Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| effect of five thai snake venoms on coagulation, fibrinolysis and platelet aggregation. | the effects of five thai snake venoms--malayan pit viper--mpv (ancistrodon rhodostoma); russell's viper--rvv (vipera russelli); cobra--cv (naja naja); king cobra--kcv (naja hannah) and banded krait--bkv (bungarus fasciatus)--on blood coagulation fibrinolysis and platelet aggregation were studied. mpv has strong thrombin-like coagulant action. rvv has activating effect most probably on factor x. other three venoms--cv, kcv and bkv have been shown to be anti coagulant, on both intrinsic and extrin ... | 1979 | 524153 |
| snake venoms. the amino-acid sequence of polypeptide de-1 from ophiophagus hannah (king cobra) venom. | a major polypeptide (de-1) was purified from king cobra venom by ion-exchange chromatography on cm-cellulose and also deae-cellulose and by gel filtration on sephadex g-50. de-1 comprises 60 amino acid residues and is cross-linked by four intrachain disulphide bridges. the complete primary structure of the polypeptide has been elucidated. the properties of de-1 were compared with those of the short neurotoxin and the cytotoxin groups and of the angusticeps types. the sequence and some of the inv ... | 1977 | 881163 |
| preparation, characterization and immunogenicity of various polymers and conjugates of elapid postsynaptic neurotoxins. | seven polymeric forms and conjugates of purified principal postsynaptic neurotoxins of naja naja siamensis (nns), ophiophagus hannah (oh) and bangarus fasciatus (bf) have been synthesized by controlled polymerization in which only 29-60% of the toxins were allowed to react. a carbodiimide (ecdi) and glutaraldehyde (ga) were used as coupling agents while bsa and tetanus toxoid (tt) were used as carriers. the antigenic mosaic of these immunogens was: nns-ecdi, nns-bf-oh-ecdi, nns-bsa-ecdi, nns-tt- ... | 1992 | 1565098 |
| structural and conformational similarity between synthetic peptides of curaremimetic neurotoxins and rabies virus glycoprotein. | antibodies were raised in rabbits against synthetic peptides corresponding to loop 2, the 'toxic' loop reacting with the acetylcholine-binding site on the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, of curaremimetic neurotoxins and the structurally similar segment of the rabies virus glycoprotein. some of the antibodies cross-reacted with the corresponding peptides confirming the structural similarity between the neurotoxin and glycoprotein peptides. a polyclonal antibody raised against a 29 residue glyco ... | 1991 | 1661807 |
| morphological basis of "growling" in the king cobra, ophiophagus hannah. | a bioacoustic analysis is conducted on the defensive sounds produced by 21 species of snakes. the "typical" snake hiss is described as having a broad-frequency span (from roughly 3,000 to 13,000 hertz) and a dominant frequency near 7,500 hertz. the "growl" of the king cobra (ophiophagus hannah) differs from the "typical" snake hiss in consisting solely of frequencies below 2,500 hertz, with a dominant frequency near 600 hertz. structural analysis of the upper respiratory tract of o. hannah sugge ... | 2003 | 1744612 |
| bites by the king cobra (ophiophagus hannah) in myanmar: successful treatment of severe neurotoxic envenoming. | three patients bitten by the world's largest species of venomous snake, the king cobra (ophiophagus hannah), were observed in myanmar (burma). all three were involved in the famous snake dance in yangon (rangoon) zoological gardens. one patient showed no signs of envenoming despite a sustained bite, another developed only signs of local envenoming, but in a third there was severe neurotoxic envenoming requiring mechanical ventilation for 64 1/2 hours, episodes of hypotension and massive swelling ... | 1991 | 1754675 |
| structure-function relationships of curaremimetic neurotoxin loop 2 and of a structurally similar segment of rabies virus glycoprotein in their interaction with the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. | peptides corresponding to portions of curaremimetic neurotoxin loop 2 and to a structurally similar segment of rabies virus glycoprotein were synthetically modified in order to gain information on structure-function relationships of neurotoxin loop 2 interactions with the acetylcholine receptor. binding of synthetic peptides to the acetylcholine receptor of torpedo electric organ membranes was assessed by measuring their ability to inhibit the binding of 125i-alpha-bungarotoxin to the receptor. ... | 1991 | 1932020 |
| substrate specificity of king cobra (ophiophagus hannah) venom l-amino acid oxidase. | 1. substrate specificity of purified king cobra (ophiophagus hannah) venom l-amino acid oxidase was investigated. 2. the enzyme was highly specific for the l-enantiomer of amino acid. effective oxidation of l-amino acid by the enzyme requires the presence of a free primary alpha-amino group but the alpha-carboxylate group is not as critical for the catalysis. 3. the enzyme was very active against l-lys, l-phe, l-leu, l-tyr, l-tryp, l-arg, l-met, l-ornithine, l-norleucine and l-norvaline and mode ... | 1991 | 2044840 |
| lyso platelet activating factor (lysopaf) and its enantiomer. total synthesis and carbon-13 nmr spectroscopy. | described is a reaction sequence for the total synthesis of lyso platelet activating factor (lysopaf; 1-o-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) and its enantiomer. the procedure is versatile and yields optically pure isomers of defined chain length. the synthesis is equally suited for the preparation of lysopaf analogues and its enantiomers with unsaturation in the long aliphatic chain. first, rac-1(3)-o-alkylglycerol is prepared by alkylation of rac-isopropylideneglycerol with alkyl methanesulfona ... | 1990 | 2079867 |
| preparation of antibodies to king cobra (ophiophagus hannah) venom hemorrhagin and investigation of their cross-reactivity. | hannahtoxin, the major hemorrhagin purified from king cobra (ophiophagus hannah) venom, elicits hemorrhages in rabbits but not in mice. two antisera against hannahtoxin were prepared: one raised against purified hannahtoxin, while the other was raised against glutaraldehyde cross-linked and detoxified hannahtoxin. the antisera were refined by pepsin digestion and ammonium sulfate precipitation. they are of approximately equal potency in their ability to neutralize the hemorrhagic activity of kin ... | 1990 | 2128424 |
| isolation and characterization of a hemorrhagin from the venom of ophiophagus hannah (king cobra). | the major hemorrhagin (termed hannahtoxin) of the venom of ophiophagus hannah (king cobra) was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity by deae-sephacel ion exchange chromatography, sephadex g-200 gel filtration followed by a second deae-sephacel chromatography. proteolytic activity was associated with the hemorrhagic activity throughout the purification procedures. hannahtoxin constituted approximately 2% of the crude venom. it had an isoelectric point of 5.3, a carbohydrate content of 12%, a mo ... | 1990 | 2190359 |
| purification and characterization of two acidic phospholipase a2 enzymes from king cobra (ophiophagus hannah) snake venom. | 1. the two major phospholipase a2 enzymes (ohpla-de1 and ohpla-de2) of king cobra (ophiophagus hannah) venom have been purified to electrophoretic homogeneity. 2. the isoelectric points of ohpla-de1 and ohpla-de2 were 3.81 and 3.89, respectively and the mws were 14,000 and 15,000, respectively, as estimated by sephadex g-75 gel filtration chromatography; and 14,000 as estimated by sds-page. 3. the enzymes were not lethal to mice at a dosage of 10 micrograms/g body wt by i.v. route. both phosphol ... | 1990 | 2347427 |
| synthetic peptides of neurotoxins and rabies virus glycoprotein behave as antagonists in a functional assay for the acetylcholine receptor. | peptides of portions of loop 2 (the "toxic" loop) of snake venom curare-mimetic neurotoxins (alpha-bungarotoxin and king cobra toxin b) and of a structurally similar region of the rabies virus glycoprotein were synthesized. the effect of the peptides on carbachol-induced 22na+ flux into bc3h-1 cells, which contain nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on their surfaces, was measured. both the neurotoxin and glycoprotein peptides inhibited ion transport with ic50 values of 10(-4) m to 7 x 10(-7) m. t ... | 1989 | 2520759 |
| isolation and characterization of an unusual form of l-amino acid oxidase from king cobra (ophiophagus hannah) venom. | the l-amino acid oxidase (ec 1. 4. 3. 2) from king cobra (ophiophagus hannah) venom was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity. the molecular weight of the enzyme was determined to be 140000 when examined by gel filtration and 68000 by sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. the enzyme had an isoelectric point of 4.5 and an intravenous ld50 of 5 micrograms/g in mice. it is a glycoprotein and contains two moles of fad per mole of enzyme. the enzyme exhibited unusual thermal stability and unlike ... | 1989 | 2619759 |
| a king cobra bite in new york city. | a 30-year-old male was bitten on the thumb by a king cobra, ophiophagus hannah. transported by helicopter to a snakebite center within 1 hr, he was treated with specific antivenom. he improved, then worsened; the course was finally reversed by huge doses of antivenom (thai king cobra antivenom). the patient recovered without sequelae. the case illustrates the efficacy of an emergency medical system and i.v. administration of specific antivenom in sufficent amounts. | 1989 | 2728028 |
| enzymatic and toxic properties of ophiophagus hannah (king cobra) venom and venom fractions. | some enzymatic activities and toxic properties of four samples of ophiophagus hannah (king cobra) venom were investigated. there is little intraspecific variation in enzyme contents, protein composition and toxic properties of the venom. the venom does not exhibit hemolytic or edema-inducing activity but is characterized by an exceptionally high alkaline phosphomonoesterase activity. deae-sephacel ion exchange chromatography and sephadex g-75 gel filtration chromatography of the venom indicate t ... | 1989 | 2749765 |
| the role of phospholipase in host cell penetration by toxoplasma gondii. | phospholipase a2 (pla2) plays an important pathogenic role in infections caused by several microorganisms and has been implicated in host cell invasion. the mechanism of host cell penetration by the intracellular protozoan toxoplasma gondii involves several steps; we have investigated the role of pla2 in cellular invasion by the tachyzoite stage of this parasite. we assayed t. gondii invasion of human fibroblast monolayers by measurement of the selective incorporation of 3h-uracil into growing i ... | 1989 | 2919724 |
| a protease in the venom of king cobra (ophiophagus hannah): purification, characterization and substrate specificity on oxidized insulin b-chain. | a protease in the venom of ophiophagus hannah (king cobra) has been purified to a homogeneous state by successive chromatographies on sephadex g-100 superfine, deae-cellulose, hydroxyapatite and cm-polyvinylalcohol copolymer columns. the mol.wt as determined by sds-page and gel filtration was approximately 70,000. the purified enzyme possessed a specific activity approximately 1/25 that of crystalline trypsin, whereas it had no hemorrhagic activity. the substrate specificity was determined using ... | 1988 | 3070833 |
| antigenic relationships and relative immunogenicities of venom proteins from six poisonous snakes of thailand. | venoms from naja naja siamensis, ophiophagus hannah, bungarus fasciatus, vipera russelli, calloselasma rhodostoma and trimeresurus albolabris have been studied by means of sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting. the immunoblots were stained with rabbit homologous and heterologous antibodies. in general, the higher the mol. wt the protein the higher the immunogenicity although two proteins with mol. wts of 23,000 and 25,000 from o. hannah venom are extraordin ... | 1988 | 3201490 |
| species specific sensitivity towards the hemorrhagin of ophiophagus hannah (elapidae). | the filtration pattern of ophiophagus hannah venom on sephadex g-75 shows several peaks. the first peak, s1, includes high molecular weight proteins and contains the hemorrhagic and proteolytic activities. the proteolytic fractions overlap the hemorrhagic fractions, but are not identical with them. the crude venom and the high molecular weight peak have caseinase, benzoyl-l-arginine ethyl ester hydrolase and kallikrein-like activities, but not collagenase, gelatinase, thrombin, plasmin or urokin ... | 1987 | 3303449 |
| development of aquarium fish models for environmental carcinogenesis: an intermittent-flow exposure system for volatile, hydrophobic chemicals. | an intermittent-flow exposure system was designed to provide stable and manipulative concentrations of volatile and hydrophobic compounds to small aquatic animals for uninterrupted long periods. test species for 28-day experiments included two aquarium fishes, the japanese medaka (oryzias latipes) and the king cobra guppy (poecilia reticulata). test chemicals included trichloroethylene, vinylidene chloride, bis(2-chloroethyl)ether, ethylene dichloride, and a mixture of carbon tetrachloride, tric ... | 1985 | 4045098 |
| snake venom toxins the amino acid sequences of two toxins from ophiophagus hannah (king cobra) venom. | 1973 | 4198767 | |
| a case of king cobra bite. | 1971 | 5092397 | |
| anesthetic deaths in cobras (naja naja and ophiophagus hannah) with methoxyflurane. | 1970 | 5465566 | |
| a case of pneumonia in a king cobra. | 1970 | 5466426 | |
| effects of three cobra venoms on blood coagulation, platelet aggregation, and fibrinolysis. | the effects of the venoms of naja melanoleuca, naja nigricollis, and ophiophagus hannah on blood coagulation, platelet aggregation, and fibrinolysis were studied in vitro. all three venoms were shown to be anticoagulant. this action appeared to be due to an effect on both the extrinsic and blood thromboplastin mechanisms. platelet aggregation in chandler's tubes and adenosine diphosphate reactivity were inhibited by the three venoms, although in the case of ophiophagus hannah venom they were inh ... | 1969 | 5814735 |
| proteolytic activities of cobra venoms based on inactivation of alpha 2-macroglobulin. | the venoms of various cobra species showed a wide range of abilities to cleave hide powder azure, with naja naja kaouthia and ophiophagus hannah venoms showing the lowest activities and naja nivea venom showing the greatest activity on this dye-linked substrate. the activities of the venoms on hide powder did not completely correlate with their ability to inactivate the alpha 2-macroglobulin of human serum. incubation of 4-5 micrograms of naja nigricollis venom per microliter of serum for 30 min ... | 1984 | 6197999 |
| [purification and toxicological identification of fraction viii-2 from the venom of ophiophagus hannah]. | 1984 | 6544024 | |
| [isolation of the venom of ophiophagus hannah cantor and study of their toxic fraction]. | 1983 | 6880754 | |
| isolation and properties of l-amino acid oxidase from ophiophagus hannah venom. | this paper reports the isolation and some properties of l-amino acid oxidase from ophiophagus hannah venom. the differences between l-amino acid oxidase from ophiophagus hannah and that from other sources in specific activity, properties and the spectrum of isozymes are noticeable. the result of electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gel shows that this purified enzyme is homogenous. the molecular weight determined by gradient polyacrylamide gel slab (4--30%) is around 15 x 10(4) dalton. the molecula ... | 1982 | 7146872 |
| king cobra (ophiophagus hannah) bites in myanmar: venom antigen levels and development of venom antibodies. | venom, venom igg and igm antibody and total serum igg levels following king cobra bites in two reptile handlers were measured by enzyme immunoassay. the patient in case 1 received antivenom while the patient in case 2 did not. case 1 made a complete recovery following the bite and produced a high titre short-lived antibody. venom antigen was not detected in the sample taken 11 hr after antivenom. case 2 had experienced two recent minor king cobra bites and had received traditional immunization 4 ... | 1995 | 7638877 |
| king cobra bite. | king cobra (ophiophagus hannah) bite is rare. the milestones of management should have specific antivenom, adequate assisting respirator and appropriate antibiotics against proteus vulgaris infection. tourniquet may play some role in delaying venom absorption and allow a greater chance of venom detoxification by the human body. | 1994 | 7759975 |
| chemical modification of tryptophan residues in alpha-neurotoxins from ophiophagus hannah (king cobra) venom. | two alpha-neurotoxins, oh-4 and oh-7, from the king cobra (ophiophagus hannah) venom were subjected to trp modification with 2-nitrophenylsulfenyl chloride (nps-cl). one major nps derivative was isolated from the modified mixtures of oh-4 and two from oh-7 by hplc. amino acid analysis and sequence determination revealed that trp-27 in oh-4, and trp-30 and trp-26 and 30 in the two oh-7 derivatives, were modified, respectively. sulfenylation of trp-27 in oh-4 caused about 70% drop in lethal toxici ... | 1995 | 7786410 |
| purification and characterization of l-amino acid oxidase from king cobra (ophiophagus hannah) venom and its effects on human platelet aggregation. | venoms of several snake species contain large amounts of l-amino acid oxidase but its effects on human plasma coagulation and platelet aggregation have not been explored. we have purified l-amino acid oxidase from king cobra venom through cm-sephadex c-25, sephadex g-100 and deae sephadex a-50 chromatographies. the purified enzyme has a mol. wt of 135,000 as determined by gel filtration and 65,000 by sds-page under non-reducing and reducing conditions. incubation of plasma with l-amino acid oxid ... | 1994 | 7886693 |
| a comparative study of three vehicles on antibody responses against elapid snake neurotoxin immunogens. | a study was undertaken to compare the effects of three vehicles (incomplete freund's adjuvant, ifa; bentonite and squalene/arlacel a) on the antibody responses to various elapid neurotoxin immunogens. three neurotoxin immunogens were prepared using purified principal postsynaptic neurotoxin(s) of naja naja siamensis (nns), ophiophagus hannah (oh) and bungarus fasciatus (bf). glutaraldehyde (ga) or a carbodiimide (ecdi) was used as a coupling agent while diphtheria toxoid (dt) was used as a prote ... | 1994 | 8079368 |
| characterization of ohs1, an arginine/lysine amidase from the venom of king cobra (ophiophagus hannah). | in this paper, we present the results of purification and characterization of an arginine/lysine amidase from the venom of ophiophagus hannah (ohs1). it was purified by sephadex g-75 gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatography on deae-sepharose cl-6b. it is a protein of about 43,000, consisting of a single polypeptide chain. it is a minor component in the venom. the purified enzyme was capable of hydrolysing several tripeptidyl-p-nitroanilide substrates having either arginine or lysine as the ... | 1994 | 8079373 |
| an investigation into the antigenic cross-reactivity of ophiophagus hannah (king cobra) venom neurotoxin, phospholipase a2, hemorrhagin and l-amino acid oxidase using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | the antigenic cross-reactivity of four ophiophagus hannah (king cobra) venom components, the neurotoxin (oh-ntx), phospholipase a2 (oh-pla2), hemorrhagin (oh-hmg) and l-amino acid oxidase (oh-laao) were examined by indirect and double sandwich elisas. the indirect elisas for oh-ntx, oh-pla2 and oh-hmg were very specific when assayed against the various heterologous snake venoms and o. hannah venom components, at 25 ng/ml antigen level. at higher antigen concentrations (100-400 ng/ml), there were ... | 1993 | 8212031 |
| effects of an acidic phospholipase a2 purified from ophiophagus hannah (king cobra) venom on rat heart. | an acidic phospholipase a2 (ohv a-pla2) purified from ophiophagus hannah venom had a cardiotoxic action on rat heart. in rats ohv a-pla2 (2-4 mg/kg) caused ecg abnormalities including decreased heart rate, prolonged p-r interval, widened qrs complex and complete a-v block. when tested on isolated rat right atria, ohv a-pla2 (10-20 micrograms/ml) produced a positive chronotropic effect. when tested on isolated rat left atria or papillary muscle preparations, ohv a-pla2 (2.5-20 micrograms/ml) caus ... | 1993 | 8332993 |
| sequence characterization of a novel alpha-neurotoxin from the king cobra (ophiophagus hannah) venom. | several postsynaptic neurotoxins (alpha-neurotoxins) with distinct pharmacological and biochemical properties were isolated and purified from the king cobra venom (ophiophagus hannah) by employing sequentially preparative-scale cation-exchange chromatography on sp-sephadex c-25 coupled with gel filtration and reversed-phase hplc. the complete sequence of one neurotoxin was determined by n-terminal edman degradation with the automatic pulsed-liquid phase sequencer on some peptide fragments genera ... | 1993 | 8447823 |
| chemical modification of cationic groups of a novel alpha-neurotoxin (oh-4) from king cobra (ophiophagus hannah) venom. | the cationic groups of arginine and lysine residues in oh-4, a novel alpha-neurotoxin from king cobra (ophiophagus hannah) venom were subjected to modification with p-hydroxyphenylglyoxal (hpg) and trinitrobenzene sulfonate (tnbs), respectively. monoderivatization of arg-35, resulted in a drastic loss in neurotoxicity to 25% of the native toxin. the activity was decreased to a greater extent with the derivative extensively modified on arg-35, -9, and -37. the arg-35-modified derivative retained ... | 1995 | 8543562 |
| purification and characterization of a novel phospholipase a2 from king cobra (ophiophagus hannah) venom. | a novel phospholipase a2, designated as oh-de-2, was isolated from the venom of ophiophagus hannah (king cobra) by successive chromatography on sp-sephadex c-25, de-52, and q-sepharose columns. oh-de-2 with pi 5.1 showed an apparent molecular weight of 14 kd as revealed by sds-page and gel filtration. the amino acid sequence was homologous with those of pla2s from elapidae venoms. oh-de-2 was effectively inactivated by p-bromophenacyl bromide, indicating that the conserved his-48 is essential fo ... | 1995 | 8593185 |
| isolation and properties of a blood coagulation factor x activator from the venom of king cobra (ophiophagus hannah). | a specific blood coagulation factor x activator was purified from the venom of ophiophagus hannah by gel filtration and two steps of fplc mono-q column ion-exchange chromatography. it showed a single protein band both in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) and alkaline polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. the mol. wt was estimated to be 62,000 in non-reducing conditions and 64,500 in reducing conditions by sds-page. the isoelectric point was found to be ph 5.6. th ... | 1995 | 8599178 |
| pathological changes induced by an acidic phospholipase a2 from ophiophagus hannah venom on heart and skeletal muscle of mice after systemic injection. | an acidic phospholipase a2 (ohv a-pla2) isolated from the venom of the king cobra (ophiophagus hannah) was tested for its ability to cause pathological changes to myocardium, skeletal muscle and cardiac ganglia. white mice were injected intravenously with dose of 8 mg/kg or 4 mg/kg of ohv a-pla2 and tissue samples were taken at 6 or 24 hr. light microscopic examination failed to show significant changes in cardiac muscle and ganglia. skeletal muscle showed myofibre degeneration and necrosis. ele ... | 1996 | 8711754 |
| a novel analgesic toxin (hannalgesin) from the venom of king cobra (ophiophagus hannah). | the pharmacological effects of a purified neurotoxin from king cobra (ophiophagus hannah) venom were studied. using the hot-plate test, it is shown that this neurotoxin increased latency time dose-dependently when administered i.p. similar analgesic action was observed when it was administered p.o. or i.c.v. the rota-rod performance, which is a good index for neurological deficits including sedation, muscle relaxant and impairment of motor activity and coordination, was not significantly affecte ... | 1995 | 8744982 |
| chemical modification of cationic residues in toxin a from king cobra (ophiophagus hannah) venom. | the cationic groups of arginine and lysine residues in alpha-neurotoxin, toxin a, isolated from king cobra (ophiophagus hannah) venom were subjected to modification with trinitrobenzene sulfonate (tnbs) and p-hydroxyphenylglyoxal (hpg), respectively. the trinitrophenylated (tnp) derivatives of toxin a at lys-10, 56, or 71 showed approximately 25% residual lethality, and modifications on lys-10 and 56 or lys-10 and 50 resulted in a decrease of lethality by 84% and 86%, respectively. modifications ... | 1996 | 8838594 |
| complete amino acid sequence of an acidic, cardiotoxic phospholipase a2 from the venom of ophiophagus hannah (king cobra): a novel cobra venom enzyme with "pancreatic loop". | a phospholipase a2 (ohv a-pla2) from the venom of ophiophagus hannah (king cobra) is an acidic protein exhibiting cardiotoxicity, myotoxicity, and antiplatelet activity. the complete amino acid sequence of ohv a-pla2 has been determined using a combination of edman degradation and mass spectrometric techniques. ohv a-pla2 is composed of a single chain of 124 amino acid residues with 14 cysteines and a calculated molecular weight of 13719 da. it contains the loop of residues (62-66) found in panc ... | 1997 | 9028866 |
| solution structure of toxin b, a long neurotoxin from the venom of the king cobra (ophiophagus hannah). | the solution structure of toxin b, a long neurotoxin (73 amino acids and 5 disulfides) from the venom of ophiophagus hannah (king cobra), has been determined using 1h nmr and dynamical simulated annealing techniques. the structures were calculated using 485 distance constraints and 52 dihedral angle restraints. the 21 structures that were obtained satisfy the experimental restraints and possess good nonbonded contacts. analysis of the converged structures revealed that the protein consists of a ... | 1997 | 9065446 |
| sphaerechinorhynchus ophiograndis n. sp. (acanthocephala:plagiorhynchidae:sphaerechinorhynchinae), described from the intestine of a king cobra, ophiophagus hannah. | six acanthocephalan specimens of an undescribed species of sphaerechinorhynchus johnston and deland, 1929, were found attached to the mucosal surface of the proximal small intestine of a legally imported king cobra, ophiophagus hannali (cantor, 1836). these specimens are described as sphaerechinorhynchus ophiograndis n. sp., the third species of the genus from snakes native to the indo-australian region, and the second species described from adults in the king cobra. sphaerechinorhynchus ophiogr ... | 1997 | 9105309 |
| amino acid sequence and chemical modification of a novel alpha-neurotoxin (oh-5) from king cobra (ophiophagus hannah) venom. | a novel alpha-neurotoxin, oh-5, was isolated from king cobra (ophiophagus hannah) venom and purified by successive sp-sephadex c-25 column chromatography and reversed-phase hplc. the complete sequence of oh-5 was determined by edman degradation of peptide fragments generated by endopeptidases, i.e., trypsin, saccharomyces aureus v8 protease and lysyl endopeptidase. this novel toxin comprises 72 amino acid residues with 10 cysteines. the sequence shows 89% sequence homology with oh-4, and 60% wit ... | 1997 | 9163519 |
| characterization and cytotoxicity of l-amino acid oxidase from the venom of king cobra (ophiophagus hannah). | the aim of this project was to determine the cytotoxic components from the venom of king cobra, ophiophagus hannah. venom was purified by a combination of gel-filtration, ion-exchange and reversed-phase chromatographic steps. the biochemical properties of the cytotoxic component were consistent with those of l-amino acid oxidase. the molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be 150,000 by gel filtration and 70,000 under the denaturing conditions of sds-page, indicating a dimer. it has an i ... | 1997 | 9304806 |
| role of enzymatic activity in the antiplatelet effects of a phospholipase a2 from ophiophagus hannah snake venom. | a phospholipase a2 (ohv a-pla2) from the venom of ophiophagus hannah (king cobra) is an acidic protein exhibiting antiplatelet activity. in in vitro tests, ohv apla2 showed a marked inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation induced by adp, collagen and arachidonic acid in both human whole blood and platelet-rich plasma in a dose-dependent manner. the antiplatelet effects of ohv a-pla2 did not increase when preincubation times of platelets and ohv a-pla2 were prolonged indicating phospholipid hyd ... | 1997 | 9393940 |
| venomous snakebite in thailand. i: medically important snakes. | thailand has an abundance of venomous snakes. among the neurotoxic family elapidae, there are three species of the genus naja (cobras), three of the genus bungarus (kraits), and the king cobra of the genus ophiophagus. other elapidae snakes in thailand include sea snakes and asian coral snakes of the genus calliophis. they have potent venoms but rarely bite humans. tissue and hemotoxic snakes are represented by family viperidae, subfamilies viperinae and crotalinae. they remain an occupational h ... | 1998 | 9597848 |
| an experimental study on evaluation of chemical antagonists induced snake venom neutralization. | the present investigation explored the snake venom neutralizing capacity of four chemical compounds (2-hydroxy-4-methoxy benzoic acid, anisic acid, salicylic acid and aspirin) in experimental animals. the venoms of common indian snakes viper russellii, echis carinatus, naja kaouthia and ophiophagus hannah were taken to evaluate the lethal, haemorrhagic and defibrinogenation action neutralization. lethal action of venom was maximum neutralized with 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy benzoic acid and anisic acid ... | 1998 | 9599954 |
| the detection of hemorrhagic proteins in snake venoms using monoclonal antibodies against virginia opossum (didelphis virginiana) serum. | most snakes and a few warm-blooded animals have a resistance to snake venoms because of naturally occurring antihemorrhagins found in their sera. the antihemorrhagins in serum of virginia opossum (didelphis virginiana) neutralize hemorrhagic activity by binding to hemorrhagins in snake venoms. the binding characteristic of antihemorrhagins in d. virginiana serum was used to develop a five-step western blot. the detection of hemorrhagic proteins were measured indirectly with antihemorrhagins in v ... | 1998 | 9723843 |
| successful treatment of neurotoxic king cobra envenomation in myrtle beach, south carolina. | the growing trend toward the collection of exotic snakes by private collectors increases the likelihood that emergency physicians will face the challenge of treating an exotic envenomation. we report a case involving a professional reptile handler who sustained an extremity bite from a king cobra (ophiophagus hannah ). rapid, progressive neurotoxicity developed as manifested clinically by bulbar and respiratory paralysis requiring endotracheal intubation and mechanical support. after infusion of ... | 1998 | 9832672 |
| disulfide isomers of alpha-neurotoxins from king cobra (ophiophagus hannah) venom. | two novel alpha-neurotoxins, oh-6a and oh-6b, isolated from the king cobra (ophiophagus hannah) venom, consist of 70 amino acid residues with 10 cysteine residues and share the same amino acid sequences as determined by edman degradation on the peptide fragments generated from the proteolytic hydrolysates. their sequences share 46-53% homology with oh-4, oh-5, toxin a, and toxin b from the same venom. the finding that oh-6a and oh-6b had different retention times in the reversed-phase column sug ... | 1999 | 9920740 |
| development of reversed passive latex agglutination for detection of thai cobra (naja kaouthia) venom. | a simple, rapid, and sensitive diagnostic kit for detecting thai cobra (naja kaouthia) venom was developed using latex particles sensitized with venom specific immunoglobulin. the kit is capable of detecting 25-50 ng/ml of thai cobra venom. the capability was not affected by human plasma. specificity of the kit was proven using snake venoms from vipera russelli, calloselasma rhodostoma, trimeresurus albolabris, naja siamensis, ophiophagus hannah, and bungarus fasciatus. the diagnostic kit does n ... | 1999 | 10410332 |
| hannahpep: a novel fibrinolytic peptide from the indian king cobra (ophiophagus hannah) venom. | a novel fibrinolytic peptide (hannahpep) was isolated and purified from the venom of the indian king cobra (ophiophagus hannah) by thin-layer chromatography followed by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. the mw of the peptide was found to be 610 da and the amino acid sequence of hannahpep was determined to be arg, his, ala, arg, his, asp. hannahpep produced defibrinogenating activity in male albino mice. it exhibited significant fibrinolytic and fibrinogenolytic activity in vi ... | 1999 | 10600529 |
| differential contribution of the conserved tyrosine residues to activity and structural stability of ophiophagus hannah alpha-neurotoxins. | two alpha-neurotoxins, oh-4 and oh-7, from king cobra (ophiophagus hannah) venom were subjected to tyr modification with tetranitromethane. selective nitration of tyr4 in oh-4 caused a slight decrease in lethal toxicity of 11% and a decrease in nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nachr)-binding activity of 28%, whereas nitration of tyr4 in oh-7 resulted in an approximately equal 60% decrease in lethality and nachr-binding activity. when the tyr23 in oh-4 or tyr22 in oh-7 appears to be 'buried' in ... | 2000 | 10727106 |
| hemostatic disturbances observed in patients with snakebite in south china. | to investigate the hematological disorders after snakebite, we measured the maximum platelet aggregation rate (mar), antithrombin iii (at-iii) activity, alpha(2)-plasmin inhibitor (alpha(2)-pi) activity, concentration of fibrinogen (fg) and fibrin degradation products (fdp) in 25 samples from 17 patients with snakebite in south china. the results obtained in the patients before application of antivenom and patients with ophiophagus hannah (oh.) bite were as follows: (1) the mean mar values were ... | 2000 | 10758271 |
| occurrence of a unique protein toxin from the indian king cobra (ophiophagus hannah) venom. | a unique (lethal-cardiotoxic-hemorrhagic) protein toxin (toxin cm55) was isolated and purified from indian king cobra (ophiophagus hannah) venom by cm-sephadex ion exchange chromatography and reverse phase hplc. the purified toxin had an sds-molecular weight of 22 +/- 0.5 kd. uv absorption spectra of toxin cm55 showed a peak at 280 nm, whereas when excited at 280 nm fluorescence, toxin cm55 showed an e(max) at 333.4 nm. toxin cm55 had an ld(50) of 28.28 microg/20 g (i. v.) in albino mice. the ca ... | 2001 | 10978755 |
| hematological studies on dic-like findings observed in patients with snakebite in south china. | to clarify the characteristics of the hematological disturbances evoked by snakebite, we measured the antithrombin iii (at-iii) activity, alpha2-plasmin inhibitor (alpha2-pi) activity, fibrinogen concentration (fg) and level of fibrin degradation products (fdp) in 21 patients envenomed by several snakes in south china between august 1998 and october 1999. the hematological changes observed were as follows: the mean activities of at-iii were decreased in patients bitten by ophiophagus hannah (oh. ... | 2001 | 11223082 |
| development of a polymerase chain reaction to distinguish monocellate cobra (naja khouthia) bites from other common thai snake species, using both venom extracts and bite-site swabs. | a pcr technique was used in this study to identify and distinguish monocellate cobra snake bites using snake venoms and swab specimens from snake bite-sites in mice from bites by other common thai snakes. the sequences of nucleotide primers were selected for the cobrotoxin-encoding gene from the chinese cobra (naja atra) since the sequences of monocellate cobra (naja kaouthia) venom are still unknown. however, the 113-bp fragment of cdna of the cobrotoxin-encoding gene was detected in the monoce ... | 2001 | 11223099 |
| crystallization and preliminary x-ray analysis of cardiotoxic phospholipase a2 from ophiophagus hannah (king cobra). | an acidic phospholipase a2 exhibiting cardiotoxicity, myotoxicity and anti-platelet activity was isolated from ophiophagus hannah (king cobra) from guangxi, china. it contains an unusual 'pancreatic loop'. the enzyme was purified to homogeneity and crystallized using polyethylene glycol and ethylene glycol as precipitants. the crystal belongs to space group c2, with unit-cell parameters a = 117.92, b = 62.94, c = 57.16 a, beta = 100.93 degrees. diffraction data were collected to 2.6 a. | 2001 | 11320312 |
| purification and characterization of a chymotrypsin inhibitor from the venom of ophiophagus hannah (king cobra). | a chymotrypsin inhibitor from the venom of ophiophagus hannah was isolated by a combination of ion-exchange chromatography and reverse phase hplc. amino acid sequence analysis revealed that this protein consists of 58 amino acids, six of these being cysteine residues and is highly homologous to kunitz-type protease inhibitors. esi-mass spectrum showed that the protein had a mass of 6493, which is in agreement with that predicted from its primary structure. in contrast to p1 leu, met, phe, trp, a ... | 2001 | 11350064 |
| production of potent polyvalent antivenom against three elapid venoms using a low dose, low volume, multi-site immunization protocol. | the purpose of this study was to prepare a potent polyvalent antivenom against three elapids namely, the thai cobra (naja kaouthia, nk), the king cobra (ophiophagus hannah, oh) and the banded krait (bungarus fasciatus, bf). two groups of horses were immunized. group 1, comprising five horses, was immunized twice with a mixture of postsynaptic neurotoxins followed by an additional six immunizations with a mixture of crude venoms of the three elapids. group 2, comprising four horses, was immunized ... | 2001 | 11478956 |
| probing the structural diversities of long alpha-neurotoxins by fluorescence quenching studies. | trp fluorescence of ophiophagus hannah neurotoxins (oh-4, oh-6a, oh-7, and oh-8) and bungarus multicinctus (alpha-bungarotoxin was quenched by acrylamide and iodide. acrylamide quenching studies indicated that the degree of exposure of trp residues in the neurotoxins followed the order oh-8 > oh-7 > oh-6a > oh-4 > alpha-bungarotoxin, as did the accessibility for iodide. these results reveal that the exposed degree of trp residues and the microenvironment surrounding trp residues in the neurotoxi ... | 2001 | 11563691 |
| rickettsial phospholipase a2 as a pathogenic mechanism in a model of cell injury by typhus and spotted fever group rickettsiae. | phospholipase a2 activity by typhus group rickettsiae causes hemolysis in vitro. rickettsial phospholipase a2 has been proposed to mediate entry into the host cell, escape from the phagosome, and cause injury to host cells by both typhus and spotted fever group rickettsiae. in a rickettsial contact-associated cytotoxicity model, the interaction of rickettsia prowazekii or r. conorii with vero cells caused temperature-dependent release of 51cr from the cells. treatment of rickettsiae, but not the ... | 2001 | 11792002 |
| cloning and sequence analysis of cdnas encoding two acidic pla(2) from venom of ophiophagus hannah(king cobra), guangxi species. | total rna was extracted from venom glands of ophiophagus hannah, guangxi species. the cdnas encoding pla(2) were amplified by rt-pcr and cloned into the pucm-t vector. the positive clones encoding two acidic pla(2) (apla(2)-1 and apla(2)-2) were selected and bidirectionally sequenced. their complete amino acid sequences were deduced and found to be identical to the known amino acid sequences. their isoelectric points calculated by computer agreed with the values determined with their protein. ho ... | 2001 | 12050797 |
| purification and characterization of a neurotoxin from the venom of ophiophagus hannah (king cobra). | a neurotoxin, oh9-1, from the venom of ophiophagus hannah was isolated by a combination of ion-exchange chromatography and reverse phase hplc. amino acid sequence analysis revealed that oh9-1 consists of 57 amino acids and eight cysteine residues. this protein was mainly constituted with beta-sheet as evidenced by cd spectrum. oh9-1 inhibited carbachol-induced muscle contraction in an irreversible manner and the dose for achieving 50% inhibition was approximately fourfold that of alpha-bungaroto ... | 2002 | 12056805 |
| ophioluxin, a convulxin-like c-type lectin from ophiophagus hannah (king cobra) is a powerful platelet activator via glycoprotein vi. | ophioluxin, a potent platelet agonist, was purified from the venom of ophiophagus hannah (king cobra). under nonreducing conditions it has a mass of 85 kda, similar to convulxin, and on reduction gives two subunits with masses of 16 and 17 kda, slightly larger than those of convulxin. the n-terminal sequences of both subunits are very similar to those of convulxin and other c-type lectins. ophioluxin induces a pattern of tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins in platelets like that caused by convulxin ... | 2002 | 12130642 |
| three dimensional solution structure of neurotoxin cm-11 from the ophiophagus hannah. | the ophiophagus hannah (king cobra) neurotoxin cm-11 is a small protein with 72 amino acid residues. based on complete assignments of (1)h-nmr resonances and determination of secondary structures of cm-11, 349 distance and 27 dihedral angle constraints including 19 psi's and 8 xi (1)'s were collected from noesy and dqf-cosy, and the chemical stereospecific assignment of beta(1)h was partially achieved. twelve structures with lower energy were obtained via metric matrix distance geometry and refi ... | 1998 | 12174257 |
| hematology, morphology, cytochemical staining, and ultrastuctural characteristics of blood cells in king cobras (ophiophagus hannah). | king cobras (ophiophagus hannah) have been captive-bred at queen saovabha memorial institute since 1996 to supply venom for antivenom production. hematologic tests would be useful for evaluating the health of the snakes, however, basic hematologic data and morphology have not been described for this species. | 2002 | 12189597 |
| complete assignment of (1)h-nmr resonances of the king cobra neurotoxin cm-11. | the king cobra (ophiophagus hannah) neurotoxin cm-il is long-chain peptide with 72 amino acid residues. its complete assignment of (1)h-nmr resonances was obtained using various 2d-nmr technologies, including dqf-cosy, clean-tocsy and noesy. | 1997 | 12215781 |
| determination of the secondary structure of the king cobra neurotoxin cm-11. | the king cobra neurotoxin cm-11 is a small protein with 72 amino acid residues. after its complete assignments of (1)h-nmr resonance's were obtained using various 2d-nmr technologies, including dqf-cosy, clean-tocsy and noesy, the secondary structure was analysed by studying the various noes extracted from the noesy spectra and the distribution of chemical shifts. the secondary structure was finally determined by mcd as follows: a triple-strand antiparallel beta sheet with i20-w26, r37-a43 and v ... | 1997 | 12215791 |
| structure of a cardiotoxic phospholipase a(2) from ophiophagus hannah with the "pancreatic loop". | the crystal structure of an acidic phospholipase a(2) from ophiophagus hannah (king cobra) has been determined by molecular replacement at 2.6-a resolution to a crystallographic r factor of 20.5% (r(free)=23.3%) with reasonable stereochemistry. the venom enzyme contains an unusual "pancreatic loop." the conformation of the loop is well defined and different from those in pancreas pla(2), showing its structural variability. this analysis provides the first structure of a pla(2)-type cardiotoxin. ... | 2002 | 12217659 |
| cysteine proteinase inhibitors in elapid and hydrophiid snake venoms. | the ability of elapid and hydrophiid snake venoms to inhibit cathepsin l was tested. all nine species of elapid and three species of hydrophiid snake venoms tested showed inhibition against cathepsin l. all of these venoms tested also showed inhibition against papain as well as against cathepsin l. among these venoms, two elapid (laticauda semifasciata venom, and ophiophagus hannah venom) and one hydrophiid snake venom (notechis scutatus scutatus venom) showed strong inhibition against both cath ... | 2002 | 12220712 |
| a novel phospholipase a(2) from the venom glands of bungarus candidus: cloning and sequence-comparison. | the presence of phospholipase a(2) (pla(2)) in the venom of malayan krait (bungarus candidus) and its structure were studied. the pla(2) cdnas from the venom gland of b. candidus (indonesia origin) were amplified by the polymerase chain reactions (pcr) and cloned. the primers used were based on the cdna sequences of several homologous b. multicinctus venom pla(2)s. in addition to the a-chains of beta-bungarotoxins, a novel b. candidus pla(2) was cloned and its full amino acid sequence deduced. h ... | 2002 | 12220723 |
| preliminary crystallographic study of an acidic phospholipase a2 from ophiophagus hannah (king cobra). | an acidic phospholipase a(2) (oh apla(2)-ii) with an isoelectric point (pi) of 4.0 was recently isolated from ophiophagus hannah (king cobra) from guangxi province, china. comparison of this enzyme to a previously reported homologous phospholipase a(2) from the same venom shows that it lacks toxicity and exhibits a greater phospholipase activity. oh apla(2)-ii has been crystallized by the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method using 1,6-hexanediol and magnesium chloride as precipitants. the crysta ... | 2002 | 12351830 |
| shed king cobra and cobra skins as model membranes for in-vitro nicotine permeation studies. | shed king cobra skin (skcs) and shed cobra skin (scs) were investigated for use as barrier membranes, including some pre-hydration factors, for in-vitro nicotine permeation. inter-specimen variations in nicotine fluxes using shed snake skin were compared with those using human epidermis. nicotine in the form of 1% w/v aqueous buffer solution at ph 5 and transdermal patches (dose 14 mg day(-1)) were used. the nicotine fluxes across the shed snake skin were not significantly affected (p > 0.05) by ... | 2002 | 12396295 |
| wide distribution of cysteine-rich secretory proteins in snake venoms: isolation and cloning of novel snake venom cysteine-rich secretory proteins. | cysteine-rich secretory proteins (crisps) are found in epididymis and granules of mammals, and they are thought to function in sperm maturation and in the immune system. recently, we isolated and obtained clones for novel snake venom proteins that are classified as crisp family proteins. to elucidate the distribution of snake venom crisp family proteins, we evaluated a wide range of venoms for immuno-cross-reactivity. then we isolated, characterized, and cloned genes for three novel crisp family ... | 2003 | 12646276 |
| antihemorrhagin in the blood serum of king cobra (ophiophagus hannah): purification and characterization. | king cobra (ophiophagus hannah) serum was found to possess antihemorrhagic activity against king cobra hemorrhagin. the activity was stronger than that in commercial king cobra antivenom. an antihemorrhagin has been purified by ion exchange chromatography, affinity chromatography and gel filtration with a 22-fold purification and an overall yield of 12% of the total antihemorrhagic activity contained in crude serum. the purified antihemorrhagin was homogeneous in disc-page and sds-page. its appa ... | 2003 | 12875876 |
| structure of a king cobra phospholipase a2 determined from a hemihedrally twinned crystal. | an acidic pla(2) (oh apla(2)-ii) from the venom of ophiophagus hannah (king cobra) shows greater phospholipase a(2) activity and weaker cardiotoxic and myotoxic activity than a homologous acidic pla(2) from the same venom. the crystal of the enzyme belongs to space group p6(3). the crystals are invariably hemihedrally twinned, exhibiting perfect 622 laue symmetry. the structure was determined by molecular replacement and refined using a hemihedral twinning program at 2.1 a resolution. the final ... | 2003 | 12925787 |
| a lethal neurotoxic protein from indian king cobra (ophiophagus hannah) venom. | a lethal neurotoxin protein (toxin cm36) was isolated and purified from the indian king cobra (ophiophagus hannah) venom by cm-sephadex ion exchange chromatography and hplc. the purified toxin had a sds-molecular weight of 15 +/- 0.5 kd. the uv absorption spectra of toxin cm36 showed a peak at 280 nm and an emax at 343.8 nm, when excited at 280 nm fluorescence. toxin cm36 had an ld50 of 3.5 microg/20 g (i.v.) in male albino mice. it exhibited neurotoxicity and produced irreversible blockade of i ... | 2002 | 12974397 |
| purification and cloning of cysteine-rich proteins from trimeresurus jerdonii and naja atra venoms. | three 26 kda proteins, named as tj-crvp, na-crvp1 and na-crvp2, were isolated from the venoms of trimeresurus jerdonii and naja atra, respectively. the n-terminal sequences of tj-crvp and na-crvps were determined. these components were devoid of the enzymatic activities tested, such as phospholipase a(2), arginine esterase, proteolysis, l-amino acid oxidase, 5'nucleotidase, acetylcholinesterase. furthermore, these three components did not have the following biological activities: coagulant and a ... | 2003 | 14529736 |
| prey transport in "palatine-erecting" elapid snakes. | cobras and mambas are members of a group of elapid snakes supposedly united by the morphology and inferred behavior of their palatine bone during prey transport (palatine erectors). the palatine erectors investigated (dendroaspis polylepis, naja pallida, ophiophagus hannah, aspidelaps scutatus, a. lubricus) show differences in the morphology of their feeding apparatus that do not affect the overall behavior of the system. we delineated the structures directly involved in producing palatine erect ... | 2003 | 14584037 |
| immunogenicity of venoms from four common snakes in the south of vietnam and development of elisa kit for venom detection. | the antigenicity and antigenic relationship between venoms of four common snakes in the south of vietnam-trimeresurus popeorum, calloselasma rhodostoma, naja naja and ophiophagus hannah-were studied. most of venom components expressed antigenicity and produced high titre antivenoms. the venoms share common components and antivenoms cross-reacted along them. furthermore, cross-reactions were observed among non-common antigens, indicating that they share common epitopes. hence, using single compon ... | 2003 | 14604537 |
| optical immunoassay for snake venom detection. | a sensitive and specific optical immunoassay (oia) has been developed for snake venom detection. the assay is based on the principle of detection of physical changes in thickness of molecular thin film resulting from specific binding events on an optical silicon chip (silas-i, thermobiostar, colorado, usa). the reflection of white light through the thin film results in destructive interference of a particular wavelength of the light from gold to purple-blue depending on the thickness of the thin ... | 2004 | 15046761 |
| cloning and purification of alpha-neurotoxins from king cobra (ophiophagus hannah). | thirteen complete and three partial cdna sequences were cloned from the constructed king cobra (ophiophagus hannah) venom gland cdna library. phylogenetic analysis of nucleotide sequences of king cobra with those from other snake venoms revealed that obtained cdnas are highly homologous to snake venom alpha-neurotoxins. alignment of deduced mature peptide sequences of the obtained clones with those of other reported alpha-neurotoxins from the king cobra venom indicates that our obtained 16 clone ... | 2004 | 15302536 |
| ohanin, a novel protein from king cobra venom, induces hypolocomotion and hyperalgesia in mice. | we have identified, purified, and determined the complete amino acid sequence of a novel protein, ohanin from ophiophagus hannah (king cobra) venom. it is a small protein containing 107 amino acid residues with a molecular mass of 11951.47 +/- 0.67 da as assessed by electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry. it does not show similarity to any known families of snake venom proteins and hence is the first member of a new family of snake venom proteins. it shows similarity to pry and spry domain pr ... | 2005 | 15668253 |
| immunochemical and biochemical comparisons of equine monovalent and polyvalent snake antivenoms. | although the merit of polyvalent antivenoms is well-recognized, there is still doubt in some medical circles as to the relative efficacy and the propensity to cause adverse reactions of polyvalent (pav) as compared to monovalent (mav) antivenoms. immunochemical and biochemical comparisons of equine polyvalent and monovalent antivenoms prepared under the same immunization protocols were therefore made. these antivenoms were prepared against naja kaouthia (nk), ophiophagus hannah (oh) and bungarus ... | 2005 | 15683876 |
| dermatophilus chelonae in a king cobra (ophiophagus hannah). | a mass was removed from the left flank of a 10-yr-old male king cobra (ophiophagus hannah), and histologic examination revealed granulomatous dermatitis with intralesional gram-positive cocci and filamentous bacteria. fourteen months later, a histologically similar subcutaneous mass was removed from a different site. one year later, a large subcutaneous mass at the first surgical site was removed, and histopathologic examination revealed multiloculated granulomas with intralesional gram-positive ... | 2004 | 15732601 |
| cns and anticonvulsant activity of a non-protein toxin (kc-mmtx) isolated from king cobra (ophiophagus hannah) venom. | in the present study, king cobra (ophiophagus hannah) venom was subjected to tlc followed by column chromatography/hplc to isolate and purify a non-protein toxin designated as kc-mmtx. (1)h nmr, ir and eims studies showed kc-mmtx likely to be a 282 d unsaturated aliphatic acid having molecular formula c18h34o2. the minimum lethal dose of kc-mmtx was 200 microg/kg (i.v.) and 350 microg/kg (i.p.) in swiss albino male mice. it significantly increased pentobarbitone induced sleeping time and signifi ... | 2006 | 16457861 |
| ohanin, a novel protein from king cobra venom: its cdna and genomic organization. | ohanin, from king cobra venom, is a novel protein which induces hypolocomotion and hyperalgesia in mice [pung, y.f., wong, p.t.h., kumar, p.p., hodgson w.c., kini, r.m., 2005. ohanin, a novel protein from king cobra venom induces hypolocomotion and hyperalgesia in mice. j. biol. chem. 280, 13137-13147.]. it is weakly similar to pry-spry domains (b30.2-like domain). here we report the complete cdna and genomic organization of ohanin. interestingly, cdna sequence does not show significant sequence ... | 2006 | 16472942 |
| occurrence of non-protein low molecular weight cardiotoxin in indian king cobra (ophiophagus hannah) cantor 1836, venom. | pathophysiology due to snakebite is a combined effect of various actions of the complex venom constituents. importance of protein toxins in snake envenomation is well known. the present investigation reports the existence of nonprotein/nonpetide low molecular weight toxin in indian king cobra venom, which plays an important role in envenomation consequences in experimental animal models. a group of non-peptidic toxins (oh-npt1) was isolated from indian king cobra ophiophagus hannah by thin layer ... | 2006 | 16629369 |
| novel genes encoding six kinds of three-finger toxins in ophiophagus hannah (king cobra) and function characterization of two recombinant long-chain neurotoxins. | three-finger toxins are a family of low-molecular-mass toxins (<10 kda) having very similar three-dimensional structures. in the present study, 19 novel cdnas coding three-finger toxins were cloned from the venom gland of ophiophagus hannah (king cobra). alignment analysis showed that the putative peptides could be divided into six kinds of three-finger toxins: lntxs (long-chain neurotoxins), short-chain neurotoxins, cardiotoxins (ctxs), weak neurotoxins, muscarinic toxins and a toxin with a fre ... | 2006 | 16689684 |
| purification and characterization of ophiophagus hannah cytotoxin-like proteins. | three cytotoxin-like proteins from the venom of ophiophagus hannah were isolated by a combination of ion exchange chromatography and reverse phase hplc. amino acid sequence analysis revealed that these proteins all consisted of 63 amino acids and shared approximate 50% and 56% sequence identity with naja naja atra cardiotoxins and cardiotoxin-like basic proteins (clbps), respectively. cd spectra revealed that their secondary structure was dominated with beta-sheet as those noted with cardiotoxin ... | 2006 | 16899267 |
| disulfide isomerization and thiol-disulfide exchange of long neurotoxins from the venom of ophiophagus hannah. | selective reduction on the cys28-cys32 disulfide of ophiophagus hannah neurotoxins, oh-4 and oh-5, revealed that isomerization of this disulfide linkage caused the two toxins to have distinct conformation and different retention time on a reversed-phase column. the cys28-cys32 disulfide of oh-4 and oh-5 was prone to form mixed disulfides with glutathione following pseudo-first-order kinetics. in addition to glutathionylated proteins, oh-4 could be promoted to convert into oh-5 by thiol compounds ... | 2006 | 16962984 |
| distribution of low molecular weight platelet aggregation inhibitors from snake venoms. | an assay of platelet aggregation inhibitors measured by the turbidimeter using aggregometer pam 8c (mebanix) was performed after each crude snake venom (57 species) was subjected to ultrafiltration using millipore ufp 1 lgc. the snake venoms of viperidae (three species), elapidae (11 species), and hydrophiidae (two species) inhibited adp-induced rabbit platelet aggregation. in particular, six venoms of bitis gabonica, pseudocerastes persicus, dendroaspis angusticeps, d. polylepis, ophiophagus ha ... | 2007 | 17141819 |
| treatment of the first known case of king cobra envenomation in the united kingdom, complicated by severe anaphylaxis. | we report the first known case of envenomation following snake bite by a king cobra in the uk. the patient required tracheal intubation and ventilation. treatment with king cobra antivenom resulted in anaphylaxis (bronchospasm and hypotension), requiring adrenaline infusion. the patient's trachea was extubated 11 h after administration of antivenom. | 2007 | 17156231 |