Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| whole-cell photoacoustic sensor based on pigment relocalization. | photoacoustic (optoacoustic) imaging can extract molecular information with deeper tissue penetration than possible by fluorescence microscopy techniques. however, there is currently still a lack of robust genetically controlled contrast agents and molecular sensors that can dynamically detect biological analytes of interest with photoacoustics. in a biomimetic approach, we took inspiration from cuttlefish who can change their color by relocalizing pigment-filled organelles in so-called chromato ... | 2019 | 30663315 |
| broad applicability of a streamlined ethyl cinnamate-based clearing procedure. | turbidity and opaqueness are inherent properties of tissues that limit the capacity to acquire microscopic images through large tissues. creating a uniform refractive index, known as tissue clearing, overcomes most of these issues. these methods have enabled researchers to image large and complex 3d structures with unprecedented depth and resolution. however, tissue clearing has been adopted to a limited extent due to a combination of cost, time, complexity of existing methods and potential nega ... | 2019 | 30665888 |
| effect of the flavonoid hesperidin on glucose and fructose transport, sucrase activity and glycaemic response to orange juice in a crossover trial on healthy volunteers. | although polyphenols inhibit glucose absorption and transport in vitro, it is uncertain whether this activity is sufficient to attenuate glycaemic response in vivo. we examined this using orange juice, which contains high levels of hesperidin. we first used a combination of in vitro assays to evaluate the potential effect of hesperidin and other orange juice components on intestinal sugar absorption and then tested whether this translated to an effect in healthy volunteers. hesperidin attenuated ... | 2019 | 30670104 |
| non-acylated wnts can promote signaling. | wnts are a family of 19 extracellular ligands that regulate cell fate, proliferation, and migration during metazoan embryogenesis and throughout adulthood. wnts are acylated post-translationally at a conserved serine and bind the extracellular cysteine-rich domain (crd) of frizzled (fzd) seven-pass transmembrane receptors. although crystal structures suggest that acylation is essential for wnt binding to fzds, we show here that several wnts can promote signaling in xenopus laevis and danio rerio ... | 2019 | 30673610 |
| oscillating aquaporin phosphorylation and 14-3-3 proteins mediate the circadian regulation of leaf hydraulics. | the circadian clock regulates plant tissue hydraulics to synchronize water supply with environmental cycles and thereby optimize growth. the circadian fluctuations in aquaporin transcript abundance suggest that aquaporin water channels play a role in these processes. here, we show that hydraulic conductivity (kros) of arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) rosettes displays a genuine circadian rhythmicity with a peak around midday. combined immunological and proteomic approaches revealed that phosph ... | 2019 | 30674691 |
| analysis of long non-coding rna involved in atrazine-induced testicular degeneration of xenopus laevis. | long non-coding rna (lncrna) plays a critical role in male germline development. atrazine (az) as an environmental endocrine disrupting chemical (edcs) can induce male reproductive toxicity in amphibians. our previous studies demonstrated that az can alter gene and circular rna (circrna) expression of damaged testes in xenopus laevis (x. laevis). we furthered to investigate the lncrna expression profiling in the testis of x. laevis. over 3559 lncrnas were detected by lncrna sequencing. az induce ... | 2019 | 30675760 |
| characterization of xenopus laevis guanine deaminase reveals new insights for its expression and function in the embryonic kidney. | the mammalian guanine deaminase (gda), called cypin, is important for proper neural development, by regulating dendritic arborization through modulation of microtubule (mt) dynamics. additionally, cypin can promote mt assembly in vitro. however, it has never been tested whether cypin (or other gda orthologs) binds to mts or modulates mt dynamics. here, we address these questions and characterize xenopus laevis gda (gda) for the first time during embryonic development. | 2019 | 30682232 |
| menthol acts as a positive allosteric modulator on nematode levamisole sensitive nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. | the ongoing and widespread emergence of resistance to the existing anti-nematodal pharmacopeia has made it imperative to develop new anthelminthic agents. historically, plants have been important sources of therapeutic compounds and offer an alternative to synthetic drugs. monoterpenoids are phytochemicals that have been shown to produce acute toxic effects in insects and nematodes. previous studies have shown nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nachrs) to be possible targets for naturally occurr ... | 2019 | 30682641 |
| biometric data assessment on xenopus laeis tadpoles. | 2016 | 30701053 | |
| effects of copper on the early development of xenopus laevis: the case of cuso4 and bordeaux mixture solutions. | 2018 | 30701063 | |
| anillin regulates epithelial cell mechanics by structuring the medial-apical actomyosin network. | cellular forces sculpt organisms during development, while misregulation of cellular mechanics can promote disease. here, we investigate how the actomyosin scaffold protein anillin contributes to epithelial mechanics in xenopus laevis embryos. increased mechanosensitive recruitment of vinculin to cell-cell junctions when anillin is overexpressed suggested that anillin promotes junctional tension. however, junctional laser ablation unexpectedly showed that junctions recoil faster when anillin is ... | 2019 | 30702429 |
| combined effects of mutations in loop c and the loop d-e-g triangle on neonicotinoid interactions with drosophila dα1/chicken β2 hybrid nachrs. | neonicotinoid insecticides interact with the orthosteric sites of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nachrs) formed at the interfaces of (a) two adjacent α subunits and (b) α and non-α subunits. however, little is known of the detailed contributions of these two orthosteric sites to neonicotinoid actions. we therefore applied voltage-clamp electrophysiology to the dα1/chicken β2 hybrid nachr expressed in xenopus laevis oocytes to explore the agonist actions of imidacloprid and thiacloprid on wil ... | 2018 | 30704712 |
| using xenopus laevis oocytes to functionally characterize plant transporters. | functionally characterizing plant membrane transport proteins is challenging. typically, heterologous systems are used to study them. immature eggs (oocytes) of the south african clawed frog xenopus laevis are considered an ideal expression system for such studies. these large oocytes have a low number of endogenous transport systems in their plasma membranes and highly express foreign mrna; the oocyte plasma membrane is the default destination of integral membrane proteins that lack recognized ... | 2019 | 30707001 |
| comparison the sensitivity of amphibian metamorphosis assays with nf 48 stage and nf 51 stage xenopus laevis tadpoles. | the amphibian metamorphosis assay (ama) was proposed by the organization for economic cooperation and development (oecd) to screen thyroid disruptors of vertebrate species. the general experimental design of the ama exposes nieuwkoop and faber (nf) stage 51 xenopus laevis tadpoles to test chemical concentrations for 21 d. however, recent studies demonstrated that thyroid gland began to function after nf stage 45 in x. laevis. thus, in this study, we initiated exposure with nf stage 48 tadpoles w ... | 2019 | 30732517 |
| imatinib uptake into cells is not mediated by organic cation transporters oct1, oct2, or oct3, but is influenced by extracellular ph. | cancer cells undergo genetic and environmental changes that can alter cellular disposition of drugs, notably by alterations of transmembrane drug transporters expression. whether the influx organic cation transporter 1 (oct1) encoded by the gene slc221a1 is implicated in the cellular uptake of imatinib is still controversial. besides, imatinib ionization state may be modulated by the hypoxic acidic surrounding extracellular microenvironment. | 2019 | 30734690 |
| reconstitution of intracellular calcium signaling in xenopus egg extracts. | generation of calcium signal in the cytoplasm of fertilized or parthenogenetically activated eggs has been extensively studied in the intact eggs of several biological species. calcium transient was found to elicit a plethora of biochemical and cellular events in these cells. remarkably, intracellular calcium signaling can also be reconstituted in cell-free environment. in this chapter, we describe the methods that allow reconstitution, detection, and quantification of the calcium signal in cell ... | 2019 | 30737685 |
| membrane microdomains as platform to study membrane-associated events during oogenesis, meiotic maturation, and fertilization in xenopus laevis. | studies on the egg plasma membrane-associated tyrosine kinase src have shed light on the identity of the molecular machinery that is responsible for gamete interaction and possibly fusion in african clawed frog xenopus laevis. here we describe our protocol for identifying and analyzing molecular and cellular machinery that contributes to a variety of biological processes in the course of oogenesis, oocyte maturation, egg fertilization, and early embryogenesis in xenopus. our current special inte ... | 2019 | 30737686 |
| methods for isolating the balbiani body/germplasm from xenopus laevis oocytes. | the balbiani body (bb) is a large membrane-less organelle, densely packed with mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, proteins, and rna. the bb is present in many vertebrate female gametes. in frogs, the bb is established early during oogenesis and operates as a maternal inherited embryonic determinant that specifies germline identity through the formation of germplasm. we describe here two techniques to isolate the bb/germplasm from xenopus laevis primary oocytes. | 2019 | 30737696 |
| generation of xenopus haploid, triploid, and hybrid embryos. | frog species of the genus xenopus are widely used for studies of cell and developmental biology, and recent genome sequencing has revealed interesting phylogenetic relationships. here we describe methods to generate haploid, triploid, and hybrid species starting from eggs and sperm of xenopus laevis and xenopus tropicalis that enable investigation of how genome size and content affect physiology at the organismal, cellular, and subcellular levels. | 2019 | 30737699 |
| expression of tcr genes in adult and larval xenopus laevis. | in order to better understand the development and function of γδ t cells in xenopus frogs, it is necessary to determine where and when γδ t cells are found in xenopus tissues. this study examined the expression of tcr genes, focused primarily on tcr γ, in tissues of adult and larval xenopus laevis and provide new data about the expression pattern of these different tcr genes in this anuran amphibian. tcr gene expression was detected by rt-pcr in adult frog tissues including the thymus, spleen, s ... | 2019 | 30738793 |
| gene expression program underlying tail resorption during thyroid hormone-dependent metamorphosis of the ornamented pygmy frog microhyla fissipes. | thyroid hormone (t3) is essential for vertebrate development, especially during the so-called postembryonic development, a period around birth in mammals when plasma t3 level peaks and many organs mature into their adult form. compared to embryogenesis, postembryonic development is poorly studied in mammals largely because of the difficulty to manipulate the uterus-enclosed embryos and neonates. amphibian metamorphosis is independent of maternal influence and can be easily manipulated for molecu ... | 2019 | 30740088 |
| jaburetox, a natural insecticide derived from jack bean urease, activates voltage-gated sodium channels to modulate insect behavior. | jaburetox (jbtx) is an insecticidal peptide derived from canavalia ensiformis urease, whose mechanism of action is not completely elucidated. we employed behavioral, electromyographical and electrophysiological protocols to identify the cellular and molecular targets involved in the jbtx entomotoxicity in cockroaches and locusts. in nauphoeta cinerea, jbtx (32 μg/g) altered the locomotory behaviour inducing a significative decrease in the distance travelled followed by a significant increase in ... | 2019 | 30744898 |
| pymetrozine activates trpv channels of brown planthopper nilaparvata lugens. | the commercial insecticide pymetrozine has been extensively used for brown planthopper control in east asia. the transient receptor potential vanilloid (trpv) channel, which consists of two proteins, nanchung (nan) and inactive (iav), has recently been shown to be the molecular target of pymetrozine in the fruit fly (drosophila melanogaster) and pea aphid (acyrthosiphon pisum). in this study, we characterized the nan and iav trpv channel subunits of n. lugens and measured the action of pymetrozi ... | 2019 | 30744899 |
| various nuclear reprogramming systems using egg and oocyte materials. | maternal factors stored in eggs and oocytes are necessary for reprogramming sperm for embryonic development. this reprogramming activity of maternal factors also works towards somatic cells, including terminally differentiated cells. several different experimental systems utilizing egg and oocyte materials have been applied to study nuclear reprogramming by maternal factors. among these systems, the most widely used is the transfer of a somatic cell nucleus to an oocyte arrested at the metaphase ... | 2019 | 30745498 |
| stage-dependent cardiac regeneration in xenopus is regulated by thyroid hormone availability. | despite therapeutic advances, heart failure is the major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, but why cardiac regenerative capacity is lost in adult humans remains an enigma. cardiac regenerative capacity widely varies across vertebrates. zebrafish and newt hearts regenerate throughout life. in mice, this ability is lost in the first postnatal week, a period physiologically similar to thyroid hormone (th)-regulated metamorphosis in anuran amphibians. we thus assessed heart regeneration in ... | 2019 | 30755533 |
| wgddetector: a pipeline for detecting whole genome duplication events using the genome or transcriptome annotations. | with the availability of well-assembled genomes of a growing number of organisms, identifying the bioinformatic basis of whole genome duplication (wgd) is a growing field of genomics. the most extant software for detecting footprints of wgds has been restricted to a well-assembled genome. however, the massive poor quality genomes and the more accessible transcriptomes have been largely ignored, and in theoretically they are also likely to contribute to detect wgd using ds based method. here, to ... | 2019 | 30760221 |
| on the mechanism of the electrophysiological changes and membrane lesions induced by asbestos fiber exposure in xenopus laevis oocytes. | the so-called amphibole asbestos fibers are enriched with mineral iron ions, able to stimulate ros production. we recently reported that crocidolite asbestos was able to interact with the cell membranes of xenopus laevis oocytes, to alter their electrical membrane properties. here, we found that applied iron ions (fe3+) or h2o2 (for ros generation) mimicked these effects, suggesting that at least one effect of iron-containing asbestos fiber exposure was mediated by ros production. furthermore, c ... | 2019 | 30765791 |
| activity and intracellular localization of senescence-associated β-galactosidase in aging xenopus oocytes and eggs. | senescence-associated β-galactosidase (sa-β-gal) serves as a marker of senescence in aging somatic cells. however, little is known about sa-β-gal dynamics in aging gamete cells. to address this issue, here we investigated activity and intracellular localization of sa-β-gal in freshly obtained and aging oocytes and eggs of the african clawed frog xenopus laevis. data base mining revealed the presence of several homologous β-galactosidase sequences in the annotated xenopus genome. some of them wer ... | 2019 | 30769028 |
| rho flares repair local tight junction leaks. | tight junctions contribute to epithelial barrier function by selectively regulating the quantity and type of molecules that cross the paracellular barrier. experimental approaches to evaluate the effectiveness of tight junctions are typically global, tissue-scale measures. here, we introduce zinc-based ultrasensitive microscopic barrier assay (znumba), which we used in xenopus laevis embryos to visualize short-lived, local breaches in epithelial barrier function. these breaches, or leaks, occur ... | 2019 | 30773490 |
| the wnt inhibitor dkk1 is required for maintaining the normal cardiac differentiation program in xenopus laevis. | wnt proteins can activate different intracellular signaling pathways. these pathways need to be tightly regulated for proper cardiogenesis. the canonical wnt/β-catenin inhibitor dkk1 has been shown to be sufficient to trigger cardiogenesis in gain-of-function experiments performed in multiple model systems. loss-of-function studies however did not reveal any fundamental function for dkk1 during cardiogenesis. using xenopus laevis as a model we here show for the first time that dkk1 is required f ... | 2019 | 30797757 |
| more than just a bandage: closing the gap between injury and appendage regeneration. | the remarkable regenerative capabilities of amphibians have captured the attention of biologists for centuries. the frogs xenopus laevis and xenopus tropicalis undergo temporally restricted regenerative healing of appendage amputations and spinal cord truncations, injuries that are both devastating and relatively common in human patients. rapidly expanding technological innovations have led to a resurgence of interest in defining the factors that enable regenerative healing, and in coupling thes ... | 2019 | 30800076 |
| the c-terminus of the retinal homeobox (rax) gene product modulates transcription in a context-dependent manner. | the evolutionarily conserved retinal homeobox (rax) transcription factor is essential for normal eye development in all vertebrates. despite rax's biologic significance, the molecular mechanisms underlying rax molecular function as a transcriptional regulator are poorly defined. the rax gene encodes a conserved octapeptide motif (op) near the n-terminus and several conserved regions in the c-terminus of unknown function, including the orthopedia, aristaless, rax (oar) domain and the rx domain. t ... | 2019 | 30820152 |
| conditional demyelination and remyelination in a transgenic xenopus laevis. | multiple sclerosis (ms) is the first cause of acquired disability progression in the young adult. pathology of ms associates inflammation, demyelination, and neurodegeneration. the development of immunotherapies, by reducing the relapse rate, has profoundly impacted short-term prognosis and patients' quality of life. these anti-inflammatory medications, however, have not proven to be sufficient to prevent long-term disability progression, resulting from axonal transection and neuronal damage, co ... | 2019 | 30820903 |
| microsampling capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry enables single-cell proteomics in complex tissues: developing cell clones in live xenopus laevis and zebrafish embryos. | label-free single-cell proteomics by mass spectrometry (ms) is currently incompatible with complex tissues without requiring cell culturing, single-cell dissection, or tissue dissociation. we here report the first example of label-free single-cell ms-based proteomics directly in single cells in live vertebrate embryos. our approach integrates optically guided in situ subcellular capillary microsampling, one-pot extraction-digestion of the collected proteins, peptide separation by capillary elect ... | 2019 | 30827088 |
| effects of glyphosate and a commercial formulation roundup® exposures on maturation of xenopus laevis oocytes. | pesticides are often found at high concentrations in small ponds near agricultural field where amphibians are used to live and reproduce. even if there are many studies on the impacts of phytopharmaceutical active ingredients in amphibian toxicology, only a few are interested in the earlier steps of their life cycle. while their populations are highly threatened with extinction. the aim of this work is to characterize the effects of glyphosate and its commercial formulation roundup® gt max on th ... | 2020 | 30835066 |
| electrophysiological changes during early steps of retinitis pigmentosa. | the rhodopsin mutation p23h is responsible for a significant portion of autosomal-dominant retinitis pigmentosa, a disorder characterized by rod photoreceptor death. the mechanisms of toxicity remain unclear; previous studies implicate destabilization of p23h rhodopsin during light exposure, causing decreased endoplasmic reticulum (er) exit and er stress responses. here, we probed phototransduction in xenopus laevis rods expressing bovine p23h rhodopsin, in which retinal degeneration is inducibl ... | 2019 | 30840038 |
| evolution of the rho guanine nucleotide exchange factors kalirin and trio and their gene expression in xenopus development. | guanine nucleotide exchange factors (gefs) activate rho gtpases by accelerating their gdp/gtp exchange. trio and its paralog kalirin (kalrn) are unique members of the rho-gefs that harbor three catalytic domains: two functional gef domains and a serine/threonine kinase domain. the n-terminal gef domain activates rac1 and rhog gtpases, while the c-terminal gef domain acts specifically on rhoa. trio and kalrn have an evolutionary conserved function in morphogenetic processes including neuronal dev ... | 2019 | 30844509 |
| distinctive single-channel properties of α4β2-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor isoforms. | central nervous system nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nachr) are predominantly of the α4β2 subtype. two isoforms exist, with high or low agonist sensitivity (hs-(α4β2)2β2- and ls-(α4β2)2α4-nachr). both isoforms exhibit similar macroscopic potency and efficacy values at low acetylcholine (ach) concentrations, mediated by a common pair of high-affinity α4(+)/(-)β2 subunit binding interfaces. however ls-(α4β2)2α4-nachr also respond to higher concentrations of ach, acting at a third α4(+)/(-)α4 ... | 2019 | 30845161 |
| a unique role of thyroid hormone receptor β in regulating notochord resorption during xenopus metamorphosis. | tail resorption during anuran metamorphosis is perhaps the most dramatic tissue transformation that occurs during vertebrate development. earlier studies in highly related anuran species xenopus laevis and xenopus tropicalis have shown that thyroid hormone (t3) receptor (tr) plays a necessary and sufficient role to mediate the causative effect of t3 on metamorphosis. of the two known tr genes in vertebrates, trα is highly expressed during both premetamorphosis and metamorphosis while trβ express ... | 2019 | 30851299 |
| mechanical force induces phosphorylation-mediated signaling that underlies tissue response and robustness in xenopus embryos. | mechanical forces are essential drivers of numerous biological processes, notably during development. although it is well recognized that cells sense and adapt to mechanical forces, the signal transduction pathways that underlie mechanosensing have remained elusive. here, we investigate the impact of mechanical centrifugation force on phosphorylation-mediated signaling in xenopus embryos. by monitoring temporal phosphoproteome and proteome alterations in response to force, we discover and valida ... | 2019 | 30852251 |
| time-lapse imaging of cell death in cell culture and whole living organisms using turn-on deep-red fluorescent probes. | cell death is a central process in developmental biology and also an important indicator of disease status and treatment efficacy. two related fluorescent probes are described that are molecular conjugates of one or two zinc dipicolylamine (zndpa) coordination complexes with an appended solvatochromic benzothiazolium squaraine dye. the probes were designed to target the anionic phospholipid, phosphatidylserine (ps), that is exposed on the surface of dead and dying cells. a series of spectrometri ... | 2018 | 30858977 |
| foxn3 is necessary for the development of the interatrial septum, the ventricular trabeculae and the muscles at the head/trunk interface in the african clawed frog, xenopus laevis (lissamphibia: anura: pipidae). | fox genes are a large family of transcription factors that play diverse roles in the immune system, metabolism, cancer, cell cycle, and animal development. it has been shown that foxn3 is indispensable for normal craniofacial development in the mouse and the african clawed frog, xenopus laevis. morpholino-mediated knockdown of foxn3 in x. laevis delays overall development of early tadpole stages and causes eye defects, the absence of some cranial nerve branches, and malformations of the cranial ... | 2019 | 30859697 |
| dynamin binding protein is required for xenopus laevis kidney development. | the adult human kidney contains over one million nephrons, with each nephron consisting of a tube containing segments that have specialized functions in nutrient and water absorption and waste excretion. the embryonic kidney of xenopus laevis consists of a single functional nephron composed of regions that are analogous to those found in the human nephron, making it a simple model for the study of nephrogenesis. the exocyst complex, which traffics proteins to the cell membrane in vesicles via cd ... | 2019 | 30863317 |
| gd(iii)-gd(iii) relaxation-induced dipolar modulation enhancement for in-cell electron paramagnetic resonance distance determination. | in-cell distance determination by electron paramagnetic resonance (epr) spectroscopy reveals essential structural information about biomacromolecules under native conditions. we demonstrate that the pulsed epr technique ridme (relaxation induced dipolar modulation enhancement) can be utilized for such distance determination. the performance of in-cell ridme has been assessed at q-band using stiff molecular rulers labeled with gd(iii)-pymta and microinjected into xenopus laevis oocytes. the overt ... | 2019 | 30864799 |
| adverse effects of fly ashes used as immobilizing agents for highly metal-contaminated soils on xenopus laevis oocytes survival and maturation-a study performed in the north of france with field soil extracts. | amphibians are now recognized as the most endangered group. one of this decline causes is the degradation of their habitat through direct contamination of water, soil leaching, or runoff from surrounding contaminated soils and environments. in the north of france, the extensive industrial activities resulted in massive soil contamination by metal compounds. mineral amendments were added to soils to decrease trace metal mobility. because of the large areas to be treated, the use of inexpensive in ... | 2020 | 30875069 |
| heterologous expression of aedes aegypti cation chloride cotransporter 2 (aeccc2) in xenopus laevis oocytes induces an enigmatic na⁺/li⁺ conductance. | the yellow fever mosquito aedes aegypti possesses three genes encoding putative na⁺-coupled cation chloride cotransporters (cccs): aenkcc1, aeccc2, and aeccc3. to date, none of the aecccs have been functionally characterized. here we expressed aeccc2 heterologously in xenopus oocytes and measured the uptake of li⁺ (a tracer for na⁺) and rb⁺ (a tracer for k⁺). compared to control (h₂o-injected) oocytes, the aeccc2-expressing oocytes exhibited significantly greater uptake of li⁺, but not rb⁺. howe ... | 2019 | 30875796 |
| effect of nucleosome assembly on alkylation by a dynamic electrophile. | quinone methides are reactive electrophiles that are generated during metabolism of various drugs, natural products, and food additives. their chemical properties and cellular effects have been described previously, and now their response to packaging dna in a nucleosome core is described. a model bisquinone methide precursor (bisqmp) was selected based on its ability to form reversible adducts with guanine n7 that allow for their redistribution and transfer after quinone methide regeneration. a ... | 2019 | 30882212 |
| a microarray-based comparative analysis of gene expression profiles in thyroid glands in amphibian metamorphosis: differences in effects between chemical exposure and food restriction. | tadpoles during metamorphosis are sensitive to chemical exposure as shown in the amphibian metamorphosis assay, which is a method to detect effects of chemicals on the functions of hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis. the present study reports existence of different modes of action between pyriproxyfen (pyr) and 6-propyl-2-thiouracil (ptu) under different feeding conditions based on gene expression profiles (transcriptomics) in the thyroid glands of tadpoles of the african clawed frog, xenopus l ... | 2019 | 30883854 |
| xmap215 promotes microtubule-f-actin interactions to regulate growth cone microtubules during axon guidance in xenopuslaevis. | it has long been established that neuronal growth cone navigation depends on changes in microtubule (mt) and f-actin architecture downstream of guidance cues. however, the mechanisms by which mts and f-actin are dually coordinated remain a fundamentally unresolved question. here, we report that the well-characterized mt polymerase, xmap215 (also known as ckap5), plays an important role in mediating mt-f-actin interaction within the growth cone. we demonstrate that xmap215 regulates mt-f-actin al ... | 2019 | 30890650 |
| developmental regulation of wnt signaling by nagk and the udp-glcnac salvage pathway. | in a screen for human kinases that regulate xenopus laevis embryogenesis, we identified nagk and other components of the udp-glcnac glycosylation salvage pathway as regulators of anteroposterior patterning and wnt signaling. we find that the salvage pathway does not affect other major embryonic signaling pathways (fgf, tgfβ, notch, or shh), thereby demonstrating specificity for wnt signaling. we show that the role of the salvage pathway in wnt signaling is evolutionarily conserved in zebrafish a ... | 2019 | 30904594 |
| agr2-interacting prod1-like protein tfp4 from xenopus laevis is necessary for early forebrain and eye development as well as for the tadpole appendage regeneration. | the agr family genes, ag1, agr2, and agr3, encode for the thioredoxin domain containing secreted proteins and are specific only for vertebrates. these proteins are attracting increasing attention due to their involvement in many physiological and pathological processes, including exocrine secretion, cancer, regeneration of the body appendages, and the early brain development. at the same time, the mode by which agrs regulate intracellular processes are poorly understood. despite that the recepto ... | 2019 | 30912273 |
| regulation of na+-k+-cl- cotransporter type 2 by the with no lysine kinase-dependent signaling pathway. | na+-k+-cl- cotransporter type 2 (nkcc2) is confined to the apical membrane of the thick ascending limb of henle, where it reabsorbs a substantial fraction of the ultrafiltered nacl load. it is expressed along this nephron segment as three main splice variants (called nkcc2a, nkcc2b, and nkcc2f) that differ in residue composition along their second transmembrane domain and first intracellular cytosolic connecting segment (cs2). nkcc2 is known to be activated by cell shrinkage and intracellular [c ... | 2019 | 30917032 |
| latrophilin2 is involved in neural crest cell migration and placode patterning in xenopus laevis. | latrophilin2 (lphn2) is an adhesion-class of g protein-coupled receptor with an unknown function in development. here, we show that xenopus laevis lphn2 (xlphn2) is involved in the migration and differentiation of neural crest (nc) cells and placode patterning in xenopus laevis embryos. although xlphn2 mrna was detected throughout embryogenesis, it was expressed more abundantly in the placode region. morpholino antisense oligonucleotide-mediated knockdown of xlphn2 caused abnormal migration of n ... | 2019 | 30919913 |
| ursodeoxycholic acid inhibits uptake and vasoconstrictor effects of taurocholate in human placenta. | intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (icp) causes increased transfer of maternal bile acids to the fetus and an increased incidence of sudden fetal death. treatment includes ursodeoxycholic acid (udca), but it is not clear if udca protects the fetus. this study explores the placental transport of the bile acid taurocholate (tc) by the organic anion-transporting polypeptide, (oatp)4a1, its effects on the placental proteome and vascular function, and how these are modified by udca. various method ... | 2019 | 30922127 |
| recovery of the xenopus laevis heart from ros-induced stress utilizes conserved pathways of cardiac regeneration. | urodele amphibians and some fish are capable of regenerating up to a quarter of their heart tissue after cardiac injury. while many anuran amphibians like xenopus laevis are not capable of such feats, they are able to repair lesser levels of cardiac damage, such as that caused by oxidative stress, to a far greater degree than mammals. using an optogenetic stress induction model that utilizes the protein killerred, we have investigated the extent to which mechanisms of cardiac regeneration are co ... | 2019 | 30924142 |
| trace, machine learning of signal images for trace-sensitive mass spectrometry: a case study from single-cell metabolomics. | recent developments in high-resolution mass spectrometry (hrms) technology enabled ultrasensitive detection of proteins, peptides, and metabolites in limited amounts of samples, even single cells. however, extraction of trace-abundance signals from complex data sets ( m/ z value, separation time, signal abundance) that result from ultrasensitive studies requires improved data processing algorithms. to bridge this gap, we here developed "trace", a software framework that incorporates machine lear ... | 2019 | 30929422 |
| induction of a spindle-assembly-competent m phase in xenopus egg extracts. | normal mitotic spindle assembly is a prerequisite for faithful chromosome segregation and unperturbed cell-cycle progression. precise functioning of the spindle machinery relies on conserved architectural features, such as focused poles, chromosome alignment at the metaphase plate, and proper spindle length. these morphological requirements can be achieved only within a compositionally distinct cytoplasm that results from cell-cycle-dependent regulation of specific protein levels and specific po ... | 2019 | 30930041 |
| identification and functional characterization of the chloride channel gene, gsclc-c2 from wild soybean. | the anionic toxicity of plants under salt stress is mainly caused by chloride (cl-). thus cl- influx, transport and their regulatory mechanisms should be one of the most important aspects of plant salt tolerance studies, but are often sidelined by the focus on sodium (na+) toxicity and its associated adaptations. plant chloride channels (clcs) are transport proteins for anions including cl- and nitrate (no3-), and are critical for nutrition uptake and transport, adjustment of cellular turgor, st ... | 2019 | 30935372 |
| desmoplakin is required for epidermal integrity and morphogenesis in the xenopus laevis embryo. | desmoplakin (dsp) is a unique and critical desmosomal protein, that is integral to epidermal development. however, it is unclear whether this protein is required specifically for epidermal morphogenesis. using morpholinos or crispr/cas9 mutagenesis we decreased the function of dsp in frog embryos to better understand its role during epidermal development. dsp morphant and mutant embryos had developmental defects such as epidermal fragility that mimicked what has been reported in mammals. most im ... | 2019 | 30935896 |
| new roles for wnt and bmp signaling in neural anteroposterior patterning. | during amphibian development, neural patterning occurs via a two-step process. spemann's organizer secretes bmp antagonists that induce anterior neural tissue. a subsequent caudalizing step re-specifies anterior fated cells to posterior fates such as hindbrain and spinal cord. the neural patterning paradigm suggests that a canonical wnt-signaling gradient acts along the anteroposterior axis to pattern the nervous system. wnt activity is highest in the posterior, inducing spinal cord, at intermed ... | 2019 | 30936121 |
| developmental exposure to chemicals associated with unconventional oil and gas extraction alters immune homeostasis and viral immunity of the amphibian xenopus. | although aquatic vertebrates and humans are increasingly exposed to water pollutants associated with unconventional oil and gas extraction (uog), the long-term effects of these pollutants on immunity remains unclear. we have established the amphibian xenopus laevis and the ranavirus frog virus 3 (fv3) as a reliable and sensitive model for evaluating the effects of waterborne pollutants. x. laevis tadpoles were exposed to a mixture of equimass amount of uog chemicals with endocrine disrupting act ... | 2019 | 30939317 |
| pyrophosphate stimulates the phosphate-sodium symporter of trypanosoma brucei acidocalcisomes and saccharomyces cerevisiae vacuoles. | inorganic pyrophosphate (ppi) is a by-product of biosynthetic reactions and has bioenergetic and regulatory roles in a variety of cells. here we show that ppi and other pyrophosphate-containing compounds, including polyphosphate (polyp), can stimulate sodium-dependent depolarization of the membrane potential and pi conductance in xenopus oocytes expressing a saccharomyces cerevisiae or trypanosoma brucei na+/pi symporter. ppi is not taken up by xenopus oocytes, and deletion of the tbpho91 spx do ... | 2019 | 30944211 |
| gpcr-independent activation of g proteins promotes apical cell constriction in vivo. | heterotrimeric g proteins are signaling switches that control organismal morphogenesis across metazoans. in invertebrates, specific gpcrs instruct g proteins to promote collective apical cell constriction in the context of epithelial tissue morphogenesis. in contrast, tissue-specific factors that instruct g proteins during analogous processes in vertebrates are largely unknown. here, we show that daple, a non-gpcr protein linked to human neurodevelopmental disorders, is expressed specifically in ... | 2019 | 30948426 |
| functional and structural analysis of rare slc2a2 variants associated with fanconi-bickel syndrome and metabolic traits. | deleterious variants in slc2a2 cause fanconi-bickel syndrome (fbs), a glycogen storage disorder, whereas less common variants in slc2a2 associate with numerous metabolic diseases. phenotypic heterogeneity in fbs has been observed, but its causes remain unknown. our goal was to functionally characterize rare slc2a2 variants found in fbs and metabolic disease-associated variants to understand the impact of these variants on glut2 activity and expression and establish genotype-phenotype correlation ... | 2019 | 30950137 |
| nacl-induced csrci2e and csrci2f interact with aquaporin cspip2;1 to reduce water transport in camelina sativa l. | rare cold-inducible 2 (rci2) proteins are small hydrophobic proteins that are known to be localized in cellular membranes. the function of rci2 proteins has been reported to be associated with low-temperature, salt, and drought stress tolerances as a membrane potential regulator; however, the specific functions are still unknown. the pip2 (plasma membrane intrinsic protein 2) aquaporins are proteins that transport water and small solutes into the cell. the expression and activity of pip2 protein ... | 2019 | 30954220 |
| is normalized hindlimb length measurement in assessment of thyroid disruption in the amphibian metamorphosis assay relevant? | the amphibian metamorphosis assay represents an oecd level 3 and edsp tier 1 ecotoxicity test assessing thyroid activity of chemicals in african clawed frog (xenopus laevis). to evaluate the effectiveness of snout-vent length (svl) normalization of hindlimb length (hll), correlation between the hll and svl or body weight was evaluated in the control groups of 10 individual studies from three laboratories. two studies required separate analysis of the nieuwkoop-faber (nf) stage ≤60 and >60 animal ... | 2019 | 30957914 |
| critical role of an mhc class i-like/innate-like t cell immune surveillance system in host defense against ranavirus (frog virus 3) infection. | besides the central role of classical major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class ia-restricted conventional cluster of differentiation 8 (cd8) t cells in antiviral host immune response, the amphibian xenopuslaevis critically rely on mhc class i-like (mhc1b10.1.l or xnc10)-restricted innate-like (i)t cells (ivα6 t cells) to control infection by the ranavirus frog virus 3 (fv3). to complement and extend our previous reverse genetic studies showing that ivα6 t cells are required for tadpole survi ... | 2019 | 30959883 |
| the voltage sensing phosphatase (vsp) localizes to the apical membrane of kidney tubule epithelial cells. | voltage-sensing phosphatases (vsps) are transmembrane proteins that couple changes in membrane potential to hydrolysis of inositol signaling lipids. vsps catalyze the dephosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol phosphates (pips) that regulate diverse aspects of cell membrane physiology including cell division, growth and migration. vsps are highly conserved among chordates, and their rna transcripts have been detected in the adult and embryonic stages of frogs, fish, chickens, mice and humans. how ... | 2019 | 30964862 |
| modeling congenital kidney diseases in xenopus laevis. | congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (cakut) occur in ∼1/500 live births and are a leading cause of pediatric kidney failure. with an average wait time of 3-5 years for a kidney transplant, the need is high for the development of new strategies aimed at reducing the incidence of cakut and preserving renal function. next-generation sequencing has uncovered a significant number of putative causal genes, but a simple and efficient model system to examine the function of cakut genes ... | 2019 | 30967415 |
| n-glycosylation-dependent regulation of hk2p17.1 currents. | two pore-domain potassium (k2p) channels mediate potassium background currents that stabilize the resting membrane potential and facilitate action potential repolarization. in the human heart, hk2p17.1 channels are predominantly expressed in the atria and purkinje cells. reduced atrial hk2p17.1 protein levels were described in patients with atrial fibrillation or heart failure. genetic alterations in hk2p17.1 were associated with cardiac conduction disorders. little is known about posttranslatio ... | 2019 | 30969900 |
| thermal reduction of graphene oxide mitigates its in vivo genotoxicity toward xenopus laevis tadpoles. | the worldwide increase of graphene family materials raises the question of the potential consequences resulting from their release in the environment and future consequences on ecosystem health, especially in the aquatic environment in which they are likely to accumulate. thus, there is a need to evaluate the biological and ecological risk but also to find innovative solutions leading to the production of safer materials. this work focuses on the evaluation of functional group-safety relationshi ... | 2019 | 30970633 |
| optoelectronic control of single cells using organic photocapacitors. | optical control of the electrophysiology of single cells can be a powerful tool for biomedical research and technology. here, we report organic electrolytic photocapacitors (oepcs), devices that function as extracellular capacitive electrodes for stimulating cells. oepcs consist of transparent conductor layers covered with a donor-acceptor bilayer of organic photoconductors. this device produces an open-circuit voltage in a physiological solution of 330 mv upon illumination using light in a tiss ... | 2019 | 30972364 |
| transcriptome profiling reveals male- and female-specific gene expression pattern and novel gene candidates for the control of sex determination and gonad development in xenopus laevis. | xenopus laevis is an amphibian (frog) species widely used in developmental biology and genetics. to unravel the molecular machinery regulating sex differentiation of xenopus gonads, we analyzed for the first time the transcriptome of developing amphibian gonads covering sex determination period. we applied microarray at four developmental stages: (i) nf50 (undifferentiated gonad during sex determination), (ii) nf53 (the onset of sexual differentiation of the gonads), (iii) nf56 (sexual different ... | 2019 | 30972573 |
| autophagy in xenopus laevis rod photoreceptors is independently regulated by phototransduction and misfolded rhop23h. | we previously reported autophagic structures in rod photoreceptors expressing a misfolding rho (rhodopsin) mutant (rhop23h), suggesting that autophagy may play a role in degrading the mutant rho and/or be involved in photoreceptor cell death. to further examine autophagy in normal and diseased rods, we generated transgenic xenopus laevis tadpoles expressing the dually fluorescent autophagy marker mrfp-egfp-lc3 in rods, which changes from green to yellow and finally red as autophagic structures d ... | 2019 | 30975014 |
| hybrid-type and two-tetrad antiparallel telomere dna g-quadruplex structures in living human cells. | although the telomeric sequence has been reported to form various g-quadruplex topologies in vitro and in xenopus laevis oocytes, in living human cells, the topology of telomeric dna g-quadruplex remains a challenge. to investigate the human telomeric dna g-quadruplex in a more realistic human cell environment, in the present study, we demonstrated that the telomeric dna sequence can form two hybrid-type and two-tetrad antiparallel g-quadruplex structures by in-cell 19f nmr in living human cells ... | 2019 | 30976813 |
| in vivo and in vitro quantitative analysis of neural crest cell migration. | the neural crest is an embryonic cell population induced at the border of the neural plate from where it delaminates and migrates long distances across the embryo. due to its extraordinary migratory capabilities, the neural crest has become a powerful system to study cellular and molecular aspects of collective and single cell migration both in vivo and in vitro. here we provide detailed protocols used to perform quantitative analysis of molecular and cellular aspects of xenopus laevis neural cr ... | 2019 | 30977071 |
| evaluation of cyclic luciferin as a substrate for luminescence measurements in in vitro and in vivo applications. | bioluminescence imaging (bli) is a powerful tool for cell tracking, monitoring of gene delivery and expression in small laboratory animals. an alternative luciferase (luc) substrate cyclic luciferin (cycluc) was recently advanced for bli applications as providing a stronger, more stable signal at significantly lower doses than the classical substrate d-luciferin (d-luc) increasing sensitivity of luc detection 10 to 100 times. we evaluated benefits of using cycluc in in vivo studies in mice injec ... | 2019 | 30979501 |
| mitotic replisome disassembly depends on traip ubiquitin ligase activity. | we have shown previously that the process of replication machinery (replisome) disassembly at the termination of dna replication forks in the s-phase is driven through polyubiquitylation of one of the replicative helicase subunits (mcm7) by cul2lrr1 ubiquitin ligase. interestingly, upon inhibition of this pathway in caenorhabditis elegans embryos, the replisomes retained on chromatin were unloaded in the subsequent mitosis. here, we show that this mitotic replisome disassembly pathway exists in ... | 2019 | 30979826 |
| antimicrobial peptides of multicellular organisms: my perspective. | antimicrobial peptides of multicellular organisms were first characterized in the 1980s by investigators who felt that known systems of immunity could not explain what they observed: the resistance to bacterial infection of a cecropia moth pupa lacking antibodies or lymphocytes (cecropins (steiner 1981)), the potent microbicidal activity of neutrophils from a rabbit (defensins (selsted et al. 1985)), and the healing of a wound on the skin of the african clawed frog without infection in a non-ste ... | 2019 | 30980349 |
| loss of function of kmt2d, a gene mutated in kabuki syndrome, affects heart development in xenopus laevis. | kabuki syndrome is a haploinsufficient congenital multi-organ malformation syndrome, which frequently includes severe heart defects. mutations in the histone h3k4 methyltransferase kmt2d have been identified as the main cause of kabuki syndrome, however, the role of kmt2d in heart development remains to be characterized. | 2019 | 30980591 |
| molecular and functional characterization of a short-type peptidoglycan recognition protein, pgrp-s in the amphibian xenopus laevis. | peptidoglycan recognition proteins (pgrps) are a family of pattern recognition receptors (prrs) involved in host antibacterial responses, and their functions have been characterized in most invertebrate and vertebrate animals. however, little information is available regarding the function of frog pgrps. in this study, a short-type pgrp (termed xl-pgrp-s) gene was identified in the african clawed frog, xenopus laevis. the predicted protein of xl-pgrp-s contains several structural features known ... | 2019 | 30980872 |
| molecular markers for corneal epithelial cells in larval vs. adult xenopus frogs. | corneal epithelial stem cells (cescs) and their proliferative progeny, the transit amplifying cells (tacs), are responsible for maintaining the integrity and transparency of the cornea. these stem cells (scs) are widely used in corneal transplants and ocular surface reconstruction. molecular markers are essential to identify, isolate and enrich for these cells, yet no definitive cesc marker has been established. an extensive literature survey shows variability in the expression of putative cesc ... | 2019 | 30981716 |
| pacap-38 and pacap(6-38) degranulate rat meningeal mast cells via the orphan mrgb3-receptor. | infusion of pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide-38 (pacap-38) provokes migraine attacks in migraineurs and headache in non-migraineurs. adverse events like long-lasting flushing and heat sensation can be terminated with oral antihistamine treatment, indicating the involvement of mast cell activation after pacap-infusion. degranulation of rat peritoneal mast cells was provoked by several isoforms of pacap via previously unknown receptor pharmacology. the effect might thus be mediated e ... | 2019 | 30983973 |
| bile acids inhibit human purinergic receptor p2x4 in a heterologous expression system. | we recently demonstrated that bile acids, especially tauro-deoxycholic acid (t-dca), modify the function of the acid-sensing ion channel asic1a and other members of the epithelial sodium channel (enac)/degenerin (deg) ion channel family. surprisingly, asic1 shares a high degree of structural similarity with the purinergic receptor p2x4, a nonselective cation channel transiently activated by atp. p2x4 is abundantly expressed in the apical membrane of bile duct epithelial cells and is therefore ex ... | 2019 | 30988062 |
| the expression of key guidance genes at a forebrain axon turning point is maintained by distinct fgfr isoforms but a common downstream signal transduction mechanism. | during development the axons of neurons grow toward and locate their synaptic partners to form functional neural circuits. axons do so by reading a map of guidance cues expressed by surrounding tissues. guidance cues are expressed at a precise space and time, but how guidance cue expression is regulated, and in a coordinated manner, is poorly understood. semaphorins (semas) and slits are families of molecular ligands that guide axons. we showed previously that fibroblast growth factor (fgf) sign ... | 2020 | 30993182 |
| urokinase-type plasminogen activator (upa) is not essential for epithelial sodium channel (enac)-mediated sodium retention in experimental nephrotic syndrome. | in nephrotic syndrome, aberrantly filtered plasminogen (plg) is converted to active plasmin by tubular urokinase-type plasminogen activator (upa) and thought to lead to sodium retention by proteolytic activation of the epithelial sodium channel (enac). this concept predicts that upa is an important factor for sodium retention and that inhibition of upa might be protective in nephrotic syndrome. | 2019 | 31006168 |
| altering the levels of nuclear import factors in early xenopus laevis embryos affects later development. | more than just a container for dna, the nuclear envelope carries out a wide variety of critical and highly regulated cellular functions. one of these functions is nuclear import, and in this study we investigate how altering the levels of nuclear transport factors impacts developmental progression and organismal size. during early xenopus laevis embryogenesis, the timing of a key developmental event, the midblastula transition (mbt), is sensitive to nuclear import factor levels. how might alteri ... | 2019 | 31009515 |
| special considerations for making explants and transplants with xenopus tropicalis. | although xenopus laevis is an important model organism for embryological experimentation, the smaller, more genetically tractable, and faster developing xenopus tropicalis provides advantages for using genetic approaches to understand developmental mechanisms. explant cultures and transplants of x. tropicalis embryonic tissues present unique opportunities to examine embryonic tissue determination in a simplified setting. here we demonstrate preparation of explants and transplants of preplacodal ... | 2019 | 31010887 |
| slpi inhibits atp-mediated maturation of il-1β in human monocytic leukocytes: a novel function of an old player. | interleukin-1β (il-1β) is a potent, pro-inflammatory cytokine of the innate immune system that plays an essential role in host defense against infection. however, elevated circulating levels of il-1β can cause life-threatening systemic inflammation. hence, mechanisms controlling il-1β maturation and release are of outstanding clinical interest. secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (slpi), in addition to its well-described anti-protease function, controls the expression of several pro-inflammat ... | 2019 | 31019507 |
| effects of nonylphenols on embryonic development and metamorphosis of xenopus laevis: fetax and amphibian metamorphosis toxicity test (oecd tg231). | nonylphenols (nps) are a group of endocrine-disrupting surfactants that mimic estrogen. to determine the developmental toxicity and thyroid-disrupting effect of nps, the effects of exposure to nonylphenol (np), 4-nonylphenol (4-np), and nonylphenol ethoxylate (np-12) were examined according to the frog embryo teratogenesis assay-xenopus (fetax) and organization for economic co-operation and development test guidelines 231 (tg231). in fetax, the lc50 values of np, 4-np, and np-12 were 59.14 mg/l, ... | 2019 | 31022611 |
| a ywhaz variant associated with cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome activates the raf-erk pathway. | cardiofaciocutaneous (cfc) syndrome is a genetic disorder characterized by distinctive facial features, congenital heart defects, and skin abnormalities. several germline gain-of-function mutations in the ras/raf/mek/erk pathway are associated with the disease, including kras, braf, mek1, and mek2. cfc syndrome thus belongs to a group of disorders known as rasopathies, which are all caused by pathogenic mutations in various genes encoding components of the ras pathway. we recently identified nov ... | 2019 | 31024343 |
| the c-type atp-binding cassette transporter osabcc7 is involved in the root-to-shoot translocation of arsenic in rice. | rice is a major dietary source of inorganic arsenic (as), a nonthreshold carcinogen. reducing as accumulation in rice grain is of critical importance for food safety. in the present study, we investigated the role of a member of the rice c-type atp-binding cassette (abc) transporter (osabcc) family, osabcc7, in arsenite [as(iii)] accumulation in rice. quantitative real-time rt-pcr showed that osabcc7 was expressed intensively in the roots and the expression was strongly suppressed by as(iii) exp ... | 2019 | 31028396 |
| methods for investigating trp channel gating. | a complete characterization of temperature -and voltage-activated trp channel gating requires a precise determination of the absolute probability of opening in a wide range of voltages, temperatures, and agonist concentrations. we have achieved this in the case of the trpm8 channel expressed in xenopus laevis oocytes. measurements covered an extensive range of probabilities and unprecedented applied voltages up to 500 mv. in this chapter, we describe animal care protocols of patch-clamp pipette ... | 2019 | 31028680 |
| the amphibian (xenopus laevis) colony-stimulating factor-1 and interleukin-34-derived macrophages possess disparate pathogen recognition capacities. | pathogens such as the frog virus 3 (fv3) ranavirus are contributing to the worldwide amphibian declines. while amphibian macrophages (mϕs) are central to the immune defenses against these viruses, the pathogen recognition capacities of disparate amphibian mϕ subsets remain unexplored. in turn, mϕ differentiation and functionality are interdependent on the colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (csf-1r), which is ligated by colony-stimulating factor-1 (csf-1) and the unrelated interleukin-34 (il-34 ... | 2019 | 31029710 |
| wolf-hirschhorn syndrome-associated genes are enriched in motile neural crest cells and affect craniofacial development in xenopus laevis. | wolf-hirschhorn syndrome (whs) is a human developmental disorder arising from a hemizygous perturbation, typically a microdeletion, on the short arm of chromosome four. in addition to pronounced intellectual disability, seizures, and delayed growth, whs presents with a characteristic facial dysmorphism and varying prevalence of microcephaly, micrognathia, cartilage malformation in the ear and nose, and facial asymmetries. these affected craniofacial tissues all derive from a shared embryonic pre ... | 2019 | 31031646 |
| positively charged tags impede protein mobility in cells as quantified by 19f nmr. | proteins are often tagged for visualization or delivery in the "sea" of other macromolecules in cells but how tags affect protein mobility remains poorly understood. here, we employ in-cell 19f nmr to quantify the mobility of proteins with charged tags in escherichia coli cells and xenopus laevis oocytes. we find that the transient charge-charge interactions between the tag and cellular components affect protein mobility. more specifically, positively charged tags impede protein mobility. | 2019 | 31042382 |
| isolation of nanobodies against xenopus embryonic antigens using immune and non-immune phage display libraries. | the use of xenopus laevis as a model for vertebrate developmental biology is limited by a lack of antibodies specific for embryonic antigens. this study evaluated the use of immune and non-immune phage display libraries for the isolation of single domain antibodies, or nanobodies, with specificities for xenopus embryonic antigens. the immune nanobody library was derived from peripheral blood lymphocyte rna obtained from a llama immunized with xenopus gastrula homogenates. screening this library ... | 2019 | 31048885 |
| antinociceptive effects of new pyrazoles compounds mediated by the asic-1α channel, trpv-1 and μmor receptors. | pyrazoles are potent medicinal scaffolds and exhibit a wide spectrum of biological activities, such as analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic. in this paper we report on research we have performed with the aim of continuing the biological evaluation of the regio-isomeric pyrazole compounds, lqfm-020 (fluorine, para position), lqfm-021 (fluorine, meta position), and lqfm-039 (fluorine, ortho position) in models of pain induced by acidified saline, capsaicin, and formalin. we also investigat ... | 2019 | 31055237 |
| disrupted plasma membrane protein homeostasis in a xenopus laevis model of retinitis pigmentosa. | rhodopsin mislocalization is frequently observed in retinitis pigmentosa (rp) patients. for example, class i mutant rhodopsin is deficient in the vxpx trafficking signal, mislocalizes to the plasma membrane (pm) of rod photoreceptor inner segments (iss), and causes autosomal dominant rp. mislocalized rhodopsin causes photoreceptor degeneration in a manner independent of light-activation. in this manuscript, we took advantage of xenopus laevis models of both sexes expressing wild-type human rhodo ... | 2019 | 31061086 |
| the xenopus tropicalis model for studies of developmental and reproductive toxicity. | the reproductive cycle encompasses processes such as sex organ differentiation and development in the early life stages and maturation of the gametes in the adult organism. during the early life stages, critical developmental programming of the endocrine and reproductive systems occurs, and exposure to chemicals during these critical developmental windows can result in impaired reproductive function later in life. it is therefore important to evaluate long-term consequences of early life stage e ... | 2019 | 31069675 |