Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| ostrich microsatellite polymorphisms at the vias-os4, vias-os8, vias-os14, vias-os22, and vias-os29 loci. | 1998 | 9745685 | |
| microsporidiosis in a young ostrich (struthio camelus). | microsporidia are obligate, intracellular, protozoan parasites of a wide variety of vertebrates and invertebrates. confirmed reports of microsporidial infection of avian species are few (lovebirds, a parrot, and a group of budgerigar chicks). at slaughter, a 14-mo-old ostrich was found to have small intestinal serosal hemorrhages during postmortem inspection. histologic examination of the small intestine revealed a chronic lymphoplasmacytic to purulent enteritis with mucosal hyperplasia, muscula ... | 1998 | 9876859 |
| self-amplification of satellite dna in vitro. | we describe a pcr-like reaction in which genomic dna acts as a template as well as a primer. interaction between genomic tandem repeat units leads to self-amplification of satellite dna. this genomic self-priming pcr (gsp-pcr) allowed the rapid amplification of species-specific tandem repeats of horse, cattle, dolphin, and chicken. a novel specific satellite of ostrich with a repeat unit of 60 bp was isolated using this method. | 1998 | 9729777 |
| can any ostrich fly?: some new data on belief bias in syllogistic reasoning. | according to one version of the mental models theory (oakhill, j.v., johnson-laird, p.n., garnham, a., 1989. believability and syllogistic reasoning. cognition 31, 117-140) beliefs exert their influence on reasoning in three ways. first they can affect the interpretation of the premises, for example by conversion. second, they can curtail the search for alternative models of the premises, if an initial model supports a believable conclusion. third, they can act as a filter on any conclusion that ... | 1998 | 9894404 |
| ratite production as an agricultural enterprise. | the ratite industry remains in the market introduction stage of evolution; basic information on markets and production is limited. it is uncertain when, or perhaps whether, either the ostrich or emu industries will progress to the market growth stage. until significant expansion occurs, ratite operations are likely to be faced with low or even nonexistant profits. it is the authors' observation that the ostrich industry is making slow but significant progress toward introducing products into pot ... | 1998 | 10098232 |
| ratite reproduction. | the role of the veterinarian in ostrich production in the future will be to develop least-cost management programs. this article focuses on the ostrich as the only current commercially viable ratite species. managing a successful ranch involves disease prevention, genetic selection, environmental management, and nutrition. | 1998 | 10098236 |
| isolation and identification of birnaviruses from ostriches (struthio camelus). | 1998 | 9501388 | |
| factors on farms in eastern australia associated with the development of tibiotarsal rotation in ostrich chicks. | to determine the incidence of tibiotarsal rotation (ttr) in ostrich chicks and to identify factors on farms associated with the development of ttr. | 1998 | 9578781 |
| [case report. three ostriches (struthio camelus l., 1758), female, 18, 20 and 24 months old]. | 1998 | 9626741 | |
| lack of protection against oxidative modification of ldl by avian hdl. | human and murine high density lipoprotein (hdl) has previously been shown to decrease the accumulation of lipid peroxides on low density lipoprotein (ldl) under oxidising conditions. several lines of evidence, including the ineffectiveness of hdl from paraoxonase knockout mice, suggest that paraoxonase (pon1) located on hdl is responsible for its protective effect against lipid peroxidation. in this report we compare the effect of hdl from chicken, turkey and ostrich with human hdl on lipid pero ... | 1998 | 9642147 |
| evaluation of a competitive elisa for detection of antibodies against avian influenza virus nucleoprotein. | a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (c-elisa) employing a baculovirus-expressed recombinant nucleoprotein and a monoclonal antibody was developed for the detection of antibodies to type a influenza virus nucleoprotein. the performance of the c-elisa was evaluated by testing 756 chickens, 1123 turkeys, 707 emus, and 1261 ostriches, for a total of 3847 serum samples. relative to the agar gel immunodiffusion (agid) test, the c-elisa had a sensitivity of 100% for all four species. the c- ... | 1998 | 9777152 |
| impaction of the stomachs in farmed ostriches (struthio camelus) in botswana. | impaction of the proventriculus, gizzard, and sometimes intestines due to sand was confirmed at postmortem in 25 cases involving ostriches (struthio camelus). although there was no age predisposition, impaction was more common in juvenile over 3 mo old. clinical signs included sternal recumbency, outstretched neck, debility, and inability to stand. palpation of the impacted stomachs gave a gritty sensation. depletion of coronary fat was a consistent postmortem finding. the most common material c ... | 1998 | 9777162 |
| courtship behaviour of ostriches (struthio camelus) towards humans under farming conditions in britain. | 1. the courtship behaviour of adult male and female ostriches was observed in the presence and absence of human beings. 2. courtship behaviours in both males and females were more prevalent in the presence of humans. 3. exposure to a human for a short period did not stimulate courtship behaviour in the period immediately after the human had withdrawn. 4. courtship behaviour towards humans may be important in the reproductive success of ostriches in a farming environment. | 1998 | 9800029 |
| morphology of the distal tip of the upper mandible of the ostrich (struthio camelus) embryo during hatching. | 1. the morphology of the distal part of the upper mandible in ostrich embryos was investigated using scanning electron microscopy just prior to and during hatching. 2. although a keel-like structure on the tip of the upper mandible superficially resembles an egg tooth it appears to play no role during hatching. 3. the distal tip of the upper mandible is covered by an amorphous layer, the right side of which disappears during the hatching process. this layer acts to protect the beak during the ru ... | 1998 | 9800047 |
| experimental infection of ostriches with crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever virus. | following the occurrence of an outbreak of crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever (cchf) among workers at an ostrich abattoir in south africa in 1996, 9 susceptible young ostriches were infected subcutaneously with the virus in order to study the nature of the infection which they undergo. the ostriches developed viraemia which was demonstrable on days 1-4 following infection, with a maximum intensity of 4.0 log10 mouse intracerebral ld50/ml being recorded on day 2 in 1 of the birds. virus was detecta ... | 1998 | 9825796 |
| viruses and virus-like particles identified in ostrich gut contents. | samples of either gut content from ostriches showing symptoms of enteritis, or allantoic fluid of eggs inoculated with ostrich isolates, were examined for the presence of viral agents by direct negative-contrast electron microscopy. only a few virus types could be identified with certainty, namely a circovirus (1 sample), a coronavirus (1 sample), a member of either the toga- or bunyaviridae (1 sample), enterovirus (16 samples) and paramyxovirus (26 samples). a large number of samples contained ... | 1998 | 9850509 |
| intussusception in the small intestine of a farmed ostrich (struthio camelus) chick in botswana. | 1998 | 9881438 | |
| urinary excretion of diethylstilbestrol in the ostrich. | stilboestrol tablets (20 x 1 mg) were given to 4 ostriches. urine was collected over a period of 8 days and stored frozen at-20 degrees c pending analysis. analyses were performed on a gas chromatograph-mass selective detector for the presence of parent compound and/or metabolites. diethylstilbestrol and its metabolite, dienestrol, were detected in urine; dienestrol only for 1 day but diethylstilbestrol for 8 days after administration. residue analysis for the use of diethylstilbestrol as growth ... | 1998 | 9760398 |
| serum biochemical values of farmed ostrich (struthio camelus) in botswana. | reference biochemical values for serum analytes of 126 clinically normal farmed ostriches on one farm in botswana were established. these included sodium, potassium, chloride, total protein, albumin, urea, creatinine, uric acid, cholesterol, total bilirubin, conjugated bilirubin, glucose, triglyceride, calcium, phosphorus, manganese, copper, zinc, alkaline phosphatase, gamma glutamyl transferase and creatinine kinase. the values obtained in this study can be used as reference values. | 1998 | 9809323 |
| coccidia oocysts in the faeces of farmed ostrich (struthio camelus) chicks in botswana. | coccidia oocysts were demonstrated in the faeces of 53 (about 34%) of 156 apparently healthy ostrich chicks. young chicks had the highest proportion of infestation while those more than 9 weeks old had no oocysts at all in their faeces. these coccidia may be considered no pathogenic since the infected chicks grew normally without any evidence of diarrhoea. | 1998 | 10192840 |
| a comparative study between mature ostriches (struthio camelus) and adult cockerels with regard to the true and apparent digestibilities of amino acids. | 1. a study was conducted to compare apparent and true digestibility of amino acids in a high protein experimental diet between young ostriches (7 months of age) and cockerels. 2. a mean value for true digestibility of amino acids (taad) of 0.837 +/- 0.0073 (range 0.780 to 0.862) was derived for ostriches, compared with a mean value of 0.795 +/- 0.0258 (range 0.723 to 0.825) for cockerels. 3. true retention of dietary protein was 0.646 +/- 0.0114 and 0.609 +/- 0.0643 for ostriches and cockerels r ... | 1997 | 9280361 |
| purification and partial characterization of an ostrich alpha 1-antichymotrypsin-like serum inhibitor. | alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, a member of the serpins, is the predominant plasma inhibitor of neutrophil cathepsin g. the aim of this study was to purify ostrich alpha 1-antichymotrypsin and to compare its biochemical properties with those of other species. ostrich alpha 1-antichymotrypsin was purified from serum by ammonium sulphate fractionation, qae-sephadex c-50 and phenyl-toyopearl chromatography. n-terminal sequence, amino acid composition, molecular mass, isoelectric point and reaction with c ... | 1997 | 9363637 |
| comparison of the 16s ribosomal dna sequences from the intracellular agents of proliferative enteritis in a hamster, deer, and ostrich with the sequence of a porcine isolate of lawsonia intracellularis. | proliferative enteritis is an enteric disease that affects a variety of animals. the causative agent in swine has been determined to be an obligate intracellular bacterium, lawsonia intracellularis, related to the sulfate-reducing bacterium desulfovibrio desulfuricans. the intracellular agents found in the lesions of different animal species are antigenically similar. in addition, strains from the pig, ferret, and hamster have been shown to be genetically similar. in this study we performed a pa ... | 1997 | 9226893 |
| diagnosis of proliferative enteritis in frozen and formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues from a hamster, horse, deer and ostrich using a lawsonia intracellularis-specific multiplex pcr assay. | proliferative enteritis (pe) is an enteric disease that has been reported in a variety of animals. it is caused by an obligate intracellular bacterium identified in swine as lawsonia intracellularis. the organism can be detected ante-mortem in swine with pe using molecular diagnostic methods. the disease can be diagnosed post-mortem in all species by gross examination of tissues and special histologic staining procedures. in this study we extracted total dna from frozen or formalin-fixed, paraff ... | 1997 | 9050170 |
| hypophosphataemic rickets and nephrocalcinosis in ostrich chicks brooded and reared on limestone sand. | 1997 | 9178485 | |
| feeding and pecking behaviour in ostrich (struthio camelus) chicks in captivity. | 1. three sets of experiments were performed on two batches of ostrich chicks to investigate the factors affecting the pecking and feeding behaviour of grouped individuals. 2. chicks showed no significant alteration of their feeding behaviour in response to raising pen walls in the rearing facility from 30 to 60 cm. 3. further analysis on a different set of birds revealed consistent short term individual differences in the frequency of feeding and non-feeding pecks. 4. there were significant pen ... | 1997 | 9158888 |
| the mtdna sequence of the ostrich and the divergence between paleognathous and neognathous birds. | the complete mitochondrial dna (mtdna) molecule of the ostrich, struthio camelus, was sequenced. the size of the molecule is 16,591 nucleotides. since the ostrich represents the paleognathous birds, comparison with the mtdna of the neognathous chicken, the only avian species reported so far in databases, made it possible to identify common and, probably, general avian mtdna characteristics. relative to other vertebrates, the avian nadh6 and trna-glu genes are positioned upstream of the control r ... | 1997 | 9214748 |
| a comparative study between mature ostriches (struthio camelus) and adult cockerels with respect to true and apparent metabolisable energy values for maize, barley, oats and triticale. | 1. in three successive trials with cockerels and mature ostrich males the apparent and true metabolisable energy values, corrected for nitrogen retention (amen and tmen) were determined by a balance method for malting barley, oats, triticale and yellow maize. all these ingredients were used as sole dietary components with the exception of triticale for ostriches which was diluted with 440 g/kg lucerne meal. the balance trial lasted for 5 d after an adaption period of 7 d for ostriches, and 3 d a ... | 1997 | 9088620 |
| drug metabolizing enzymes in the ostrich (struthio camelus): comparison with the chicken and the rat. | the activities of selected hepatic and renal drug-metabolizing enzymes of the ostrich, chicken and rats were compared. the concentration of glutathione in the liver and kidneys of the avian species was significantly lower than in the rat. the activity of ostrich hepatic glutathione s-transferase was 2-fold higher than that of the chicken and the rat and the renal glutathione s-transferase of the ostrich was 10 times higher than that of the rat. the activity of ostrich hepatic udp-glucuronyl tran ... | 1997 | 9080672 |
| outbreak of salmonella give in the province of quebec. | salmonellosis due to salmonella give involving cows, a goat, and an ostrich over a 6-month period was investigated. cases were found in 4 different regions. antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, phagetyping, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analyses confirmed that all isolates belonged to the same clone. a common source of infection was suspected. | 1997 | 9426945 |
| detection of antibodies to newcastle disease virus in ostriches (struthio camelus) by an indirect elisa. | a two-graph receiver operating characteristic analysis, performed on the hemagglutination-inhibition (hi) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) test results of a newcastle disease virus (ndv)-positive and ndv-negative control group of ostrich sera, proved that the elisa was superior to the hi in both sensitivity and specificity. comparison of results of the two assays performed on a panel of simulated positive sera ranging from very weak to very strong showed that the elisa was at least ... | 1997 | 9454920 |
| purification and characterization of proteasome from ostrich liver. | the proteasome (ec 3.4.99.46) is a high molecular mass (approximately 700 kda) multisubunit enzyme complex which is the focus of worldwide research in order to identify the structure, mechanism of action and specificity of the complex. the purpose of the present study was to investigate the tryptic, chymotryptic and peptidylglutamyl-peptide hydrolysing (pgph) activities of ostrich liver proteasome. the proteasome was purified from ostrich liver by employing ammonium sulphate fractionation, follo ... | 1997 | 9363639 |
| strains of actinobacillus spp. from diseases of animals and ostriches in zimbabwe. | among the actinobacillus spp. only a. lignieresii represents a homogenous and well studied taxon. however, haemolytic and non-haemolytic strains of a. equuli and a. suis are also isolated from a wide range of diseases in a variety of hosts. these isolates often pose problems in definitive identification. consequently, several studies have been published, emphasizing the need for detailed studies to reclassify various members of this genus and also to assess their disease significance. we isolate ... | 1997 | 9467174 |
| experimental infection of vaccinated slaughter ostriches with virulent newcastle disease virus. | a virulent newcastle disease virus (ndv) isolate from an outbreak in commercial poultry, with virulence indices of mdt = 47-48 h; ivpi = 2,17 and icpi = 1,8; was used to inoculate 10x vaccinated (standard poultry vaccines) as well as 10x unvaccinated slaughter ostriches via intratracheal, ocular and nasal routes, in a controlled environment. all unvaccinated ostriches developed clinical signs (mainly respiratory); two of them died while the other eight recovered. no vaccinated ostriches develope ... | 1997 | 9467177 |
| public health risks of ostrich and crocodile meat. | this paper discusses the infectious agents and chemical substances potentially capable of contaminating the meat of ostriches and crocodiles and which thus pose a danger to human handlers and consumers. for ostrich meat, there is no danger from crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever or spongiform encephalopathy. contamination of ostrich meat with salmonellae, chlamydia, pasteurellae, mycobacteria and erysipelas might be possible, but has never been reported. no parasites are known which could be trans ... | 1997 | 9501374 |
| use of rabbits in ostrich rearing. | 1997 | 9234558 | |
| isolation and identification of adenoviruses from ostriches (struthio camelus). | 1997 | 9141225 | |
| nuclear morphogenesis and the role of the manchette during spermiogenesis in the ostrich (struthio camelus). | nuclear condensation during spermiogenesis in the ostrich follows the basic pattern established in other vertebrates. the fine granular nuclear substance of early spermatids is gradually replaced by numbers of coarse dense granules which appear to arise by aggregation of smaller dispersed elements of the chromatin. the granules increase in size and eventually coalesce to form the compact homogenous mass of chromatin typical of the mature sperm. in ostrich spermatids, however, the aggregation of ... | 1997 | 9183679 |
| acute clostridial hepatitis in an ostrich. | 1997 | 9211246 | |
| prevalent diseases of ostrich chicks farmed in canada. | in canada, ostriches are now slaughtered for their meat and hides. the mortality rate in ostrich farming is highest in chick units. an increased chick survival rate impacts positively on production and profit. this paper will focus on common health disorders that affect chick production costs. these are discussed under the following categories: digestive, orthopedic, respiratory, and integumentary disorders. methods for elimination or reduction of these mortality factors are also discussed. | 1997 | 9220131 |
| monitoring the health and productivity of farmed ostrich flocks. | 1997 | 9293341 | |
| animal health risks associated with ostrich products. | five diseases recorded in ostriches are regarded as posing a potential animal health threat to meat-importing countries. newcastle disease causes an atypically low mortality in ostriches: infected birds display typical nervous symptoms but no pathognomonic lesions which could be detected during post-mortem inspection. the vaccination of feedlot birds and a thorough ante-mortem examination are regarded as necessary precautions to ensure virus carriers are not among those animals destined for slau ... | 1997 | 9329111 |
| comparison of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and haemagglutination inhibition test for the detection of antibodies against newcastle disease virus in ostriches (struthio camelus). | reactivity of ostrich sera to newcastle disease virus (ndv) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and haemagglutination inhibition (hi) test were compared. ten-month old ostriches seronegative by both tests were vaccinated with an oil-based ndv vaccine on days 0 and 11. significant levels of reactive antibodies were first detected on day 11 by elisa (sample/positive ratio > 0.2 in 11/20 birds; 55%) and hi (titre > 1/8 in 10/20 birds; 50%). at the end of the experiment (day 37) all birds h ... | 1997 | 18483912 |
| effects of hemolysis on serum chemistry analytes in ratites. | since hemolysis has been a common problem in submitted ratite serum samples, a study was performed to determine interference by hemolysates. nine chemistry analytes including glucose, total protein, albumin, creatine kinase (ck), gamma-glutamyl transferase (ggt), aspartate aminotransferase (as7), calcium (ca), phosphorus, and uric acid were evaluated on a wet reagent analyzer (ciba corning express 550) and on a dry slide reagent analyzer (vettest 8008). in emus, increasing hemoglobin concentrati ... | 1997 | 12658578 |
| optimisation of calcium-dependent protease and cathepsin d assays in ostrich muscle and the effect of chemical and physical dry-curing parameters. | the best conditions for the assay of cathepsin d and ca(2+)-dependent pro tease (cdp) activity in ostrich muscle was established in order to have a simple, rapid and reliable method for its determination. measurements of a(280nm) of tca-soluble peptides and amino acid digests of casein and haemoglobin were used for measuring proteolytic activity in muscle extracts. the best conditions for the reliable determination of cathepsin d activity were found to be the incubation of an enzyme extract for ... | 1997 | 22062742 |
| the effects of ca ions, egta and storage time on myofibrillar protein degradation, levels of ca(2+)-dependent proteases and cathepsins b, h, l and d of ostrich skeletal muscle. | the effect of ca ions and ethylene glycol-bis(ß-aminoethyl ether)-n,n,n',n'-tetraacetic acid (egta) on myofibrillar protein degradation showed that when ostrich iliotibialis lateralis muscle was incubated with 10 mm egta at 2-4 °c for 24 hr, the activity of extracted cathepsin h was unchanged compared with a buffer-incubated sample. ca(++) had no effect on extracted cathepsin h activity, while that of ca(2+)-dependent protease (cdp) decreased significantly (p < 0.05). ca(2+)-treatment enhanced p ... | 1997 | 22061674 |
| post-mortem ph decline in different ostrich muscles. | post-mortem glycolysis, as described by muscle ph decline, was investigated in several ostrich muscles. while the gastrocnemius pars interna, femorotibialis medius, iliotibialis lateralis and iliofemoralis showed the normal descending ph decline pattern, the ambiens as well as the iliofibularis showed a very rapid ph decline until 2 hr post mortem whereafter ph increased. | 1996 | 22060688 |
| production of salami from ostrich meat with strains of lactobacillus sake, lactobacillus curvatus and micrococcus sp. | the aim of this study was to produce italian-type salami from ostrich meat using different combinations of lactobacillus sake, lactobacillus curvatus and micrococcus sp., and to compare the sensory characteristics of these products to that of salami produced with glucono-delta-lactone (gdl). meat inoculated with starter cultures was fermented for four days (20-22 °c, 97-99% rh) and ripened for a further 11 days (16-18 °c, 40-60% rh). cell counts of lactic acid bacteria and micrococci, and change ... | 1996 | 22060827 |
| differentiation of the acrosomal complex in ostrich (struthio camelus) spermatids. | the acrosomal complex of ostrich sperm consists of a small, cone-shaped acrosome and a slender, cylindrical perforatorium housed within a deep endonuclear canal. the perforatorium is almost exclusively endonuclear in location and is only covered by the acrosome at its point of origin in the apical subacrosomal space. the development of the acrosome is generally similar to that described in other non-passerine birds. small proacrosomal granules (vesicles) emanating from the golgi apparatus coales ... | 1996 | 29852609 |
| tibiofibular junction of the south african ostrich (struthio camelus australis). | the tibiofibular junction of the south african ostrich (struthio camelus australis) consists of the ligg. tibiofibularia caudale, craniale proximale and distale, obliquum, and interosseum. the motion range of the fibula, respective to the tibiotarsus, averaged 35°. this junction is, however, not freely mobile as there is a resting position from which the fibula can be pronated an average of 14° (counterclockwise motion of the right fibula from the proximal view) and supinated an average of 21°. ... | 1996 | 29852602 |
| ostrich (struthio camelus) carboxypeptidase b: purification, kinetic properties and characterization of the pancreatic enzyme. | carboxypeptidase b has been isolated from numerous mammalian and invertebrate species. in contrast, very little is known about carboxypeptidases of avian origin. to provide information for a comparative study, we have undertaken an investigation of the kinetic and physical properties of ostrich carboxypeptidase b. carboxypeptidase b from the pancreas of the ostrich was purified by water extraction of acetone powder and aminobenzylsuccinic acid affinity and hydroxylapatite chromatography. the eff ... | 1996 | 8697097 |
| what is your diagnosis? intussusception in an ostrich. | 1996 | 8707669 | |
| purification and characterization of ostrich pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor. | ostrich pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor was isolated and purified using acid extraction, salt fractionation. sp-sephadex c-50 and qae-sephadex a-25 chromatography and rp-hplc. the amino acid sequence of ostrich psti showed it is a single peptide chain containing 69 amino acid residues with the highest homology between ostrich and chicken psti. the molecular weight, as determined by electronspray mass spectrometry and from amino acid sequence data, is 7650 da. the isoelectric point of ostr ... | 1996 | 8872536 |
| mortality in near-term ostrich embryos during artificial incubation. | 1. the ostrich industry in south africa (and elsewhere) experiences a high rate of embryo mortality during artificial incubation of eggs. most of this mortality takes place in the last l0-l4 d of incubation. 2. we carried out post-mortem examinations on 111 embryos that died within this period to assess the causes of this mortality. 3. malpositioning and severe oedema were the predominant symptoms of dead-in shell embryos with 55% being malpositioned and 41% showing severe oedema. of these, 22 e ... | 1996 | 8833529 |
| ratites (ostrich, emu) as potential heart donors for humans: immunologic considerations. | 1996 | 8623271 | |
| ultrastructural organization of avian stratum corneum lipids as the basis for facultative cutaneous waterproofing. | the ultrastructure of naked neck epidermis from the ostrich (struthio camelus) and ventral apterium from watered, and water-deprived, zebra finches (taeniopygia [poephila] guttata castanotis) is presented. the form and distribution of the fully differentiated products of the lipid-enriched multigranular bodies are compared in biopsies post-fixed with osmium tetroxide or ruthenium tetroxide. the fine structure of ostrich epidermis suggests it is a relatively poor barrier to cutaneous water loss ( ... | 1996 | 8568904 |
| serosurvey for cowdria ruminantium, coxiella burnetii, and spotted fever group rickettsiae in ostriches (struthio camelus) from zimbabwe. | sera from 216 ostriches on nine farms around zimbabwe were examined by indirect fluorescent antibody (ifa) testing for the presence of antibodies reactive with cowdria ruminantium, coxiella burnetii, and rickettsia africae, a spotted fever group rickettsia. although no reactive antibodies could be detected to c. ruminantium or c. burnetii, 51/216 (35%) sera reacted with r. africae. the seroprevalence in ostriches from the south of zimbabwe was significantly higher than in birds from the north (p ... | 1996 | 8790897 |
| development of a method for the identification, using the polymerase chain reaction, of aspergillus fumigatus isolated from ostriches. | to develop a method for identifying dna of aspergillus fumigatus from ostriches, using the polymerase chain reaction (pcr). a fumigatus is the principal causative agent of avian aspergillosis. | 1996 | 8894006 |
| macroscopic blood supply to the hypophysis and hypothalamus of the ostrich (struthio camelus). | the branching pattern of the aa. carotes internae and the macroscopic blood supply to the hypophysis and hypothalamus of the ostrich were studied on ten dissected acrylic vascular-injected heads and ten corrosion preparations of acrylic vascular casts of the head. the a. carotis cerebralis was found to be the only source of blood supply to the hypophysis and hypothalamus. the neurohypophysis was supplied by the caudal hypophyseal and infundibular arteries. the pars distalis was supplied by porta ... | 1996 | 8917862 |
| comparative effects of diverse vertebrate gonadotropins on estradiol-17 beta formation in vitro in an immature rat sertoli cell bioassay. | the biopotencies of pituitary gonadotropins (gths) from various vertebrate classes were examined in an in vitro rat sertoli cell bioassay which was previously established for mammalian follicle-stimulating hormones (fshs). potencies of the gonadotropins were determined by incubation of sertoli cells obtained from 10-day-old rats, with increasing doses of gths, which resulted in dose-related and parallel estradiol-17 beta formation converted from added 19-hydroxy-androstenedione. in general, mamm ... | 1996 | 8930616 |
| isolation of paramyxovirus serotype 7 from ostriches (struthio camelus). | paramyxovirus serotype 7 (pmv-7) was isolated from pooled intestinal contents of two 5-month-old ostriches (struthio camelus). the pathogenicity of the virus was comparable with lentogenic strains of newcastle disease virus (pmv-1) in chicken and chicken embryo pathogenicity tests. the relationship of the virus to the observed pathology of proliferative nonsuppurative enteritis is unknown; the campylobacter jejuni isolated was presumably the primary pathogen. to our knowledge, this is the first ... | 1996 | 8980831 |
| pox in ostrich chicks. | 1996 | 8660190 | |
| causes of losses including a borna disease paralytic syndrome affecting young ostriches of one breeding organization over a five-year period (1989-1993). | necropsy records and causes of mortality of ostriches up to 3 months old over a 5-year period (1989-1993) are presented. the data relate to one ostrich enterprise that comprises 10 breeding flocks, five rearing farms, and one hatchery. causes of mortality are classified into nine major categories. the annual mortality percentages of all hatched ostriches over the 5-year period were 61%, 58%, 30%, 29%, and 16.6%, and the most significant cause of death was a paresis syndrome that accounted for 20 ... | 1996 | 8713043 |
| [the african ostrich--a "useful animal" in germany?]. | farming of the ostrich--a non domesticated species--cannot be done species-conforming; it is even a cruelty to the animals. keeping in captivity leads to a steady rank order stress; the biology of their reproduction is heavily impaired and their typical moving requirements can only be poorly satisfied. the specific habit of food intake cannot be performed accordingly, and the early deprivation, caused by the absence of parents during the weanling period, creates extremely abnormal behaviour. sum ... | 1996 | 8721328 |
| estimation of the weight and body condition of ostriches (struthio camelus) from body measurements. | the body dimensions and weights of over 100 ostriches were analysed to investigate which body measurements provided the best estimators of bodyweight. the data were divided between growing and adult birds (below and above two years old) for regression analyses. the residual standard deviation of weight was 0.117 for growing birds, using tibiotarsal length and abdominal girth as predictors. the analogous figure for adults was 0.078 using back length and abdominal girth. an assessment of body cond ... | 1996 | 8883337 |
| husbandry practices as related to infectious and parasitic diseases of farmed ratites. | over the past decade, there has been a world-wide increase in the number of farm-raised ratites. the focus of ostrich production remains in south africa, but other countries are initiating production of this bird in addition to the emu and rhea. ostriches, emus and rheas are being produced commercially outside their native habitat, resulting in new and unique disease presentations. the authors describe bacterial, viral and parasitic diseases which are emerging in production settings. biosecurity ... | 1996 | 8924717 |
| complete amino acid sequences of follitropin and lutropin in the ostrich, struthio camelus. | we determined the complete amino acid sequences of two pituitary gonadotropins, follitropin and lutropin in the ostrich, thereby providing the first information on the structure of avian follitropin. ostrich follitropin and lutropin both consist of two subunits: a common alpha-subunit and a hormone-specific beta-subunit. the alpha-subunit is composed of 96 amino acid residues and has 70-80% sequence identity with the alpha-subunits of most vertebrates. the ostrich follitropin beta-subunit consis ... | 1996 | 8925835 |
| eggshell conductance and other functional qualities of ostrich eggs. | eggshell conductance was measured and eggshell conductance constants were calculated for eggs from ostriches. in addition, egg water, yolk, albumen, shell, and total solids were measured in an effort to determine the maternal investment of ostrich eggs. the results of the study suggest that the optimal incubator humidity for ostrich eggs is less than 25% to allow a 15% loss of initial egg mass during the 45-d incubation period. this low humidity does not preclude increasing humidity during the a ... | 1996 | 8933594 |
| [ostrich farming from the perspective of veterinarians]. | the present paper is an attempt to relate the etiology of 54 cases with diseased/deceased ostriches to criterions of keeping, feeding, climate and infectious diseases. despite the fact that some of the damages diagnosed seem to be avoidable the criterions of the law for the prevention of cruelty to animals are not to be fulfilled since the adverse climatic circumstances in germany. | 1996 | 8721329 |
| repeatability and phenotypic correlations for body weight and reproduction in commercial ostrich breeding pairs. | 1. reproduction is an important aspect of ostrich farming, where income is mainly derived from hides and meat. no estimates of repeatability or phenotypic correlations for reproduction and body weight are currently available for commercial ostriches. 2. means, standard deviations, repeatability coefficients and phenotypic correlations for and among reproductive traits and body weight were computed for the average yearly production of 42 to 67 mixed age ostrich breeding pairs maintained on the kl ... | 1996 | 9034585 |
| high mortality in ostrich eggs and hatchlings due to egg-washing. | 1996 | 8786614 | |
| some blood chemical, electrolyte and mineral values from young ostriches. | haematocrit, plasma osmolality and plasma calcium, inorganic phosphorus and magnesium concentrations were measured in 10 healthy ostrich chicks at 2-weekly intervals between 8 and 26 weeks of age. plasma sodium, potassium and zinc concentrations were measured in an additional 50 chicks between 2 and 6 months of age. with the exception of calcium, blood constituents did not change significantly with age. overall, haematocrit was lower and phosphorus and magnesium were slightly higher than previou ... | 1996 | 9120851 |
| plasma thyroxine concentrations in farmed ostriches in relation to age, body weight, and growth hormone. | thyroid hormones are of interest in ostriches because, in common with other ratites, ostriches are believed to have evolved through neoteny, a process which, in amphibia, is related to thyroid function. farmed ostriches show marked differences in growth rates, a problem which also could be related to abnormal thyroid function. in adult farmed ostriches (more than 3 years old), mean plasma thyroxine concentration was 1.8 nmol middle dot liter-1 (range 0.2 to 6.5 nmol middle dot liter-1). this is ... | 1996 | 8812401 |
| time budget and colour preferences (with specific reference to feeding) of ostrich (struthio camelus) chicks in captivity. | 1. time budget analysis of the typical behaviours of young ostrich chicks showed that chicks spent over 50% of their time foraging and walking. 2. food presented in bowls was largely ignored whereas food scattered on the floor was readily taken. 3. a colour preference test showed that green was the preferred colour. | 1996 | 8842461 |
| microbial spoilage of ostrich (struthio camelus) eggs. | 1. the incidence of microbial spoilage was investigated in three batches of ostrich eggs, one from africa and two from europe. 2. 18% to 21% of eggs in each batch were contaminated with bacteria and fungi, with the latter being found more often in eggs which contained more advanced embryos. 3. although infertility and prolonged storage reduced hatchability, the high incidence of microbial contamination in ostrich eggs is deemed to be a significant problem. 4. improving nest hygiene is considered ... | 1996 | 8842475 |
| [alcohol measurement in traffic accidents: how long will the ostrich strategy last?]. | 1996 | 8755155 | |
| chemical immobilisation of red-necked ostriches (struthio camelus) under field conditions. | sixteen red-necked ostriches (struthio camelus camelus) were darted under field conditions to immobilise them. combinations of etorphine hydrochloride with either medetomidine or ketamine were used on 13 birds; xylazine hydrochloride and metomidate alone were used, respectively, on one and two birds. the times to recumbency and recovery were recorded and compared. the principal complications encountered during the anaesthetic procedure were myopathy due to over exertion and respiratory collapse. ... | 1995 | 7747388 |
| ostrich slaughter and fabrication: 1. slaughter yields of carcasses and effects of electrical stimulation on post-mortem ph. | a commercial ostrich slaughter protocol was developed. ostriches (n = 7 males and n = 7 females) averaged 95.54 kg live weight and yielded 55.91-kg carcasses. by-product yields were measured. the most significant by-products by weight were full viscera (8.29 kg), hide (6.71 kg), full gizzard and crop (5.80 kg), and abdominal fat (4.11 kg). sex had no effect on slaughter yields. post-mortem temperature declines were measured on five separate muscles and showed that chilling for 24 h was sufficien ... | 1995 | 8559734 |
| surgical repair of traumatically induced collapsing trachea in an ostrich. | a region of tracheal collapse was identified by endoscopy after surgical repair of a traumatic injury to the neck in an ostrich. during periods of excitation, the ostrich would become dyspneic and collapse. a tracheal split-ring prosthesis was placed surgically to support the collapsing trachea. this technique, which is frequently used in dogs, is applicable for use in birds with collapsing trachea. | 1995 | 7591952 |
| [behavior disorders in relation to food intake in african ostriches]. | the behaviour of ostriches (struthio camelus) was observed. the most striking behaviour disorders was feather pecking. however, the animals showed four other behaviour patterns, which also must be qualified as behaviour disorders: pecking sand, pecking wire, pecking their own feathers and pecking into air, occurred in a random succession. this is a result of the nutrition, which differs from the natural feeding situation, as the animals are fed exclusively on pellets so that the food consumption ... | 1995 | 7495416 |
| granulomatous lesions caused by pseudomonas aeruginosa in the ostrich (struthio camelus). | granulomatous lesions were observed in imported ostriches aged 3 months. clinically, the birds showed lassitude, incoordination, and inappetence. at necropsy, yellowish white nodules often accompanied by a pseudodiphtheritic membrane were found in the oral, pharyngeal, tracheal and air sac mucosae, the lungs, oesophageal serosa, and abdominal peritoneum. histopathological examination revealed purulent granulomatous lesions containing central bacterial colonies with an outer shell and club format ... | 1995 | 7560302 |
| the false-positive polymerase chain reaction and the ostrich. | 1995 | 7594694 | |
| tourniquet-induced hypertension in an ostrich. | surgery was performed on a 3-year-old 110-kg male ostrich (struthio camelus) to remove a sequestrum from the dorsal aspect of the left tarsometatarsal bone. a pneumatic tourniquet was positioned proximal to the surgical site and inflated to 600 mm of hg. systolic blood pressure increased 35% over 105 minutes while the tourniquet was inflated. systolic blood pressure decreased 31.5% within 30 seconds after removal of the tourniquet pressure. recovery from anesthesia and surgery was routine. the t ... | 1995 | 7628940 |
| ostrich pepsinogens i and ii: purification, activation and chemical and immunochemical characterization of the enzymes from the proventriculus. | pepsins are a series of gastric proteases secreted as inactive precursors (pepsinogens) which are active at acidic ph. the aim of this study was to purify ostrich pepsin(ogen)s and to compare their biochemical and immunological characteristics with those of pepsin(ogen)s of mammalian and avian origin. ostrich pepsinogens were purified by ammonium sulphate fractionation, toyopearl super q-650s chromatography and rechromatography, and hydroxylapatite chromatography of a ph 8.0 mucosal extract. pep ... | 1995 | 7671140 |
| stepfamilies. an "ostrich" concept in nursing education. | little attention has been given to the concept of stepfamilies in nursing literature. however, nurse educators can help their students to assist natural parents and stepparents create a more supportive and loving environment for themselves and their biological children and their stepchildren. the author identifies key issues that nurse educators need to teach student nurses related to stepfamilies based on research and a review of the literature, offering interventions that include material reso ... | 1995 | 8700393 |
| [a myologic dissection of the leg and foot of the ostrich (struthio camelus)]. | a 7-month-old female ostrich (struthio camelus) was studied. on the left leg, muscles of the shank and foot were dissected and the right leg was frozen and cut into slices for topographical examination. some muscles and skeleton measurements were also noted. no trace was found of the following muscles: m. plantaris, m. extensor hallucis longus, m. extensor hallucis brevis, m. flexor hallucis brevis, m. adductor d. ii, m. abductor d. ii, m. flexor phalangis secundi d. iii and m. adductor d. iv. s ... | 1995 | 8588704 |
| ostrich pepsins i and ii: a kinetic and thermodynamic investigation. | 1995 | 8581825 | |
| ingestion of metal objects by ostriches (struthio camelus). | 1995 | 8533252 | |
| sperm-storage tubules in the vagina of the ostrich (struthio camelus). | sperm-storage tubules have been described in a number of species of birds. the presence of these tubules in the rhea has been mentioned, but no description of these structures in ratites is available. the purpose of this study was to determine the presence and morphology of sperm-storage tubules in the vagina of the ostrich. the study was performed with the use of conventional light- and electron-microscopic techniques. sperm-storage tubules were located in a 200-mm-wide band of the vagina adjac ... | 1995 | 8628573 |
| [the oxygen consumption of ostrich embryos during incubation]. | this work deals with the oxygen consumption of ostrich chicks during incubation. brood eggs were incubated in a hermetic isolated acrylic-glass cylinder. reduction of oxygen content in the air surrounding the egg was measured using an oxygen-sensitive electrode. a sigmoid curve could be drawn during incubation, with the steepest phase being around day 26. maximum oxygen consumption was reached on day 36. it was slightly decreased until day 39, when the embryo switches to lung circulation, follow ... | 1995 | 7600947 |
| the hatching sequence of ostrich (struthio camelus) embryos with notes on development as observed by candling. | 1. the hatching sequence of the ostrich (struthio camelus) was determined by observing embryos during candling, those in the process of hatching and in dead-in-shell eggs. 2. candling showed that there was a progressive increase in dark shadowing within the egg but fine details were not easily seen. nevertheless candling is considered to be an important method of assessing development of ostrich eggs during incubation. 3. the ostrich embryo adopts a hatching position and follows a hatching seque ... | 1995 | 7614027 |
| blood meal sources of glossina pallidipes and g. longipennis (diptera: glossinidae) in nguruman, southwest kenya. | in total, 1,952 glossina pallidipes austen and 1,098 g. longipennis corti adults were collected in forest and savanna habitat in nguruman, southwestern kenya, by ng2g traps during the dry season of 1992. of these, 339 individuals (11.1%) had blood meals, of which 155 (45.7%) were identified by direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. the most frequent blood meal source was bushbuck, followed by ostrich, elephant, buffalo, and warthog. few meals were taken from cattle. the findings of frequent b ... | 1995 | 7616534 |
| ostrich anaesthesia: xylazine premedication followed by alphaxalone/alphadolone and isoflurane. | 1995 | 7646383 | |
| proventricular-ventricular impaction in an ostrich chick. | 1995 | 7728726 | |
| possible effect of microbial infection on yolk utilisation in ostrich chicks. | 1995 | 7793024 | |
| spontaneous cataract resorption in an ostrich. | 1995 | 7793032 | |
| incidence of campylobacters in the intestine of avian species in alabama. | avian species necropsied at the c. s. roberts veterinary diagnostic laboratory, auburn, alabama, from december 1993 until may 1994 were examined for the incidence of intestinal campylobacters. ninety-one intestinal swabs, representing 66 separate cases and 17 different avian species, were collected and placed into cary-blair transport medium. selective enrichment and culture media were used for initial isolation of campylobacter spp. presumptive colonies were identified as campylobacter spp. by ... | 1995 | 7794175 |
| mycotic rhinitis in an ostrich. | a 2-year-old female ostrich had become gradually emaciated over a 4-month period and subsequently died. gross necropsy revealed a granulomatous mass filling the right nasal passageways. microscopically, the mass contained numerous thin, regular-diameter, septate, branching fungal hyphae consistent with aspergillus sp. and foreign plant material. this appears to be the first report of a mycotic granuloma limited to the nasal cavities of an ostrich or any other ratite species. | 1995 | 7794183 |
| factors affecting hatchability during commercial incubation of ostrich (struthio camelus) eggs. | 1. a batch of 320 ostrich eggs from 9 different farms in zimbabwe were incubated in a single stage operation and the fate of each was recorded. 2. hatchability was only 37.2% and the result of high rates of infertility and contamination (22.2% and 22.8% respectively); it varied between eggs from different farms. 3. embryonic mortality was high at the start and end of incubation, a pattern similar to that of other domestic birds. 4. mortality of late stage embryos was related to percentage water ... | 1995 | 7614026 |
| ostrich trypsinogen: purification, kinetic properties and characterization of the pancreatic enzyme. | trypsinogen is a serine protease zymogen (ec.3.4.21.4) which has proved to be of key significance in a family of about 20 structurally and functionally related pancreatic digestive enzymes. this study was an endeavour to isolate, purify and characterize a stable form of ostrich trypsinogen, which has thus far not yet been accomplished. trypsinogen (anionic) was isolated and purified by alkaline extraction of pancreatic acetone powder, followed by toyopearl deae 650m, hydroxylapatite and lbti-sep ... | 1995 | 7648428 |