| 11-ketotestosterone suppresses interrenal activity in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | interrenal activity in relation to sexual maturity in male rainbow trout, and the effects of in vivo treatment with 11-ketotestosterone (11-kt) were investigated. silastic pellets containing either 11-kt or no steroid were implanted in maturing male and immature male and female rainbow trout for a total of 11 weeks. two weeks before termination of the experiment, animals were subjected to crowding, and blood samples were taken 15-90 min after initial disturbance. at the termination of the experi ... | 1996 | 8812400 |
| a highly repetitive sequence isolated from genomic dna of the medaka (oryzias latipes). | a highly repetitive interspersed dna sequence (mre) was isolated from the genome of medaka, oryzias latipes, and characterized. three distinct sequences of mre were cloned and compared. the conserved sequences of mre were approximately 220 bp in length. on average, one copy of mre was present in every 153 kb, and the number of copies of mre in the genome was calculated to be approximately 9800. mre constituted approximately 0.14% of the genome. mre-related sequences were not detected in carp (cy ... | 1996 | 8817927 |
| dioxinlike properties of a trichloroethylene combustion-generated aerosol. | conventional chemical analyses of incineration by-products identify compounds of known toxicity but often fail to indicate the presence of other chemicals that may pose health risks. in a previous report, extracts from soot aerosols formed during incomplete combustion of trichloroethylene (tce) and pyrolysis of plastics exhibited a dioxinlike response when subjected to a keratinocyte assay. to verify this dioxinlike effect, the complete extract, its polar and nonpolar fractions, some containing ... | 1996 | 8841759 |
| 3,5,3'-triiodo-l-thyronine and l-thyroxine uptake into red blood cells of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. | uptake of the thyroid hormones (th) 3,5,3'-triiodo-l-thyronine (t3) and l-thyroxine (t4) by trout red blood cells (rbc) was studied by incubating washed rbc in a balanced salts medium containing glucose and [125i]th at the fish acclimation temperature of 12 degrees. rbc were separated from the medium by centrifugation through silicone oil and glycine buffer (ph 10.5). maximal [125i]t3 uptake occurred by 10-15 min, but not by 60 min for [125i]t4. first-order uptake was measured at 30 sec for t3 a ... | 1996 | 8860308 |
| evidence of a protein c-like anticoagulant system in bony fish. | evidence is presented, confirming the presence of an anticoagulant system in the plasma of atlantic salmon (salmo salar l) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss walbaum) (order: teleostei, family: salmonidae) that bears striking similarities with the protein c anticoagulant system in mammals; its vitamin k-dependence was documented through a warfarin feeding trial. a potent activator of this system is the protein c activator from the venom of the central american moccasin, agkistrodon bilineatu ... | 1996 | 8873347 |
| cloning and expression of the proteolipid protein dm20 cdna from the brain of the rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. | the myelin sheath in higher vertebrates consists predominantly of proteolipid protein (plp) and its smaller isoform dm20. mutations in the plp gene produces several neurological disorders such as pelizaeus-merzbacher disease and the rumpshaker phenotype in mice. this paper describes the cloning and expression of dm20 from the brain of rainbow trout. we have isolated a nearly full-length cdna clone containing 1835 bp that codes for a protein of 258 amino acids. trout dm20 shows extensive homology ... | 1996 | 8883944 |
| characteristics of current international trade of live salmonid eggs. | world trade in live salmonid embryos (eyed eggs) has grown in response to increased global salmon production, particularly in south america, and parallels international trade in farmed salmonid products. rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), atlantic salmon (salmo salar) and coho salmon (o. kisutch) are the most commercially important species. in 1992, the food and agriculture organization of the united nations estimated world production of rainbow trout at 300,000 tonnes, while the production of ... | 1996 | 8890373 |
| disease problems of salmonid fish in japan caused by international trade. | the author details the connection between disease outbreaks in salmonid fish and imports of salmonid eggs into japan since the 1950s. the following diseases and species are involved: -infectious pancreatic necrosis in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) -infectious haematopoietic necrosis in sockeye ( of 'kokanee') salmon (o. nerka) and masu salmon (o. masu) -cold water disease, erythrocyte inclusion body syndrome, and bacterial kidney disease (caused by renibacterium salmoninarum) in coho salmo ... | 1996 | 8890379 |
| a simplified pcr-based method for the detection of renibacterium salmoninarum utilizing preparations of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss, walbaum) lymphocytes. | a method for the detection of renibacterium salmoninarum by pcr is described. a rapid, reliable procedure was developed for the extraction of dna, which could be applied to infected kidney homogenates and head kidney lymphocyte preparations. the target for dna amplification was a 376-bp region of the gene encoding the 57-kda major surface antigen (msa). the pcr was specific for r. salmoninarum and allowed the detection of 10 to 100 cells of the pathogen. use of the pcr for the examination of exp ... | 1996 | 8899978 |
| vimentin in a cold-water fish, the rainbow trout: highly conserved primary structure but unique assembly properties. | we have isolated from a rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) spleen cdna library a clone coding for vimentin. the deduced amino acid sequence reveals a high degree of identity with vimentin from carp (81%), frog (71%), chick and human (73% each). large stretches in the central alpha-helical rod are identical within all four classes of vertebrates, but in 17 residues spread over the entire rod, the two fish differ distinctly from the tetrapod species. in addition, in the more diverged non-helical ... | 1996 | 8907703 |
| pathology of epizootic haematopoietic necrosis virus (ehnv) infection in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss walbaum) and redfin perch (perca fluviatilis l). | the gross and histopathological lesions of epizootic haematopoietic necrosis virus (ehnv) infection in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss walbaum) and redfin perch (perca fluviatilis l) were examined during epidemiological studies on an endemically infected trout farm and in experimentally infected fish of the same two species maintained in the laboratory. intercurrent infections were common in rainbow trout in field outbreaks, producing a variety of lesions and clinical signs, but the following ... | 1996 | 8910739 |
| humoral immunoglobulins of the white sturgeon, acipenser transmontanus: partial characterization of and recognition with monoclonal antibodies. | white sturgeon (acipenser transmontanus) immunoglobulin (ig) was purified from serum by two methods, ion-exchange chromatography and gel filtration and precipitation of the euglobulin fraction. the purity of these immunoglobulin preparations was confirmed by gel electrophoresis. sequence analysis of the n-terminal amino acids confirmed that the purified protein was immunoglobulin. the major portion of the immunoglobulin preparation consisted of two proteins with estimated molecular weights (m.w. ... | 1996 | 8915630 |
| an aeromonas salmonicida gene required for the establishment of infection in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | the asob gene of aeromonas salmonicida is located approximately 9 kb downstream of the structural gene (vapa) for the surface layer (a-layer). the nucleotide sequence of asob was determined and found to encode a putative polytopic cytoplasmic membrane protein which exhibited homology to a number of bacterial transport proteins. allele exchange mutagenesis of asob resulted in a mutant (a449-d) which was avirulent when administered by bath immersion. however, when administered by intraperitoneal i ... | 1996 | 8917088 |
| influence of environmental temperature on experimental infection of redfin perch (perca fluviatilis) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) with epizootic haematopoietic necrosis virus, an australian iridovirus. | experimental transmission of epizootic haematopoietic necrosis virus (ehnv) to adult redfin perch perca fluviatilis and juvenile rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss was undertaken at different water temperatures using intraperitoneal (ip) and bath inoculation. redfin perch were highly susceptible to ehnv by both routes of infection. bath inoculation with as few as 0.08 tcid50.ml-1 was lethal. the incubation period in redfin perch was about 11 days at a water temperature of 19-21 degrees c but was ... | 1995 | 8929189 |
| production of recombinant insulin-like growth factor-ii in the development of a radioimmunoassay in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) insulin-like growth factor-ii (igf-ii) cdna was amplified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and cloned into an expression vector (parhs3) for production by escherichia coli. recombinant rainbow trout igf-ii (rtigf-ii) was recovered from bacterial inclusion bodies, solubilized, and purified by gel filtration chromatography under reducing conditions. after refolding of the peptide by dialysis at basic ph, we obtained a final yield of 820 microgr ... | 1996 | 8930606 |
| isolation and expression of cdnas from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) that encode two novel basic helix-loop-helix/per-arnt-sim (bhlh/pas) proteins with distinct functions in the presence of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. evidence for alternative mrna splicing and dominant negative activity in the bhlh/pas family. | cdnas encoding two distinct basic helix-loop-helix/per-arnt-sim (bhlh/pas) proteins with similarity to the mammalian aryl hydrocarbon nuclear translocator (arnt) protein were isolated from rtg-2 rainbow trout gonad cells. the deduced proteins, termed rtarnta and rtarntb, are identical over the first 533 amino acids and contain a basic helix-loop-helix domain that is 100% identical to human arnt. rtarnta and rtarntb differ in their cooh-terminal domains due to the presence of an additional 373 ba ... | 1996 | 8940073 |
| antigenic characterization of the salmonid pathogen piscirickettsia salmonis. | piscirickettsia salmonis, the etiological agent of salmonid rickettsial septicemia, was purified from infected immortal chinook salmon (oncorhynchus tshawytscha) embryo cells by a combination of differential and percoll density gradient centrifugation. immune sera from rabbits immunized with purified whole cells of p. salmonis reacted with four protein antigens and two carbohydrate antigens with relative molecular sizes of 65, 60, 54, 51, 16, and approximately 11 kda, respectively. the carbohydr ... | 1996 | 8945567 |
| in vitro studies on the regulation of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) macrophage respiratory burst activity. | modulation of the respiratory burst activity of head kidney macrophages isolated from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) was observed following treatment with several biologically active substances. macrophage-activating factor (maf) induced the highest increment if respiratory burst activity relative to treatment with lipopolysaccharide (lps), tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf alpha) or beta-glucans from saccharomyces cerevisiae. increased responses were more evident when these molecules were c ... | 1996 | 8955595 |
| in the trout, crh and avt synergize to stimulate acth release. | anterior pituitaries of the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) were incubated with graded concentrations of arginine vasotocin (avt) or synthetic rat corticotrophin-releasing hormone (rcrh-41), alone or in combination, and the acth secreted into the medium was measured by a sensitive cytochemical bioassay. the aim was to determine the relative potencies of the two secretogogues and whether, in this fish species, they act synergistically. rat crf-41 and avt both produced concentration-dependent ... | 1996 | 8988522 |
| transmission experiments to determine the relationship between sphaerospora sp. from atlantic salmon, salmo salar, and sphaerospora truttae: a revised species description for s. truttae. | extrasporogonic stages of sphaerospora sp. from the kidneys of atlantic salmon (salmo salar l.) were successfully transmitted via intra-peritoneal injection to naive atlantic salmon and brown trout (salmo trutta l.). rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss walbaum) could not be infected in this way. transmitted extrasporogonic stages continued their development to form sporogonic stages and mature spores in the kidney tubules. extrasporogonic stages, sporogonic stages and mature spores of the parasit ... | 1996 | 8991868 |
| analysis of vh gene diversity in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss): both nonsynonymous and synonymous nucleotide changes are more frequent in cdrs than in frs. | forty-six immunoglobulin vh gene sequences of rainbow trout were compiled to analyze the extent of variations and the frequency of nucleotide changes in cdrs and frs. the results show that the frequency of nonsynonymous (amino acid replacing) changes (ka) are on average 4.9 times higher in complementarity determining regions (cdrs) than in frs, thus contributing more diversity in cdrs. unexpectedly, however, the frequency of synonymous (silent) changes (ks) show the same tendency: it was 5.3 tim ... | 1997 | 8995187 |
| [new details of the life cycle of myxobolus cerebralis according to the literature]. | the article comprises new details of the life cycle of myxobolus cerebralis, the parasite of the skeleton of salmonids. although this species has been known since 1903, its complete life cycle has remained unknown till now or it has comprised mistaken details. recently el matbouli et al. (1995) have described the life cycle of this parasite with numerous new data. m. cerebralis provokes in salmonids (especially in rainbow trouts) the whirling disease and heavy economical losses. therefore the ar ... | 1996 | 9012131 |
| immunisation of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss with a multiple antigen peptide system (maps). | to test the effectiveness of a multiple antigen peptide system (maps) as a method of vaccinating fish against peptides, rainbow trout were immunised with two maps containing the decapeptide gnrh. the first (maps 1) was homologous for gnrh, whereas the second (maps 2) was heterologous and contained alternating sequences of gnrh and a measles virus t cell epitope. following vaccination with varying concentrations of the maps, serum antibody titres were monitored for 10 weeks. only maps administere ... | 1996 | 9014321 |
| calcium oscillations in a subpopulation of s-antigen-immunoreactive pinealocytes of the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | by means of the fura-2 technique and image analysis the intracellular concentration of free calcium ions [ca2+]i was examined in isolated rainbow trout pinealocytes identified by s-antigen immunocytochemistry. approximately 30% of the pinealocytes exhibited spontaneous [ca2+]i oscillations whose frequency differed from cell to cell. neither illumination with bright light nor dark adaptation of the cells had an apparent effect on the oscillations. removal of extracellular ca2+ or application of 1 ... | 1997 | 9030414 |
| effect of gonadal steroid hormones on plasma growth hormone concentrations in sexually immature rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. | in the present study we investigated the effects of gonadal steroid hormones on plasma growth hormone (gh), triiodothyronine (t3), and thyroxine (t4) levels in steroid-primed sexually immature rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, in order to determine whether changes in plasma gh and thyroid hormone levels during sexual maturation are a result of elevated gonadal steroid levels or are an altered condition associated with reproduction (as proposed by sumpter et al., 1991b). we found no significant ... | 1997 | 9038257 |
| effects of extracellular calcium concentrations and calcium antagonists on vitellogenin induction by estradiol-17 beta in primary hepatocyte culture in the rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. | the involvement of calcium in vitellogenin (vg) synthesis in response to estradiol-17 beta (e2, 2 x 10(-6) m) was electrophoretically examined in primary hepatocyte culture in the rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. the relative rate of vg synthesis was evaluated by measuring the integrated optical density of the vg band after sds-page and expressed as a percentage of vg to total proteins. the induction of vg by e2 did not occur at 0 meq ca/liter, while some proteins other than vg (main subunit) ... | 1997 | 9073491 |
| the toxic and accumulative effects of short-term exposure to cadmium in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | groups of 20 trout (oncorynchus mykiss) were exposed for 3-w periods to different subacute oral doses of cl2cd (0.01, 0.025 or 0.05 microgram cd/ml). cadmium toxicity and accumulation were studied in kidney, liver, gills, muscle and brain weekly. cadmium determination was carried out using atomic absorption spectrocopy (aas) with graphite furnace. after 21 d exposure, cadmium concentrations increased significantly. in all tissues studied except muscle and brain. cadmium storage presented the fol ... | 1997 | 9080631 |
| organochlorine pesticide residues in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, taken from four fish farms in león, spain. | | 1997 | 9115143 |
| biochemical characterization of microcystin toxicity in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | the kinetics and biochemical effects of microcystins in rainbow trout were studied with freeze-dried toxic cells of microcystis aeruginosa, strain pcc 7806. following in vivo exposure the changes in liver histology were observed over a 72 hr period and the absorption of microcystins from the gastrointestinal tract into the blood and liver, as well as the inhibition of hepatic protein phosphatase 1 and 2a activities, were recorded using the protein phosphatase inhibition assay. the interaction be ... | 1997 | 9133713 |
| the neuronal system of the saccus vasculosus of trout (salmo trutta fario and oncorhynchus mykiss): an immunocytochemical and nerve tracing study. | the neuronal system of the saccus vasculosus of two species of trout was studied with immunocytochemical methods and carboindocyanine-dye (dii) tract-tracing. the cerebrospinal-fluid-contacting neurons of the saccus were immunoreactive for gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba), glutamic acid decarboxylase (gad), and neuropeptide y (npy). immunostaining of alternate sections of the saccus vasculosus of fry with anti-gad and anti-npy indicated that these substances were colocalized. the tractus sacci vas ... | 1997 | 9134862 |
| cloning of the p53 tumor suppressor gene from the japanese medaka (oryzias latipes) and evaluation of mutational hotspots in mnng-exposed fish. | a full-length cdna clone of the medaka (oryzias latipes) p53 tumor suppressor gene was isolated from a cdna library from adult liver tissue, sequenced and characterized. sequence analysis revealed a high degree of homology between putative functional domains of medaka p53 and p53 genes from other vertebrate taxa including rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), frog (xenopus laevis), chicken (gallus gallus), rat (rattus norvegicus), mouse (mus musculus), hamster (mesocricetus auratus), green monkey ... | 1997 | 9161419 |
| immunohistochemical detection of vhs virus in paraffin-embedded specimens of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss): the influence of primary antibody, fixative, and antigen unmasking on method sensitivity. | the influence of the primary antibody, the fixative, and the antigen unmasking technique on the method sensitivity of immunohistochemistry as a method for the identification of viral hemorrhagic septicemia (vhs) virus in paraffin-embedded specimens of naturally infected rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) was examined. fish (200-300 g) were collected during an outbreak of vhs. parallel specimens from liver, spleen, kidney, and brain were fixed by immersion in 10% phosphate-buffered formalin, per ... | 1997 | 9163887 |
| development of a time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay (tr-fia) for testosterone: measurement of serum testosterone concentrations after testosterone treatment in the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | a sensitive time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay (tr-fia) for testosterone was developed, and the assay system was used for measuring serum testosterone concentrations in rainbow trout. testosterone-3-(o-carboxymethyl)oxime-bovine serum albumin (t-3-cmo-bsa) was immobilized by physical adsorption to the wells of microtiter plates. a competitive assay using two antibodies was performed among t-3-cmo-bsa in the solid-phase, unknown amounts of testosterone, testosterone antibodies, and europium labeled ... | 1997 | 9169114 |
| cloning of the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) mx2 and mx3 cdnas and characterization of trout mx protein expression in salmon cells. | two rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) mx cdnas were cloned by using race (rapid amplification of cdna ends) pcr and were designated rbtmx2 and rbtmx3. the deduced rbtmx2 and rbtmx3 proteins were 636 and 623 amino acids in length with molecular masses of 72 and 70.8 kda, respectively. these proteins, along with the previously described rbtmx1 protein (g. d. trobridge and j. a. leong, j. interferon cytokine res. 15:691-702, 1995), have between 88.7 and 96.6% identity at the amino acid level. all ... | 1997 | 9188599 |
| individual diurnal plasma profiles of thyroid hormones in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) in relation to cortisol, growth hormone, and growth rate. | in order to characterize the individual diurnal plasma profiles of triiodothyronine (t3) and thyroxine (t4) in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), blood samples from 41 fish were taken every hour during a 24-hr period, through a catheter inserted into the dorsal aorta. the possible influences of day-night alternation, sex, and diet (feed intake, time of meals) on thyroid hormone (th) profiles were analyzed. the existence of relations between diurnal plasma profiles of t3, t4, t3/t4 ratio, and t ... | 1997 | 9208307 |
| glucuronidation of thyroxine and 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine by hepatic microsomes in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. | we studied the glucuronidation of thyroxine (t4) and 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (t3) in the hepatic microsomal fraction of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. uridine diphosphoglucuronosyl transferase (udpgt) activity toward t4 depended on both protein concentration (linear up to about 0.75 mg/ml) and time (linear up to 60 min). the optimal ph for glucuronidation was 6.8-7.8 units for t4 and > or = 8.5 units for t3. at a common ph of 7.8, the apparent km and vmax values were, respectively, 6.0 mum ... | 1997 | 9214721 |
| cyp4t1--a cytochrome p450 expressed in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) liver. | total rna isolated from a rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) liver was subjected to rt/pcr using degenerate primers designed from homologous regions amongst cytochrome p450 cyp4 proteins. pcr amplification resulted in a single electrophoretic band which was excised, purified and sequenced directly, using cycle sequencing. the deduced protein sequence demonstrated the closest amino acid identity to rabbit cyp4b1 (54.6%) and rat cyp4b2 (55.4%). phylogenic analysis of this sequence was found to be ... | 1997 | 9240430 |
| effects of 17alpha,20beta-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one on cortisol production by rainbow trout interrenal tissue in vitro. | physiological levels of 17alpha,20beta-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17, 20-p) stimulated time- and dose-dependent increases in cortisol production by rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) interrenal tissue cultured in vitro. significant stimulation occurred in response to 100, 300, and 1000 ng/ml of 17,20-p. lower doses were ineffective. elevated cortisol levels were observed 1 hr after addition of 300 ng/ml 17,20-p. no additive or synergistic interaction was evident between human adrenocorticotropi ... | 1997 | 9245525 |
| oral immunization of rainbow trout with antigen microencapsulated in poly(dl-lactide-co-glycolide) microparticles. | the model protein antigen, human gamma globulin (hgg) was microencapsulated in poly(dl-lactide-co-glycolide) microparticles and administered orally to rainbow trout. oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum, 1792). using a western blotting technique it was demonstrated that the dynamics of passage through the gut were different for the microencapsulated and soluble antigen. the association of hgg with microparticles increased the retention time of the antigen in the stomach and delayed its entry into the in ... | 1997 | 9269049 |
| immunization with viral antigens: infectious pancreatic necrosis. | clinical ipn has traditionally been observed in brook trout (salvelinus fontinalis) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). however, during the past 10 years outbreaks of ipn have been reported frequently in farmed atlantic salmon (salmo salar l.) in norway. acute ipn with high mortality is observed in fry at start feeding and in smolt in the first six months after transfer to seawater. today ipn is the most important infectious disease in norway in farmed fish, giving economic losses of about ... | 1997 | 9270848 |
| vibrio damsela associated with diseased fish in denmark. | a total of 26 vibrio damsela strains were isolated in denmark. fifteen strains were isolated from the head kidney of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) in aquaculture, eight were from organs of two stingrays (dasyatis pastinaca) held in captivity, two were from organs and pathological material of a nurse shark (orectolobus ornatus) held in captivity, and one was from the water in the aquarium where the rays and shark were kept. this is the first report on the isolation of v. damsela in denmark ... | 1997 | 9293023 |
| a new natriuretic peptide isolated from cardiac atria of trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. | atrial and brain natriuretic peptides (anp and bnp, respectively) are two cardiac natriuretic peptides (nps) found in tetrapods from amphibians to mammals, whereas anp and ventricular np (vnp) have been identified in eel hearts. because vnp has also been found in the rainbow trout ventricle, we attempted to isolate np from trout cardiac atria in order to determine whether anp and vnp are common cardiac nps in teleosts. in the present experiments, we isolated vnp and a novel atrial np consisting ... | 1997 | 9315723 |
| immunolocalization of h+-atpase in the gill epithelia of rainbow trout | the localization of proton pumps (h+-atpase) in gill epithelia of rainbow trout [oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum)] was elucidated by immunofluorescence microscopy, using rabbit polyclonal antibodies against the 70 kda subunit of h+-atpase purified from clathrin-coated vesicles of bovine brain. in the gill epithelia of freshwater trout, the immunostaining was uniformly distributed along the lamellae and generally concentrated in apical regions. it is concluded, therefore, that h+-atpase is located i ... | 1994 | 9317571 |
| extracellular carbonic anhydrase and an acid-base disequilibrium in the blood of the dogfish squalus acanthias | the electrometric [delta]ph method and an in vitro radioisotopic hco3- dehydration assay were used to demonstrate the presence of true extracellular carbonic anhydrase (ca) activity in the blood of the pacific spiny dogfish squalus acanthias. an extracorporeal circulation and stopflow technique were then used to characterise the acid­base disequilibrium in the arterial (postbranchial) blood. during the stopflow period, arterial ph (pha) decreased by 0.028±0.003 units (mean ± s. ... | 1997 | 9317577 |
| immunolocalization of proton pumps (h+-atpase) in pavement cells of rainbow trout gill | the expression of the v-type proton atpase (h+-atpase) was examined in the gill of the freshwater rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) using immunocytochemistry in concert with laser scanning confocal or electron microscopy. a synthetic peptide consisting of the carboxy-terminal region of the 31 kda subunit of the bovine renal h+-atpase was used to generate an antiserum in rabbits, and its suitability for use in trout gill was confirmed by western blotting. gill epithelial cells demonstrated spec ... | 1995 | 9320557 |
| the regiospecific hydroxylation of lauric acid by rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) cytochrome p450s. | we have reexamined the hydroxylation of [1-14c]-lauric acid by trout liver microsomes and reconstituted trout p450s using a new hplc system that gave an improved separation of hydroxylauric acids. under these conditions, hepatic microsomes from yearling juvenile trout were shown to form omega-, (omega-1)-, (omega-2)-, (omega-3)-, (omega-4)-, (omega-5)-, and (omega-6)-oh lauric acid oxidation products (12-oh, 11-oh, 10-oh, 9-oh, 8-oh, 7-oh, and 6-oh lauric acid, respectively) as verified by gc/ms ... | 1997 | 9321521 |
| structure of a fish (oncorhynchus mykiss) vitellogenin gene and its evolutionary implication. | in this paper we describe the first complete structure of a fish vitellogenin gene. a 22 kb genomic region from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) was cloned and analysed. this region was shown to contain two tandemly arranged vitellogenin genes. both genes are 98.7% similar, indicating that they result from a recent local duplication. the complete sequence encoding one of the two genes was determined and the gene organization was established. the gene is 10.3 kb long and has 34 exons, it lacks ... | 1997 | 9332360 |
| production of putative virulence factors by renibacterium salmoninarum grown in cell culture. | a cell culture system, employing the fish cell line epithelioma papillosum cyprini (epc), was developed to study the synthesis of intracellular antigen and the expression of putative virulence factors by renibacterium salmoninarum. epc cultures infected with r. salmoninarum could be maintained for 7 weeks, during which the pathogen multiplied intracellularly. immunohistochemical examination of infected cultures revealed the production of the p57 antigen, haemolysin and cytolysin. the intracellul ... | 1997 | 9353936 |
| cortisol inhibits glycosaminoglycan synthesis in cultured rainbow trout cartilage. | in vitro actions of corticosteroids (cortisol, 11-deoxycortisol, cortisone, and corticosterone) as well as interaction between cortisol and triiodothyronine (t3) or recombinant human insulin-like growth factor-i (rhigf-i) on cartilage glycosaminoglycan (gag) synthesis in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) were examined. uptake of [35s]sulfate by isolated branchial cartilage was measured as a marker for gag synthesis. in vitro exposure of cartilage to cortisol at concentrations of 10, 100, and 1 ... | 1997 | 9378276 |
| inhibitory guanine-nucleotide-binding-regulatory protein alpha subunits in medaka (oryzias latipes) oocytes--cdna cloning and decreased expression of proteins during oocyte maturation. | we have previously shown that pertussis-toxin-sensitive inhibitory guanine-nucleotide-binding-regulatory proteins (g proteins) are involved in the signal transduction of steroidal maturation-inducing hormone (mih) of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) oocytes, 17alpha,20beta-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17alpha,20beta-dp) [yoshikuni, m. & nagahama, y. (1994) dev. biol. 166, 615-622]. in this study, we obtained five different cdna fragments of g protein alpha subunits from medaka (oryzias latipes) ... | 1997 | 9395335 |
| adrenocortical and adrenomedullary homologs in eight species of adult and developing teleosts: morphology, histology, and immunohistochemistry. | morphology, histology, and immunohistochemistry of the adrenocortical and adrenomedullary homologs (adrenal glands) of the following developing and adult teleosts were examined: salmoniformes-oncorhynchus mykiss (rainbow trout), salmo trutta fario (brown trout), coregonus lavaretus (white fish); cyprinodontiformes-gambusia affinis (mosquito fish). perciformes-dicentrarchus labrax (sea bass), sparus aurata (sea bream), diplodus sargus (white bream), oblada melanura (saddled bream). the anatomical ... | 1997 | 9405124 |
| molecular characterisation of ovarian cathepsin d in the rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. | in fish, cathepsin d, an aspartyl protease, is believed to mediate the processing of yolk proteins in the oocyte. cathepsin d, therefore, is vital for the production of a viable egg. this study set out to isolate and sequence the cdna encoding cathepsin d, and to determine the developmental expression of the message in the ovary and subsequently during embryogenesis in the rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. the full-length trout cathepsin d cdna is 1847 base pairs (bp) long, encoding a protein ... | 1997 | 9409770 |
| are integrins involved in the aggregatory and phagocytic behaviour of fish haemostatic cells? | the involvement of a putative integrin-like fibrinogen receptor in the aggregatory and phagocytic behaviour of thrombocytes (platelet equivalents of fish) from the rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss was studied. aggregation of trout thrombocytes was induced by the thromboxane mimetic u-46619 in the presence of trout fibrinogen. thrombocyte aggregation was inhibited by the tetrapeptide rgds, but not by rges or fibrinogen binding inhibitor peptide (hhlggakqagdv). a range of monoclonal antibodies ag ... | 1998 | 9438834 |
| partial purification and characterization of six transglutaminases from ordinary muscles of various fishes and marine invertebrates. | six transglutaminases were prepared from ordinary muscles of scallop (patinopecten yessoensis), botan shrimp (pandalus nipponensis), squid (todarodes pacificus), carp (cyprinus carpio), rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), and atka mackerel (pleurogrammus azonus), and their physicochemical and enzymatic properties were compared with each other. the km value of carp transglutaminase for monodansyl cadaverine, a kind of primary amines, was 0.33 mm, while the other enzymes had km values of 0.01-0.0 ... | 1997 | 9440224 |
| blood volume, plasma volume and circulation time in a high-energy-demand teleost, the yellowfin tuna (thunnus albacares) | we measured red cell space with 51cr-labeled red blood cells, and dextran space with 500 kda fluorescein-isothiocyanate-labeled dextran (fitc-dextran), in two groups of yellowfin tuna (thunnus albacares). red cell space was 13.8+/-0.7 ml kg-1 (mean +/- s.e.m.) assuming a whole-body hematocrit equal to the hematocrit measured at the ventral aortic sampling site and no significant sequestering of 51cr-labeled red blood cells by the spleen, blood volume was 46. 7+/-2.2 ml kg-1. this is within the r ... | 1998 | 9450974 |
| n-acetyl-l-glutamate and the urea cycle in gulf toadfish (opsanus beta) and other fish. | carbamoyl phosphate synthetase i (cpsase i) catalyzes the first reaction of the urea cycle in mammalian ureotelic species. the positive allosteric cofactor n-acetyl-l-glutamate (aga) is required for cpsase i activity and is important for regulation of the urea cycle. a similar enzyme, cpsase iii, catalyzes this reaction in fish; cpsase iii differs from cpsase i in that it utilizes glutamine as the nitrogen-donating substrate instead of ammonia. aga also stimulates the cpsase iii-catalyzed reacti ... | 1998 | 9466820 |
| factors influencing the steady-state distribution and exchange of thyroid hormones between red blood cells and plasma of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. | we studied effects of in vitro conditions on the steady-state distribution and exchange of thyroid hormones (th) between red blood cells (rbc) and plasma of rainbow trout. at steady state at 12 degrees c the rbc contained 5-11% of l-thyroxine (t4), 14-23% of 3,5,3'-triiodo-l-thyronine (t3), and 23-24% of 3,3',5'-triiodo-l-thyronine (rt3) present in whole blood. the steady-state distribution was (i) higher in immature than in mature trout for t3, (ii) increased by incubation temperature from 0 to ... | 1998 | 9473370 |
| effects of stress on the reproductive performance of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | we investigated the effects of stress over the final stages of sexual maturation on the reproductive performance of female rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. stress was administered over the period of early vitellogenesis (1.5 mo), late vitellogenesis-final maturation (1.5 mo), or during both periods (3 mo). each stress treatment and control was triplicated, with eight females in each replicate (n = 24 fish per treatment). the eggs and progeny of each female were kept separate, and observations ... | 1998 | 9475400 |
| the application of an in vitro perfused liver preparation to examine the effects of epinephrine and bovine thyroid-stimulating hormone on triiodo-l-thyronine release from the liver of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | an isolated, perfused rainbow trout liver preparation was developed to investigate the action of nonthyroidal hormones on hepatic thyroid hormone metabolism. several assessments were made of the stability and viability of the preparations under a range of conditions, including measures of lactate dehydrogenase flux and tissue atp and glycogen content, all of which indicated that the perfused liver was stable for the 60-min perfusion period. moreover, the liver preparations were responsive to an ... | 1998 | 9479486 |
| microenvironment of gyrodactylus derjavini on rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss: association between mucous cell density in skin and site selection. | microhabitat selection of gyrodactylus derjavini on the body surface of rainbow trout changed markedly during a 6-week experimental infection period. pectoral fins, pelvic fins and anal fins were the most important sites (expressed in terms of parasite density) during the initial part of the infection. in the later stages of infection, the corneal surface and tail fin became increasingly more heavily infested. factors responsible for this dynamic site selection were investigated. the density of ... | 1998 | 9491421 |
| the genome of salmonid herpesvirus 1. | salmonid herpesvirus 1 (salhv-1) is a pathogen of the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). restriction endonuclease mapping, cosmid cloning, dna hybridization, and targeted dna sequencing experiments showed that the genome is 174.4 kbp in size, consisting of a long unique region (u(l); 133.4 kbp) linked to a short unique region (u(s); 25.6 kbp) which is flanked by an inverted repeat (r(s); 7.7 kbp). u(s) is present in virion dna in either orientation, but u(l) is present in a single orientation. ... | 1998 | 9499051 |
| localization and partial characterization of melatonin receptors in amphioxus, hagfish, lamprey, and skate. | through its secretion of melatonin, the pineal complex of vertebrates exerts a range of physiological effects including regulation of circadian rhythms, seasonal reproduction, metamorphosis, and body color change. little is known about phylogenetic differences in the distribution and characteristics of melatonin binding sites in fishes. we used in vitro autoradiography to examine binding of [2-125i]iodomelatonin (imel) in 20-micron frozen sections of amphioxus (branchiostoma lanceolatum), atlant ... | 1998 | 9514841 |
| biotransformation, tissue distribution, and persistence of 4-nonylphenol residues in juvenile rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | alkylphenols are weak oestrogenic environmental contaminants and have been implicated in the disruption of endocrine function in wildlife. the influence of biotransformation, tissue distribution, and elimination on biological activity was investigated in juvenile rainbow trout following a single iv dose of [3h]4-nonylphenol. distribution and elimination of [3h]4-nonylphenol residues in tissues sampled 1, 2, 4, 24, 48, 72, and 144 hr after dosing was determined by sample combustion and liquid sci ... | 1998 | 9531523 |
| expression of cyp2m1, cyp2k1, and cyp3a27 in brain, blood, small intestine, and other tissues of rainbow trout. | expression of five constitutive forms of cytochrome p450 [(lmc1 (cyp2m1), lmc2 (cyp2k1), lmc3, lmc4, and lmc5 (cyp3a27)] in selected tissues from sexually immature 2-year old female and male rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) were examined at the translational level by western blot using polyclonal antibodies raised in rabbits against those purified trout hepatic p450s. tissues examined were from brain, liver, muscle, blood, head kidney, trunk kidney, upper intestine, stomach, heart, and gonad ... | 1998 | 9535744 |
| effects of subchronic exposure to cadmium chloride on endocrine and metabolic functions in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. | adult and juvenile rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, were exposed for 30 days to cdcl2 in water (10 and 25 micrograms cd/l for adults, and 1 and 5 micrograms cd/l for juveniles) to investigate effects of subchronic exposures to cd on the hypothalamo-pituitary-interrenal and the hypothalamo-pituitary-thyroid axis, and on metabolic status. liver size and glycogen content and body mass gain were significantly reduced in the exposed adult fish and similar changes were detected in the juveniles. pl ... | 1998 | 9543508 |
| production of triploid transgenic zebrafish, brachydanio rerio (hamilton). | eggs of zebrafish brachydanio rerio were heat-shocked just after fertilisation to induce triploidy and subsequently subjected to microinjection with the linear recombinant plasmid containing the rous sarcoma virus-long terminal repeat (rsv-ltr) promoter linked to the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) growth hormone (gh)cdna(prsvrtgh). slot and southern analyses showed the extra chromosomal transfer of prsvrtgh. expression of prsvrtgh was detected in the triploid transformants by rna slot, nort ... | 1997 | 9567756 |
| particle clearance from the gills of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | the rate of particle clearance from the gills was assessed in healthy rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), challenged with the formalin-killed bacterium flavobacterium branchiophilum, as well as in fish with altered ventilation levels produced by varying the concentrations of dissolved oxygen (do) in the water. the clearance of f. branchiophilum from the gills was quantified by means of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. fish held under normoxic conditions (do = 9.5 mg/l) showed an initial ra ... | 1998 | 9595355 |
| the ecology of endoparasitic helminth infections of brown trout (salmo trutta) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) in scotland. | two hundred and forty brown trout (salmo trutta) and 49 rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), obtained from 21 locations in central scotland between october 1990 and august 1993, were examined for endoparasitic helminth infections. crepidostomum farionis (digenea) was the most widely distributed helminth species, followed by eubothrium crassum (cestoda), diphyllobothrium dendriticum and d. ditremum (cestoda), neoechinorhynchus rutili (acanthocephala), echinorhynchus truttae (acanthocephala), eust ... | 1995 | 9599425 |
| experiments on second intermediate fish host related cercarial transmission of the eyefluke diplostomum spathaceum into rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | the effect of host variables such as size and density, on the transmission of cercariae of diplostomum spathaceum (rudolphi, 1819) into a second intermediate fish host, rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), was studied quantitatively in laboratory experiments under varying exposure conditions. differences in the number of established metacercariae were noted in differently sized fish exposed singly to the same number of cercariae and in water volumes related to the body surface area of t ... | 1995 | 9599427 |
| immunostimulatory effects of dimerized lysozyme (klp-602) on the nonspecific defense mechanisms and protection against furunculosis in salmonids. | utilization of natural immunostimulants in fish culture offers a wide range of attractive methods for inducing and building protection against diseases. lysozyme is an enzyme with bacteriolytic properties and is ubiquitous in its distribution among living organisms. this enzyme has antiviral, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. in nature, lysozyme is found as a monomer. lysozyme dimer is significantly less toxic than its monomer, and its high biological activity has been ascertained ... | 1998 | 9613448 |
| temperature dependent population growth of gyrodactylus derjavini on rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. | rainbow trout were experimentally infected with the ectoparasitic monogenean gyrodactylus derjavini at three temperatures, 5.5 degrees c, 11.6 degrees c and 18.7 degrees c. subsequently, the infection level was monitored during the following 6 weeks. the population growth was positively correlated with temperature in the initial part of the investigation. at 18.7 degrees c growth of the parasite population was fast reaching a peak abundance within 3 weeks, whereafter the infection level decrease ... | 1998 | 9639894 |
| in vitro interaction of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus and leukocytes from trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and turbot (scophthalmus maximus). | viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (vhsv), a well known salmonids pathogen, has also been reported to be pathogenic for turbot (scophthalmus maximus). in the present work, the replication of vhsv was studied in vitro in turbot head kidney macrophages and blood leukocytes. vhsv was able to infect both primary cultures and viral titer increased with time, either inside the cells or in the supernatant. however, no cytopathic effect was observed during the experiments and the titers were always lo ... | 1998 | 9646440 |
| oral pharmacological treatments for parasitic diseases of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. i: hexamita salmonis. | various drugs were evaluated as regards efficacy for the treatment of hexamita salmonis infection in rainbow trout. the results confirm the efficacy of nitroimidazoles: infection was completely eradicated not only by metronidazole (which has been recommended previously for the treatment of hexamitosis), but also by benznidazole, ronidazole and secnidazole, which have not been assayed previously. the non-nitroimidazoles albendazole, aminosidine, diethylcarbamazine and nitroscanate also completely ... | 1998 | 9653458 |
| isolation and characterization of rhamnose-binding lectins from eggs of steelhead trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) homologous to low density lipoprotein receptor superfamily. | two l-rhamnose-binding lectins named stl1 and stl2 were isolated from eggs of steelhead trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) by affinity chromatography and ion exchange chromatography. the apparent molecular masses of purified stl1 and stl2 were estimated to be 84 and 68 kda, respectively, by gel filtration chromatography. sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry of these lectins revealed that stl1 was compo ... | 1998 | 9668106 |
| binding and lethal effect of complement from oncorhynchus mykiss on gyrodactylus derjavini (platyhelminthes: monogenea). | a lethal effect of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss plasma containing intact complement factors on gyrodactylus derjavini was demonstrated. it was associated with binding of complement factor c3 to certain carbohydrate-rich parasite structures. parasites were exposed in vitro to plasma from rainbow trout. untreated plasma from infected and uninfected fish showed lethal effects on the parasites within 1 h, whereas prior heat inactivation of complement prevented any parasite killing. inhibition o ... | 1998 | 9676245 |
| electron microscope studies of the in vitro phagocytosis of mycobacterium spp. by rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss head kidney macrophages. | the cytological response of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss head kidney macrophages to ingested mycobacterium spp. was examined in vitro. mycobacterium marinum or mycobacterium sp. tb267 isolated from snakehead fish channa striata bloch were opsonised with either fresh rainbow trout serum, serum which had been heat-inactivated, or rainbow trout antiserum against the extracellular products (ecp) of the 2 mycobacterium spp. a monoclonal antibody against the ecp was also used as an opsonin. suspe ... | 1998 | 9676251 |
| identification and modulation of a growth hormone-binding protein in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) plasma during seawater adaptation. | a soluble protein that specifically bound 125i-human growth hormone (hgh) was identified in rainbow trout plasma, using hplc-gel filtration. the binding affinity of the protein for hgh was 1.2 x 10(9)m-1. 125i-rainbow trout gh (tgh) was also able to bind to the protein albeit with a lower affinity (6.6 x 10(7)m-1) than hgh. crosslinking experiments using 125i-hgh revealed two specific bands of 150 and 130 kda. the complex 125i-hgh-bp could be precipitated by a monoclonal anti-gh receptor antibod ... | 1998 | 9679093 |
| detection of humoral antibodies to renibacterium salmoninarum in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss and atlantic salmon salmo salar challenged by immersion and in naturally infected populations. | humoral antibodies to heat-stable antigens of renibacterium salmoninarum (rs) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss and in atlantic salmon salmo salar challenged by immersion. a slow antibody response was found: 3% (1/30) was positive 4 wk after immersion and 72% (26/36) was positive after 8 wk. all 30 fish sampled after 4 wk were found to be infected, as determined by bacterial culture and/or the presence of soluble antigens in the kidne ... | 1998 | 9684315 |
| expression of rat gene for l-gulono-gamma-lactone oxidase, the key enzyme of l-ascorbic acid biosynthesis, in guinea pig cells and in teleost fish rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | the ability of rainbow trout liver and kidney preparations to produce l-ascorbic acid with an added source of l-gulono-gamma-lactone oxidase (glo) and the absence of their own glo activity suggested that the reason for the absence of l-ascorbic acid biosynthesis in fish and in guinea pig, a scurvy-prone mammal, can be similar. nevertheless, results of rat glo cdna expression in guinea pig cells and in rainbow trout proved different. in guinea pig cells, rat glo was expressed in a functional form ... | 1998 | 9685663 |
| isolation and functional analysis of the histone h3 promoter from atlantic salmon (salmo salar l.). | the histone h3 (sh3) promoter of atlantic salmon (salmo salar) was cloned via polymerase chain reaction using primers designed from the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) promoter sequence. a comparison of the nucleotide sequence with the equivalent sequences from rainbow trout and sockeye salmon (oncorhynchus nerka) revealed a high degree of conservation. in vivo expression analysis of the sh3 promoter was carried out in both rainbow trout and zebrafish (danio rerio) embryos. a direct comparis ... | 1998 | 9701610 |
| indicative and pathogenic microbiological quality of aquacultured finfish grown in different production systems. | the nature and number of indicator and pathogenic microbes in fish reared using recirculating and nonrecirculating water systems were compared. for each system, 20 samples of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), tilapia (oreochromis spp.), hybrid striped bass (morone saxatilis x m. chrysops), and pacu (piaractus mesopotamicus) were randomly selected and gutted, and microbial analyses were performed using aoac procedures. five fish were subsampled and analyzed for indicative microbial quality wit ... | 1998 | 9708283 |
| growth of inoculated psychrotrophic pathogens on refrigerated fillets of aquacultured rainbow trout and channel catfish. | aquacultured rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) fillets were inoculated with the psychrotrophic pathogens listeria monocytogenes and aeromonas hydrophila: cell populations were monitored during refrigerated storage at 2 to 4 degrees c. fillets of both species were placed individually in sterile plastic bags and inoculated with cell suspensions (10(4.7) cfu/100 g of fish) of either a. hydrophila or l monocytogenes or of both a. hydrophila and l. monocyto ... | 1998 | 9708302 |
| isolation of the first piscine transforming growth factor beta gene: analysis reveals tissue specific expression and a potential regulatory sequence in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | the nucleotide sequence of a rainbow trout transforming growth factor beta (tgf-beta) peptide is presented, which translates into a 382 amino acid precursor molecule containing a 20 amino acid leader and a mature peptide of 112 amino acids. the mature peptide has nine conserved cysteines and a conserved proline (position 36) and glycine (position 46), all characteristics of tgf-beta superfamily molecules. within the precursor region are three glycosylation sites, two in common with known tgf-bet ... | 1998 | 9722928 |
| route of vaccine administration: effects on the specific humoral response in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. | the specific humoral response of teleost fish to extracellular bacteria was examined using a rainbow trout-vibrio anguillarum model. treatment groups were immunized by oral, immersion, and injection routes. all 3 delivery methods conferred full protection in controlled laboratory challenges (p < 0.01). prior to boosting, serum antibody titers did not correlate with protection in the orally and immersion-vaccinated groups, but, contrary to previous studies, titers measured 10 and 17 d after boost ... | 1998 | 9745714 |
| oral pharmacological treatments for parasitic diseases of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. ii. gyrodactylus sp. | a total of 24 drugs were evaluated as regards their efficacy for oral treatment of gyrodactylosis in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. in preliminary trials, all drugs were supplied to infected fish at 40 g per kg of feed for 10 d. twenty-two of the drugs tested (aminosidine, amprolium, benznidazole, bithionol, chloroquine, diethylcarbamazine, flubendazole, levamisole, mebendazole, metronidazole, niclosamide, nitroxynil, oxibendazole, parbendazole, piperazine, praziquantel, ronidazole, secnidaz ... | 1998 | 9745715 |
| oral pharmacological treatments for parasitic diseases of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. iii. ichthyobodo necator. | a total of 32 drugs were evaluated as regards their efficacy for oral treatment of ichthyobodo necator infestation of rainbow trout. in preliminary trials, all drugs were supplied to infected fish at 40 g per kg of feed for 10 d. the majority of the drugs tested (1,3-di-6-quinolylurea, aminosidine, amprolium, benznidazole, bithionol, chloroquine, diethylcarbamazine, dimetridazole, diminazene aceturate, febantel, flubendazole, ketoconazole, levamisole, mebendazole, netobimin, niclosamide, niridaz ... | 1998 | 9745716 |
| competitive binding of xenobiotic oestrogens to rat alpha-fetoprotein and to sex steroid binding proteins in human and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) plasma. | the ability of a variety of "environmental oestrogens" to compete with radiolabelled steroids to rat alpha-fetoprotein (afp) and to sex steroid binding proteins was investigated in human and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) plasma. for [3h]oestradiol binding to afp, diethylstilbestrol and 4-nonylphenoxyacetic acid showed significant competition at concentrations about 100-fold greater than oestradiol (relative binding affinities approximately 1% c.f. oestradiol). all other compounds (phytooes ... | 1998 | 9748407 |
| impact assessment of a wastewater treatment plant effluent using the fish biomarker ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase: field and on-site experiments. | the impact of a wastewater treatment plant (wwtp) effluent was assessed with the fish biomarker ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase (erod) using field and on-site laboratory experiments. erod activity was measured in chub (leuciscus cephalus) and stone loach (noemacheilus barbatulus) caught at three sites of the chalaronne river (southeast france). liver somatic index (lsi) and organochloride bioaccumulation in muscle were estimated for chub only. in september, erod activity and lsi of chub increased s ... | 1998 | 9756685 |
| effect of cryopreservation on the fine structure of spermatozoa of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and brown trout (salmo trutta f. fario) | freeze-fracture electron microscopy has revealed that changes are induced in the organization of the plasma membranes of spermatozoa of rainbow and brown trout when they are cryopreserved. electron-micrographic images of spermatozoa that had not been exposed to cryopreservation showed a protoplasmic surface with particles homogeneously distributed. the concentration of the particles was low. in the median portion of the tail the authors observed longitudinal strips, consisting of particles locat ... | 1998 | 9787071 |
| plasma proteins of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) isolated by binding to lipopolysaccharide from aeromonas salmonicida. | in an attempt to find plasma proteins that might be involved in the constitutive resistance of rainbow trout to furunculosis, a disease caused by aeromonas salmonicida (as), we purified serum and plasma proteins based on their calcium- and carbohydrate-dependent affinity for a. salmonicida lipopolysaccharide (lps) coupled to an epoxy-activated synthetic matrix (toyopearl af epoxy 650m). a multimeric family of high molecular weight (96 to 200-kda) lps-binding proteins exhibiting both calcium and ... | 1998 | 9787816 |
| evolution of oogenesis: the receptor for vitellogenin from the rainbow trout. | receptors that transport vitellogenin (vtg) into oocytes are of vital importance to egg-laying species because they mediate a key step in oocyte development. here we describe the cloning of the first piscine oocyte-specific receptor cdna, i.e., that encoding the vtg receptor from the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). the receptor, a 826-residue type-i membrane protein, is a member of the low density lipoprotein receptor (ldlr) superfamily. it closely resembles the mammalian so-called very low ... | 1998 | 9788239 |
| cryptosporidium parvum: an attempt at experimental infection in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. | a study was carried out on rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss fed with a commercial feed contaminated with bovine-isolated cryptosporidium parvum oocysts whose viability and infectivity were previously tested by inoculation of oocysts to neonatal swiss cd-1 mice. histological examination of hematoxylin-eosin-stained gastrointestinal sections from control and c. parvum-exposed fish revealed no life-cycle stages of cryptosporidium in any part of the apical border of the digestive tract. however, se ... | 1998 | 9794634 |
| ectoparasitic species of the genus trichodina (ciliophora: peritrichida) parasitising british freshwater fish. | seven species of the genus trichodina ehrenberg, 1838 were identified during a sampling programme of twenty freshwater fish species from approximately sixty sites in scotland, england and wales. species found include: trichodina acuta lom, 1961 from cyprinus carpio l., carassius auratus l., oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), salmo trutta l. and phoxinus phoxinus l.; trichodina domerguei wallengren, 1897 from gasterosteus aculeatus l.; trichodina tenuidens faure-fremiet, 1944 from gasterosteus aculea ... | 1998 | 9805782 |
| cloning, sequencing, and tissue expression of cyp3a27, a new member of the cyp3a subfamily from embryonic and adult rainbow trout livers. | screening of lambdagt11 and lambdagt22a cdna libraries of livers from adult females and embryos of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), respectively, using rabbit anti-rainbow trout cytochrome p450 lmc5 polyclonal antibodies showed that there were identical cdnas of 1802-bp nucleotides with open reading frames coding for proteins containing 518 amino acids (59,206 da, pi = 6.39). the cdna was assigned cyp3a27 by the p450 nomenclature committee to represent the first cyp3a subfamily member report ... | 1998 | 9826429 |
| studies on the eosinophilic granule cells in the gills of the rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. | eosinophilic granule cells (egcs) found in the gills, skin and alimentary canals of fish have been likened to mammalian mast cells in terms of their structure and function. to investigate this situation further, gill explant cultures from the rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, were set-up and incubated with either lipopolysaccharide (lps; 5 micrograms ml-1) or human recombinant tumour necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha; 25 iu ml-1) alone or in combination for 7 days. examination of histological s ... | 1998 | 9827047 |
| sulfation of thyroid hormones by liver of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. | we studied hepatic sulfation of thyroid hormones (th) in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. sulfation of thyroxine (t4) and 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (t3) was detected in the cytosolic (63-67%), microsomal (12-16%), nuclear (12-14%) and mitochondrial/lysosomal (7-8%) fractions. using 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (paps) as a sulfate donor, sulfation of t4 and t3 by the cytosolic fraction depended on protein concentration and time. the ph profiles for t4- and t3-sulfation were broad and ov ... | 1998 | 9827058 |
| a nested polymerase chain reaction for the detection of genomic dna of myxobolus cerebralis in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. | a nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr) test was developed to amplify a segment of the 18s rrna gene from myxobolus cerebralis, the agent causing whirling disease in salmonid fish. the pcr amplifies a 415 bp amplicon that was identified by dideoxynucleotide terminated sequencing to be identical to the known 18s rdna sequence of m. cerebralis. there was no amplification of genomic dna from 4 other myxosporean parasites of salmonid fish from the genus myxobolus including m. arcticus, m. insidiosu ... | 1998 | 9828408 |
| organochlorine pesticide residues in muscle tissue of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, taken from four fish farms in león, spain. | levels of nine organochlorine pesticides (lindane, heptachlor epoxide, aldrin, dieldrin, endrin, o,p'-tde, p,p'-tde, p,p'-dde and p,p'-ddt) were determined in muscle samples of rainbow trout, onchorhynchus mykiss, collected from four fish farms in the province of león, in the north-west of spain (europe). the highest incidence percentage was for lindane (67.5%) and heptachlor epoxide (55.0%). organochlorine residue levels detected contributed slightly to acceptable daily intakes (adis) establish ... | 1998 | 9829032 |
| environmental effects on transmission of discocotyle sagittata (monogenea): egg production and development. | egg production by the freshwater gill monogenean discocotyle sagittata infecting rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) was monitored at 5, 13 and 18 degrees c; eggs were incubated at 6, 10, 13, 15, 16, 18, 22 and 26 degrees c and the hatching times determined. mean per capita output at 13 degrees c ranged from 0.8 eggs/worm/day (e/w/d) to 18.3 e/w/d for 25 hosts (burdens 1-17 worms/host). average egg production rates for worms in single burdens varied from 3 e/d to 14.6 e/d at 13 degrees c, mean 7 ... | 1998 | 9836315 |
| truncated particles produced in fish surviving infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus infection: mediators of persistence? | infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) is a rhabdovirus that produces an acute, lethal infection in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). fish that survive infection cease to produce detectable infectious virus at approximately 46 days after infection, yet there is evidence that survivor fish continue to harbor virus particles (b. s. drolet, p. p. chiou, j. heidel, and j. c. leong, j. virol. 69:2140-2147, 1995). in an effort to determine the biological function of these particles, the kid ... | 1999 | 9847400 |