Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| rho flares repair local tight junction leaks. | tight junctions contribute to epithelial barrier function by selectively regulating the quantity and type of molecules that cross the paracellular barrier. experimental approaches to evaluate the effectiveness of tight junctions are typically global, tissue-scale measures. here, we introduce zinc-based ultrasensitive microscopic barrier assay (znumba), which we used in xenopus laevis embryos to visualize short-lived, local breaches in epithelial barrier function. these breaches, or leaks, occur ... | 2019 | 30773490 |
| activity and intracellular localization of senescence-associated β-galactosidase in aging xenopus oocytes and eggs. | senescence-associated β-galactosidase (sa-β-gal) serves as a marker of senescence in aging somatic cells. however, little is known about sa-β-gal dynamics in aging gamete cells. to address this issue, here we investigated activity and intracellular localization of sa-β-gal in freshly obtained and aging oocytes and eggs of the african clawed frog xenopus laevis. data base mining revealed the presence of several homologous β-galactosidase sequences in the annotated xenopus genome. some of them wer ... | 2019 | 30769028 |
| on the mechanism of the electrophysiological changes and membrane lesions induced by asbestos fiber exposure in xenopus laevis oocytes. | the so-called amphibole asbestos fibers are enriched with mineral iron ions, able to stimulate ros production. we recently reported that crocidolite asbestos was able to interact with the cell membranes of xenopus laevis oocytes, to alter their electrical membrane properties. here, we found that applied iron ions (fe3+) or h2o2 (for ros generation) mimicked these effects, suggesting that at least one effect of iron-containing asbestos fiber exposure was mediated by ros production. furthermore, c ... | 2019 | 30765791 |
| wgddetector: a pipeline for detecting whole genome duplication events using the genome or transcriptome annotations. | with the availability of well-assembled genomes of a growing number of organisms, identifying the bioinformatic basis of whole genome duplication (wgd) is a growing field of genomics. the most extant software for detecting footprints of wgds has been restricted to a well-assembled genome. however, the massive poor quality genomes and the more accessible transcriptomes have been largely ignored, and in theoretically they are also likely to contribute to detect wgd using ds based method. here, to ... | 2019 | 30760221 |
| various nuclear reprogramming systems using egg and oocyte materials. | maternal factors stored in eggs and oocytes are necessary for reprogramming sperm for embryonic development. this reprogramming activity of maternal factors also works towards somatic cells, including terminally differentiated cells. several different experimental systems utilizing egg and oocyte materials have been applied to study nuclear reprogramming by maternal factors. among these systems, the most widely used is the transfer of a somatic cell nucleus to an oocyte arrested at the metaphase ... | 2019 | 30745498 |
| pymetrozine activates trpv channels of brown planthopper nilaparvata lugens. | the commercial insecticide pymetrozine has been extensively used for brown planthopper control in east asia. the transient receptor potential vanilloid (trpv) channel, which consists of two proteins, nanchung (nan) and inactive (iav), has recently been shown to be the molecular target of pymetrozine in the fruit fly (drosophila melanogaster) and pea aphid (acyrthosiphon pisum). in this study, we characterized the nan and iav trpv channel subunits of n. lugens and measured the action of pymetrozi ... | 2019 | 30744899 |
| jaburetox, a natural insecticide derived from jack bean urease, activates voltage-gated sodium channels to modulate insect behavior. | jaburetox (jbtx) is an insecticidal peptide derived from canavalia ensiformis urease, whose mechanism of action is not completely elucidated. we employed behavioral, electromyographical and electrophysiological protocols to identify the cellular and molecular targets involved in the jbtx entomotoxicity in cockroaches and locusts. in nauphoeta cinerea, jbtx (32 μg/g) altered the locomotory behaviour inducing a significative decrease in the distance travelled followed by a significant increase in ... | 2019 | 30744898 |
| gene expression program underlying tail resorption during thyroid hormone-dependent metamorphosis of the ornamented pygmy frog microhyla fissipes. | thyroid hormone (t3) is essential for vertebrate development, especially during the so-called postembryonic development, a period around birth in mammals when plasma t3 level peaks and many organs mature into their adult form. compared to embryogenesis, postembryonic development is poorly studied in mammals largely because of the difficulty to manipulate the uterus-enclosed embryos and neonates. amphibian metamorphosis is independent of maternal influence and can be easily manipulated for molecu ... | 2019 | 30740088 |
| generation of xenopus haploid, triploid, and hybrid embryos. | frog species of the genus xenopus are widely used for studies of cell and developmental biology, and recent genome sequencing has revealed interesting phylogenetic relationships. here we describe methods to generate haploid, triploid, and hybrid species starting from eggs and sperm of xenopus laevis and xenopus tropicalis that enable investigation of how genome size and content affect physiology at the organismal, cellular, and subcellular levels. | 2019 | 30737699 |
| methods for isolating the balbiani body/germplasm from xenopus laevis oocytes. | the balbiani body (bb) is a large membrane-less organelle, densely packed with mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, proteins, and rna. the bb is present in many vertebrate female gametes. in frogs, the bb is established early during oogenesis and operates as a maternal inherited embryonic determinant that specifies germline identity through the formation of germplasm. we describe here two techniques to isolate the bb/germplasm from xenopus laevis primary oocytes. | 2019 | 30737696 |
| membrane microdomains as platform to study membrane-associated events during oogenesis, meiotic maturation, and fertilization in xenopus laevis. | studies on the egg plasma membrane-associated tyrosine kinase src have shed light on the identity of the molecular machinery that is responsible for gamete interaction and possibly fusion in african clawed frog xenopus laevis. here we describe our protocol for identifying and analyzing molecular and cellular machinery that contributes to a variety of biological processes in the course of oogenesis, oocyte maturation, egg fertilization, and early embryogenesis in xenopus. our current special inte ... | 2019 | 30737686 |
| reconstitution of intracellular calcium signaling in xenopus egg extracts. | generation of calcium signal in the cytoplasm of fertilized or parthenogenetically activated eggs has been extensively studied in the intact eggs of several biological species. calcium transient was found to elicit a plethora of biochemical and cellular events in these cells. remarkably, intracellular calcium signaling can also be reconstituted in cell-free environment. in this chapter, we describe the methods that allow reconstitution, detection, and quantification of the calcium signal in cell ... | 2019 | 30737685 |
| imatinib uptake into cells is not mediated by organic cation transporters oct1, oct2, or oct3, but is influenced by extracellular ph. | cancer cells undergo genetic and environmental changes that can alter cellular disposition of drugs, notably by alterations of transmembrane drug transporters expression. whether the influx organic cation transporter 1 (oct1) encoded by the gene slc221a1 is implicated in the cellular uptake of imatinib is still controversial. besides, imatinib ionization state may be modulated by the hypoxic acidic surrounding extracellular microenvironment. | 2019 | 30734690 |
| comparison the sensitivity of amphibian metamorphosis assays with nf 48 stage and nf 51 stage xenopus laevis tadpoles. | the amphibian metamorphosis assay (ama) was proposed by the organization for economic cooperation and development (oecd) to screen thyroid disruptors of vertebrate species. the general experimental design of the ama exposes nieuwkoop and faber (nf) stage 51 xenopus laevis tadpoles to test chemical concentrations for 21 d. however, recent studies demonstrated that thyroid gland began to function after nf stage 45 in x. laevis. thus, in this study, we initiated exposure with nf stage 48 tadpoles w ... | 2019 | 30732517 |
| using xenopus laevis oocytes to functionally characterize plant transporters. | functionally characterizing plant membrane transport proteins is challenging. typically, heterologous systems are used to study them. immature eggs (oocytes) of the south african clawed frog xenopus laevis are considered an ideal expression system for such studies. these large oocytes have a low number of endogenous transport systems in their plasma membranes and highly express foreign mrna; the oocyte plasma membrane is the default destination of integral membrane proteins that lack recognized ... | 2019 | 30707001 |
| anillin regulates epithelial cell mechanics by structuring the medial-apical actomyosin network. | cellular forces sculpt organisms during development, while misregulation of cellular mechanics can promote disease. here, we investigate how the actomyosin scaffold protein anillin contributes to epithelial mechanics in xenopus laevis embryos. increased mechanosensitive recruitment of vinculin to cell-cell junctions when anillin is overexpressed suggested that anillin promotes junctional tension. however, junctional laser ablation unexpectedly showed that junctions recoil faster when anillin is ... | 2019 | 30702429 |
| erratum: skin grafting in xenopus laevis: a technique for assessing development and immunological disparity. | 2019 | 31371466 | |
| jmjd6a regulates gsk3β rna splicing in xenopus laevis eye development. | it has been suggested that jmjd6 plays an important role in gene regulation through its demethylation or hydroxylation activity on histone and transcription factors. in addition, jmjd6 has been shown to regulate rna splicing by interaction with splicing factors. in this study, we demonstrated that jmjd6a is expressed in developing xenopus laevis eye during optic vesicle formation and retinal layer differentiation stages. knockdown of jmjd6a by an antisense morpholino resulted in eye malformation ... | 2019 | 31361752 |
| identification of the catechin uptake transporter responsible for intestinal absorption of epigallocatechin gallate in mice. | many studies have shown that epigallocatechin gallate (egcg) contribute to the health benefits of green tea, although its bioavailability is usually low. however, the mechanism underlying its intestinal absorption remains unclear. in human subjects, it has been reported that the bioavailability of egcg increases after repeated oral catechin intake. we hypothesized that a certain uptake transporter was involved in this increase, and investigated a novel egcg transporter. we first confirmed the in ... | 2019 | 31358798 |
| maldi-imaging of early stage xenopus laevis embryos. | xenopus laevis is an important model organism for vertebrate development. an extensive literature has developed on changes in transcript expression during development of this organism, and there is a growing literature on the corresponding protein expression changes during development. in contrast, there is very little information on changes in metabolite expression during development. we present the first maldi mass-spectrometry images of metabolites within the developing embryo. these images w ... | 2019 | 31357275 |
| encephalopathies with kcnc1 variants: genotype-phenotype-functional correlations. | to analyze clinical phenotypes associated with kcnc1 variants other than the progressive myoclonus epilepsy-causing variant p.arg320his, determine the electrophysiological functional impact of identified variants and explore genotype-phenotype-physiological correlations. | 2019 | 31353855 |
| spatial analysis of reck, mt1-mmp, and timp-2 proteins during early xenopus laevis development. | proper cell-cell and cell-ecm interactions are vital for cell migration and patterning of the vertebrate embryo. mmps and their inhibitors, reck and timps, are all differentially expressed during embryogenesis to regulate such ecm remodeling and cell interactions. mt1-mmp, reck, and timp-2 are unique amongst other ecm-regulating proteins as they act in the pericellular space. past studies have shown that reck and timp-2 interact with mt1-mmp on the cell surface, thereby influencing cell behaviou ... | 2019 | 31352120 |
| embryogenesis of marsupial frogs (hemiphractidae), and the changes that accompany terrestrial development in frogs. | the developmental adaptations of the marsupial frogs gastrotheca riobambae and flectonotus pygmaeus (hemiphractidae) are described and compared with frogs belonging to seven additional families. incubation of embryos by the mother in marsupial frogs is associated with changes in the anatomy and physiology of the female, modifications of oogenesis, and extraordinary changes in embryonic development. the comparison of early development reveals that gene expression is highly conserved. however, the ... | 2019 | 31598865 |
| identification of crucial residues in α-conotoxin ei inhibiting muscle nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. | α-conotoxins (α-ctxs) are small disulfide-rich peptides from venom of conus species that target nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nachrs). the muscle-type nachrs have been recognized as a potential target for several diseases, such as myogenic disorders, muscle dystrophies, and myasthenia gravis. ei, an α4/7-ctx, mainly blocks α1β1δε nachrs and has an extra n-terminal extension of three amino acids. in this study, the alanine scanning (ala-scan) mutagenesis was applied in order to identify key ... | 2019 | 31623211 |
| popdc3 gene variants associate with a new form of limb girdle muscular dystrophy. | the popeye domain containing 3 (popdc3) gene encodes a membrane protein involved in cyclic adenosine monophosphate (camp) signaling. besides gastric cancer, no disease association has been described. we describe a new muscular dystrophy associated with this gene. | 2019 | 31610034 |
| xenopus laevis as a bioindicator of endocrine disruptors in the region of central chile. | one of the direct causes of biodiversity loss is environmental pollution resulting from the use of chemicals. different kinds of chemicals, such as persistent organic pollutants and some heavy metals, can be endocrine disruptors, which act at low doses over a long period of time and have a negative effect on the reproductive and thyroid system in vertebrates worldwide. research on the effects of endocrine disruptors and the use of bioindicators in neotropical ecosystems where pressure on biodive ... | 2019 | 31422435 |
| changes in ca2+ removal can mask the effects of geometry during ip3r mediated ca2+ signals. | calcium (ca2+) signals are ubiquitous. most intracellular ca2+ signals involve the release of ca2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum (er) through inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (ip3rs). the non-uniform spatial organization of ip3rs and the fact that their individual openings are coupled via cytosolic ca2+ are key factors for the variety of spatio-temporal distributions of the cytosolic [ca2+] and the versatility of the signals. in this paper we combine experiments performed in untreated and ... | 2019 | 31417423 |
| gaining insights in the nutritional metabolism of amphibians: analyzing body nutrient profiles of the african clawed frog, xenopus laevis. | whole bodies of xenopus laevis (n = 19) were analysed for chemical composition and morphometrics. the nutrient profile (macronutrients, amino acids, fatty acids and minerals) was evaluated by sex; interactions among variables with body weights and lengths, and comparisons made with different species of marine and fresh water fish. significant differences were found in morphometric measurements, water content, several minerals and fatty acids between sexes of x. laevis. amino acid profiles differ ... | 2019 | 31410305 |
| novel vectors for functional interrogation of xenopus orfeome coding sequences. | the current xenopus orfeome contains ~10,250 validated, full-length cdna sequences without stop codons from xenopus laevis and ~3,970 from xenopus tropicalis cloned into gateway-compatible entry vectors. to increase the utility of the orfeome, we have constructed the gateway-compatible destination vectors pdxtp and pdxtr, which in combination can control the spatial and temporal expression of any open reading frame (orf). pdxtp receives a promoter/enhancer of interest, which controls the spatial ... | 2019 | 31403250 |
| comparative embryonic spatio-temporal expression profile map of the xenopus p2x receptor family. | p2x receptors are atp-gated cations channels formed by the homo or hetero-trimeric association from the seven cloned subunits (p2x1-7). p2x receptors are widely distributed in different organs and cell types throughout the body including the nervous system and are involved in a large variety of physiological but also pathological processes in adult mammals. however, their expression and function during embryogenesis remain poorly understood. here, we report the cloning and the comparative expres ... | 2019 | 31402854 |
| radiographic and ultrasonographic appearance of pneumonia in a frog. | a 12-year-old female african clawed frog (xenopus laevis) displayed lethargy and anorexia for 1 week. radiographs detected a moderately reduced volume of aerated lung with lobulated margins with the left lung predominantly affected. transcelomic ultrasound revealed marked consolidation of the left lung. postmortem examination confirmed suppurative and histiocytic pneumonia, worse in the left lung, caused by mycobacterium chelonae. given that amphibian pulmonary consolidation and celomic effusion ... | 2019 | 31392794 |
| evolution of cis-regulatory modules for the head organizer gene goosecoid in chordates: comparisons between branchiostoma and xenopus. | in cephalochordates (amphioxus), the notochord runs along the dorsal to the anterior tip of the body. in contrast, the vertebrate head is formed anterior to the notochord, as a result of head organizer formation in anterior mesoderm during early development. a key gene for the vertebrate head organizer, goosecoid (gsc), is broadly expressed in the dorsal mesoderm of amphioxus gastrula. amphioxus gsc expression subsequently becomes restricted to the posterior notochord from the early neurula. thi ... | 2019 | 31388442 |
| stereoselective anti-cancer activities of ginsenoside rg3 on triple negative breast cancer cell models. | ginsenoside rg3 (rg3) has two epimers, 20(s)-ginsenoside rg3 (srg3) and 20(r)-ginsenoside rg3 (rrg3), and while rg3 itself has been reported to have anti-cancer properties, few studies have been reported on the anti-cancer effects of the different epimers. the aim was to investigate the stereoselective effects of the rg3 epimers on triple negative breast cancer (tnbc) cell lines, tested using cell-based assays for proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, migration and invasion. molecular doc ... | 2019 | 31374984 |
| allocation trade-offs impact organ size and muscle architecture in an invasive population of xenopus laevis in western france. | invasive species are a global scourge and often negatively impact native species. understanding the expansion and dispersal limits of these species is essential. as previous studies have demonstrated increased locomotor performance for populations at the edge of the range of expanding populations, studies of locomotion including the anatomical and physiological traits underlying dispersal capacity are of interest. we focus here on an invasive population of xenopus laevis introduced in france nea ... | 2019 | 31373390 |
| bile acids inhibit human purinergic receptor p2x4 in a heterologous expression system. | we recently demonstrated that bile acids, especially tauro-deoxycholic acid (t-dca), modify the function of the acid-sensing ion channel asic1a and other members of the epithelial sodium channel (enac)/degenerin (deg) ion channel family. surprisingly, asic1 shares a high degree of structural similarity with the purinergic receptor p2x4, a nonselective cation channel transiently activated by atp. p2x4 is abundantly expressed in the apical membrane of bile duct epithelial cells and is therefore ex ... | 2019 | 30988062 |
| pacap-38 and pacap(6-38) degranulate rat meningeal mast cells via the orphan mrgb3-receptor. | infusion of pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide-38 (pacap-38) provokes migraine attacks in migraineurs and headache in non-migraineurs. adverse events like long-lasting flushing and heat sensation can be terminated with oral antihistamine treatment, indicating the involvement of mast cell activation after pacap-infusion. degranulation of rat peritoneal mast cells was provoked by several isoforms of pacap via previously unknown receptor pharmacology. the effect might thus be mediated e ... | 2019 | 30983973 |
| molecular markers for corneal epithelial cells in larval vs. adult xenopus frogs. | corneal epithelial stem cells (cescs) and their proliferative progeny, the transit amplifying cells (tacs), are responsible for maintaining the integrity and transparency of the cornea. these stem cells (scs) are widely used in corneal transplants and ocular surface reconstruction. molecular markers are essential to identify, isolate and enrich for these cells, yet no definitive cesc marker has been established. an extensive literature survey shows variability in the expression of putative cesc ... | 2019 | 30981716 |
| molecular and functional characterization of a short-type peptidoglycan recognition protein, pgrp-s in the amphibian xenopus laevis. | peptidoglycan recognition proteins (pgrps) are a family of pattern recognition receptors (prrs) involved in host antibacterial responses, and their functions have been characterized in most invertebrate and vertebrate animals. however, little information is available regarding the function of frog pgrps. in this study, a short-type pgrp (termed xl-pgrp-s) gene was identified in the african clawed frog, xenopus laevis. the predicted protein of xl-pgrp-s contains several structural features known ... | 2019 | 30980872 |
| loss of function of kmt2d, a gene mutated in kabuki syndrome, affects heart development in xenopus laevis. | kabuki syndrome is a haploinsufficient congenital multi-organ malformation syndrome, which frequently includes severe heart defects. mutations in the histone h3k4 methyltransferase kmt2d have been identified as the main cause of kabuki syndrome, however, the role of kmt2d in heart development remains to be characterized. | 2019 | 30980591 |
| antimicrobial peptides of multicellular organisms: my perspective. | antimicrobial peptides of multicellular organisms were first characterized in the 1980s by investigators who felt that known systems of immunity could not explain what they observed: the resistance to bacterial infection of a cecropia moth pupa lacking antibodies or lymphocytes (cecropins (steiner 1981)), the potent microbicidal activity of neutrophils from a rabbit (defensins (selsted et al. 1985)), and the healing of a wound on the skin of the african clawed frog without infection in a non-ste ... | 2019 | 30980349 |
| mitotic replisome disassembly depends on traip ubiquitin ligase activity. | we have shown previously that the process of replication machinery (replisome) disassembly at the termination of dna replication forks in the s-phase is driven through polyubiquitylation of one of the replicative helicase subunits (mcm7) by cul2lrr1 ubiquitin ligase. interestingly, upon inhibition of this pathway in caenorhabditis elegans embryos, the replisomes retained on chromatin were unloaded in the subsequent mitosis. here, we show that this mitotic replisome disassembly pathway exists in ... | 2019 | 30979826 |
| evaluation of cyclic luciferin as a substrate for luminescence measurements in in vitro and in vivo applications. | bioluminescence imaging (bli) is a powerful tool for cell tracking, monitoring of gene delivery and expression in small laboratory animals. an alternative luciferase (luc) substrate cyclic luciferin (cycluc) was recently advanced for bli applications as providing a stronger, more stable signal at significantly lower doses than the classical substrate d-luciferin (d-luc) increasing sensitivity of luc detection 10 to 100 times. we evaluated benefits of using cycluc in in vivo studies in mice injec ... | 2019 | 30979501 |
| in vivo and in vitro quantitative analysis of neural crest cell migration. | the neural crest is an embryonic cell population induced at the border of the neural plate from where it delaminates and migrates long distances across the embryo. due to its extraordinary migratory capabilities, the neural crest has become a powerful system to study cellular and molecular aspects of collective and single cell migration both in vivo and in vitro. here we provide detailed protocols used to perform quantitative analysis of molecular and cellular aspects of xenopus laevis neural cr ... | 2019 | 30977071 |
| hybrid-type and two-tetrad antiparallel telomere dna g-quadruplex structures in living human cells. | although the telomeric sequence has been reported to form various g-quadruplex topologies in vitro and in xenopus laevis oocytes, in living human cells, the topology of telomeric dna g-quadruplex remains a challenge. to investigate the human telomeric dna g-quadruplex in a more realistic human cell environment, in the present study, we demonstrated that the telomeric dna sequence can form two hybrid-type and two-tetrad antiparallel g-quadruplex structures by in-cell 19f nmr in living human cells ... | 2019 | 30976813 |
| autophagy in xenopus laevis rod photoreceptors is independently regulated by phototransduction and misfolded rhop23h. | we previously reported autophagic structures in rod photoreceptors expressing a misfolding rho (rhodopsin) mutant (rhop23h), suggesting that autophagy may play a role in degrading the mutant rho and/or be involved in photoreceptor cell death. to further examine autophagy in normal and diseased rods, we generated transgenic xenopus laevis tadpoles expressing the dually fluorescent autophagy marker mrfp-egfp-lc3 in rods, which changes from green to yellow and finally red as autophagic structures d ... | 2019 | 30975014 |
| optoelectronic control of single cells using organic photocapacitors. | optical control of the electrophysiology of single cells can be a powerful tool for biomedical research and technology. here, we report organic electrolytic photocapacitors (oepcs), devices that function as extracellular capacitive electrodes for stimulating cells. oepcs consist of transparent conductor layers covered with a donor-acceptor bilayer of organic photoconductors. this device produces an open-circuit voltage in a physiological solution of 330 mv upon illumination using light in a tiss ... | 2019 | 30972364 |
| thermal reduction of graphene oxide mitigates its in vivo genotoxicity toward xenopus laevis tadpoles. | the worldwide increase of graphene family materials raises the question of the potential consequences resulting from their release in the environment and future consequences on ecosystem health, especially in the aquatic environment in which they are likely to accumulate. thus, there is a need to evaluate the biological and ecological risk but also to find innovative solutions leading to the production of safer materials. this work focuses on the evaluation of functional group-safety relationshi ... | 2019 | 30970633 |
| n-glycosylation-dependent regulation of hk2p17.1 currents. | two pore-domain potassium (k2p) channels mediate potassium background currents that stabilize the resting membrane potential and facilitate action potential repolarization. in the human heart, hk2p17.1 channels are predominantly expressed in the atria and purkinje cells. reduced atrial hk2p17.1 protein levels were described in patients with atrial fibrillation or heart failure. genetic alterations in hk2p17.1 were associated with cardiac conduction disorders. little is known about posttranslatio ... | 2019 | 30969900 |
| modeling congenital kidney diseases in xenopus laevis. | congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (cakut) occur in ∼1/500 live births and are a leading cause of pediatric kidney failure. with an average wait time of 3-5 years for a kidney transplant, the need is high for the development of new strategies aimed at reducing the incidence of cakut and preserving renal function. next-generation sequencing has uncovered a significant number of putative causal genes, but a simple and efficient model system to examine the function of cakut genes ... | 2019 | 30967415 |
| critical role of an mhc class i-like/innate-like t cell immune surveillance system in host defense against ranavirus (frog virus 3) infection. | besides the central role of classical major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class ia-restricted conventional cluster of differentiation 8 (cd8) t cells in antiviral host immune response, the amphibian xenopuslaevis critically rely on mhc class i-like (mhc1b10.1.l or xnc10)-restricted innate-like (i)t cells (ivα6 t cells) to control infection by the ranavirus frog virus 3 (fv3). to complement and extend our previous reverse genetic studies showing that ivα6 t cells are required for tadpole survi ... | 2019 | 30959883 |
| is normalized hindlimb length measurement in assessment of thyroid disruption in the amphibian metamorphosis assay relevant? | the amphibian metamorphosis assay represents an oecd level 3 and edsp tier 1 ecotoxicity test assessing thyroid activity of chemicals in african clawed frog (xenopus laevis). to evaluate the effectiveness of snout-vent length (svl) normalization of hindlimb length (hll), correlation between the hll and svl or body weight was evaluated in the control groups of 10 individual studies from three laboratories. two studies required separate analysis of the nieuwkoop-faber (nf) stage ≤60 and >60 animal ... | 2019 | 30957914 |
| nacl-induced csrci2e and csrci2f interact with aquaporin cspip2;1 to reduce water transport in camelina sativa l. | rare cold-inducible 2 (rci2) proteins are small hydrophobic proteins that are known to be localized in cellular membranes. the function of rci2 proteins has been reported to be associated with low-temperature, salt, and drought stress tolerances as a membrane potential regulator; however, the specific functions are still unknown. the pip2 (plasma membrane intrinsic protein 2) aquaporins are proteins that transport water and small solutes into the cell. the expression and activity of pip2 protein ... | 2019 | 30954220 |
| functional and structural analysis of rare slc2a2 variants associated with fanconi-bickel syndrome and metabolic traits. | deleterious variants in slc2a2 cause fanconi-bickel syndrome (fbs), a glycogen storage disorder, whereas less common variants in slc2a2 associate with numerous metabolic diseases. phenotypic heterogeneity in fbs has been observed, but its causes remain unknown. our goal was to functionally characterize rare slc2a2 variants found in fbs and metabolic disease-associated variants to understand the impact of these variants on glut2 activity and expression and establish genotype-phenotype correlation ... | 2019 | 30950137 |
| gpcr-independent activation of g proteins promotes apical cell constriction in vivo. | heterotrimeric g proteins are signaling switches that control organismal morphogenesis across metazoans. in invertebrates, specific gpcrs instruct g proteins to promote collective apical cell constriction in the context of epithelial tissue morphogenesis. in contrast, tissue-specific factors that instruct g proteins during analogous processes in vertebrates are largely unknown. here, we show that daple, a non-gpcr protein linked to human neurodevelopmental disorders, is expressed specifically in ... | 2019 | 30948426 |
| pyrophosphate stimulates the phosphate-sodium symporter of trypanosoma brucei acidocalcisomes and saccharomyces cerevisiae vacuoles. | inorganic pyrophosphate (ppi) is a by-product of biosynthetic reactions and has bioenergetic and regulatory roles in a variety of cells. here we show that ppi and other pyrophosphate-containing compounds, including polyphosphate (polyp), can stimulate sodium-dependent depolarization of the membrane potential and pi conductance in xenopus oocytes expressing a saccharomyces cerevisiae or trypanosoma brucei na+/pi symporter. ppi is not taken up by xenopus oocytes, and deletion of the tbpho91 spx do ... | 2019 | 30944211 |
| new roles for wnt and bmp signaling in neural anteroposterior patterning. | during amphibian development, neural patterning occurs via a two-step process. spemann's organizer secretes bmp antagonists that induce anterior neural tissue. a subsequent caudalizing step re-specifies anterior fated cells to posterior fates such as hindbrain and spinal cord. the neural patterning paradigm suggests that a canonical wnt-signaling gradient acts along the anteroposterior axis to pattern the nervous system. wnt activity is highest in the posterior, inducing spinal cord, at intermed ... | 2019 | 30936121 |
| desmoplakin is required for epidermal integrity and morphogenesis in the xenopus laevis embryo. | desmoplakin (dsp) is a unique and critical desmosomal protein, that is integral to epidermal development. however, it is unclear whether this protein is required specifically for epidermal morphogenesis. using morpholinos or crispr/cas9 mutagenesis we decreased the function of dsp in frog embryos to better understand its role during epidermal development. dsp morphant and mutant embryos had developmental defects such as epidermal fragility that mimicked what has been reported in mammals. most im ... | 2019 | 30935896 |
| identification and functional characterization of the chloride channel gene, gsclc-c2 from wild soybean. | the anionic toxicity of plants under salt stress is mainly caused by chloride (cl-). thus cl- influx, transport and their regulatory mechanisms should be one of the most important aspects of plant salt tolerance studies, but are often sidelined by the focus on sodium (na+) toxicity and its associated adaptations. plant chloride channels (clcs) are transport proteins for anions including cl- and nitrate (no3-), and are critical for nutrition uptake and transport, adjustment of cellular turgor, st ... | 2019 | 30935372 |
| induction of a spindle-assembly-competent m phase in xenopus egg extracts. | normal mitotic spindle assembly is a prerequisite for faithful chromosome segregation and unperturbed cell-cycle progression. precise functioning of the spindle machinery relies on conserved architectural features, such as focused poles, chromosome alignment at the metaphase plate, and proper spindle length. these morphological requirements can be achieved only within a compositionally distinct cytoplasm that results from cell-cycle-dependent regulation of specific protein levels and specific po ... | 2019 | 30930041 |
| trace, machine learning of signal images for trace-sensitive mass spectrometry: a case study from single-cell metabolomics. | recent developments in high-resolution mass spectrometry (hrms) technology enabled ultrasensitive detection of proteins, peptides, and metabolites in limited amounts of samples, even single cells. however, extraction of trace-abundance signals from complex data sets ( m/ z value, separation time, signal abundance) that result from ultrasensitive studies requires improved data processing algorithms. to bridge this gap, we here developed "trace", a software framework that incorporates machine lear ... | 2019 | 30929422 |
| recovery of the xenopus laevis heart from ros-induced stress utilizes conserved pathways of cardiac regeneration. | urodele amphibians and some fish are capable of regenerating up to a quarter of their heart tissue after cardiac injury. while many anuran amphibians like xenopus laevis are not capable of such feats, they are able to repair lesser levels of cardiac damage, such as that caused by oxidative stress, to a far greater degree than mammals. using an optogenetic stress induction model that utilizes the protein killerred, we have investigated the extent to which mechanisms of cardiac regeneration are co ... | 2019 | 30924142 |
| ursodeoxycholic acid inhibits uptake and vasoconstrictor effects of taurocholate in human placenta. | intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (icp) causes increased transfer of maternal bile acids to the fetus and an increased incidence of sudden fetal death. treatment includes ursodeoxycholic acid (udca), but it is not clear if udca protects the fetus. this study explores the placental transport of the bile acid taurocholate (tc) by the organic anion-transporting polypeptide, (oatp)4a1, its effects on the placental proteome and vascular function, and how these are modified by udca. various method ... | 2019 | 30922127 |
| latrophilin2 is involved in neural crest cell migration and placode patterning in xenopus laevis. | latrophilin2 (lphn2) is an adhesion-class of g protein-coupled receptor with an unknown function in development. here, we show that xenopus laevis lphn2 (xlphn2) is involved in the migration and differentiation of neural crest (nc) cells and placode patterning in xenopus laevis embryos. although xlphn2 mrna was detected throughout embryogenesis, it was expressed more abundantly in the placode region. morpholino antisense oligonucleotide-mediated knockdown of xlphn2 caused abnormal migration of n ... | 2019 | 30919913 |
| regulation of na+-k+-cl- cotransporter type 2 by the with no lysine kinase-dependent signaling pathway. | na+-k+-cl- cotransporter type 2 (nkcc2) is confined to the apical membrane of the thick ascending limb of henle, where it reabsorbs a substantial fraction of the ultrafiltered nacl load. it is expressed along this nephron segment as three main splice variants (called nkcc2a, nkcc2b, and nkcc2f) that differ in residue composition along their second transmembrane domain and first intracellular cytosolic connecting segment (cs2). nkcc2 is known to be activated by cell shrinkage and intracellular [c ... | 2019 | 30917032 |
| agr2-interacting prod1-like protein tfp4 from xenopus laevis is necessary for early forebrain and eye development as well as for the tadpole appendage regeneration. | the agr family genes, ag1, agr2, and agr3, encode for the thioredoxin domain containing secreted proteins and are specific only for vertebrates. these proteins are attracting increasing attention due to their involvement in many physiological and pathological processes, including exocrine secretion, cancer, regeneration of the body appendages, and the early brain development. at the same time, the mode by which agrs regulate intracellular processes are poorly understood. despite that the recepto ... | 2019 | 30912273 |
| xmap215 promotes microtubule-f-actin interactions to regulate growth cone microtubules during axon guidance in xenopuslaevis. | it has long been established that neuronal growth cone navigation depends on changes in microtubule (mt) and f-actin architecture downstream of guidance cues. however, the mechanisms by which mts and f-actin are dually coordinated remain a fundamentally unresolved question. here, we report that the well-characterized mt polymerase, xmap215 (also known as ckap5), plays an important role in mediating mt-f-actin interaction within the growth cone. we demonstrate that xmap215 regulates mt-f-actin al ... | 2019 | 30890650 |
| a microarray-based comparative analysis of gene expression profiles in thyroid glands in amphibian metamorphosis: differences in effects between chemical exposure and food restriction. | tadpoles during metamorphosis are sensitive to chemical exposure as shown in the amphibian metamorphosis assay, which is a method to detect effects of chemicals on the functions of hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis. the present study reports existence of different modes of action between pyriproxyfen (pyr) and 6-propyl-2-thiouracil (ptu) under different feeding conditions based on gene expression profiles (transcriptomics) in the thyroid glands of tadpoles of the african clawed frog, xenopus l ... | 2019 | 30883854 |
| effect of nucleosome assembly on alkylation by a dynamic electrophile. | quinone methides are reactive electrophiles that are generated during metabolism of various drugs, natural products, and food additives. their chemical properties and cellular effects have been described previously, and now their response to packaging dna in a nucleosome core is described. a model bisquinone methide precursor (bisqmp) was selected based on its ability to form reversible adducts with guanine n7 that allow for their redistribution and transfer after quinone methide regeneration. a ... | 2019 | 30882212 |
| αd-conotoxins in species of the eastern pacific: the case of conus princeps from mexico. | conus snails produce venoms containing numerous peptides such as the α-conotoxins (α-ctxs), which are well-known nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nachr) antagonists. thirty-eight chromatographic fractions from conus princeps venom extract were isolated by rp-hplc. the biological activities of 37 fractions (0.07 µg/µl) were assayed by two-electrode voltage clamp on human α7 nachrs expressed in xenopus laevis oocytes. fractions f7 and f16 notably inhibited the response elicited by acetylcholine b ... | 2019 | 31336928 |
| reference gene validation for quantitative real-time pcr studies in amphibian kidney-derived a6 epithelial cells. | quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction is a widely used technique that relies on reference genes for the normalisation of gene expression. these reference genes are constitutively expressed and must remain stable across all samples and treatments. stability of housekeeping genes may vary and must be optimised for a specific tissue, sample or cell line. here we present a study screening for possible reference gene candidates, eef1a1, rpl8, sub1.l, clta, h4 and odc1, in the xenopus laevi ... | 2019 | 31333044 |
| involvement of g-quadruplex regions in mammalian replication origin activity. | genome-wide studies of dna replication origins revealed that origins preferentially associate with an origin g-rich repeated element (ogre), potentially forming g-quadruplexes (g4). here, we functionally address their requirements for dna replication initiation in a series of independent approaches. deletion of the ogre/g4 sequence strongly decreased the corresponding origin activity. conversely, the insertion of an ogre/g4 element created a new replication origin. this element also promoted rep ... | 2019 | 31332171 |
| na3 glycan: a potential therapy for retinal pigment epithelial deficiency. | atrophic age-related macular degeneration (amd) is the most common type of amd, yet there is no united states food and drug administration (fda)-approved therapy. this disease is characterized by retinal pigment epithelial (rpe) insufficiency, primarily in the macula, which affects the structure and physiology of photoreceptors and ultimately, visual function. in this study, we evaluated the protective effects of a naturally derived small molecule glycan therapeutic-asialo-, tri-antennary comple ... | 2019 | 31322324 |
| structure, development, and functional morphology of the cement gland of the giant danio, devario malabaricus. | aquatic species in several clades possess cement glands producing adhesive secretions of various strengths. in vertebrates, transient adhesive organs have been extensively studied in xenopus laevis, other anurans, and in several fish species. however, the development of these structures is not fully understood. | 2019 | 31310039 |
| evaluating the role of fish as surrogates for amphibians in pesticide ecological risk assessment. | ecological risk of chemicals to aquatic-phase amphibians has historically been evaluated by comparing estimated environmental concentrations in surface water to surrogate toxicity data from fish species. despite their obvious similarities, there are biological disparities among fish and amphibians that could affect their exposure and response to chemicals. given the alarming decline in amphibians, in which anthropogenic pollutants play at least some role, investigating the risk of chemicals to a ... | 2019 | 31299708 |
| the many faces of xenopus: xenopus laevis as a model system to study wolf-hirschhorn syndrome. | wolf-hirschhorn syndrome (whs) is a rare developmental disorder characterized by intellectual disability and various physical malformations including craniofacial, skeletal, and cardiac defects. these phenotypes, as they involve structures that are derived from the cranial neural crest, suggest that whs may be associated with abnormalities in neural crest cell (ncc) migration. this syndrome is linked with assorted mutations on the short arm of chromosome 4, most notably the microdeletion of a cr ... | 2019 | 31297068 |
| phosphomimetic substitution at ser-33 of the chloroquine resistance transporter pfcrt reconstitutes drug responses in plasmodium falciparum. | the chloroquine resistance transporter pfcrt of the human malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum confers resistance to the former first-line antimalarial drug chloroquine, and it modulates the responsiveness to a wide range of quinoline and quinoline-like compounds. pfcrt is post-translationally modified by phosphorylation, palmitoylation, and, possibly, ubiquitination. however, the impact of these post-translational modifications on p. falciparum biology and, in particular, the drug resistance- ... | 2019 | 31285265 |
| assessing predator-prey interactions in a chemically altered aquatic environment: the effects of ddt on xenopus laevis and culex sp. larvae interactions and behaviour. | behavioural assays are used as a tool to understand ecotoxicological effects on organisms, but are often not applied in an ecologically relevant context. assessment of the effect of chemical contaminants on behaviours relating to fitness and trophic interactions for example, requires incorporating predator-prey interactions to create impact assessments. dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (ddt) is a controlled substance but is still regularly used as a form of mosquito control. there is little expli ... | 2019 | 31278447 |
| effects of cis-bifenthrin enantiomers on the growth, behavioral, biomarkers of oxidative damage and bioaccumulation in xenopus laevis. | chirality should be taken into consideration when assessing the effect of synthetic pyrethroids to aquatic environmental safety. in our study, 96 h acute toxicity assay showed that enantiomers of cis-bf had an addictive effect of toxicity on xenopus laevis and r-cis-bifenthrin(r-cis-bf) had higher acute toxicity than s-cis-bf. in chronic assay, r-cis-bf exerted more toxic effect on behavior and development of tadpoles than s-cis-bf, and there was also enantioselective effect of cis-bf on antioxi ... | 2019 | 31276910 |
| neuroendocrine modulation of predator avoidance/prey capture tradeoffs: role of tectal npy2r receptors. | the optic tectum rapidly inhibits food intake when a visual threat is present. anatomical and electrophysiological evidence support a role for neuropeptide y (npy), originating from cells in the thalamus, in the tectal inhibition of prey capture. here we test the hypothesis that tectal npy receptor type 2 (npy2r) influences prey-capture and predator-avoidance responses in the african clawed frog, xenopus laevis. we tested two questions: 1) does tectal npy administration decrease food intake and ... | 2019 | 31271760 |
| impact of 4-aminopyridine on vestibulo-ocular reflex performance. | vestibulo-ocular reflexes (vor) are mediated by frequency-tuned pathways that separately transform the different dynamic and static aspects of head motion/position-related sensory signals into extraocular motor commands. voltage-dependent potassium conductances such as those formed by kv1.1 are important for the ability of vor circuit elements to encode highly transient motion components. here we describe the impact of the kv1.1 channel blocker 4-aminopyridine (4-ap) on spontaneous and motion-ev ... | 2019 | 31270663 |
| impacts of the synthetic androgen trenbolone on gonad differentiation and development - comparisons between three deeply diverged anuran families. | using a recently developed approach for testing endocrine disruptive chemicals (edcs) in amphibians, comprising synchronized tadpole exposure plus genetic and histological sexing of metamorphs in a flow-through-system, we tested the effects of 17β-trenbolone (tb), a widely used growth promoter in cattle farming, in three deeply diverged anuran families: the amphibian model species xenopus laevis (pipidae) and the non-models bufo(tes) viridis (bufonidae) and hyla arborea (hylidae). trenbolone was ... | 2019 | 31270347 |
| developmentally regulated gtp-binding protein 1 modulates ciliogenesis via an interaction with dishevelled. | cilia are critical for proper embryonic development and maintaining homeostasis. although extensively studied, there are still significant gaps regarding the proteins involved in regulating ciliogenesis. using the xenopus laevis embryo, we show that dishevelled (dvl), a key wnt signaling scaffold that is critical to proper ciliogenesis, interacts with drg1 (developmentally regulated gtp-binding protein 1). the loss of drg1 or disruption of the interaction with dvl reduces the length and number o ... | 2019 | 31270137 |
| phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (pip2) and ca2+ are both required to open the cl- channel tmem16a. | transmembrane member 16a (tmem16a) is a widely expressed ca2+-activated cl- channel with various physiological functions ranging from mucosal secretion to regulating smooth muscle contraction. understanding how tmem16a controls these physiological processes and how its dysregulation may cause disease requires a detailed understanding of how cellular processes and second messengers alter tmem16a channel gating. here we assessed the regulation of tmem16a gating by recording ca2+-evoked cl- current ... | 2019 | 31266809 |
| dyrk1a-related intellectual disability: a syndrome associated with congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract. | haploinsufficiency of dyrk1a causes a recognizable clinical syndrome. the goal of this paper is to investigate congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (cakut) and genital defects (gd) in patients with dyrk1a variants. | 2019 | 31263215 |
| functional characterization of smn evolution in mouse models of sma. | spinal muscular atrophy (sma) is a monogenic neurodegenerative disorder and the leading genetic cause of infantile mortality. while several functions have been ascribed to the smn (survival motor neuron) protein, their specific contribution to the disease has yet to be fully elucidated. we hypothesized that some, but not all, smn homologues would rescue the sma phenotype in mouse models, thereby identifying disease-relevant domains. using aav9 to deliver smn homologs to sma mice, we identified a ... | 2019 | 31263170 |
| comparative analysis of p4ha1 and p4ha2 expression during xenopus laevis development. | collagen prolyl 4-hydroxylases (c-p4hs) are evolutionary conserved enzymes whose activity is essential for the correct folding of stable triple helical molecules of collagen and collagen-like proteins. they play crucial roles in embryo development, connective tissue functional organization, tumor growth and metastasis. despite the important function of these enzymes, little is known about their expression during vertebrate development. in this study, we determine and compare the previously undes ... | 2019 | 31250915 |
| transcriptome analysis of regeneration during xenopus laevis experimental twinning. | animal embryos have the remarkable property of self-organization. over 125 years ago, hans driesch separated the two blastomeres of sea urchin embryos and obtained twins, in what was the foundation of experimental embryology. since then, embryonic twinning has been obtained experimentally in many animals. in a recent study, we developed bisection methods that generate identical twins reliably from xenopus blastula embryos. in the present study, we have investigated the transcriptome of regenerat ... | 2019 | 31250914 |
| data demonstrating distinct embryonic developmental defects induced by bisphenol a alternatives. | embryos of xenopus laevis (african clawed frog) were exposed to the widespread environmental plasticizers bisphenol af (bpaf; 0.003-3 μm), bisphenol a (bpa; 1-50 μm), or 17β-estradiol (e2; 10 μm) from just after fertilization through 96 hours of development. the potencies and cellular and morphological effects were compared across chemical treatments and controls. the embryos were staged, counted and imaged, and time-lapse movies collected, on an inverted stereomicroscope and camera. the data sh ... | 2019 | 31249853 |
| an extracellular acidic cleft confers profound h+-sensitivity to epithelial sodium channels containing the δ-subunit in xenopus laevis. | the limited sodium availability of freshwater and terrestrial environments was a major physiological challenge during vertebrate evolution. the epithelial sodium channel (enac) is present in the apical membrane of sodium-absorbing vertebrate epithelia and evolved as part of a machinery for efficient sodium conservation. enac belongs to the degenerin/enac protein family and is the only member that opens without an external stimulus. we hypothesized that enac evolved from a proton-activated sodium ... | 2019 | 31248986 |
| commentary on classic paper "gimlich, r.l., gerhart, j.c., 1984. early cellular interactions promote embryonic axis formation in xenopus laevis. dev biol 104, 117-130." | 2019 | 31235010 | |
| catalyst-free click pegylation reveals substantial mitochondrial atp synthase sub-unit alpha oxidation before and after fertilisation. | using non-reducing western blotting to assess protein thiol redox state is challenging because most reduced and oxidised forms migrate at the same molecular weight and are, therefore, indistinguishable. while copper catalysed click chemistry can be used to ligate a polyethylene glycol (peg) moiety termed click pegylation to mass shift the reduced or oxidised form as desired, the potential for copper catalysed auto-oxidation is problematic. here we define a catalyst-free trans-cyclooctene-methylt ... | 2019 | 31234016 |
| cardiotoxicity in african clawed frog (xenopus laevis) sub-chronically exposed to environmentally relevant atrazine concentrations: implications for species survival. | the toxic effects of different atrazine concentrations on tadpoles and adult male african clawed frogs (xenopus laevis) were assessed in a controlled laboratory environment following 90 days' exposure. the aim was to elucidate the danger of atrazine exposure on the cardiac tissue relative to its critical function of rhythmic contractility, fundamental for optimal blood circulation and homeostasis. tadpoles and adult frogs were exposed to 0 μg/l (control), 0.01 μg l-1, 200 μg l-1 and 500 μg l-1 c ... | 2019 | 31203168 |
| peia-5466: a novel peptide antagonist containing non-natural amino acids that selectively targets α3β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. | pharmacologically distinguishing α3β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nachrs) from closely related subtypes, particularly α6β2, has been challenging due to the lack of subtype-selective ligands. we created analogs of α-conotoxin (α-ctx) peia to identify ligand-receptor interactions that could be exploited to selectively increase potency and selectivity for α3β2 nachrs. a series of peia analogs were synthesized by replacing amino acid residues in the second disulfide loop with standard or nons ... | 2019 | 31194549 |
| single cell proteomics by data-independent acquisition to study embryonic asymmetry in xenopus laevis. | techniques that allow single cell analysis are gaining widespread attention, and most of these studies utilize genomics-based approaches. while nanofluidic technologies have enabled mass spectrometric analysis of single cells, these measurements have been limited to metabolomics and lipidomic studies. single cell proteomics has the potential to improve our understanding of intercellular heterogeneity. however, this approach has faced challenges including limited sample availability, as well as a ... | 2019 | 31194517 |
| injection of mrna isolated from trophozoites of giardia intestinalis induces expression of three types of chloride currents in xenopus laevis oocytes. | giardia lamblia is one of the most important worldwide causes of intestinal infections, yet little is known about its cellular physiology, especially the diversity of ionic channels that this parasite expresses. in this work, we show that injection of mrna isolated from trophozoites of giardia, into xenopus laevis oocytes, induces expression of three types of chloride currents (here referred to as icl-g1, icl-g2, and icl-g3), which have different biophysical and pharmacological properties. icl-g ... | 2019 | 31187589 |
| the effect of xenopus laevis egg extracts with/without brg1 on the development of preimplantation cloned mouse embryos. | summarymuch effort has been devoted to improving the efficiency of animal cloning. the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of brg1 contained in xenopus egg extracts on the development of cloned mouse embryos. the results showed that mouse nih/3t3 cells were able to express pluripotent genes after treatment with egg extracts, indicating that the egg extracts contained reprogramming factors. after co-injection of xenopus egg extracts and single mouse cumulus cells into enucleated mouse ... | 2019 | 31182178 |
| dspe-peg modification of α-conotoxin txid. | in order to improve stability of a peptide marine drug lead, α-conotoxin txid, we synthesized and modified txid at the n-terminal with dspe-peg-nhs by a nucleophilic substitution reaction to prepare the dspe-peg-txid for the first time. the reaction conditions, including solvent, ratio, ph, and reaction time, were optimized systematically and the optimal one was reacted in dimethyl formamide at ph 8.2 with triethylamine at room temperature for 120 h. the in vitro stabilities in serum, simulated ... | 2019 | 31181805 |
| ecotoxicity of nanomaterials in amphibians: a critical review. | nanomaterials (nms) have been used in a growing number of commercial products, and their rapid expansion could lead to their release into the aquatic environments. however, there is limited knowledge about the impact of nms in the biota, especially the amphibians. the present study revised the historical use of amphibian species as a model system for nanoecotoxicological studies and summarized the data available in the scientific literature about the genotoxic, mutagenic, histopathological, embr ... | 2019 | 31181520 |
| disassembly of actin and keratin networks by aurora b kinase at the midplane of cleaving xenopus laevis eggs. | the large length scale of xenopus laevis eggs facilitates observation of bulk cytoplasm dynamics far from the cortex during cytokinesis. the first furrow ingresses through the egg midplane, which is demarcated by chromosomal passenger complex (cpc) localized on microtubule bundles at the boundary between asters. using an extract system, we found that local kinase activity of the aurora b kinase (aurkb) subunit of the cpc caused disassembly of f-actin and keratin between asters and local softenin ... | 2019 | 31178324 |
| organic anion-transporting polypeptide 1a4-mediated heterogeneous distribution of sulforhodamine-101 in rat hepatic lobules. | it has been known that organic anion-transporting polypeptides (oatps) involve hepatic transports several organic anionic compounds and drugs. this study aimed to investigate sulforhodamine-101 (sr-101) distribution in the rat liver, determine the molecules responsible for the distribution, and delineate the manner of distribution. after intravenous sr-101 administration, its distribution in frozen rat hepatic sections was examined. sr-101-derived signals were detected in regions around the hepa ... | 2019 | 31174976 |