Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| effects of microcystis cells, cell extracts and lipopolysaccharide on drinking and liver function in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss walbaum. | liver mass (hepatosomatic index, hsi) increased by approximately 18% and water content in the gut by approximately 13 ml kg(-1) in freshwater rainbow trout exposed for 24 h to intact cells of a microcystin-producing cyanobacterium (microcystis pcc 7813) together with administration of heterotrophic bacterial lps. exposure to broken (ultrasonicated) cyanobacterial cells together with administration of bacterial lps increased hsi by approximately 50% and water content in the gut by almost 30 ml kg ... | 2003 | 12878412 |
| effect of temperature on gene expression of the gh/igf system during embryonic development in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | in fish, the gh/igf system installs very early during development suggesting that this system could promote embryonic growth and development. in contrast to mammals, the embryonic growth rate of poikilotherms depends considerably on the incubation temperature. therefore, the aim of this study was to determine if variations of embryo growth in response to temperature could be associated with modifications in the gene expression of the gh/igf system. in this study, using whole mount in situ hybrid ... | 2003 | 12884275 |
| efficacy of selected oral chemotherapeutants against ichthyophthirius multifiliis (ciliophora: ophyroglenidae) infecting rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. | the chemotherapeutic efficacy of 6 in-feed compounds against ichthyophthirius multifiliis fouquet, 1876 was assessed using experimental infections of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum) fingerlings. trial doses of 104 ppm amprolium hydrochloride or 65 ppm clopidol fed to fish for 10 d prior to infection significantly reduced the number of trophonts establishing in trout fingerlings by 62.0 and 35.2% respectively. in-feed treatments of infected trout with either 63 or 75 ppm amprolium hyd ... | 2003 | 12887250 |
| immunization of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss against discocotyle sagiffata (monogenea). | rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss were injected intraperitoneally with 2 different discocotyle sagittata extracts dissolved in pbs and subsequently exposed to controlled infection. immunization resulted in significantly reduced (p < 0.0001) worm intensities in > 50% of vaccinated fish (response arbitrarily defined as parasite burdens < mean control intensity - 1 sd), irrespective of the immunization regime (different parasite extracts, dosing and application schedules) employed. the protective e ... | 2003 | 12887251 |
| susceptibility of two strains of rainbow trout (one with suspected resistance to whirling disease) to myxobolus cerebralis infection. | the susceptibility of 2 strains of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss, 1 from north america (tl) and 1 from germany (gr), to myxobolus cerebralis (the cause of salmonid whirling disease) was assessed following exposure to the infectious stages (triactinomyxons). two laboratory experiments were conducted with age-matched rainbow trout of each strain. at the beginning of the study, the 2 trout strains were aged ca. 570 degree-days in expt 1, and ca. 999 degree-days in expt 2. in both experiments, r ... | 2003 | 12887253 |
| sub-lethal plasma ammonia accumulation and the exercise performance of salmonids. | the proposal that plasma ammonia accumulation might impair the swimming performance of fish was first made over a decade ago, and has now proven to be the case for a number of salmonid species. the first experimental evidence was indirect, when a negative linear relationship between plasma ammonia concentrations and maximum sustainable swimming speed (u(crit)) was found following the exposure of brown trout (salmo trutta) to sub-lethal concentrations of copper in soft acidic water. since then, n ... | 2003 | 12890542 |
| host specificity and geographical distribution of eubothrium in european salmonid fish. | the host specificity and distribution of eubothrium crassum (bloch, 1779) and eubothrium salvelini (schrank, 1790), morphologically fairly similar pseudophyllidean tapeworms parasitizing salmonid fish, were critically assessed on the basis of morphological and genetic evaluation of extensive material collected from different definitive hosts and geographical regions in europe. eubothrium crassum occurs in fish of the genera salmo, i.e. salmon (s. salar - both freshwater and marine), sea trout (s ... | 2003 | 12895285 |
| virulence of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus and infectious pancreatic necrosis virus coinfection in rainbow trout ( oncorhynchus mykiss) and nucleotide sequence analysis of the ihnv glycoprotein gene. | the outcomes of a coinfection of rainbow trout ( oncorhynchus mykiss) with infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) strain s46 and infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (ipnv) strain s46 was determined after waterborne infection. trout infected with the ihnv/ipnv.s46 sample, (a mixed sample containing equal infectious titers of the viruses) showed 50% less mortality than fish infected with either of the reference viruses alone. forty-five days after the coinfection, ipnv antigens were detec ... | 2003 | 12898328 |
| some medicinal plants as immunostimulant for fish. | immunostimulant effects of the dietary intake of various medicinal plant extracts on fish, rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), were investigated. for this purpose fish were fed with diets containing aqueous extracts of mistletoe (viscum album), nettle (urtica dioica), and ginger (zingiber officinale). food containing lyophilized extracts of these plants as 0.1 and 1% was used at a rate of 2% of body weight per day for three weeks. at the end of the experimental period, various parameters of non ... | 2003 | 12902058 |
| temperature and the expression of seven muscle-specific protein genes during embryogenesis in the atlantic cod gadus morhua l. | seven cdna clones coding for different muscle-specific proteins (msps) were isolated from the fast muscle tissue of atlantic cod gadus morhua l. in situ hybridization using crna probes was used to characterize the temporal and spatial patterns of gene expression with respect to somite stage in embryos incubated at 4 degrees c, 7 degrees c and 10 degrees c. myod transcripts were first observed in the presomitic mesoderm prior to somite formation, and in the lateral compartment of the forming somi ... | 2003 | 12909700 |
| nanoinjection as a tool to mimic vertical transmission of flavobacterium psychrophilum in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. | newly fertilised eggs of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss were nanoinjected with flavobacterium psychrophilum in order to mimic vertical transmission. two bacterial isolates with different elastin-degrading capacity were used. all infected groups (10, 100 and 1000 colony forming units egg(-1)) showed significantly higher cumulative mortalities than the control groups at the end of the experiment, 70 d post-hatching. the total mortalities in the control groups were below 2.5%. in the high-dose g ... | 2003 | 12911056 |
| adhesion of high and low virulence flavobacterium psychrophilum strains to isolated gill arches of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. | the ability of flavobacterium psychrophilum to adhere to the gill tissue of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss was evaluated. a gill perfusion model was adopted, offering a number of advantages compared to other in vitro as well as in vivo models. a comparison between the adhesion capacity of a high and low virulence f. psychrophilum strain was made. experiments were additionally carried out to assess the influence of water quality (organic material, nitrite) and temperature on the adhesion proce ... | 2003 | 12911057 |
| evidence for two distinct functional glucocorticoid receptors in teleost fish. | using rt-pcr with degenerated primers followed by screening of a rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) intestinal cdna library, we have isolated from the rainbow trout a new corticosteroid receptor which shows high sequence homology with other glucocorticoid receptors (grs), but is clearly different from the previous trout gr (named rtgr1). phylogenetic analysis of these two sequences and other grs known in mammals, amphibians and fishes indicate that the gr duplication is probably common to most ... | 2003 | 12914532 |
| comparison of vitellogenin responses in zebrafish and rainbow trout following exposure to environmental estrogens. | in this comparative study, the suitability of the commonly used in vivo biomarker for estrogenicity, vitellogenin (vtg), upon waterborne exposure to known environmental estrogens is evaluated in both male zebrafish (danio rerio) and juvenile rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). the results from initial experiments in which both species were exposed to 4-tert-octylphenol (op) or 17 alpha-ethynylestradiol under semistatic conditions for 3 weeks demonstrated a difference in species sensitivity for ... | 2003 | 12927559 |
| passive immunization of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), against flavobacterium psychrophilum, the causative agent of bacterial coldwater disease and rainbow trout fry syndrome. | flavobacterium psychrophilum, the causative agent of bacterial coldwater disease (cwd) and rainbow trout fry syndrome (rtfs), causes high mortality in cultured salmonids. the present study was designed to determine the role antibody plays in conferring protection to rainbow trout fry, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), by passive immunization with convalescent serum or serum from adult rainbow trout immunized with f. psychrophilum, and goat anti-f. psychrophilum serum. in each experiment, rainbow tr ... | 2003 | 12946006 |
| comparative responses of molluscs and fish to environmental estrogens and an estrogenic effluent. | it is now well established that there is a diverse array of chemicals discharged into the environment that can mimic or antagonise the action of hormones. these endocrine-disrupting chemicals (edcs) can thus interact with physiological systems and cause alterations in development, growth and reproduction in wildlife that are exposed to them. as yet, however, there is little information on the relative sensitivities of different wildlife groups to these chemicals and/or mixtures of them (e.g. est ... | 2003 | 12946619 |
| variations in plasma melatonin levels of the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) under various light and temperature conditions. | daily variations in plasma melatonin levels in the rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss were studied under various light and temperature conditions. plasma melatonin levels were higher at mid-dark than those at mid-light under light-dark (ld) cycles. an acute exposure to darkness (2 hr) during the light phase significantly elevated the plasma melatonin to the level that is comparable with those at mid-dark, while an acute exposure to a light pulse (2 hr) during the dark phase significantly suppress ... | 2003 | 12951408 |
| [stress produced by contaminated sediments with nickel in a pond with rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss (pisces: salmonidae)]. | previous studies indicated the presence of high concentrations of nickel in the "el truchón" ponds (in méxico), so it was necessary to find a possible correlation between sediment physicochemical properties of this water body and the damage that could be produced on the rainbow trout which culture is done in a rustic reservoir. the study was initiated with the determination of the physicochemical properties of the trout farm sediments, which are; granular composition, total nitrogen percentage, ... | 2002 | 12956103 |
| toxicity and chemistry of aspen wood leachate to aquatic life: field study. | a dark, toxic leachate has been observed around woodpiles of trembling aspen (populus tremuloides michx.) cut in winter for pulp or structural lumber. we measured production of leachate from 18 m3 of harvestable aspen logs stacked in an open field near dawson creek, british columbia, canada. the logpile began producing leachate during the first winter thaw and continued to do so for the duration of the two-year study (mean, 250 l/collection). aspen leachate was characterized by dark color, acidi ... | 2003 | 12959530 |
| use of dead probiotic cells to control furunculosis in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum). | 2003 | 12962213 | |
| the effectiveness of adenoviral vectors to deliver and express genes in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum). | the efficacy of adenoviral vectors for gene delivery into fish cells, both in vitro and in vivo, was evaluated. vectors utilized were of human adenovirus serotype 5 (ad), which are commonly used in human clinical trials, but have not been assessed for gene delivery to fish. because nothing is known about ad receptors in fish, both an ad (ad5luc1) with natural tropism for the coxsackie and adenovirus receptor (car), as well as an infectivity enhanced ad (ad5lucrgd) were included within this study ... | 2003 | 12962217 |
| immune responses against yersinia ruckeri have no effect on colonization of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), by gyrodactylus derjavini (mikailov, 1975). | 2003 | 12962227 | |
| uptake of waterborne tributyltin in the brain of fish: axonal transport as a proposed mechanism. | in previous studies, it was shown that waterborne hg(ii), cd(ii), and mn(ii) enter nerves innervating water-exposed sensory organs of fish and are transported to the brain by axonal transport. however, it is not known if organometals, such as tributyltin (tbt), can reach the brain of fish via the same route. in this work, we exposed rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) to waterborne [113sn]-tbt (4.2 kbq/l). three fish were sampled after a 2-week exposure, and three others were sampled after a 2-w ... | 2003 | 12966973 |
| clinical and pathological observations on streptococcus sp. infection on south african trout farms with gas supersaturated water supplies. | infection with a faecal streptococcus species belonging to lancefield group d has been a major cause of mortalities on certain trout farms on the escarpment of the mpumalanga province in the republic of south africa. evidence is given of a connection between subclinical gas bubble disease and infection with this organism in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. the condition causes serious losses during the summer months when water temperatures rise above 18 degrees c. the larger table-size fish a ... | 2003 | 12967170 |
| characterization of cdna encoding immunoglobulin light chain of the mandarin fish (siniperca chuatsi). | immunoglobulin light chain cdna sequences of a perciform fish, the mandarin fish siniperca chuatsi were amplified from head kidney mrna by reverse transcription (rt)-pcr and race methods using degenerated primer and gene specific ones. in cdna sequences of the vl region, nucleotide exchanges were present mainly within cdrs, although a lesser degree of variability was also found in frs. moreover, the length of cdr1 and cdr3 in the mandarin fish is shorter than in most other fish species. in the m ... | 2003 | 12969639 |
| palmitate movement across red and white muscle membranes of rainbow trout. | we examined the movement of [3h]palmitate across giant sarcolemmal vesicles prepared from red and white muscle of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). red and white muscle fatty acid carriers have similar affinities for palmitate (apparent km = 26 +/- 6 and 33 +/- 8 nm, respectively); however, red muscle has a higher maximal uptake compared with white muscle (vmax = 476 +/- 41 vs. 229 +/- 23 pmol.mg protein-1.s-1, respectively). phloretin (250 microm) inhibited palmitate influx in red and white ... | 2004 | 12969874 |
| histologic study of head cartilage degeneration in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) infected with the parasite myxobolus cerebralis. | a light microscopy study of head cartilage tissue in rainbow trout alevins (oncorhynchus mykiss) infected with the parasite myxobolus cerebralis showed that, regardless of the presence or absence of whirling disease symptoms such as black tail and whirling swimming due to altered tail and spine morphology, some fish presented large amounts of spores lodged in the head after three months of infection. the spores were located in regions where the cartilage was extensively destroyed. | 2003 | 12974324 |
| distribution and potential role of cytosolic water-soluble phosphodiesters in fish. | the distribution of water-soluble phosphodiesters (wspdes) visible by nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) in some intact tissues of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss walbaum) and in perchloric extracts after partial purification was examined by (31)p nmr spectroscopy. the compounds of interest were serine ethanolamine phosphate (sep), threonine ethanolamine phosphate (tep), glycerophosphorylcholine (gpc), and glycerophosphorylethanolamine (gpe). tep and sep were mostly accumulated in the heart and ... | 2003 | 13130434 |
| age- and weight-dependent susceptibility of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss to isolates of infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) of varying virulence. | the virulence of 5 european and 1 north american isolate of infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) was compared by infecting female sibling rainbow trout ('isle of man' strain) of different weights and ages (2, 20 and 50 g). the fish were exposed to 10(4) tcid50 ihnv per ml of water by immersion, and the mortality was recorded for 28 d. two new ihnv isolates from germany were included in the investigation. one was isolated from european eels kept at 23 degrees c (+/- 2 degrees c) and th ... | 2003 | 13677506 |
| in vitro immunomodulating influence of methisoprinol on the head kidney phagocyte and lymphocyte activity after suppression induced by vhsv in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | the aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro influence of methisoprinol on head kidney phagocyte and lymphocyte activity after suppression induced by vhsv. the vhsv statistically significantly decreased the respiratory burst activity of head kidney phagocytes and the proliferative response of lymphocytes stimulated by cona. the results of our study showed that methisoprinol at a concentration of 100 microl/ml modulated and restored the phagocyte and lymphocyte activity suppressed by vhsv. | 2003 | 14509364 |
| the complete sequence of the mitochondrial genome of the chinook salmon, oncorhynchus tshawytscha. | the complete sequence of the mitochondrial genome of chinook salmon, oncorhynchus tshawytscha, has been determined. the circular genome consisting of 16,644 base pairs encodes thirteen proteins, the 12s and 16s ribosomal rnas, and 22 transfer rnas. these genes are ordered in the same way as most other vertebrates. the nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the ribosomal rnas and the thirteen protein-coding genes were compared with those of other salmonids such as oncorhynchus mykiss, salmo salar ... | 2003 | 14513717 |
| enhanced resistance of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), against yersinia ruckeri challenge following oral administration of bacillus subtilis and b. licheniformis (bioplus2b). | 2003 | 14513974 | |
| isolation and antimicrobial susceptibility of aeromonas salmonicida in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) in turkey hatchery farms. | three aeromonas salmonicida strains were isolated from the livers of 265 rainbow trouts sampled. the antibiotic susceptibility test results showed that a. salmonicida strains were susceptible to streptomycine and ciprofloxacin. however, they were resistant to amoxycilline + clavulanic acid, penicillin, erythromycine, oxytetracycline and cefuroxime sodium. | 2003 | 14535932 |
| association of flavobacterium psychrophilum with rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) kidney phagocytes in vitro. | the capacity of virulent and non-virulent strains of flavobacterium psychrophilum of different serotypes to associate with isolated rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss, 300-500 g) kidney phagocytes was evaluated in vitro. the results showed that f. psychrophilum was associated with the phagocytes but large differences in association were observed between the different bacterial strains examined. these differences in association with the phagocytes was not clearly related to the serotype or virule ... | 2003 | 14550665 |
| the functional characterisation of ck-1, a putative cc chemokine from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | recently a number of cytokine homologs have been cloned in teleost fish, including several that resemble chemokines, but to date few have been confirmed using functional assays. chemokines are a family of cytokines that are able to induce chemotaxis in leucocytes. in this study ck-1, a rainbow trout chemokine, was functionally characterised. recombinant ck-1 is able to attract rainbow trout peripheral blood leucocytes (pbl) in a micro-chemotaxis chamber. a greater number of pbls migrated in resp ... | 2003 | 14550667 |
| immune enhancement in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) by potential probiotic bacteria (lactobacillus rhamnosus). | the present study assessed the immune enhancement of fish by a lactic acid bacterium (lab) lactobacillus rhamnosus (atcc 53103). the bacterium was administered orally at five different doses 7.9 x 10(4) (lab4), 2.1 x 10(6) (lab6), 2.8 x 10(8) (lab8), 1.9 x 10(10) (lab10) and 9.7 x 10(10) (lab11) cfu/g feed to rainbow trout for two weeks and the feed was changed to un-supplemented diet. from the onset of feeding supplemented diets at 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks, blood and mucus samples were taken. during ... | 2003 | 14550670 |
| role of glutathione redox cycle and catalase in defense against oxidative stress induced by endosulfan in adrenocortical cells of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | the role of antioxidants in maintaining the functional integrity of adrenocortical cells during in vitro exposure to endosulfan, an organochlorine pesticide, was investigated in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). aminotriazole (ata), an inhibitor of catalase (cat), l-buthionine sulfoximine (l-bso), an inhibitor of glutathione (gsh) synthesis, and n-acetyl cysteine (nac), a glutathione precursor, were used to investigate the role of cat and gsh redox cycle in protection against the adrenal toxi ... | 2003 | 14550752 |
| exposure to water from the lower rhine induces a stress response in the rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. | the water quality of the river rhine has improved in recent years and populations of salmonids are increasing. nevertheless at present, the water from the lower rhine still contains a complex mixture of low levels of many pollutants and it is not known whether exposure to such water is stressful to salmonid fish. for 31 days we continuously exposed the trout oncorhynchus mykiss to water from the lower rhine in the netherlands and measured a variety of physiological, biochemical, and histological ... | 2003 | 14565583 |
| the in vitro and in vivo inhibitory effects of some sulfonamide derivatives on rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase activity. | the in vitro and in vivo inhibitory effects of 5-(3alpha, 12alpha-dihydroxy-5-beta-cholanamido)-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-sulfonamide (1), 5-(3alpha, 7alpha, 12alpha-trihydroxy-5-beta-cholanamido)-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-sulfonamide (2), 5-(3alpha, 7alpha, 12alpha-triacetoxy-5-beta-cholanamido)-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-sulfonamide (3) and acetazolamide on rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) (rt) erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase (ca) were investigated. the rt erythrocyte ca was obtained by affinity chromatography ... | 2003 | 14567552 |
| differential metallothionein induction patterns in three freshwater fish during sublethal copper exposure. | we assessed whether fish that tolerate higher levels of cu exposure have a higher capacity to induce metallothionein (mt) synthesis than other, more sensitive, fish species. furthermore, we examined if a correlation could be found between tissue cu accumulation and mt levels. cu accumulation and mt concentrations in gill, liver, kidney and muscle of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), common carp (cyprinus carpio) and gibel carp (carassius auratus gibelio) were measured during a 1 week exposure ... | 2003 | 14568355 |
| prevalence of listeria monocytogenes in, and microbiological and sensory quality of, rainbow trout, whitefish, and vendace roes from finnish retail markets. | the prevalence of listeria monocytogenes in retail roe, as well as the microbiological and sensory qualities of the roe, were studied for three fish species under three different storage conditions. a total of 147 finnish rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), whitefish (coregonus lavaretus), vendace (coregonus albula), and burbot (lota lota) roe samples were bought fresh, frozen, or frozen-thawed from finnish retail markets. the overall prevalence of l. monocytogenes was 5%; however, the prevalen ... | 2003 | 14572220 |
| mitochondrial dna variation of gyrodactylus spp (monogenea, gyrodactylidae) populations infecting atlantic salmon, grayling, and rainbow trout in norway and sweden. | approximately 800 bp of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase i (coi) gene were sequenced from 76 gyrodactylus specimens of 32 salmonid host populations, i.e. from salmo salar, thymallus thymallus, and oncorhynchus mykiss in norway, sweden and latvia. the coi sequences indicated a substantial intraspecific differentiation of gyrodactylus salaris and gyrodactylus thymalli. in total, 12 haplotypes were identified which group into five well supported clades, three clades with parasites from atlantic ... | 2003 | 14572510 |
| combined biological and chemical assessment of estrogenic activities in wastewater treatment plant effluents. | five wastewater treatment plant effluents were analyzed for known endocrine disrupters and estrogenicity. estrogenicity was determined by using the yeast estrogen screen (yes) and by measuring the blood plasma vitellogenin (vtg) concentrations in exposed male rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). while all wastewater treatment plant effluents contained measurable concentrations of estrogens and gave a positive response with the yes, only at two sites did the male fish have significantly increased ... | 2004 | 14574437 |
| relative resistance of pacific salmon to infectious salmon anaemia virus. | infectious salmon anaemia (isa) is a major disease of atlantic salmon, salmo salar, caused by an orthomyxovirus (isav). increases in global aquaculture and the international movement of fish made it important to determine if pacific salmon are at risk. steelhead trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, and chum, o. keta, chinook, o. tshawytscha, coho, o. kisutch, and atlantic salmon were injected intraperitoneally with a high, medium, or low dose of a norwegian strain of isav. in a second challenge, the same ... | 2003 | 14575369 |
| pathology and immunohistochemistry in three species of salmonids after experimental infection with flavobacterium psychrophilum. | rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), sea trout, salmo trutta l., and atlantic salmon, salmo salar l., were experimentally infected with flavobacterium psychrophilum in order to evaluate any species differences in susceptibility to the bacterium. furthermore, differences in pathological changes and distribution of the bacteria in internal organs were studied. the bacteria were injected intraperitoneally in two doses, high dose (hd) 1 x 10(7) colony forming units (cfu) fish(-1) and low do ... | 2003 | 14575371 |
| catecholamine secretion in trout chromaffin cells experiencing nicotinic receptor desensitization is maintained by non-cholinergic neurotransmission. | the goal of the present study was to assess the catecholamine secretory capabilities of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss chromaffin cells experiencing desensitization of the nicotinic receptor. it was hypothesized that the potential to secrete catecholamines could be maintained under conditions of nicotinic receptor desensitization owing to activation of non-cholinergic release pathways. an in situ model for chromaffin cell nicotinic receptor desensitization was developed by perfusing a posteri ... | 2003 | 14581595 |
| gonadotropin-releasing hormones modulate electrical activity of vasotocin and isotocin neurons in the brain of rainbow trout. | gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh) is widely distributed in the vertebrate brains; however, its significance in the brain function is poorly understood. both gnrh and vasopressin-family hormones are involved in control of reproductive behavior. anatomical evidence indicated the possible action of gnrh on classical neurosecretory neurons. in the present study, we examined whether gnrh modulates electrical activity of vasotocin (vt) and isotocin (it) neurons in the brain of rainbow trout (oncor ... | 2003 | 14583393 |
| mapping multiple genetic loci associated with ceratomyxa shasta resistance in oncorhynchus mykiss. | ceratomyxa shasta is enzootic to some rivers of the pacific northwest and california, and has caused extensive mortalities of salmonids, the only known host of the actinosporean stage of the pathogen. mortalities from c. shasta are induced by severe inflammation and necrosis of the intestinal tract, and no therapeutants have been discovered for the treatment of ceratomyxosis. inheritance studies by previous investigators suggested that c. shasta resistance is genetically controlled, but none hav ... | 2003 | 14598990 |
| antibodies against discocotyle sagittata (monogenea) in farmed trout. | the relationship between discocotyle sagittata intensities and host length, weight and specific anti-parasite antibody titres was studied in 3 year-classes of farmed rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss and brown trout salmo trutta at the end of the annual transmission cycle. antibody titres were significantly higher in infected farmed fish than in naive controls, indicating that infection elicits immunoglobulin production. no correlation was found between host size and parasite burdens, nor betwee ... | 2003 | 14598994 |
| recombinant human erythropoietin induces proliferation and ca(2+)-influx in specific leukocyte subpopulations of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) blood and head kidney cells. | in mammals, erythropoietin regulates the development and differentiation of erythrocytes. although hematopoietic cells of bony fish correspond in their ontogeneic development, morphology, and function to their mammalian counterparts, an erythropoietin (epo)-like molecule has not been identified. in this study we present evidence for a mitogenic response of blood and head kidney leukocytes of rainbow trout after stimulation by recombinant human epo (rhu epo). the modulation of cellular activities ... | 2004 | 14624307 |
| complete sequencing and expression of three complement components, c1r, c4 and c1 inhibitor, of the classical activation pathway of the complement system in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. | three complement components, c1r, c4 and c1 inhibitor, of the classical activation pathway have been fully sequenced and their expression investigated in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). trout c1r cdna encodes a 707-amino-acid (aa) protein with a theoretical m(r) of 77,200. the trout translation shows highest homology with carp c1r/s, and lower, equal homologies to mammalian c1r and c1s, and masps from other vertebrate species. however, phylogenetic analysis and structural features suggest t ... | 2003 | 14628103 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) c5a anaphylatoxin receptor. | in the course of suppression subtractive hybridization between the cdna of phytohemagglutinin-stimulated and non-stimulated head kidney cells in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), a cdna clone was obtained that showed most similarity to mammalian receptor for the anaphylatoxin of the fifth complement component (c5ar). the rainbow trout c5ar cdna contains a 1,679-bp nucleotide sequence that encodes a 350-amino-acid putative protein with 29.0-31.5% identity to mammalian c5ar. rainbow trout c5ar ... | 2003 | 14628104 |
| transmission dynamics of a trematode parasite: exposure, acquired resistance and parasite aggregation. | this paper examines the relative importance of exposure and susceptibility to the infection of rainbow trout ( oncorhynchus mykiss) with the trematode parasite diplostomum spathaceum under natural conditions. a total of 93 individually marked, similarly aged fish were introduced into three cages at regular time intervals and the intensity of infection in individuals recorded by counting parasites in live fish using ophthalmic techniques. fish introduced into the cages became infected faster than ... | 2004 | 14652746 |
| identification of a unique transcript down-regulated in the retina of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) at smoltification. | developmental and physiological changes in the retina of salmonid fishes occur during smoltification, a metamorphic event associated with thyroid hormone that prepares salmon for oceanic migration. these changes include loss of ultraviolet-sensitive (uvs) cone photoreceptors, switching of visual pigments, alterations in thyroid hormone regulation, and associated changes in behavior. this model provides an opportunity to study substantial neuronal development within an established retina. little ... | 2003 | 14662307 |
| haematological analyses in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss affected by viral haemorrhagic septicaemia (vhs). | rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss weighing 87 +/- 15 g (mean +/- sd) were infected with viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (vhsv) and the haematological and biochemical profiles of peripheral blood examined. depending on the clinical signs and gross pathology, the fish were divided into 2 groups: group a included fish in the acute stage, group b comprised fish in the chronic stage. red blood cells were subjected to 6 haematological tests and blood plasma to 14 biochemical tests, which provided ... | 2003 | 14667029 |
| effect of intraperitoneally administered il-1beta-derived peptides on resistance to viral haemorrhagic septicaemia in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. | the present work provides the first information concerning the immunostimulatory activity of trout interleukin (il)-1beta-derived peptides in vivo. previous studies have demonstrated the ability of 2 such peptides, referred to as p1 and p3, to up-regulate a range of important immune parameters in vitro. p1 corresponds to fragment 146-157 (yvtpvpietear) of the trout sequence and is analogous to a biologically active mammalian il-1beta-derived peptide, whilst p3 was synthesised to complex with the ... | 2003 | 14667030 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of calreticulin from rainbow trout ( oncorhynchus mykiss). | calreticulin (crt) is a highly conserved, high-capacity, calcium-binding protein shared among vertebrates, invertebrates and higher plants. its biological importance, highlighted by its highly conserved nature, is supported by its crucial physiological and immunological functions. within the endoplasmic reticulum, crt serves as a calcium modulator and a lectin-like chaperone for glycoproteins, especially class i major histocompatibility receptors. to date, crt cdna clones have been isolated from ... | 2004 | 14669059 |
| partial purification of antibacterial proteinaceous factors from erythrocytes of oncorhynchus mykiss. | antimicrobial peptides are natural antibiotics known to be present in both myeloid cells and epithelial surfaces of vertebrates. nevertheless, the reports of antimicrobial peptides isolated from blood cells of teleosts are scarce. in this paper we show that acid-soluble erythrocyte extracts from rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, display antibacterial activity against planococcus citreus on a radial diffusion assay. following tc18 solid phase extraction, cationic exchange chromatography and c18 ... | 2004 | 14675829 |
| phylogenetic analysis and in situ identification of the intestinal microbial community of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss, walbaum). | to identify the dominant culturable and nonculturable microbiota of rainbow trout intestine. | 2004 | 14678165 |
| immunohistochemical localization of two otolith matrix proteins in the otolith and inner ear of the rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss: comparative aspects between the adult inner ear and embryonic otocysts. | the fish otolith consists mainly of calcium carbonate and organic matrices, the latter of which may play important roles in the process of otolith formation. we previously identified two otolith matrix proteins, named otolith matrix protein-1 (omp-1) and otolin-1, from the rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, and the chum salmon, o. keta. in this study, recombinant proteins corresponding to omp-1 and otolin-1 were synthesized using yeast and bacterial expression systems, respectively, to produce ... | 2004 | 14689310 |
| cloning and analyses of a bpi/lbp cdna of the atlantic cod (gadus morhua l.). | using the differential screening technique, a cdna related to the mammalian family of lipid transfer/lipopolysaccharide-binding proteins was cloned from the atlantic cod (gadus morhua l.). the gene is an ortholog of a recently identified gene of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). phylogenetic analyses suggest that teleost bpi/lbp are modern descendants of the ancestor of mammalian bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (bpi) and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (lbp), and a gene of the ... | 2004 | 14698217 |
| cortisol influences the host-parasite interaction between the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and the crustacean ectoparasite argulus japonicus. | the host-parasite interaction between the rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss and the fish louse argulus japonicus was investigated by administering low levels of dietary cortisol before infecting the fish with low numbers of the parasite. after 24 h, the dietary cortisol treatment elevated blood cortisol and glucose levels and stimulated the synthesis of secretory granules in the upper layer of skin cells. infection with 6 lice per fish caused skin infiltration by lymphocytes, also in areas witho ... | 2003 | 14700191 |
| first isolation of sleeping disease virus from rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), in the united kingdom. | 2003 | 14710763 | |
| constituents within pulp mill effluent deplete retinoid stores in white sucker and bind to rainbow trout retinoic acid receptors and retinoid x receptors. | wild female and male white sucker (catostomus commersoni) inhabiting an area receiving pulp mill effluent had reduced hepatic levels of retinol, didehydroretinol, retinyl esters, and didehydroretinyl esters, while vitamin e levels were unaffected. this disruption of the retinoid system led us to test methanol and dichloromethane extracts from the effluent of 11 pulp mills from across canada for their ability to bind to rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) retinoic acid receptors (rars) from the g ... | 2003 | 14713038 |
| the effects of recombinant bovine somatotropin (rbst) on tissue igf-i, igf-i receptor, and gh mrna levels in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. | numerous studies demonstrated that rbst increased growth rates in several fish species, and several species exhibit gh production in tissues other than the pituitary. the role of tissue gh and igf-i in regulating fish growth is poorly understood. therefore an experiment was conducted to examine the effects of rbst treatment on tissue gh, igf-i, and igf-i receptor-a (ra) expression in rainbow trout. rainbow trout (550 +/- 10 g) received either intra-peritoneal injections of rbst (120 microg/g bod ... | 2004 | 14723884 |
| integrated responses of na+/hco3- cotransporters and v-type h+-atpases in the fish gill and kidney during respiratory acidosis. | using degenerate primers, followed by 3' and 5' race and "long" pcr, a continuous 4050-bp cdna was obtained and sequenced from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) gill. the cdna included an open reading frame encoding a deduced protein of 1088 amino acids. a blast search of the genbank protein database demonstrated that the trout gene shared high sequence similarity with several vertebrate na(+)/hco(3)(-) cotransporters (nbcs) and in particular, nbc1. protein alignment revealed that the trout nb ... | 2003 | 14729154 |
| efficacy of passive sand filtration in reducing exposure of salmonids to the actinospore of myxobolus cerebralis. | the aquatic oligochaete tubifex tubifex parasitized by myxobolus cerebralis releases triactinomyxon (tam) actinospores that can infect some species of salmonids and cause salmonid whirling disease. silica sand was tested as a filtration medium for removal of tams from water containing the parasite. laboratory tests indicated sand filtration removed > 99.99% of tams. in 2 different field tests, groups of 1 mo old rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss were exposed for 2 wk to filtered and unfiltered w ... | 2003 | 14735924 |
| immunity in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, against the monogenean discocotyle sagittata following primary infection. | rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) were experimentally infected by continuous or single exposure with the monogenean discocotyle sagittata. to determine whether immunity follows primary infection, fish were exposed to a secondary challenge by one of two modes: (1) primary infections were cleared with praziquantel (pzq) and hosts re-infected with 100 oncomiracidia; (2) parasites were allowed to reach maturity and hosts super-infected with 100 oncomiracidia. fish challenged after initial continuo ... | 2004 | 14740206 |
| expression of immune response genes in rainbow trout skin induced by gyrodactylus derjavini infections. | by means of semi-quantitative rt-pcr, expression of a number of immune relevant genes was studied in skin of small rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum, 1792) fry during both primary and secondary infections with the ectoparasitic monogenean gyrodactylus derjavini mikailov, 1975. the target genes studied included the cyto- and chemokines tnf-alpha1, tnf-alpha2, tgf-beta and il-8, the inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos) and cyclooxygenase (cox-2) genes and finally, two cell markers, the ... | 2004 | 14741133 |
| regulation of mitochondrial energy production in cardiac cells of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | in skinned rat cardiac fibres, mitochondrial affinity for endogenous adp generated by creatine kinase and ca2+-activated atpases is higher than for exogenous adp added to the surrounding medium, suggesting that mitochondria are functionally coupled to creatine kinase and atpases. such a coupling may be weaker or absent in ectothermic vertebrate cardiac cells, because they typically have less elaborate intracellular membrane structures, higher glycolytic capacity and lower working temperature. th ... | 2004 | 14758500 |
| differential expression of two somatostatin receptor subtype 1 mrnas in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | somatostatins (sss) play important roles in the growth, development and metabolism of vertebrates. in this study, cdnas for two unique somatostatin receptor variants were cloned and sequenced from rainbow trout. the two cdnas, one consisting of 1755 bp and the other of 1743 bp, share 63.6% identity in nucleotide sequence and 94.1% identity in deduced amino acid sequence and presumably arose through gene duplication. each cdna encodes for a putative 371-amino acid somatostatin receptor (one desig ... | 2004 | 14766000 |
| analysis of ribosomal rna intergenic spacer (igs) sequences in species and populations of gyrodactylus (platyhelminthes: monogenea) from salmonid fish in northern europe. | the intergenic spacer (igs) region of ribosomal rna genes was amplified and sequenced from a variety of gyrodactylus specimens collected from wild and farmed atlantic salmon salmo salar, rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss, and grayling thymallus thymallus, from various locations in northern europe. phylogenetic analysis of the sequences confirmed the distinction between g. salaris malmberg, 1957 and g. thymalli zitnan, 1960, supporting their validity as separate species. g. salaris adapted to rai ... | 2003 | 14960037 |
| gene transfer to fish cells by attenuated invasive escherichia coli. | genetic immunization has proved effective in a number of applications including vaccination of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) against the fish pathogen infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus. however, injection vaccines, especially in aquaculture, are not as desirable as oral or immersion dosing schemes. in this report we present evidence that attenuated invasive escherichia coli can infect and deliver plasmid dna to salmonid fish cells. | 2002 | 14961263 |
| development and application of a salmonid est database and cdna microarray: data mining and interspecific hybridization characteristics. | we report 80,388 ests from 23 atlantic salmon (salmo salar) cdna libraries (61,819 ests), 6 rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) cdna libraries (14,544 ests), 2 chinook salmon (oncorhynchus tshawytscha) cdna libraries (1317 ests), 2 sockeye salmon (oncorhynchus nerka) cdna libraries (1243 ests), and 2 lake whitefish (coregonus clupeaformis) cdna libraries (1465 ests). the majority of these are 3' sequences, allowing discrimination between paralogs arising from a recent genome duplication in the s ... | 2004 | 14962987 |
| cloning, tissue distribution, pharmacology and three-dimensional modelling of melanocortin receptors 4 and 5 in rainbow trout suggest close evolutionary relationship of these subtypes. | the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) is one of the most widely used fish species in aquaculture and physiological research. in the present paper, we report the first cloning, 3d (three-dimensional) modelling, pharmacological characterization and tissue distribution of two melanocortin (mc) receptors in rainbow trout. phylogenetic analysis indicates that these receptors are orthologues of the human mc4 and mc5 receptors. we created 3d molecular models of these rainbow trout receptors and their ... | 2004 | 14965341 |
| a single major chromosomal region controls natural killer cell-like activity in rainbow trout. | we report the identification of a single major chromosomal region controlling natural killer (nk) cell-like activity in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). a genetic map based on 484 aflp and 39 microsatellite genotypes from 106 doubled haploid fish was constructed. these fish were produced by androgenesis from a hybrid of two clonal lines divergent in nk-like activity. nk-like activities for 75 of the doubled haploids were quantified by an in vitro chromium release assay utilizing (51)cr-label ... | 2004 | 14968267 |
| differential handling of urea and its analogues suggests carrier-mediated urea excretion in freshwater rainbow trout. | the possible presence of urea transport mechanisms in the gill and kidney of the freshwater rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) was investigated in vivo by comparing the branchial and renal handling of analogues acetamide and thiourea with the handling of urea. trout were fitted with indwelling dorsal aortic catheters and urinary catheters and injected with an isosmotic dose of [(14)c]-labeled urea analogue (acetamide or thiourea) calculated to bring plasma analogue concentrations close to plasm ... | 2003 | 14988794 |
| myxobolus cerebralis: identification of a cathepsin z-like protease gene (myxcp-1) expressed during parasite development in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. | cysteine proteases are essential to the biological function of parasitic organisms and are gaining interest as the target of chemotherapeutics aimed at their control. we report a cysteine protease gene from the myxozoan myxobolus cerebralis, the cause of whirling disease in salmonid fish. the mature gene (myxcp-1) encodes a 248-amino acid polypeptide that includes catalytic residues similar to the papain family of cysteine proteases. myxcp-1 features a propeptide region and sequence insertions t ... | 2003 | 14990313 |
| effects of running water on brainstem lateral line responses in trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, to sinusoidal wave stimuli. | we investigated how single units in the medial octavolateralis nucleus of the rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, respond to a 50-hz vibrating sphere in still and running water. four types of units were distinguished. type mi units ( n=16) were flow-sensitive; their ongoing discharge rates either increased or decreased in running water, and as a consequence, responses of these units to the vibrating sphere were masked if the fish was exposed to water flow. type mii units ( n=7) were not flow-sen ... | 2004 | 14997333 |
| detection and antigenic characterization of salmonid alphavirus isolates from sera obtained from farmed atlantic salmon, salmo salar l., and farmed rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum). | a simple method of detecting the presence of the salmonid alphaviruses (savs), salmon pancreas disease virus (spdv) and sleeping disease virus (sdv), from serum samples is described. using a 96-well tissue-culture plate format, test sera are diluted in medium and added to chinook salmon embryo (chse-214) cells. after incubation for 3 days at 15 degrees c, plates are fixed and stained using a monoclonal antibody (mab)-based immunoperoxidase (ipx) detection system, and virus-infected cells are obs ... | 2004 | 15009240 |
| initial steps of speciation by geographic isolation and host switch in salmonid pathogen gyrodactylus salaris (monogenea: gyrodactylidae). | to test the hypothesis that host-switching can be an important step in the speciation of gyrodactylid monogenean flatworms, we inferred the phylogeny within a cluster of parasites morphologically close to gyrodactylus salaris malmberg 1957, collected from atlantic, baltic and white sea salmon (salmo salar), farmed rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), and grayling (thymallus thymallus) from northern europe. the internal transcribed spacer region of the nuclear ribosomal gene was sequenced for tax ... | 2004 | 15013741 |
| binding of vibrio anguillarum to neutral glycosphingolipids from intestinal mucosa of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | to test whether glycosphingolipids (gsls) on the intestinal mucosa of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) serve as a binding receptor for vibrio anguillarum, we analyzed neutral gsls from rainbow trout intestinal mucosa and investigated the binding of bacteria to neutral gsls. two kinds of neutral gsls, designated n-1 and n-2, were identified on high-performance thin-layer chromatography (tlc) plates. in tlc immunostaining tests, v. anguillarum bound only to galactosylceramide (galcer), lactosyl ... | 2004 | 15031552 |
| comparative susceptibility of atlantic salmon, lake trout and rainbow trout to myxobolus cerebralis in controlled laboratory exposures. | the susceptibility of lake trout salvelinus namaycush, rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss and atlantic salmon salmo salar to myxobolus cerebralis, the causative agent of whirling disease, was compared in controlled laboratory exposures. a total of 450 (225 for each dose) fry for each species were exposed to a low (200 spores per fish) or high (2000 spores per fish) dose of the infective triactinomyxon. at 22 wk post-exposure, 60 fish from each group, as well as controls for each species, were exa ... | 2004 | 15038448 |
| comparative responses of molluscs and fish to environmental estrogens and an estrogenic effluent. | it is now well established that there is a diverse array of chemical discharged into the environment that can mimic or antagonise the action of hormones. these endocrine-disrupting chemicals (edcs) can thus interact with physiological systems and cause alterations in development, growth and reproduction in wildlife that are exposed to them. as yet, however, there is little information on the relative sensitivities of different wild life groups to these chemicals and/or mixtures of them (e.g. est ... | 2004 | 15046010 |
| intra-strain dioxin sensitivity and morphometric effects in swim-up rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | inter and intra-specific differences in sensitivity of early life stage salmonids to 2,3,7,8-tcdd exposure have been reported, but intra-strain differences have not been found in the literature. our results indicate that intra-strain variability in terms of embryo mortality (ld50) is small in eagle lake strain of rainbow trout, ld50 values ranging from 285 to 457 pg tcdd egg g(-1). these results confirm eagle lake as a less sensitive strain within rainbow trout, and do not indicate overlap with ... | 2004 | 15050925 |
| modelling of fish interleukin-1 and its receptor. | this paper presents original data regarding: the three-dimensional modelling of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and sea bass (dicentrarchus labrax) il-1beta, the modelling of trout il-1 receptor type i (il-1ri) and the modelling of trout il-1beta bound to its receptor. the 3d models of trout and sea bass il-1beta molecules were predicted by comparison with those already available of human and mouse, and, in both cases, a structure consisting of a beta-trefoil fold was obtained, a motif well ... | 2004 | 15062642 |
| effects of alkylphenols on cyp1a and cyp3a expression in first spawning atlantic cod (gadus morhua). | alkylphenols are continuously released into the ocean as a result of offshore oil production. alkylphenols, including 4-tert-butylphenol (c4), 4n-pentylphenol (c5), 4n-hexylphenol (c6), and 4n-heptylphenol (c7), up to 237 ppb concentrations, have been detected in produced water from oil platforms. previous studies have shown that alkylphenols induce vitellogenesis in fish. atlantic cod (gadus morhua) of both sexes were force-fed with various doses ranging between 0.02 and 80 ppm of a mixture of ... | 2004 | 15084407 |
| tissue distribution and effects on hepatic xenobiotic metabolising enzymes of 2,3,3',4,4'-pentachlorobiphenyl (pcb-105) in cod (gadus morhua) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | 2,3,3',4,4'-pentachlorobiphenyl, pcb-105 (iupac no. 105) was orally administered twice with a 4-day interval between dosings (total dose 10 mg kg(-1) body weight) to gonadally immature cod and rainbow trout of both sexes. the fish were killed 9 and 17 days after the first treatment, and the effects of pcb-105 on hepatic xenobiotic metabolising enzymes were determined by examining the cytochrome-p450-dependent ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase (erod) and aldrin epoxidase activities, and the erod-catal ... | 1994 | 15091667 |
| experimental infection of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss with viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus isolates from european marine and farmed fishes. | the susceptibility of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss to infection with various isolates of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (vhsv) was examined. a total of 8 experiments with rainbow trout ranging from 0.6 to 6.2 g was conducted for 139 isolates originating from wild marine fishes in european waters (115 isolates), farmed turbot from scotland and ireland (2 isolates), and farmed rainbow trout (22 isolates). the isolates were tested by immersion and/or intraperitoneal injection either as p ... | 2004 | 15109131 |
| impact of a water temperature shift on xenoma clearance and recovery time during a loma salmonae (microsporidia) infection in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. | previous studies have modelled the relationship between water temperature and the rate of sporulation as defined by xenoma formation during microsporidial gill disease (mgd) in salmon caused by loma salmonae. although offering insight into the epidemiology of mgd, a key unexplored area is the role of temperature in the rate of xenoma dissolution including spore release into the environment, and this is crucial to our ability to model horizontal transmission of mgd within confined net-pen populat ... | 2004 | 15109141 |
| effect of temperature on the structure of trout troponin c. | adaptation for life at different temperatures can cause changes in many aspects of an organism. one example is the expression of different protein isoforms in species adapted to different temperatures. the calcium regulatory protein cardiac troponin c (ctnc), from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), is a good model for studying temperature effects, both because of its low physiological temperature and because mammalian ctnc, extensively studied at higher temperatures, can be used for comparison ... | 2004 | 15109253 |
| fatty acid pattern, oxidation product development, and antioxidant loss in muscle tissue of rainbow trout and dicentrarchus labrax during growth. | the levels of hydrophilic, lipophilic, and enzymatic antioxidants, the oxidative damage to lipids and proteins, and the fatty acid patterns of triglyceride and phospholipid fractions were assayed in fresh muscle tissue of rainbow trouts (oncorhynchus mykiss) and sea basses (dicentrarchus labrax) during aging, to investigate the correlation between oxidative stress and aging processes in fish. the present studies suggests that lipid peroxidation and accumulation of oxidized proteins during in viv ... | 2004 | 15113162 |
| expression of map1b protein and its phosphorylated form map1b-p in the cns of a continuously growing fish, the rainbow trout. | microtubule-associated protein-1b (map1b), and particularly its phosphorylated isoform map1b-p, play an important role in axonal outgrowth during development of the mammalian nervous system and have also been shown to be associated with axonal plasticity in the adult. here, we used antibodies and mrna probes directed against mammalian map1b to extend our analysis to fish species, trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), at different stages of development. the specificity of the cross-reaction of our anti-to ... | 2004 | 15120583 |
| enhancement of innate immunity in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss walbaum) associated with dietary intake of carotenoids from natural products. | the effects of orally administered carotenoids from natural sources on the non-specific defense mechanisms of rainbow trout were evaluated in a nine-week feeding trial. fish were fed four diets containing either beta-carotene or astaxanthin at 100 and 200 mg kg-1 from the marine algae dunaliella salina and red yeast phaffia rhodozyma, respectively, and a control diet containing no supplemented carotenoids. specific growth rate and feed:gain ratio were not affected by dietary carotenoid supplemen ... | 2004 | 15123294 |
| sequencing and expression of the second allele of the interleukin-1beta1 gene in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss): identification of a novel sine in the third intron. | a lambda clone containing a rainbow trout il-1beta1 gene was isolated by a pcr screening strategy from a genomic library cloned in lambda gem-11, and an ecori fragment from this clone was fully sequenced, and contained 1680 bp 5'-flanking sequence, the whole il-1beta1 gene open reading frame, and the 3'-flanking region with two potential poly a signals and poly a sites. this clone encoded a protein that shared 99.8% identity to the previously published trout il-1beta1 cdna sequence, with only th ... | 2004 | 15123302 |
| analysis and characterisation of il-1beta processing in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. | mammalian il-1beta is produced as a biologically inactive 31 kda precursor, which is converted to the active 18 kda form by proteolytic processing. synthesis and processing of native piscine il-1beta is poorly understood. in the present study, the native il-1beta precursor or mature peptides were detected at sizes of approx. 29 kda and 24 kda in cell lysates of a rainbow trout macrophage cell line rts-11, with or without lps stimulation, by western blot analysis using a polyclonal antibody again ... | 2004 | 15123312 |
| the auxotrophic aroa mutant of aeromonas hydrophila as a live attenuated vaccine against a. salmonicida infections in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | an auxotrophic aroa mutant of the aeromonas hydrophila ag2 strain is a live attenuated vaccine against a. hydrophila infection in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). the protection conferred by the live attenuated vaccine against a. salmonicida strains is reported here, and several parameters of the specific and non-specific immune response in vaccinated trout were characterised. vaccination with a dose of 10(7)cells/fish of the aroa mutant elicited significant protection against the hooke and ... | 2004 | 15123323 |
| identification and expression analysis of an il-18 homologue and its alternatively spliced form in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | a homologue of interleukin 18 has been identified from rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. the trout il-18 gene spans 3.7 kb and consists of six exons and five introns, sharing the same gene organization with its human counterpart. the putative translated protein is 199 amino acids in length with no predicted signal peptide. analysis of the multiple sequence alignment reveals a conserved ice cut site, resulting in a mature peptide of 162 amino acids. the trout il-18 shares 41-45% similarity with ... | 2004 | 15128301 |
| brain glucose and insulin: effects on food intake and brain biogenic amines of rainbow trout. | the effects of central (intracerebroventricular, 9 microg fish(-1)) and peripheral (intraperitoneal, 4 mg kg(-1)) administration of bovine insulin, as well as the effect of hyperglycemia (oral administration of 1 g glucose fish(-1)) and brain glucodeprivation (intracerebroventricular administration of 2-deoxy-d-glucose) on food intake and levels of brain (telencephalon, preoptic area, and hypothalamus) biogenic amines (serotonin, dopamine, noradrenaline and their metabolites 5-hydroxyindoleaceti ... | 2004 | 15138792 |
| two novel muramidases from skin mucosa of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | two novel antibacterial muramidases were purified to homogeneity from skin exudates of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). unusually, one has an acidic isoelectric point and it is the first anionic muramidase to be reported for fish. its molecular mass is 14,268 da, as determined by mass spectrometry. the other muramidase is cationic with a mass of 14,252 da. partial n-terminal amino acid sequencing and peptide mapping strongly point to it being a c-type lysozyme, the first to be purified and c ... | 2004 | 15142536 |