	3380428
a fern spore storage protein is genetically similar to the 1.7 s seed storage protein of brassica napus.	the ostrich fern, matteuccia struthiopteris l., contains two globulin spore storage proteins of 2.2 s and 11.3 s, with physical characteristics similar to those of seed storage proteins of brassica napus (rapeseed) and raphanus sativus (radish). by the use of a cloned cdna that encodes the 1.7 s b. napus storage protein (napin), gene sequences that hybridized with napin were detected in fern nuclear dna, and a 900-nucleotide homologous mrna was detected in developing spores. in vitro translation ...	1988	3242496
diffusive resistance of avian eggshell pores.	resistance to gas diffusion through the avian eggshell resides in the microscopic pores which penetrate the shell. we calculated the resistance to water vapor diffusion of individual pores in the shells of 23 species of avian eggs, based on measurements of pore dimensions taken from drawings of 321 pore casts published by tyler (1962, 1964, 1965) and tyler and simkiss (1959). diffusive resistances were calculated from fick's first law, using a 100-segment model of each pore. in addition, we adde ...	1988	3222566
field and laboratory investigation of crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever virus (nairovirus, family bunyaviridae) infection in birds.	in november 1984 a case of crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever (cchf) occurred in a worker who became ill after slaughtering ostriches (struthio camelus) on a farm near oudtshoorn in the cape province of south africa. the diagnosis was confirmed by isolation of cchf virus from the patient's serum and by demonstration of a specific antibody response. it was suspected that infection was acquired either by contact with ostrich blood or by inadvertently crushing infected hyalomma ticks while skinning o ...	1987	3140434
purification and primary structure of ostrich insulin.	insulin has been isolated from ostrich pancreas by a procedure of acid ethanol extraction, adsorption onto sp-sephadex, gel permeation chromatography and hplc. the primary structure of the ostrich insulin is identical to that reported for the chicken hormone. the isoelectric point as determined by polyacrylamide gel isoelectric focusing was significantly higher than that of the bovine hormone.	1988	3045031
beta-endorphin: peripheral opioid activity of homologues from six species.	the peripheral opioid activity of six homologous beta-endorphins (beta-eps) were assayed on the guinea pig ileum and the vas deferens of the mouse, the rat and the rabbit. in the guinea pig ileum assay, human beta-ep (beta h-ep) was less potent than camel, turkey, and ostrich beta-eps, of the same potency as equine beta-ep and more active than des-acetyl salmon beta-ep. in the rat vas deferens, mammalian beta-eps showed higher activity than those from the bird and the fish, whereas in the mouse ...	1987	2954920
[phylogeny of neurohypophyseal hormones in birds: microidentification of mesotocin and vasotocin in the ostrich (struthio camelus)].	ostrich (struthio camelus) neurohypophysial hormones have been isolated from 5 freeze-dried posterior pituitary glands. purification has involved three steps: a first molecular sieving on sephadex g-75 for eliminating proteins, a second molecular sieving on bio-gel p4 for separating the two active principles and a high pressure reverse-phase liquid chromatography (hplc) on nova-pak c 18 with an 10 mm acetate-acetonitrile gradient for isolating each hormone. the active peptides have been identifi ...	1986	2943369
reference blood chemical values in ostriches (struthio camelus).	reference blood chemical values were determined for 65 male and 61 female ostriches (struthio camelus) 1 month to 72 months of age. plasma values of glucose, total protein, triglycerides, cholesterol, uric acid, urea, bilirubin, creatinine, osmolality, electrolytes, and enzyme activity were determined. in general, differences in various values appeared mainly among age groups and less so between sexes. older ostriches had lower plasma glucose values and enzyme activity than did younger ostriches ...	1989	2802331
the isolation and partial characterization of chymotrypsinogen from the pancreas of the ostrich (struthio camelus).	1. cationic chymotrypsinogen from the pancreas of the ostrich was purified to homogeneity by sulfuric acid extraction of pancrei, (nh4)2so4 fractionation and sp-sephadex c-50 and sephadex g-100 chromatography. 2. the final preparation was homogeneous when subjected to sds-page, isoelectric focusing and sedimentation equilibrium centrifugation. the mmin value obtained from amino acid analysis was 25,572 da. a mean sedimentation coefficient of 2.575 s was obtained by sedimentation velocity centrif ...	1989	2753201
ostrich msel-neurophysin belongs to the class of two-domain "big" neurophysin as indicated by complete amino acid sequence of the neurophysin/copeptin.	mammalian neurohypophyseal hormones, oxytocin and vasopressin, are known to be synthesized as part of two larger precursors containing, respectively, a vldv-neurophysin and a msel-neurophysin together with its associated glycopeptide. starting from ostrich neurohypophyses, a "big" neurophysin was isolated and chemically characterized. following sequence determination of the cnbr-derived fragments and of peptides obtained from trypsin and v8-protease digestion of the oxidized protein, this "big" ...	1989	2722398
anatomy of the avian cecum.	the gross anatomy of the avian ceca is reviewed. in most birds, right and left ceca arise laterally or ventrolaterally at the junction of the small and large intestines. in a few species, the ceca open into the rectum ventrally or dorsally. in many herons and bitterns, only one cecum is present, and in the secretary bird there are two pairs of ceca. ceca are absent in woodpeckers, hummingbirds, swifts, kingfishers, pigeons, mousebirds, cuckoos, and parrots. ceca may be classified according to le ...	1989	2575123
ostrich fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase: distribution of activity and purification of the liver isoenzyme.	1. fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase was assayed in crude extracts of physiologically important organs and tissues in the ostrich. 2. highest activity was found in liver and lowest in brain tissue. 3. no activity was detected in the heart, gizzard or adrenals. 4. the enzyme was purified in homogeneous, apparently undegraded form from liver utilizing blue dextran-sepharose affinity chromatography. 5. the enzyme is similar to mammalian fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase in many respects including its indispens ...	1989	2551754
effects of diverse mammalian and nonmammalian gonadotropins in a rat granulosa cell bioassay for follicle-stimulating hormone.	the biopotencies of pituitary gonadotropins purified from a marsupial (kangaroo), two avian (ostrich and turkey), a reptile (turtle), an amphibian (bullfrog), and two fish (sturgeon and teleost) species were examined using an in vitro rat granulosa cell bioassay for follicle-stimulating hormone (fsh). treatment of cultured granulosa cells with increasing concentrations of gonadotropin preparations from these species resulted in dose-dependent increases in estrogen production from negligible amou ...	1989	2494099
characterization of matteuccin, the 2.2s storage protein of the ostrich fern. evolutionary relationship to angiosperm seed storage proteins.	the 2.2s spore storage protein (matteuccin) of the ostrich fern, matteuccia struthiopteris, has been isolated and characterized. it is a small basic protein consisting of two disulfide-linked polypeptides with approximate molecular masses of 3.0 kda and 8.0 kda. at least four different isoforms exist where two of the forms differ from the other by having a slightly smaller heavy chain. amino acid analysis reveals that the 2.2s protein is rich in arginine. almost complete amino acid sequence info ...	1990	2401286
a light microscopic and immunocytochemical study of the gastrointestinal tract of the ostrich (struthio camelus l.).	although the histological features and endocrine cells of the gastro-intestinal tract of the chicken have been well studied, little is known about these features of the gut of the ostrich. the present study was undertaken to elucidate the histology and peptide-storing endocrine cells of the ostrich. as a rule the histological features of the gastro-intestinal tract of the ostrich corresponded to that of the fowl. however, certain differences were observed. the superficial proventricular glands w ...	1990	2338997
chemical immobilisation in ostriches (struthio camelus) using etorphine hydrochloride.		1990	2288063
partial amino acid sequence of osteocalcin from an extinct species of ratite bird.	osteocalcin the major gamma carboxyglutamic acid containing protein of vertebrate bone has been purified from the bones of a specimen of pachyornis elephantopus, a species of the extinct class of new zealand ratite birds, the moas. the sequence of the n-terminal region of moa osteocalcin was determined using gas phase n-terminal sequencing. the n-terminal sequences of the ostrich and rhea osteocalcins were also determined. alignment of the n-terminal sequence of osteocalcin from the extinct moa ...	1990	2222494
the sexual response as exercise. a brief review and theoretical proposal.	the sexual response is a form of exercise which has strong biological and evolutionary components. few studies have focused upon sexual behaviour as exercise and the reasons for this are considered. current information and leads for future study come from animal research. some historical precursors to modern sex researchers did more to mislead than to advance knowledge but kinsey and masters & johnson set the stage for modern knowledge and applications. there are parallels between the orgasmic r ...	1990	2192423
the ostrich pituitary contains a major peptide homologous to mammalian chromogranin a(1-76).	a major peptide related to the nh2-terminal fragment (position 1 to 76) of mammalian chromogranin a was isolated from ostrich adenohypophyses following acid-acetone extraction. the complete amino acid sequence of the homogenous peptide was deduced following automatic edman degradation of the native peptide as well as of cnbr-, tryptic- and lysobacter-derived peptides. the 76 amino acid sequence is strikingly homologous to bovine (80.3% sequence identity), porcine (79.0%), human (79.0%) and rat ( ...	1990	2188233
tradimus. the ostrich approach.		1990	2116860
hematologic and blood chemistry values of the masai ostrich (struthio camelus).	normal mean values for hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration, erythrocyte and leukocyte counts, hematimetric indices, erythrocyte dimensions, glucose, urea, uric acid, cholesterol, creatinine, total bilirubin, serum aspartate aminotransferase, serum alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, creatinine phosphokinase, lactic dehydrogenase, inorganic phosphorus, chloride, total plasma protein, sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium were obtained from the blood or plasma of four masai ostric ...	1991	2023325
exotic ectoparasites of ostriches recently imported into the united states.	eleven species of ectoparasitic arthropods were collected and identified from ostriches (struthio camelus) recently imported into the united states from africa and europe. four of these species are reported from ostriches for the first time. the parasites included adult hippoboscid flies (struthiobosca struthionis) and 10 species of adult ixodid ticks (amblyomma gemma, a. lepidum, a. variegatum, haemaphysalis punctata, hyalomma albiparmatum, h. luscitanicum, h. marginatum rufipes, h. truncatum, ...	1991	2023323
ostrich crystallins. structural characterization of delta-crystallin with enzymic activity.	lens crystallins from the african ostrich (struthio camelus) were isolated and characterized. four crystallin fractions corresponding to alpha-, delta/beta- and beta-crystallins similar to those of duck crystallins were isolated, but epsilon-crystallin was found to be absent. the native molecular masses and subunit structures of the purified fractions were analysed by gel filtration. sds/page and isoelectric focusing, revealing various extents of heterogeneity in each orthologous crystallin clas ...	1991	1991029
purification and primary structure of glucagon from ostrich pancreas splenic lobes.	glucagon is a highly conserved polypeptide hormone which appears to play a more important role in regulation of glycaemia in birds than insulin. ostrich glucagon was isolated and purified from ostrich pancreas splenic lobes using an adapted acid ethanol extraction procedure, gel filtration, ion exchanges, and hplc steps. the purified glucagon fraction appeared to contain small quantities of a more acidic contaminant (polyacrylamide gel isoelectric focussing, page) but appeared homogeneous on sds ...	1991	1938110
anasarca and myopathy in ostrich chicks.	twenty ostrich chicks that died at, or within, 1 week after hatching were examined from 7 farms with poor (43 to 75%) hatchability. all chicks had anasarca and 15 had mild, generalised, acute degenerative changes in the complexus and pelvic limb muscles. one had fibrinoid degeneration of arterioles. biochemical examinations produced no evidence of deficiencies of selenium, vitamin a or vitamin e. the syndrome was related to high relative humidity during incubation. malpositioning also was a caus ...	1991	1929991
spermatozoa and relationships in palaeognath birds.	in this paper the authors describe the ultrastructure of the mature spermatozoon and the spermatid in struthio camelus and dromaius novaehollandiae. the first species is characterized by a rod-like perforatorium within an endonuclear canal in the anterior third of the nucleus, while the second is characterized by an extremely reduced completely extranuclear perforatorium. other differences are in the sperm dimensions, the number of mitochondria and the length of the axonemal accessory fibers. co ...	1991	1912945
[spongiform encephalopathy in a red-necked ostrich (struthio camelus)].	the paper describes anamnestic, macroscopic and microscopic findings in a female ostrich (struthio camelus), euthanatized because of central nervous and locomotion disorders. systemic arteriosclerotic lesions were combined with adiposis and signs of spongiform encephalopathy, localized in the brain stem and the medulla oblongata. aetiopathogenesis of the disease remains unknown. differential diagnosis is discussed and the disease compared to similar findings in mammals which suffered from bse/sc ...	1991	1887441
proventriculotomy to relieve foreign body impaction in ostriches.	a study was conducted to identify the clinical signs associated with impaction of the proventriculus in ostriches, to identify diagnostic aids, and to develop a surgical procedure for management of the disorder. clinical signs indicating the need for surgical intervention included chronic inappetance, a change in fecal consistency or production, dehydration, weight loss, and failure to respond to laxatives. diagnosis of impacted proventriculus was by abdominal radiography and external palpation. ...	1991	1833364
deoxygenation-linked association of a tetrameric component of chicken hemoglobin.	deoxygenation-dependent association of hemoglobin tetramers appears to be widespread among amphibians, reptiles, and possibly all or most birds. the evidence for this conclusion depends largely on oxygen equilibria of whole blood which have hill coefficients that reach values as high as 5-7 at 80-90% oxygenation. computer simulation of the sedimentation velocity behavior of the major components a and d of chicken hemoglobin shows that component d but not a self-associates to form dimers of tetra ...	1992	1730642
vertebrate lens alpha-crystallins are modified by o-linked n-acetylglucosamine.	crystallins are structural proteins responsible for establishing the remarkable optical properties of the lens. yet many of these highly conserved proteins are also expressed in nonocular tissues, where they have alternative functions apparently unrelated to their structural role in the lens. here we report that lens alpha-crystallins, some of which function as heat-shock proteins in other tissues, are modified with o-linked n-acetylglucosamine (o-glcnac). an in vitro enzymatic assay that transf ...	1992	1730617
premature ventricular contractions and apparent hypertension during anesthesia in an ostrich.	premature ventricular contractions and apparent hypertension were seen in an adult ostrich anesthetized with isoflurane. the ostrich had septic joints and was anesthetized to allow joint lavage. the premature ventricular contractions occurred at a rate of 1 to 2/min, with a brief period of 12 to 15/min, and were not treated with any antiarrhythmic drugs. normal blood pressures for awake or anesthetized adult ostriches are not readily available, but blood pressures in this bird were higher than i ...	1991	1714891
the antigenic structure of the human glycoprotein hormone alpha-subunit: ii. cross-species comparisons.	eight monoclonal antibodies, specific for the glycoprotein hormone alpha-subunit, were raised against human free alpha-subunit, human fsh, or human cg. all of these antihuman monoclonal antibodies were tested for cross-reactivity with alpha-subunits derived from bovine, porcine, equine, bull frog, sea turtle, turkey, and ostrich glycoprotein hormones. all showed cross-reactivity with affinities ranging from 10(-4) to 10(-8) depending upon the antibody and the species of alpha-subunit. cyanogen b ...	1990	1701134
a preliminary investigation into the immobilising potential of a tiletamine/zolazepam mixture, metomidate, a metomidate and azaperone combination and medetomidine in ostriches (struthio camelus).	ostrich chicks (n = 34) were successfully immobilised with intramuscular injections of a tiletamine/zolazepam mixture at dosages of 5, 10, 15 and 20 mg kg-1; with metomidate at dosages of 15 and 20 mg kg-1 and with a metomidate/azaperone combination at respectively 20 and 6.6 mg kg-1, and 10 and 3.3 mg kg-1. unsatisfactory immobilisation with violent body movements and self traumatisation were observed in an adult ostrich after the intramuscular administration of a tiletamine/zolezepam mixture. ...	1991	1685191
characterization of chicken acth and alpha-msh: the primary sequence of chicken acth is more similar to xenopus acth than to other avian acth.	adrenocorticotropic (acth) and melanocyte stimulating (msh) hormones have been demonstrated in the same cells in the cephalic half of the pars distalis of the chicken pituitary glands in three ways: (i) immunohistochemistry, (ii) radioimmunoassay (ria) using both anti-human or porcine acth and synthetic alpha-msh antibodies, and (iii) isolation and purification, followed by the determination of amino acid compositions of both hormones. the contents of acth and alpha-msh are estimated by ria to b ...	1991	1652532
anesthetic management of ostriches.	we evaluated and characterized several anesthetic induction protocols used to facilitate intubation and anesthetic maintenance with isoflurane in 7 adult ostriches and 1 juvenile ostrich. induction protocols included iv administration of zolazepam/tiletamine, iv administration of diazepam/ketamine with and without xylazine, iv administration of xylazine/ketamine, im administration of carfentanil or xylazine/carfentanil, and mask induction with isoflurane. general anesthesia was maintained with i ...	1992	1624341
the isolation and partial characterization of trypsinogen, pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor and multiple forms of chymotrypsinogen and trypsin from the pancreas of the ostrich (struthio camelus).	1. psti, two chymotrypsinogens and two trypsins were purified to homogeneity by acid extraction, salt fractionation, sp-sephadex c-50 chromatography and rp-hplc. 2. a third chymotrypsinogen, a trypsinogen and another trypsin were purified using an alkaline extraction procedure, followed by trasylol- and benzamidine-sepharose affinity chromatography and hydroxylapatite chromatography. 3. the enzymes differed in amino acid composition as well as in specific activities towards synthetic amidase and ...	1992	1612178
plastic surgeon as an ostrich in the surgical treatment of cleft palate.		1992	1584882
"the policy of the ostrich". 1919.		1992	1555167
ostrich (struthio camelus) immobilisation using carfentanil and xylazine and reversal with yohimbine and naltrexone.	ostriches (struthio camelus) (n = 20) were immobilised from a helicopter by darting with a total dose of 3 mg carfentanil and 150 mg xylazine. an initial excitement phase was displayed, commencing on average at 2.67 min (s.d. 0.72) after darting, and the average time to recumbency was 4.97 min (s.d. 1.05). the average heart and respiration rates prior to reversal were 121.2 (s.d. 19.96) and 13.7 (s.d. 5.96) min-1 respectively. reversal was achieved by the intravenous injection of yohimbine at ap ...	1992	1491416
reference serum biochemical values for emus and ostriches.	reference serum biochemical values were determined in blood samples from 15 male, 18 female, and 4 unsexed emus (dromaius novaehollandiae) 1 to 48 months old. serum biochemical values also were obtained for 19 male, 26 female, and 4 unsexed ostriches (struthio camelus) 1 to 60 months old. parametric (mean +/- 2 sd) and non-parametric (fifth to 95th percentile) reference ranges and linear trends as influenced by age were determined for enzyme activities and concentrations of glucose, inorganic ph ...	1992	1456516