| role of the nrf2-are pathway in perfluorooctanoic acid (pfoa)-induced hepatotoxicity in rana nigromaculata. | perfluorooctanoic acid (pfoa) is widely distributed in various environmental media and is toxic to organisms. this study demonstrated that pfoa induces hepatotoxicity in the frog and evaluated the role of cyp3a and the nrf2-are signaling pathway in regulating responses to pfoa-induced hepatotoxicity. rana nigromaculata were exposed to 0, 0.01, 0.1, 0.5, or 1 mg/l pfoa solutions in a static-renewal system for 14 days. liver tissue samples were collected 24 h after the last treatment. hepatic hist ... | 2018 | 29459119 |
| toxic effects of microcystin-lr on the reproductive system of male rana nigromaculata in vitro. | this study aims to demonstrate that microcystin-lr (mc-lr) has toxic effects on the reproductive system of male rana nigromaculata in vitro. r. nigromaculata were treated with 0, 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 nmol/l of mc-lr for 6 h. results show that exposure to 1 nmol/l to 100 nmol/l of mc-lr decreased sperm motility and number of sperm cells and increased the sperm abnormality rate, whose values were significantly different from those of the control (p<0.01). moreover, the same dosage of mc-lr increase ... | 2013 | 23084047 |
| isolation of microsatellite markers for pelophylax nigromaculata and a tentative application in detecting interspecific introgression. | twenty-seven microsatellite markers were obtained from the black-spotted frog, pelophylax nigromaculata,using the fiasco (fast isolation by aflp of sequences containing repeats) protocol. genotyping of 60 individuals showed that the number of alleles ranged from 4 to 25 with an average of 12.78 alleles per locus. the observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.137 to 0.956 and 0.594 to 0.948, with averages of 0.531 and 0.809, respectively. many of these loci were successfully cross-ampl ... | 2012 | 22967873 |
| distributional change and epidemic introgression in overlapping areas of japanese pond frog species over 30 years. | pelophylax nigromaculatus, p. porosus porosus, and p. p. brevipoda are three pond frog species distributed in japan. their distributions overlap at two basins in central japan (p. nigromaculatus and p. p. porosus in the matsumoto basin, and p. nigromaculatus and p. p. brevipoda in the ina basin), and hybrid descendants have been found in these areas. to clarify the distribution areas and hybrid zones of the frogs, and to understand the mode of introgressive hybridization and its impact on the fr ... | 2012 | 22639804 |
| fv3-like ranavirus infection outbreak in black-spotted pond frogs (rana nigromaculata) in china. | in april 2016, an outbreak emerged in a cultured population of black-spotted pond frog tadpoles in shuangliu county, china, whereas tadpoles were suffering from substantial mortality (90%). principal clinical signs of diseased tadpoles were comprised haemorrhage on their body surface, swollen abdomen with yellow ascites, congestion and swelling of the liver. the diseased tadpole's homogenates tissue were inoculated into epithelioma papulosum cyprini (epc) cells at 25 °c for 4 days which caused t ... | 2018 | 29986839 |
| effects of water management, connectivity, and surrounding land use on habitat use by frogs in rice paddies in japan. | in japan, rice paddies play an important role as a substitute habitat for wetland species, and support rich indigenous ecosystems. however, since the 1950s, agricultural modernization has altered the rice paddy environment, and many previously common species are now endangered. it is urgently necessary to evaluate rice paddies as habitats for conservation. among the species living in rice paddies, frogs are representative and are good indicator species, so we focused on frog species and analyzed ... | 2012 | 22943781 |
| measurements of three-dimensional refractive index tomography and membrane deformability of live erythrocytes from pelophylax nigromaculatus. | unlike mammalian erythrocytes, amphibian erythrocytes have distinct morphological features including large cell sizes and the presence of nuclei. the sizes of the cytoplasm and nuclei of erythrocytes vary significantly over different species, their environments, or pathophysiology, which makes hematological studies important for investigating amphibian species. here, we present a label-free three-dimensional optical quantification of individual amphibian erythrocytes from frogs pelophylax nigrom ... | 2018 | 29907826 |
| effects of mclr exposure on sex hormone synthesis and reproduction-related genes expression of testis in male rana nigromaculata. | microcystin-leucine-arginine (mclr) is the most popular and toxic variant among microcystins, which can cause severe reproductive toxicity to animals. however, the mechanisms of reproductive toxicity induced by mclr in amphibians are still not entirely clear. in the current study, toxicity mechanisms of mclr on the reproductive system of male rana nigromaculata followed by low concentration (0, 0.1, 1, and 10 μg/l) and short-term (0, 7, and 14 days) mclr exposure were shown. it was observed that ... | 2018 | 29414332 |
| decay and in vitro maturation of ovarian eggs in rana nigromaculata and bufo asiaticus. | | 1947 | 20256058 |
| the origin of invasion of an alien frog species in tibet, china. | identifying the origins of alien species has important implications for effectively controlling the spread of alien species. the black-spotted frog pelophylax nigromaculatus, originally from east asia, has become an alien species on the tibetan plateau (tp). in this study, we collected 300 individuals of p. nigromaculatus from 13 native regions and 2 invasive regions (including nyingchi and lhasa) on the tp. to identify the source region of the tp introductions, we sequenced portions of the mito ... | 2017 | 29492022 |
| anti-predator defences of a bombardier beetle: is bombing essential for successful escape from frogs? | some animals, such as the bombardier beetles (coleoptera: carabidae: brachinini), have evolved chemical defences against predators. when attacked, bombardier beetles can discharge noxious chemicals at temperatures of approximately 100 °c from the tip of their abdomens, "bombing" their attackers. although many studies to date have investigated how bombardier beetles discharge defensive chemicals against predators, relatively little research has examined how predators modify their attacks on bomba ... | 2018 | 30533294 |
| enantioselective toxic effects of cyproconazole enantiomers against rana nigromaculata. | the environmental contaminant, especially pesticides, threatened the amphibian population. in this assay, the enantioselective behavior of cyproconazole on rana nigromaculata was studied. we found lc50 (lethal concentration causing 50% mortality) of 4-enantiomers was nearly twice as 3-enantiomers in 96 h acute toxicity test. besides, the significant considerable variation of oxidative stress and ldh (lactic dehydrogenase) induced by the four enantiomers indicated that cyproconazole could enantio ... | 2018 | 30408870 |
| effects of triclosan on gonadal differentiation and development in the frog pelophylax nigromaculatus. | previous studies have reported that triclosan (tcs) could possess an androgenic activity. we aimed to investigate the effects of tcs on gonadal differentiation and development in the frog pelophylax nigromaculatus, a sensitive amphibian species to androgenic chemicals. p. nigromaculatus tadpoles at stage 24 were exposed to tcs (3, 30, and 300nmol/l) to stage 46 in a semi-static exposure system. at the end of exposure, gonadal morphology and histology, sex ratio and gonadal expression of sex-bias ... | 2018 | 29478635 |
| candidate animal disease model of elizabethkingia spp. infection in humans, based on the systematic pathology and oxidative damage caused by e. miricola in pelophylax nigromaculatus. | most species of the genus elizabethkingia are pathogenic to humans and animals, most commonly causing meningitis. however, our understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms involved is poor and there have been few pathological studies of elizabethkingia spp. in animals. to understand the host injury induced by elizabethkingia spp., we established a model of e. miricola infection in the black-spotted frog (pelophylax nigromaculatus). the systematic pathology in and oxidative damage in the infection ... | 2019 | 31641424 |
| motilin- and ghrelin-induced contractions in isolated gastrointestinal strips from three species of frogs. | ghrelin (ghrl) and motilin (mln), gut peptides isolated from the mucosa of the stomach and duodenum, respectively, stimulate gastrointestinal (gi) motility in mammals and birds. however, the functions of mln and ghrl in amphibian gi tracts have not been examined in detail. to clarify the regulation of gi motility by the two peptides, the effects of human mln and rat ghrl on contractility of isolated gi strips from three species of frogs, the black-spotted pond frog (pond frog; pelophylax nigroma ... | 2020 | 33153968 |
| toxicity of venom from the mamushi, gloydius blomhoffii, (squamata, crotalinae) to centipedes. | vipers include approximately 300 species and usually feed on vertebrates, but over 30 species of them occasionally eat centipedes. centipedes have been also known to occur in stomach contents of a japanese pit viper, mamushi, gloydius blomhoffii. toxicity of the venom of mamushi to small mammals has been well studied, but there is no information concerning its toxicity to arthropods. here, we studied the toxicity of the raw venom to the red-headed centipede, scolopendra subspinipes mutilans, by ... | 2020 | 33039367 |