Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| physical and chemical quality of ostrich eggs during the laying season. | 1. fifteen ostrich females were monitored for a full breeding season. at 30, 70, 110, 150 and 210 d from the beginning of laying, one egg per female was taken to the laboratory to assess its physical and nutritive characteristics. 2. the average length was 15.4 cm, while the width was 12.9 cm. average shell thickness ranged from 2.20 mm at the equator to 2.24 mm at the small pole. the three principal components of the egg (albumen, yolk and shell) amounted to 57.1, 23.3 and 19.6%, respectively. ... | 2003 | 12964622 |
| on the sensitive innervation of the ostrich's foot pads. | the sensitive and autonomic innervation of foot pads in the ostrich was studied employing an usual histological technique as hematoxylin-eosin or different gold chloride impregnations. the autonomic innervation is represented by isolated or grouped ganglion cells located along the course of nerve bundles. the sensitive somatic innervation is composed by free and capsulated nerve endings usually distributed in the thickness of the connective arrangement of the foot pads, in the most superficial p ... | 2003 | 12737513 |
| the morphological features of the rete testis of the ostrich (struthio camelus). | the epithelium of the rete testis of the ostrich is simple cuboidal to columnar in nature, unlike the more flattened epithelium encountered in other non-passerine birds. a solitary cilium projects into the ductal lumen. a unique lateral cell membrane modification, similar, in some respects, to a hemi-desmosome, occurs frequently along the length of this membrane. the lateral cell membrane is complexly folded, and the cell contains an abundance of intermediate filaments, particularly in the vicin ... | 2003 | 14530972 |
| development of the digestive tract in the ostrich (struthio camelus). | a study was conducted to investigate changes in the development of the gastrointestinal tract (git) in relation to body growth of growing ostriches. there was an 11-fold increase (p < 0.001) in body weight between 3 and 72 days of age. the relative (to body weight) weight of the proventriculus/gizzard, caeca and colon also increased (p < 0.001) with age. the relative weight of the small intestine peaked at 41 days of age and then tended to decline (p < 0.05) subsequently. the relative weight of ... | 2003 | 12903866 |
| characterization of serum 'glycosaminoglycan (gag) chains' and 'native proteoglycan' fractions in the ostrich. | 2003 | 14535476 | |
| clinical, gross, and microscopic findings in different avian species naturally infected during the h7n1 low- and high-pathogenicity avian influenza epidemics in italy during 1999 and 2000. | from the end of march to the beginning of december 1999, an epidemic of low-pathogenicity avian influenza (lpai), caused by a h7n1 type a influenza virus, affected the intensively reared poultry population of northeastern italy. a total of 199 flocks were diagnosed with influenza infection. the highest number affected flocks were in meat turkeys (164), with only a limited number of turkey breeder, chicken (breeders, broilers, and table egg layers), and guinea fowl flocks infected. following the ... | 2003 | 14575075 |
| cloacal prolapse in ostrich chicks with histomoniosis. | 2003 | 14582734 | |
| radiographic gastrointestinal contrast study in the ostrich (struthio camelus). | ten gastrointestinal contrast studies were performed with barium on seven clinically healthy ostriches. concentrations of 25-100% w/vol liquid barium sulfate at 7 and 10 ml/kg were administered by stomach tube after withholding food for 16 h. a 6-frame technique for left-to-right lateral views in standing and a 3-frame technique for the dorsoventral views in sternally recumbent adult ostriches were used for survey and contrast radiographs. objectives were to describe the appearance of the normal ... | 2003 | 14599167 |
| isolation and characterization of 70 novel microsatellite markers from ostrich (struthio camelus) genome. | microsatellite markers are widely used in linkage mapping, parentage testing, population genetic studies, and molecular evolution studies in many agricultural species, while only a limited number of ostrich (struthio camelus) microsatellites have been isolated. thus, we constructed a random small-insert genomic library and a microsatellite-enriched library containing ca repeats. fourteen clones containing ca repeats were isolated from 3462 clones in the non-enriched library by radioactive screen ... | 2003 | 14608400 |
| [a case of trichinellosis with spontaneous remission]. | we experienced a case of trichinellosis that had traveled in kenya. the initial symptoms of the patient were myalgia and fever which started 2 weeks after she came back from kenya, and blood examination showed marked eosinophilia (14,300/mm3) and elevated creatinine kinase (826iu/l). when we made serological diagnosis of trichinellosis 3 weeks after onset, symptoms started to resolve spontaneously and we observed the patient without any medication. as of 2 months after onset, symptoms and abnorm ... | 2003 | 14608917 |
| effects of moisture content and drying temperature on the physicochemical properties of ostrich jerky. | the objective of this study was to investigate the influence of temperature (50, 60, and 70 degrees c) and moisture content (18, 21, and 24%) on the quality ofjerky products from ostrich meat. the jerky products were evaluated by physicochemical and sensory methods. the tensile strength of the samples prepared to 24% w.b. moisture content at 50 degrees c was lowest (p < 0.05; 124 n) while those prepared under other conditions were in the range of 208-268 n (p > 0.05). the water activity of the j ... | 2003 | 14609089 |
| granulomatous conjunctivitis in an ostrich. | ostriches lack meibom glands, but have small lacrimal glands ventral to the lateral canthus, with ductules that open into the inside of the lower eyelid. chalazion is a chronic granulomatous inflammation of the meibom glands that may develop from blockage of the ductules into the conjunctiva. a 2-year-old female ostrich presented with chronic granulomatous conjunctivitis, with clinical and histopathologic findings similar to chalazion of other species. the granulomatous dacryoadenitic mass was e ... | 2003 | 14641833 |
| method for collecting semen from the ostrich (struthio camelus) and some of its quantitative and qualitative characteristics. | 1. four methods of semen collecting that involved interruption of mating in two breeding ostrich pairs were tested: an artificial vagina was tested without promising results; the funnel method, in which a funnel was placed under the phallus of the tested male immediately after mating allowing semen drips to be collected; the vacuum method, using a turkey semen collector, inserted into the seminal canal; and the tube method, conducted by placing a test tube inside the seminal canal, allowing seme ... | 2003 | 14584851 |
| sperm supply and egg fertilization in the ostrich (struthio camelus). | we used egg break-out and spermatozoa trapped in the perivitelline layer of eggs to test the hypothesis that sperm supply and egg fertilization rate are high in the ostrich. egg fertilization status was determined at break-out by the appearance of the germinal disc (gd) and then the perivitelline layer overlying the gd region was collected to count sperm (spermopvl) under fluorescence following staining with 4',6'-diamidino-2-phenyindole (dapi). the study was carried out on commercial ostrich fa ... | 2003 | 14629663 |
| pathogenesis of h7 influenza a viruses isolated from ostriches in the homologous host infected experimentally. | infections of ostriches with avian influenza a viruses are generally associated with clinical disease, but the occasional high mortality in young birds does not appear to be related directly to virus pathotype. in this study we investigated the pathogenesis of two h7 viruses for 11-wk-old ostriches inoculated intranasally, and clinical symptoms, virus excretion, and immune response were studied. one of the viruses (a/ostrich/italy/1038/00) was highly pathogenic for chickens, whereas the other (a ... | 2003 | 14575132 |
| pathogenicity of a ratite-origin influenza a h5 virus in ostriches (struthio camelus). | ostriches were inoculated with a highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) virus of ratite origin, a/emu/texas/39924/93 (h5n2) done clb. the aim of this study was to evaluate the pathogenicity of this isolate for ostriches and to assess the ability of routine virologic and serologic tests to detect infection. avian influenza virus (aiv) was isolated from tracheal swabs from 2 to 12 days postinfection and from cloacal swabs from 3 to 10 days postinfection. aiv was also isolated from a wide range o ... | 2003 | 14575143 |
| distribution of spermatozoa in the outer perivitelline layer from above the germinal disc of emu and ostrich eggs. | in the present study, we determined the distribution of spermatozoa in the perivitelline layer above the germinal disc (gd) of emu and ostrich eggs that had been laid at random intervals after mating. eggs were opened, the perivitelline layer overlying the gd region was collected and sperm were visualized with 4',6'-diamidino-2-phenylindole under a fluorescence microscope. to map the distribution of sperm, the gd was divided into six areas (a-f), with a being the centre of the gd and f the area ... | 2003 | 14588183 |
| the primary structure of a novel goose-type lysozyme from rhea egg white. | g-type lysozyme is a hydrolytic enzyme sharing a similar tertiary structure with plant chitinase. to discover the relation of function and structure, we analyzed the primary structure of new g-type lysozyme. the complete 185 amino acid residues of lysozyme from rhea egg white were sequenced using the peptides hydrolyzed by trypsin, v8 protease, and cyanogen bromide. rhea lysozyme had sequence similarity to ostrich, cassowary, goose, and black swan, with 93%, 90%, 83%, and 82%, respectively. the ... | 2004 | 14745179 |
| pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin after single intravenous and intramuscular administration in young domestic ostrich (struthio camelus). | 2004 | 15096111 | |
| four-legged ostrich (struthio camelus) chick. | 2004 | 15214526 | |
| anatomical description of the muscles of the pelvic limb in the ostrich (struthio camelus). | dissections of 12 formalin-fixed ostriches were performed to give anatomical descriptions of the muscles and tendons of the pelvic, femoral, tibiotarsal, tarsometatarsal and digital regions. in the pelvic limb of the ostrich, 36 muscles can be determined. the ostrich lacks those muscles to the first and second toes (with exception of the m. flexor hallucis longus), which can be found in birds with four toes. the mm. iliotrochantericus medius, plantaris, extensor proprius digiti iv and adductor d ... | 2004 | 15027951 |
| aspergillus fumigatus infection in an ostrich (struthio camelus). | an 11-month-old female ostrich (struthio camelus) had become gradually emaciated over a 2-week period and subsequently died. necropsy revealed white to green mold growth on the walls of caseous thickened air sac membranes and multiple white necrotic foci in the lungs and liver. histologically, the multiple exudative, necrotic and granulomatous lesions were compatible with mycotic infection in the air sacs and lungs, and hyphae positively reacted with a monoclonal antibody (mab-wf-af-1) to asperg ... | 2004 | 15031551 |
| the use of comet assay to assess dna integrity of boar spermatozoa following liquid preservation at 5 degrees c and 16 degrees c. | the comet assay, under neutral conditions, allows the assessment of dna integrity influenced by sperm ageing, which is manifested in dna double-strand breaks. here, we attempted to use a modified neutral comet assay test (single-cell gel electrophoresis), to our knowledge for the first time, to assess dna integrity of boar spermatozoa during liquid storage for 96 h at 5 degrees c and 16 degrees c. in this comet assay protocol we used 2% beta-mercaptoethanol prior to the lysis procedure, to aid i ... | 2004 | 15046401 |
| incubation temperature for ostrich (struthio camelus) eggs. | the impact of incubation temperature on egg weight loss, embryonic mortality, incubation period, hatchability, and chick weight in 394 ostrich (struthio camelus) eggs was studied. eggs were obtained from 3 farms in texas. three incubation temperatures (36.5, 37.0, or 37.5 degrees c) with relative humidity ranging from 20 to 30% were used. results showed that incubation of fertile eggs at 36.5 degrees c increased hatchability and incubation period in comparison with other treatments. the incidenc ... | 2004 | 15049504 |
| type 2 heat-labile enterotoxin (lt-ii)-producing escherichia coli isolated from ostriches with diarrhea. | the culture supernatant of escherichia coli, isolated from ostriches with diarrhea in brazil, caused elongation in vero cell, rounding in chinese hamster ovary (cho) cells and a cytoplasmic vacuolation in ostrich embryo fibroblasts (oef), but it was not cytotoxic for chicken embryo fibroblasts (cef). these effects were not neutralized by antiserum to cholera toxin. polymerase chain reaction assays showed that the ostrich e. coli contained the gene encoding (eltii-a), but not those for type 1 hea ... | 2004 | 15708822 |
| resistance to tearing of calf and ostrich pericardium: influence of the type of suture material and the direction of the suture line. | the tearing of the valve leaflet of a cardiac bioprosthesis can cause early failure of this device, which is employed to replace a diseased native valve. this report involves the study of the behavior of 312 tissue samples (152 of calf pericardium and 160 of ostrich pericardium) treated with glutaraldehyde and subsequently subjected to tear testing. the samples were cut in the two principal directions: longitudinally, or root to apex, and transversely. they included a series of control samples t ... | 2004 | 15116401 |
| the fine structure of the harderian gland in the ostrich (struthio camelus). | the harderian gland of the ostrich (struthio camelus) is a tubuloalveolar gland containing holocrine secreting epithelial cells. the gland epithelium is composed of two different cell types, which can be classified as type i and type ii. these cells contain dense secretory vesicles in their cytoplasm and they are connected laterally with desmosomes. at the basal site of these cells, myoepithelial cells are present. plasma cells are observed in the subepithelial region of the gland. in the interl ... | 2004 | 15144280 |
| paraoxonase-1 inhibits oxidised ldl-induced mcp-1 production by endothelial cells. | the upregulation of endothelial cell mcp-1 production by ox-ldl is a major initiating event in atherogenesis. hdl and pon1 retard the oxidation of ldl and therefore may retard endothelial cell mcp-1 production. the endothelial cell line eahy926 was incubated with ox-ldl in the presence and absence of hdl and pon1 and the production of mcp-1 was measured by elisa. human hdl and pon1 significantly inhibited the in vitro oxidation of ldl and completely prevented the ox-ldl induced increase in mcp-1 ... | 2004 | 15144891 |
| immunohistochemical localization of the progesterone and oestrogen receptors in the shell gland of sexually immature ostriches (struthio camelus) with active or inactive ovaries. | the immunohistochemical localization of progesterone and oestrogen receptors was studied in the shell gland of the immature ostrich (struthio camelus) during periods of ovarian activity and inactivity. in birds with active ovaries moderate to strong immunostaining for the progesterone receptor was observed in the surface epithelium and tubular glands. in contrast faint progesterone receptor immunostaining was observed in the surface epithelium of the shell gland in ostriches with inactive ovarie ... | 2004 | 14659731 |
| ostrich (struthio camelus) eggshell matrix contains two different c-type lectin-like proteins. isolation, amino acid sequence, and posttranslational modifications. | in contrast to chicken and goose, the ostrich calcified eggshell layer matrix contained two different c-type lectin-like proteins as major components. these proteins, named struthiocalcin-1 (sca-1) and struthiocalcin-2 (sca-2), were isolated and their amino acid sequence was determined. sca-1 clearly was the ortholog of goose eggshell ansocalcin. its amino acid sequence had the same length as that of ansocalcin (132 aa) and showed 65% sequence identity with the goose eggshell protein compared to ... | 2004 | 14726203 |
| l-o-caffeoylhomoserine from matteuccia struthiopteris. | a caffeic acid derivative was isolated from matteuccia struthiopteris (ostrich fern) as a major radical scavenger. the compound consisted of caffeic acid and l-homoserine. nmr and ms analysis revealed the structure as l-o-caffeoylhomoserine. | 2004 | 14759535 |
| effects of periodate and chondroitin 4-sulfate on proteoglycan stabilization of ostrich pericardium. inhibition of calcification in subcutaneous implants in rats. | chemical modification of biological materials used in the manufacture of cardiac valves tends to reduce the relatively high degree of biodegradation and calcification of the implanted bioprostheses. the most widely used treatment to reduce biodegradability of the valves is glutaraldehyde fixation. however, this treatment is potentially toxic and induces tissue calcification. in order to minimize these undesirable effects, we have analyzed the effect of a pre-fixation of endogenous proteoglycans ... | 2004 | 15020108 |
| fine structure of the retinal pigment epithelium, bruch's membrane and choriocapillaris in the ostrich (struthio camelus). | the fine structure of the retinal pigment epithelium (rpe), bruch's membrane and choriocapillaris in the ostrich (struthio camelus) was investigated by using light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. in this species, the rpe consisted of a single layer of low columnar cells. the epithelial cells were joined laterally by two type junctions, zonulae occludentes and zonulae adherentes located in the midregion of the cells. these cells displayed numerous deep basal infoldings and thick ... | 2004 | 15027961 |
| severe ocular trauma caused by an ostrich. | 2004 | 15031193 | |
| an outbreak of necrotic enteritis in the ostrich farm in korea. | an acute disease with high mortality occurred in the ostrich farm and characterized by depression, severe diarrhea and sternal recumbency. four dead ostriches of the farm were submitted to the national veterinary research & quarantine service, and diagnosed as necrotic enteritis. in the gross and histopathological examination, extensive diffuse fibrinonecrotic enteritis was found in the small intestine, especially jejunum. clostridium perfringens was isolated from a pure culture from the duodenu ... | 2004 | 15644620 |
| bacteriologic findings in ostrich (struthio camelus) eggs from farms with reproductive failures. | from january 2001 to december 2002, 543 ostrich eggs were submitted for bacteriologic investigation. the eggs were laid by 387 domesticated ostriches that suffered fertility disorders and that came from 44 farms located in different areas of northern and central italy. microbiologic investigations showed bacterial isolation in 105 (19.3%) of 543 eggs examined, with a high prevalence of enterobacteria from albumen and yolk. in only a few cases did bacterial isolation result from yolk or albumen a ... | 2004 | 15530000 |
| 2004 presidential address: the sheep, the ostrich, the ant, diabetes, and the tragedy of the common. | 2004 | 15562228 | |
| prevalence of libyostrongylus douglassii in commercially reared ostriches in the highveld region of zimbabwe. | a total of 435 freshly dropped faecal samples were collected from 11 randomly selected ostrich farms during september and november 2002 to determine the prevalence of libyostrongylus douglassii (ostrich wireworm) in the highveld region of zimbabwe. samples, which consisted of 339 samples from breeder birds and 96 samples from pre-slaughter grower birds were screened for nematode eggs using the modified mcmaster technique before being individually cultured in an incubator at 28 degrees c. culture ... | 2004 | 15575991 |
| effects of dietary supplementation with polyunsaturated fatty acids and antioxidants on biochemical characteristics of boar semen. | the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of providing a supplement containing polyunsaturated fatty acids and antioxidants (prosperm) on the biochemical characteristics of boar semen. two sexually mature boars were fed a standard diet with prosperm (250 g daily) for a 24-week period. ejaculates collected prior to supplementation were used as the control. semen quality and biochemical parameters were analyzed. the dietary supplementation enhanced sperm characteristics, including the pe ... | 2004 | 15592586 |
| traumatic oesophageal perforation in a male ostrich (struthio camelus australis). | 2004 | 15198319 | |
| extinct ostrich eggshell (aves: struthionidae) from the pliocene chiwondo beds, malawi: implications for the potential biostratigraphic correlation of african neogene deposits. | 2004 | 15066381 | |
| a granulomatous conjunctivitis associated with morexella phenylpyruvica in an ostrich (struthio camelus). | the aim of study was to evaluate a case of granulomatous conjunctivitis, clinically and pathologically, in the right eye of a 2-year-old, female ostrich. a mass measuring 5 cm x 3 cm x 4 cm was removed surgically from the eye of the ostrich. morexella phenylpyruvica was recovered from the mass. on histopathological examination, hyperplasia or squamous metaplasia in some area of conjunctival palpebra, and a granulomatous inflammation in the submucosa were observed. the lesion was described as a g ... | 2004 | 15276987 |
| gait selection in the ostrich: mechanical and metabolic characteristics of walking and running with and without an aerial phase. | it has been argued that minimization of metabolic-energy costs is a primary determinant of gait selection in terrestrial animals. this view is based predominantly on data from humans and horses, which have been shown to choose the most economical gait (walking, running, galloping) for any given speed. it is not certain whether a minimization of metabolic costs is associated with the selection of other prevalent forms of terrestrial gaits, such as grounded running (a widespread gait in birds). us ... | 2004 | 15293864 |
| histochemical and morphometrical characterization and distribution of fibre types in four muscles of ostrich (struthio camelus). | a staining procedure used for simultaneously determining three different fibre types in single sections bovine, porcine or ovine skeletal muscle was modified for use with ostrich skeletal muscle. the muscle fibres of gastrocnemius pars externa, tibialis cranialis caput tibiale, tibialis cranialis caput femorale and fibularis longus tendo caudalis were studied. the histochemical results revealed the presence of three types of fibre only in the gastrocnemius pars externa muscle: fast-twitch glycol ... | 2004 | 15352876 |
| entamoeba struthionis n.sp. (sarcomastigophora: endamoebidae) from ostriches (struthio camelus). | in the present work we identify the species of entamoeba from ostriches (struthio camelus). the complete sequence of the small subunit ribosomal rna gene from this organism has been compared with those published for other species of the genus and clear differences have been found. these results confirm previous data which showed differences on parasite morphology and class of host with the other entamoeba species. taking all these data together, it can be concluded that the organism from ostrich ... | 2004 | 15154597 |
| avian antimicrobial peptides: the defense role of beta-defensins. | avian antimicrobial peptides, classified as beta-defensins, have been identified from bloods of chicken, turkey, and ostrich; epithelial cells of chicken and turkey; and king penguin stomach contents. beta-defensins are a family of antimicrobial peptides characterized by six cysteine residues forming beta-defensin motifs that are also found in bovine, ovine, pig, and human. these peptides are active against a wide range of microorganisms including gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, fungi, ... | 2004 | 15381059 |
| identification of the major proteins of the organic matrix of emu (dromaius novaehollandiae) and rhea (rhea americana) eggshell calcified layer. | 1. the eggshell is a composite consisting of 95% calcite and an organic matrix. 2. while many proteins of the chicken eggshell matrix have already been identified, little is known about the matrix of other birds. 3. isolation of the emu and rhea eggshell matrix and analysis of its major constituents showed that the predominant components were c-type lectin-like proteins related to those of ostrich, chicken and goose. 4. serum albumin, vitelline membrane outer layer protein i (vmo-i) and the turp ... | 2004 | 15484722 |
| yolk sac utilization in ostrich (struthio camelus) chicks. | the mass of residual yolk sac expressed as a percentage of initial mass of the egg from which the chick hatched decreased sharply in the first 2 days post-hatching. a gradual reduction occurred between 3 and 10 days after which a sharp decline was noted between 11 and 13 days post-hatching. the highest number of chicks with unabsorbed yolk sac was noted on day 5 post-hatching followed by days 6 and 7. chick mortality followed the same pattern. the dynamics, causes and clinical consequences of yo ... | 2004 | 15580775 |
| effect of breeder age and breeding season on egg production and incubation in farmed ostriches. | (1) this research was carried out to investigate changes in egg production and hatchability as influenced by age and breeding season of 10 trios (two females, one male) of ostrich (struthio camellus) during 1998 to 2002. (2) breeding season affected number of eggs laid per female per season, average egg weight, length of laying period and clutch sequence. (3) the number of eggs laid per female per season was 25 in the first breeding season and 57 by the fifth breeding season. the laying period l ... | 2004 | 15623218 |
| reference serum protein and lipoprotein fractions of ostriches (struthio camelus) in turkey. | the aim of this study was to determine for reference purposes the values of serum albumin, alpha 1-globulin, alpha 2-globulin, beta-globulin, gamma-globulin, and alpha-lipoprotein (high density lipoprotein), pre-beta-lipoprotein (very low density lipoprotein) and beta-lipoprotein (low density lipoprotein) fractions of normal ostriches (struthio camelus) in turkey. five male and five female ostriches, 18 months old, were used. all the ostriches were fed on a diet that contained 15.14% crude prote ... | 2004 | 15185578 |
| ostrich nutrition: a review from a zimbabwean perspective. | the ostrich is an important animal in many livestock industries and, in the developing world, the export of meat and skins is a valuable source of foreign currency. as the successful growth and reproductive performance of ostriches depends on good nutrition it is extremely important to provide the correct diet. some researchers have incorrectly assumed that poultry diets are useful for ostriches, but the vitamin and mineral requirements of these birds are unique and their diets should never be s ... | 2004 | 15861899 |
| the sensitive innervation of the ostrich nasal mucosa. | the sensitive innervation of the ostrich's nasal mucosa, through impregnative gold chloride methods, was investigated. the autonomy innervation, constituted by ganglion cells placed along the course of nerve trunks was particularly represented in the respiratory tract of the nasal cavity. the somatic nerve component, composed by free and capsulated endings, was especially distributed in the vestibular district. the nerve corpuscles were morphologically classified as pacini, pacini-like, golgi-ma ... | 2004 | 15717458 |
| citrus pulp as an ingredient in ostrich diet: effects on meat quality. | the purpose of this trial was to study the effects of citrus pulp inclusion in ostrich diets on meat quality, evaluated on iliofibularis and gastrocnemius muscles. m. iliofibularis had a lower ultimate ph (p<0.05) and was lighter in colour (p<0.05) than m. gastrocnemius. the latter had higher moisture (p<0.05) and lower crude protein contents (p<0.05) as compared to m. iliofibularis. m. gastrocnemius had a lower proportion of c14:0 (p<0.05), c16:0 (p<0.05) and c16:1 (p<0.05) and a higher percent ... | 2004 | 22062236 |
| the roles of the proteasome, and cathepsins b, l, h and d, in ostrich meat tenderisation. | as very little research has been conducted on ostrich meat tenderisation, this study aims at investigating the roles of the proteasome and cathepsins b, l, h, and d in the tenderisation process. the enzyme activities in meat from eight ostriches during a 12-day ageing period and the corresponding physical characteristics (e.g. ph, shear force) and myofibril patterns were determined. after 12 days, substantial high remaining activities were found, especially of the proteasome, thus implicating th ... | 2004 | 22061124 |
| use of bacteriocin-producing starter cultures of lactobacillus plantarum and lactobacillus curvatus in production of ostrich meat salami. | ostrich meat salami was produced by using lactobacillus plantarum strain 423 and lactobacillus curvatus strain df126. the strains produce the bacteriocins plantaricin 423 and curvacin df126, respectively. the specific activity of plantaricin 423 in mrs broth at 30 °c increased as the ph decreased from 6.5 to 3.5, but activity subsequently decreased. the activity of curvacin df126 increased under the same conditions, but remained stable for the duration of the growth cycle. maximum curvacin df126 ... | 2004 | 22060880 |
| bacteriological evaluation of commercial canine and feline raw diets. | twenty-five commercial raw diets for dogs and cats were evaluated bacteriologically. coliforms were present in all diets, ranging from 3.5 x 10(3) to 9.4 x 10(6) cfu/g (mean 8.9 x 10(5); standard deviation 1.9 x 10(6)). escherichia coli was identified in 15/25 (64%) diets; however, e. coli o157 was not detected. salmonella spp. were detected in 5/25 (20%) diets; 1 each of beef-, lamb-, quail-, chicken-, and ostrich-based diets. sporeforming bacteria were identified from 4/25 (16%) samples on dir ... | 2005 | 16048011 |
| the effect of feed withdrawal during lairage on meat quality characteristics in ostriches. | commercially reared ostriches (n=84) were randomly allocated to one of two groups. the first group (stressed: n=38) was deprived of food for a period of 2.5 days prior to slaughter, to simulate the stress experienced by slaughter ostriches held in holding pens (lairage) at a commercial ostrich abattoir over a weekend. the second group (control: n=46) was fed normally until 24 h prior to slaughter. initial live weight as well as hot and cold drumstick weight were independent (p>0.05) of treatment ... | 2005 | 22063142 |
| the effect of dietary fish oil rich in n-3 fatty acids on the organoleptic, fatty acid and physicochemical characteristics of ostrich meat. | the effect of different levels of unrefined fish oil in the diet on ostrich musculus iliofibularis was evaluated in a completely randomised experimental design, where a supplementary energy rich feed, containing 6.7% fish oil, was fed at four different levels over a 7-month period. an increase in the amount of fish oil consumed was found to have had no significant effect on the sensory characteristics of ostrich meat, although there was a tendency towards an increase in fishiness, for both aroma ... | 2005 | 22063279 |
| prediction of the chemical composition of freeze dried ostrich meat with near infrared reflectance spectroscopy. | near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (nirs) was used to predict the chemical composition of freeze-dried ostrich meat samples. tenderloin (m. ambiens), big drum (m. iliofibularis) and fan fillet (m. gastrocnemius) samples (n=160) were included in the study. samples were minced, freeze-dried and analysed according to standard laboratory procedures for ash, dry matter (dm), crude protein (cp) and fat content. samples were scanned (1100-2500 nm) and partial least-square regression (plsr) was used ... | 2005 | 22062816 |
| dynamics of fluorescence dequenching of ostrich-quenched fluorescein biotin: a multifunctional quantitative assay for biotin. | we describe a simple and rapid quantitative assay for biotin and biotin conjugates. the assay is based on the kinetic analysis of the enhancement of fluorescence of streptavidin/fluorescein biotin complexes in the presence of biotin. the kinetic response of fluorescence enhancement is proportional to the concentration of biotin. standard calibration curves based on the kinetic response are obtained and detection limits of approximately 10(-9)m are established. because the assay is amenable for u ... | 2005 | 15913533 |
| morphological features of the luminal surface of the magnum in the sexually immature ostrich (struthio camelus). | summary observations were made, using scanning electron microscopy, of the surface features of the magnum in the immature ostrich during periods of ovarian inactivity, activity and regression. in birds with inactive ovaries the luminal surface of the magnum was lined with non-ciliated cells, which were densely covered by microvilli. in contrast, the magnum in birds with active ovaries was composed of ciliated and non-ciliated cells. the distribution of ciliated cells was not uniform, with clumps ... | 2005 | 16288605 |
| first report of a field outbreak of the oriental eye-fluke, philophthalmus gralli (mathis & leger 1910), in commercially reared ostriches (struthio camelus) in zimbabwe. | a total of 17 commercially reared ostriches (struthio camelus) from msengi farm, chinhoyi, zimbabwe, observed with swollen eyes, severe conjunctivitis and constant lacrimation accompanied by a purulent exudate, were restrained for further clinical examination. some of the birds were semi-blind with severe loss of body condition. when examined, tiny organisms were observed attached to the nictitating membranes and the conjuctival sacs of both eyes. the organisms were identified as philophthalmus ... | 2005 | 16300188 |
| identification and molecular epidemiology of campylobacter coli isolates from human gastroenteritis, food, and animal sources by amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis and penner serotyping. | campylobacter coli is an infrequently studied but important food-borne pathogen with a wide natural distribution. we investigated its molecular epidemiology by use of amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp)-based genotyping and penner serotyping. serotype reference strains and 177 danish isolates of diverse origin identified by routine phenotyping as c. coli were examined. molecular tools identified some 12% of field isolates as campylobacter jejuni, emphasizing the need for improved ident ... | 2005 | 15812025 |
| fibrino-necrotic typhlitis caused by escherichia fergusonii in ostriches (struthio camelus). | two adult ostriches developed anorexia, prostration, and severe hemorrhagic diarrhea, dying 24 hr after the onset of clinical signs. on postmortem examination, the cecal mucosa showed locally extensive areas of hemorrhages and fibrino-necrotic typhlitis with a white-yellowish material covering the mucosal surface. multiple serosal petequial hemorrhages and fibrinous peritonitis were present. histologic examination revealed an intense mononuclear infiltration in the lamina propria and submucosa o ... | 2005 | 15839434 |
| autonomic and sensitive somatic innervation of the ostrich elbow and knee joints articular capsule. | the present research was carried out on the fibrous layer of the ostrich's elbow and knee joints articular capsule, employing opportunely modified gold chloride ruffini's method, to study the autonomic and sensitive somatic nerve components. the distribution of both nerve components followed frequently the vascular networks. the autonomic innervation was represented by isolated or grouped ganglion cells, frequently placed along the course of nerve trunks, close to the epineurium or located withi ... | 2005 | 16277161 |
| identification of three novel mycoplasma species from ostriches in south africa. | mycoplasmas have been implicated in certain clinical syndromes in ostriches and are associated with upper respiratory tract infections. as these infections result in production losses, they are of considerable economic importance to the south african ostrich industry. although poultry mycoplasmas have been shown to infect ostriches, the existence of unique ostrich-specific mycoplasmas has been suggested. in this study, mycoplasmas were isolated from ostriches in the klein karoo, central karoo an ... | 2005 | 16280203 |
| severe ocular trauma caused by an ostrich. | 2005 | 15665372 | |
| cloning and expression of ostrich trypsinogen: an avian trypsin with a highly sensitive autolysis site. | one of ostrich (struthio camelus) trypsinogen genes was cloned from pancreatic cdna. its amino acid sequence compared to known trypsin sequences from other species shows high identity and suggests that it is a member of the phylogenetically anionic trypsinogen i subfamily. after cytoplasmic over expression in escherichia coli and renaturation, the activation properties of ostrich trypsinogen were studied and compared to those of human trypsinogen 1 (also called as human cationic trypsinogen). os ... | 2005 | 15752690 |
| intrathoracic haemangiosarcoma in an ostrich (struthio camelus). | 2005 | 15789651 | |
| [animal welfare aspects regarding the raising of breeding ostriches in germany]. | the commercial housing of african ostriches in germany for the breed and meat production still represents a disputed topic under the criterion of the animal's welfare. above all critics state that the frequently wet-cold weather in germany impairs the well-being and health of the animals. so far however there are just a few scientifically documented data about requirements for housing conditions of ostriches in central europe and thus hardly answers whether housing in germany is possible under t ... | 2005 | 15847067 |
| the ostrich (struthio camelus) blastoderm and embryo development following storage of eggs at various temperatures. | 1. the gross morphology of blastoderms in fresh unstored ostrich eggs and in eggs subjected to different regimen of storage and incubation was studied. then the effects of storage duration of eggs (1, 2 and 3 weeks) and storage temperature (15, 20 and 25 degrees c) on blastoderm and embryo development were investigated.2. only incubation following overnight storage at 18 degrees c advanced blastoderm development (1.5-fold increase in diameter) to a stage comparable to hypoblast. 3. storage of eg ... | 2005 | 16428106 |
| mechanical resistance of a new biomaterial, ostrich pericardium, and a new method of joining tissues combining suturing and a biological adhesive. | we studied the mechanical behavior in response to tensile stress of samples of ostrich pericardium bonded with a cyanoacrylate glue or sewn with a rectangular, overlapping suture that was subsequently sealed with the same bioadhesive. seventy-two trials were performed in three series of 24 samples each: series ag, glued with an overlap of 1 cm2; series asg, sewn with a rectangular, overlapping suture and sealed; and series ac, control samples that were left intact. the mean stress at rupture in ... | 2005 | 15490469 |
| differential effects of detergents, fatty acids, cations and heating on ostrich skeletal muscle 20s proteasome. | the 20s proteasome, the catalytic core of the 26s proteasome, has previously been isolated, purified and partially characterised from ostrich skeletal muscle (thomas, a.r., oosthuizen, v., naude, r.j., muramoto, k. 2002. biol. chem. 383, 1267-1270). due to the apparent latency of the 20s proteasome purified from various sources, this study focuses on further characterising the ostrich enzyme in terms of the effects of selected detergents, fatty acids and cations, as well as heating at 60 degrees ... | 2005 | 15694581 |
| novel solution structure of porcine beta-microseminoprotein. | a number of beta-microseminoproteins (msps) have been identified from different species. msps are all non-glycosylated and disulfide bond-rich, but show a relatively low level of conservation. although all cys residues are conserved, our previous study showed that the disulfide bond pairings differ in porcine and ostrich msps. despite the variety of biological functions that have been suggested for msps, their real function is still poorly understood. furthermore, no 3d structure has been report ... | 2005 | 15701518 |
| identification and quantitation of species in complex dna mixtures by real-time polymerase chain reaction. | six taqman real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) systems using minor groove binding (mgb) probes have been developed for the detection quantitation of bovine, porcine, lamb, chicken, turkey, and ostrich dna in complex samples. species-specific amplification was achieved by combining only two fluorogenic probes and 10 oligonucleotide primers targeting mitochondrial sequences, decreasing the cost of the assay significantly. the limits of detection ranged from 0.03 to 0.80 pg of template dna. a ... | 2005 | 15766713 |
| carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. inhibition of red blood cell ostrich (struthio camelus) carbonic anhydrase with a series of aromatic and heterocyclic sulfonamides. | the purification of red blood cell carbonic anhydrase (ca, ec 4.2.1.1) from ostrich (scca) blood is reported, as well as an inhibition study of this enzyme with a series of aromatic and heterocylic sulfonamides. the ostrich enzyme showed a high activity, comparable to that of the human isozyme ii, with kcat, of 1.2 x 10(6) s(-1) and kcat/km of 1.8 x 10(7) m(-1)s(-1), and an inhibition profile quite different from that of the human red blood cell cytosolic isozymes hca i and ii. scca has generall ... | 2005 | 16206834 |
| effects of freezing-thawing on dna integrity of boar spermatozoa assessed by the neutral comet assay. | a modified version of the neutral comet assay was employed to evaluate the effect of the freezing-thawing process on boar-sperm dna integrity. the sperm-rich fractions were collected from four mature boars and frozen into aluminium tubes and straws after extension in lactose-hen egg yolk-glycerol extender (lactose-hey-g) or an extender containing lactose, lyophilized lipoprotein fractions extracted from ostrich egg yolk and glycerol (lactose-lpfo-g). the semen samples were also frozen in a stand ... | 2005 | 16324079 |
| extracellular matrix of ostrich articular cartilage. | the composition and organization of the extracellular matrix of ostrich articular cartilage was investigated, using samples from the proximal and distal surfaces of the tarsometatarsus. for morphological analysis, sections were stained with toluidine blue and analyzed by polarized light microscopy. for biochemical analysis, extracellular matrix components were extracted with 4 m guanidinium chloride, fractionated on deae-sephacel and analyzed by sds-page. glycosaminoglycans were analyzed by elec ... | 2005 | 15954467 |
| egg storage period and weight effects on hatchability of ostrich (struthio camelus) eggs. | we studied the affects of storage period and egg weight on the hatchability of 314 ostrich (struthio camelus) eggs. eggs were stored at 20 degrees c and 65% rh before incubation at the poultry research, teaching and extension center at texas a&m university (college station, tx). eggs were classed by storage period (< or = 5, > 5 < or = 10, > 10 < or = 15, or > 15 < 24 d) and egg weight (< or = 1,450, > 1,450 < or = 1,650, or > 1,650 g) to determine the influence of storage period and egg weight ... | 2005 | 16479949 |
| osteoinductivity of partially purified native ostrich (struthio camelus) bone morphogenetic protein: comparison with mammalian species. | bone morphogenetic proteins (bmps) are members of the tgf-beta superfamily. they are capable of inducing ectopic bone formation. until now, the main interest has been focused on mammalian osteoinductive bmps, and there are no reports of native bmp extracts of birds. in this study, we isolated and characterized native bmps of ostrich (struthio camelus) and compared them with identically isolated native bovine (cow) and reindeer bmps with regard to bmp pattern and osteoinductive capacity. the ostr ... | 2005 | 16005022 |
| seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii in farm-reared ostriches and wild game species from zimbabwe. | one hundred and seventy one serum samples from 10 game species from zimbabwe were tested for igg antibodies to toxoplasma gondii infection using the modified agglutination test (mat). significantly higher seroprevalences were found in the felidae (panthera leo) (92% of 26), bovidae (tragelaphus species) (55.9% of 34) and farm-reared struthionidae (struthio camelus) (48% of 50) compared to the other groups tested. among the bovidae, the nyala (tragelaphus angasii) had the highest seroprevalence o ... | 2005 | 15777687 |
| enzymatic properties of rhea lysozyme. | rhea lysozyme was analyzed for its enzymatic properties both lytic and oligomer activities to reveal the structural and functional relationships of goose type lysozyme. rhea lysozyme had the highest lytic activity at ph 6, followed by ostrich and goose at ph 5.5-6, whereas the optimum of cassowary was at ph 5. ph profile was correlated to the net charge of each molecule surface. on the other hand, the ph optimum for oligomer substrate was found to be ph 4, indicating the mechanism of rhea cataly ... | 2005 | 15665474 |
| amino acid sequences and phosphorylation sites of emu and rhea eggshell c-type lectin-like proteins. | avian calcified eggshell layers contain in their organic matrix one or two c-type lectin-like proteins. previously characterized eggshell proteins of this family are chicken ovocleidin-17 (oc-17), goose ansocalcin and ostrich struthiocalcins 1 and 2 (sca-1, sca-2). in this report we present the amino acid sequences of two emu (dromaius novaehollandiae) (dromaiocalcin-1 and -2; dca-1, dca-2) and of two rhea (rhea americana) (rheacalcin-1 and -2; rca-1, rca-2) c-type lectin-like eggshell proteins, ... | 2006 | 16403478 |
| the ostrich strategy towards affective issues in alexithymic patients with fibromyalgia. | 2006 | 16426801 | |
| morphological and histological study of the ostrich (struthio camelus l.) liver and biliary system. | the peculiarity of the digestive system of the ostrich (struthio camelus l.), which is characterized by the continuous production of bile, led us to undertake macroscopical and histological studies of the liver and its biliary system, since very little bibliographic data exist on the subject. for this purpose we observed the organs of male and female ostriches 16-18 months of age, in situ, in order to describe their location, relationships and morphology. samples of the liver were processed for ... | 2006 | 16736712 |
| ecology and molecular epidemiology of h9n2 avian influenza viruses isolated in israel during 2000-2004 epizootic. | the first two isolates of h9n2 influenza virus were picked up from turkey and chicken hosts in may 2000, but the actual epizootic of the low pathogenicity avian influenza (lpai) h9n2 virus started in december 2001, following a 1.5-year period of silence, during which the h10n7 and h6n3 influenza viruses were isolated sporadically. the outbreak of the h9n2 influenza began in northern israel, from where the epizootic spread all over the country. damage was relatively limited because of the widespr ... | 2006 | 16447512 |
| the ostrich syndrome in american pharmacy. | 2006 | 16397304 | |
| occurrence of libyostrongylus sp. (nematoda) in ostriches (struthio camelus linnaeus, 1758) from the north region of the state of rio de janeiro, brazil. | domestic production of ostrich in brazil started in the beginning of the last decade, but its sanitary state has not been reported. libyostrongylus sp. is an ostrich specific nematode whose parasitism can severely affect the birds. thus, libyostrongylus spp. larvae were identified in commercial ostriches in the north region of the state of rio de janeiro, brazil. the epg was determined and fecal cultivation was performed. the eggs presented typical characteristics of strongylid and were present ... | 2006 | 16448757 |
| distribution of neurotrophin and trk receptor-like immunoreactivity in the adrenal gland of birds. | the occurrence and localization of neurotrophins and their specific trk receptor-like proteins in the adrenal gland of chicken, duck and ostrich were examined by immunohistochemical methods. in all species studied ngf-, trk a- and trk c-like immunoreactivity was observed in neurons and fibers of adrenal ganglia. thin trk a- and trk c-like immunoreactive fibers were also observed among chromaffin cells. nt-3-like immunoreactivity was detected in chromaffin cells as revealed by the double immunola ... | 2006 | 16456836 |
| shelf life of ostrich (struthio camelus) liver stored under different packaging conditions. | ostrich (struthio camelus) liver is an important edible meat by-product. however, it has a low commercial value, and it is underutilized. the present study was conducted to establish the shelf life of ostrich liver, stored at 2 +/- 1 degrees c for 18 days, under different packing conditions. fresh livers were sliced and packed under air exposure, vacuum, and modified atmosphere (ma: 80% co2 plus 20% n2). shelf-life evaluation was based on color, lipid and hemopigment oxidation, microbial counts, ... | 2006 | 16924918 |
| struthiopterolichus bicaudatus (gervais) (acari: pterolichidae): a feather mite pest of the ostrich in australia. | 2006 | 16498841 | |
| isolation, cloning and sequencing of transferrins from red-eared turtle, african ostrich, and turkey. | transferrins form an important class of iron-binding proteins widely distributed in the physiological fluids of vertebrates and invertebrates. in vertebrates they are present mostly in serum as serotransferrins. in birds and reptiles transferrins are also found in eggs as ovotransferrins. however, until now only chicken and duck ovotransferrin sequences have been published. this paper presents data on the purification, biochemical analysis, cloning and sequencing of ovotransferrins from red-eare ... | 2006 | 16631400 |
| determination of the force necessary for the propagation of tears in ostrich and calf pericardium. | the durability of prosthetic heart valve leaflets made of biological materials is limited. a tear in the biomaterial accelerates their early failure, but microtearing of the collagen fibers may be responsible for their medium-term failure. we studied the force necessary to propagate tearing in two biomaterials: ostrich and calf pericardium. one hundred twenty samples of each tissue were tested in an elmendorf pendulum capable of measuring the force required to tear a tissue in which a predefined ... | 2006 | 16637030 |
| immunoreactivities to protein gene product 9.5, neurofilament protein and neuron specific enolase in nerves in the oviduct of the sexually immature ostrich, struthio camelus. | the present study investigated the distribution of nerves in the oviduct of the sexually immature ostrich. the presence of protein gene product 9.5, neurofilament protein and neuron specific enolase nerve fibres were demonstrated in the infundibulum, magnum, isthmus, shell gland and vagina. nerve fibres containing protein gene product 9.5, neuron specific enolase and neurofilament protein were particularly numerous in the tunica muscularis and intermuscular connective tissue areas of the shell g ... | 2006 | 16958264 |
| violence, zero tolerance and the subversion of professional practice. | assaults on health care staff have been a fact of life since the earliest years of organised health services, but it is only in recent years that governments have begun to acknowledge the problem. assaults not only inflict physical and emotional injury, but undermine morale, create a climate of fear, and subvert the quality of care. they are also costly in terms of lost labour, compensation, and legal and procedural expenses. the response to violence in health care settings has thus far ranged f ... | 2006 | 16696604 |
| the presence of quill mites (gabucinia bicaudata) and lice (struthiolipeurus struthionis) in ostrich wing feathers. | quill mites (gabucinia bicaudata) and lice (struthiolipeurus struthionis) may infest ostrich feathers, resulting in skin damage, pruritus and excessive feather preening and loss. four different feather types (prime white, femina extra wide, femina class 1, and femina short; n = 10) were collected. the quill mites and lice were removed with fine forceps, studied using a photographic optical microscope and counted microscopically at x 100 magnification following collection by sedimentation. they w ... | 2006 | 16700469 |
| biochemical and mechanical behavior of ostrich pericardium as a new biomaterial. | we have performed a comparative analysis of glutaraldehyde-preserved ostrich pericardium, as a novel biomaterial, with bovine pericardium. the biochemical characteristics (histology, water content, amino acid composition, and collagen and elastin contents), mechanical properties, and in vivo calcification in a subcutaneous rat model were examined. ostrich pericardium is slightly thinner and shows a higher water content (70+/-2% vs. 62+/-2%) than bovine pericardium. additionally, ostrich pericard ... | 2006 | 16701880 |
| female-specific dna sequences in ostriches. | ostrich absence of heteromorphic sex chromosomes, unique sequences or markers located in the ostrich w-chromosome. random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) fingerprinting was carried out to investigate the sex-specific dna sequence for sexing in ostrich. one hundred and forty random primers were used for random amplified polymorphic dna-polymerase chain reaction (rapd-pcr). one of these primers, opaj-13, produced a sex-specific band only found in tested females, which was isolated and constructed ... | 2006 | 16714099 |
| microbiological profiles, ph, and titratable acidity of chorizo and salchichón (two spanish dry fermented sausages) manufactured with ostrich, deer, or pork meat. | microbial counts, ph, and titratable acidity were determined in 102 spanish dry fermented sausages (chorizo and salchichón) made with ostrich, deer, or pork meat. average microbial counts (log cfu per gram) varied from 5.46 +/- 0.24 to 8.25 +/- 0.80 (total viable counts), from 4.79 +/- 0.36 to 7.99 +/- 0.20 (psychrotrophs), from 0.00 +/- 0.00 to 0.99 +/- 1.10 (undetectable values were assumed to be zero) (enterobacteriaceae), from 0.00 +/- 0.00 to 4.27 +/- 1.47 (enterococci), from 5.15 +/- 1.15 ... | 2006 | 16715825 |
| sensitive innervation of the copulatory organ in struthio camelus: comparison to the corresponding district in female proctodeum. | the aa. have studied the nerve component of male copulatory organ and ventral part of female proctodeum in the ostrich. this paper represents the concluding part of the plan of research that aimed to verify some data and hypothesis referred in previous observations. the innervation of the considered districts was always constituted by autonomic and sensitive somatic nerve components. the autonomic innervation was represented by isolated and grouped ganglion cells located along the course of nerv ... | 2006 | 16736716 |