Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| vector specificity of trypanosoma catostomi and its infectivity to freshwater fishes. | trypanosoma catostomi was found in 36.2% of 558 white suckers (catostomus commersoni) from ontario, canada. the abundance of actinobdella inequiannulata was 35% (68 leeches/197 suckers examined for leeches). the susceptibility of 3 species of leeches (hemiclepsis marginata, desserobdella phalera, and a. inequiannulata) and 7 species of fishes (c. commersoni, amia calva, anguilla rostrata, ictalurus nebulosus, oncorhynchus mykiss, perca flavescens, and esox lucius) to infection with t. catostomi ... | 1992 | 1738075 |
| the piscine plasma retinol-binding protein. purification, partial amino acid sequence and interaction with mammalian transthyretin of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) retinol-binding protein. | 1. retinol-binding protein (rbp) has been isolated from the pooled plasma or rainbow trouts (oncorhinchus mykiss) by gel filtration, hydrophobic interaction chromatography and ion-exchange chromatography. by this procedure two forms of the protein, both with a molecular mass (approximately 20 kda) similar to that of mammalian rbp, were purified to homogeneity. five amino acid substitutions have been found in the partial (about 60%) sequences of the two forms of trout rbp, which are presumably ac ... | 1992 | 1740159 |
| effects of human insulin-like growth factor-i on release of growth hormone by rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) pituitary cells. | a recombinant human igf-i (rhigf-i) was applied to primary cultures of rainbow trout pituitary cells. in wells containing 3 x 10(4) and 6 x 10(4) cells/well, rhigf-i inhibited basal gh release both in short (6 h) and long (12 and 24 h) exposures. the decline in gh release was dose-dependent over the range of 0.01 and 100 mm. the combination of rhigf-i and low concentrations of synthetic somatostatin (srif) enhanced the inhibitory effect of rhigf-i in an additive manner. any appreciable effect of ... | 1992 | 1640199 |
| interrelationships between gill chloride cell morphology and calcium uptake in freshwater teleosts. | the involvement of the freshwater fish gill chloride cells (ccs) in trans-branchial calcium uptake (jinca(2+)) was investigated. this was accomplished by assessing the interspecific relationships between the apical surface area of ccs exposed to the external environment and jinca(2+). three species of freshwater teleosts, the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), the american eel (anguilla rostrata) and the brown bullhead catfish (ictalurus nebulosus), were used. chronic (ten-day) treatment with ... | 1992 | 24214330 |
| ependymins from the cerebrospinal fluid of salmonid fish: gene structure and molecular characterization. | so far, ependymins (epds) have been sequenced only from cypriniform fish, and in the past all attempts have failed to characterize, on a molecular level, homologous epd proteins in higher vertebrates. therefore, rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) epds, which represent the predominant proteins of the cerebrospinal fluid, have been n-terminally sequenced and the encoding cdna subsequently cloned using the polymerase chain reaction. surprisingly, only 40-42% of the amino acids are identical with t ... | 1992 | 1511892 |
| relationship between blood o2 content and catecholamine levels during hypoxia in rainbow trout and american eel. | plasma catecholamine levels and arterial blood respiratory variables were monitored in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and american eel (anguilla rostrata) acutely exposed (30 min) to graded levels of external hypoxia [water po2 (pwo2) 20-90 torr]. the experiments were designed to evaluate the factors controlling catecholamine mobilization in hypoxic fish and to elucidate the basis of marked interspecific differences. in trout, plasma catecholamine levels were unchanged when pwo2 remained ab ... | 1992 | 1510165 |
| the relationship between beta-adrenoceptors and adrenergic responsiveness in trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and eel (anguilla rostrata) erythrocytes. | experiments were performed in vitro specifically to elucidate the underlying mechanism(s) of the attenuated adrenergic responses of eel (anguilla rostrata) erythrocytes. this was achieved by comparing beta-adrenoceptor numbers and affinities in addition to (i) na+/h+ exchange activity, (ii) cell swelling and (iii) cyclic amp formation mediated by catecholamines in eel and trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) erythrocytes under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. under normoxic conditions, eel erythrocytes d ... | 1992 | 1321872 |
| frequency analyses of active nors in nuclei of artificially induced triploid fishes. | the correspondence between increased numbers of both chromosomal and nuclear nors and artificially induced triploidy in three fish species (rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss; common carp, cyprinus carpio; and tench, tinea tinea) has been confirmed by cma3 fluorescence and ag-staining. the frequencies of cell nuclei with one, two and three active nors, as revealed by ag-staining, has been analyzed statistically to find the minimum cell number which verifies the increased ploidy level. a minimum ... | 1992 | 24197230 |
| influence of blood sample collection on the haematocrit value of two teleosts: rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and european sea bass (dicentrarchus labrax l.). | 1. the effects of the volume of blood extracted, number of extractions, and weight upon the haematocrit value of a freshwater teleost (oncorhynchus mykiss) and a marine one (dicentrarchus labrax) have been studied. 2. for trout with the same weight, the increase in the volume of blood extracted results in a significant increase in the haematocrit value. 3. for the same volume of blood extracted--in trout of the same weight--the second extraction results in a significant increase in the haematocr ... | 1992 | 1351449 |
| substance-p-related and neurokinin-a-related peptides from the brain of the cod and trout. | an extract of the brain of the rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss contained high concentrations of both neurokinin a-like immunoreactivity (corresponding to 90 pmol mammalian neurokinin a/g wet tissue) and substance-p-like immunoreactivity (corresponding to 50 pmol mammalian substance p/g wet tissue) measured by radioimmunoassay using antisera directed against the c-terminal regions of the mammalian peptides. in contrast, an extract of the atlantic cod. gadus morhua contained only neurokinin-a-l ... | 1992 | 1376687 |
| a cluster type organization of the loci of the immunoglobulin light chain in atlantic cod (gadus morhua l.) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss walbaum) indicated by nucleotide sequences of cdnas and hybridization analysis. | antibody screening and colony hybridization of cdna libraries have been used to isolate clones of the immunoglobulin light (igl) chain from atlantic cod (gadus morhua l.) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss walbaum). sequence analysis shows dissimilarities in the constant part of the molecule (cl) within each species. comparisons of the amino acid sequences of the constant parts of the igl chains show a 55% identity between the two teleost species. when compared with other species the highest ... | 1993 | 8505063 |
| a c-terminal fragment of the hormone stanniocalcin is bioactive in eels. | an in vivo eel bioassay based on 45ca uptake from the ambient medium was used to compare the activity of native trout and american eel stanniocalcin (stc) with that of a synthetic c-terminal fragment (aa 202-231; peptide w) of australian eel stc. qualitatively, the action of peptide w resembled that of purified native rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) stc as well as fresh extracts of american eel stannius corpuscles in that they all inhibited whole animal ca2+ influx. this inhibition was obser ... | 1993 | 8224777 |
| insulin stimulates hepatic lipogenesis in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. | the effects of the pancreatic hormones, insulin and glucagon, on rates of lipid biosynthesis in liver removed from rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, were evaluated in vitro. livers were removed from animals fasted for 30-36h, cut into ca. 1 mm(3) pieces, and incubated in the presence of various concentrations of salmon insulin (sins), bovine insulin (bins), or a combination of bins and bovine/porcine glucagon (glu). lipid synthesis was evaluated by total lipid concentration, (3)h2o incorporati ... | 1993 | 24202502 |
| development of a protein binding assay for teleost insulin-like growth factor (igf)-like: relationships between growth hormone (gh) and igf-like in the blood of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | using rainbow trout plasma protein (igf-bp) which specifically binds human insulin-like growth factor (igf) (niu and le bail 1993), we have developed an assay to measure plasma igf-like levels in different teleost species. before the assay and to prevent interference by igf-bp, igf-like was extracted from all samples, using sp sephadex c-25 in acidic conditions. after this treatment, contamination of the igf fraction by igf-bp which was estimated by binding assay, was approximately 5%, and was n ... | 1993 | 24202498 |
| brain sensitivity to anoxia in fish as reflected by changes in extracellular k+ activity. | most vertebrates have a very limited tolerance to anoxia. the only exceptions to this rule are found among ectothermic species, notably crucian carp (carassius carassius) and freshwater turtles. it has been assumed that the brains of these species are less sensitive to anoxia than ectothermic brains in general. however, it has not been possible to exclude that anoxia-intolerant species like rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) die from heart failure rather than brain failure during anoxia, and th ... | 1993 | 8447481 |
| an immunocytochemical study of putative neurotransmitters in the metacercariae of two strigeoid trematodes from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | whole mounts of the metacercariae of diplostomum sp. and cotylurus erraticus from rainbow trout have been treated cytochemically for the demonstration of cholinergic, serotoninergic (5-hydroxytryptamine) and peptidergic elements in the nervous system. antisera directed against four vertebrate (pancreatic polypeptide, peptide yy, substance p and peptide histidine isoleucine) and two invertebrate peptides (neuropeptide f and fmrfamide) were used in an indirect immunofluorescence procedure in conju ... | 1993 | 7692434 |
| a comparative study of effects of atrazine on xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes in fish and insect, and of the in vitro phase ii atrazine metabolism in some fish, insects, mammals and one plant species. | 1. atrazine (3 daily i.p. doses of 0.20 mg/kg or 10 ppb in the water for 14 days) did not change the xenobiotic metabolizing enzyme activities (xme) towards the substrates aldrin epoxidase (ae), nadph-cytochrome c reductase (nccr), 7-ethoxyresorufin o-deethylase (erod), 1-chloro-2,4-dinitro-benzene (cdnb) and 1,2-dichloro-4-nitrobenzene (dcnb) in trout liver (oncorhynchus mykiss) compared to the controls. 2. various treatment regimens of atrazine in a semisynthetic diet changed the xme activitie ... | 1993 | 7903609 |
| [first report of camallanus corderoi torres, teuber and miranda, 1990 (nematoda: camallanidae) in cultured salmonids from puyehue lake, chile]. | during 1991, in one of three specimens of oncorhynchus mykiss cultured in puyehue lake (40 degrees 36's, 72 degrees 26'w) was registered for first time the infection by camallanus corderoi. comments on the morphological and geographic distribution of the three species of camallanus described in south america are also given. | 1993 | 7993535 |
| endocytosis and intracellular degradation of heterologous protein by eosinophilic granulocytes isolated from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) posterior intestine. | adherence capacity to tissue substrate, endocytosis capacity for heterologous and homologous proteins, and proteolytic activity were determined in intestinal granulocytes (egcs) isolated from healthy adult rainbow trout. the percentage of cells that could adhere to a smooth plastic surface increased with increasing incubation time. endocytosis was effective for heterologous (human immunoglobulin g, iggh; ovine somatotropin, ost) but not homologous proteins (recombinant trout somatotropin, rtst). ... | 1993 | 8004007 |
| hepatic cellular distribution of cytochrome p-450 ia1 in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss): an immunohisto- and cytochemical study. | monoclonal antibody 1-12-3 reactive against scup (stenotomus chrysops) cytochrome p450 e (a teleost cyp ia1) has been used to immunohistochemically localize cyp ia1 within hepatocytes and presumably sinusoidal endothelial and biliary epithelial cells of scup and trout. the goal of the present study was to extend immunohistochemical studies to the ultrastructural level determining intracellular locations of cyp ia1 in fish liver. juvenile trout (5-10 g) were given i.p. injections once (50 microgr ... | 1993 | 8339279 |
| comparative rheology of human and trout red blood cells. | we have studied the comparative rheology of individual red blood cells from humans and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) at their natural body temperatures. trout red blood cells were large ellipsoids (about 16 microns x 11.5 microns x 2.5 microns) with a mean volume of 250 fl, a surface area of approximately 350 microns 2 and an elongated nucleus of about 9 microns x 5 microns. although much larger than human red cells (diameter 8 microns, v = 92 fl, a = 136 microns 2), both theoretical calcu ... | 1993 | 8440963 |
| effect of lipoxins and other eicosanoids on phagocytosis and intracellular calcium mobilisation in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) leukocytes. | rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) macrophages generated lipoxin (lx) a4, lxa5, leukotriene (lt) b4, ltb5 and 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-hete) during the phagocytosis of zymosan and escherichia coli, but not of the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae. prostaglandin (pg) e2 was also detected in supernatants from macrophages incubated with either zymosan or calcium ionophore a23187. lxa4 (10(-8)-10(-6) m) and ltb4 (10(-9)-10(-7) m) provoked rapid and transient dose-dependent increases in intr ... | 1993 | 8245703 |
| immunological characterization of flavin-containing monooxygenases from the liver of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss): sexual- and age-dependent differences and the effect of trimethylamine on enzyme regulation. | polyclonal antibodies raised against flavin-containing monooxygenase (fmo) enzymes purified from pig liver and rabbit lung were used in conjunction with n,n-dimethylaniline (dma) n-oxidase to better characterize fmo from the liver of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). two proteins reacted with polyclonal antibodies raised against pig liver fmo (pl-1 and pl-2) and anti-rabbit lung fmo (rl-1 and rl-2). although there was no difference in dma n-oxidase observed between sexually mature male and fe ... | 1993 | 8427868 |
| fate of the fish pathogen aeromonas salmonicida in the peritoneal cavity of rainbow trout. | a model was developed to study the fate of the fish pathogen aeromonas salmonicida in vivo, inside a specialized intraperitoneal chamber implanted in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. although normally recalcitrant to lytic agents in vitro, owing to the presence of its regular surface array (s layer), a. salmonicida was rapidly killed in the peritoneal cavity by a host-derived, soluble lytic activity present in peritoneal fluid. peritoneal fluid was also found to kill other bacteria and lyse v ... | 1993 | 8306206 |
| diphyllobothrium dendriticum and diphyllobothrium latum in fishes from southern argentina: association, abundance, distribution, pathological effects, and risk of human infection. | diphyllobothrium dendriticum and diphyllobothrium latum are reported for the first time from argentina. the following species from lake moreno (southern argentina) were studied to determine whether plerocercoids were present: 11 brook trout (salvelinus fontinalis), 32 perca (percichthys sp.), 21 pejerrey (patagonina hatcheri), and 114 rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). brook trout harbored both species (27.3% prevalence of d. dendriticum and 9.0% of d. latum); perca harbored only d. latum (18. ... | 1993 | 8501594 |
| the transcriptional regulation of the growth hormone gene is conserved in vertebrate evolution. | growth hormone (gh) gene expression in mammals is regulated by the interaction of the transcription factor pit-1 with two binding sites within the proximal promoter. four sequences, homologous to the mammalian pit-1 motif occur in the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) ghii (rtgh) gene promoter, two of which partly overlap. the three regions containing these putative pit-1 binding sequences were protected from deoxyribonuclease i digestion by nuclear extracts of gc cells, a rat pituitary tumor ... | 1993 | 8507204 |
| (ct)n and (gt)n microsatellites: a new class of genetic markers for salmo trutta l. (brown trout). | thirteen (gt)n and four (ct)n microsatellite loci (n = 10 or more and n = 20 or more, respectively) have been isolated from a partial genomic library of brown trout and sequenced. on average, a (gt)n repeat sequence occurs approximately every 23 kb and a (ct)n repeat sequence every 76 kb in brown trout genome. primers for dna amplifications using the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) were synthesized for three single locus microsatellites. mendelian inheritance of the observed polymorphisms was co ... | 1993 | 8276633 |
| cell surface c-reactive protein of rainbow trout lymphocytes. | c-reactive protein (crp) expressed on rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) lymphocytes was investigated to determine what role crp might have on lymphocyte function. c-reactive protein was detected on the surface (s-crp) of 25% of peripheral blood lymphocytes (pbl) and 4% of head kidney lymphocytes (hkl) by flow cytometry of cells labelled with biotinylated rabbit anti-rainbow trout crp igg and fluorescent-coupled avidin. purified crp, when added to cells in culture, bound to both pbl and hkl. st ... | 1993 | 8500642 |
| quantification of antibody secreting cells to yersinia ruckeri by elispot assay after in vivo and in vitro immunization of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | the elispot assay was applied for the quantification of total and specific antibody secreting cells (asc) in spleen after in vitro immunization and in head kidney and blood after in vivo immunization of rainbow trout with yersivax vaccine. the highest number of total and specific anti-yersinia ruckeri asc was obtained on day 21 after in vivo immunization and on day 10 after in vitro immunization of spleen. | 1993 | 8342261 |
| purification of a vasoactive peptide related to lysyl-bradykinin from trout plasma. | incubation of plasma from the steelhead trout, oncorhynchus mykiss with porcine pancreatic glandular kallikrein generated bradykinin-like immunoreactivity. the primary structure of the immunoreactive peptide was established as: lys-arg-pro-pro-gly-trp-ser-pro-leu-arg. this sequence shows two amino acid substitutions (phe6-->trp and phe9-->leu) compared with mammalian lysyl-bradykinin (kallidin). bolus intraarterial injection of the purified peptide produced a strong and sustained vasopressor res ... | 1993 | 8224232 |
| multiple genotoxicity biomarkers in fish exposed in situ to polluted river water. | specimens of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) were either kept in an aquarium under laboratory conditions or caged in the river po (northern italy), upstream or downstream the confluence with the river lambro, a small yet heavily polluted tributary. genotoxicity biomarkers, evaluating the internal dose or early biological effects, were monitored after 7, 15 and 30 days of in situ exposure. with the exception of a slight increase of aminopyrine-n-demethylase and uridine-5'-diphospho-glucuronos ... | 1993 | 7694138 |
| [the development of the cestode fauna in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) in a newly formed surface mine residual water]. | helminthofaunistical studies on rainbow trout, wild fish and zooplankton organisms of a recently emerged rest waters from an open-cast mine have been made continuously in the period from 1980 till 1990. three years after the beginning of the trout production larval triaenophorosis appeared as the first cestodosis. in the subsequent time changes of the cestode fauna of rainbow trout kept in net-cages could already be observed within a few years. possible causes for the replacement of eubothrium c ... | 1993 | 8508218 |
| steroidal alkaloid toxicity to fish embryos. | embryos of two species of fish were evaluated for their suitability as model systems for steroidal alkaloid toxicity, the japanese rice fish, medaka (oryzius latipes) and the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). additionally, the equine neurotoxic sesquiterpene lactone repin, was also tested. a probit program was used to evaluate the ec1, ec50 and ec99 as well as the associated confidence limits. the steroidal alkaloids tested were the solanum potato glycoalkaloids alpha-chaconine, alpha-solanin ... | 1993 | 8430437 |
| activation of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) phagocytes by muramyl dipeptide. | immunoenhancing activity of synthetic muramyl dipeptide (mdp) was investigated in relation to the activation of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) phagocytes and to nonspecific protection against challenge with the fish pathogen aeromonas salmonicida. head kidney phagocytes collected from mdp-injected fish showed significant chemotactic activity against zymosan-activated normal rainbow trout serum, and phagocytic activities against both a. salmonicida and plastic beads. the mdp-activated phagoc ... | 1993 | 8388812 |
| the inhibition by ionophores in vitro of an enterococcus-like pathogen of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. | streptococcosis is a major disease of several fish species in australia, japan and south africa. the minimum inhibitory concentration of some ionophores (lasalocid, monensin, narasin and salinomycin) was determined in vitro for an enterococcus-like species pathogenic for rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) in australia. forty isolates of the fish pathogen were tested, together with control strains of staphylococcus aureus atcc 29213, enterococcus faecalis atcc 29212 and streptococcus bovis atcc ... | 1993 | 8273272 |
| novel antigens expressed by aeromonas salmonicida grown in vivo. | virulent and avirulent aeromonas salmonicida strains grown inside intraperitoneal implants in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) were examined for unique antigen expression. western blots (immunoblots), performed with immune rabbit serum raised against in vivo-grown cells, revealed several unique antigens. with the exception of lipopolysaccharide (lps), these novel antigens were destroyed after proteinase k treatment. the majority of these antigens were not induced in vitro in response to eithe ... | 1993 | 8406855 |
| salmonid pituitary gonadotrophs. iii. chronological appearance of gth i and other adenohypophysial hormones in the pituitary of the developing rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss irideus). | the first appearance of adenohypophysial cells in the developing rainbow trout embryo was studied by immunocytochemistry. antibodies generated against the beta subunits of coho salmon gonadotropins (gth i and gth ii), the beta subunit of human thyroid stimulating hormone (tsh), chum salmon prolactin (prl), chum salmon growth hormone (gh), and synthetic alpha-msh were used as immunocytochemical probes. the pituitary anlage was first recognized at developmental stage 21 (18 days postfertilization) ... | 1993 | 8282173 |
| characterization of l-thyroxine transport into hepatocytes isolated from juvenile rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | uptake of l-thyroxine (t4) by isolated trout hepatocytes was characterized after 1-min incubation of cells in a hanks' balanced salts medium containing glucose and [125i]t4. centrifugation through silicone oil and glycine buffer (ph 10.5) was used to separate cells from the medium and minimize extracellular binding of t4. at a t4 concentration of 0.2 nm, 15% of hepatocyte uptake was due to nonsaturable (passive) diffusion. saturable t4 uptake obeyed michaelis-menten kinetics with an apparent kt ... | 1993 | 8504920 |
| purification and characterization of urotensin ii from the brain of a teleost (trout, oncorhynchus mykiss) and an elasmobranch (skate, raja rhina). | peptides related to urotensin ii have been isolated in pure form from an extract of whole brain of a teleost, the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and of an elasmobranch, the longnose skate (raja rhina). the primary structure of the trout peptide [gly-gly-asn-ser-glu-cys-phe-trp-lys-tyr-cys-val] is similar to that of urotensin ii peptides isolated from the urophyses of other teleost fish. for example, trout urotensin ii contains only one amino acid substitution (thr4-->ser) compared with urot ... | 1993 | 8138107 |
| immunolocalization of h+-atpase in the gill epithelia of rainbow trout | the localization of proton pumps (h+-atpase) in gill epithelia of rainbow trout [oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum)] was elucidated by immunofluorescence microscopy, using rabbit polyclonal antibodies against the 70 kda subunit of h+-atpase purified from clathrin-coated vesicles of bovine brain. in the gill epithelia of freshwater trout, the immunostaining was uniformly distributed along the lamellae and generally concentrated in apical regions. it is concluded, therefore, that h+-atpase is located i ... | 1994 | 9317571 |
| recombinant protein fragments from haemorrhagic septicaemia rhabdovirus stimulate trout leukocyte anamnestic responses in vitro. | this work shows that viral protein fragments are capable of stimulating fish anamnestic immunological responses in leukocytes from the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss, w.). recombinant protein fragments of glycoprotein and nucleoprotein from the rhabdovirus causing viral haemorrhagic septicaemia of trout (vhsv), were cloned and expressed in escherichia coli, yersinia ruckeri (a trout pathogen) and saccharomyces cerevisiae. the recombinant protein fragments stimulated anamnestic responses in l ... | 1994 | 8207399 |
| photoaffinity labeling of the ah receptor: phylogenetic survey of diverse vertebrate and invertebrate species. | the mammalian aromatic hydrocarbon (ah) receptor is a soluble protein involved in the regulation of gene expression by halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons such as 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (tcdd). little is known, however, about the presence and properties of this receptor in nonmammalian species. in these studies, we sought evidence for an ah receptor in the liver or liver-equivalent of diverse species of invertebrate and vertebrate animals. velocity sedimentation analysis of hepatic cy ... | 1994 | 8161208 |
| one of two growth hormone genes in coho salmon is sex-linked. | salmonid fishes have two growth hormone genes resulting from their polyploid ancestry. we used the polymerase chain reaction to examine genetic variation in the third intron (c) of both of these genes in coho salmon (oncorhynchus kisutch). a polymorphism in the length of intron c in gh-1 is due to a variable number of copies of a 31-nt repeat that is absent from gh-1 of the closely related chinook salmon (oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). thus, this tandem repeat ... | 1994 | 8127856 |
| effects of in vitro nickel exposure on the macrophage-mediated immune functions of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | 1994 | 8142706 | |
| effect of ammoniation of aflatoxin b1-contaminated cottonseed feedstock on the aflatoxin m1 content of cows' milk and hepatocarcinogenicity in the trout bioassay. | the effectiveness of ammonia in inactivating aflatoxins in contaminated cottonseed was investigated. two aflatoxin-contaminated cottonseed lots were treated separately using an atmospheric pressure, ambient temperature ammoniation procedure (apat) or a high pressure, high temperature ammoniation procedure (hpht), and incorporated into dairy cow rations. isocalorific diets containing 25% defatted, dried milk from cows fed aflatoxin-contaminated cottonseed without or with apat or hpht treatment, o ... | 1994 | 8070735 |
| lymphocyte expression in transgenic trout by mouse immunoglobulin promoter/enhancer. | two groups of transgenic rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss, walbaum) have been produced and compared. one group harbored the reporter gene of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) associated with mouse immunoglobulin (ig) promoter/enhancer (pucl-cat-e). the other group carried the same reporter gene under the control of the cytomegalovirus promoter/enhancer (pcmv-cat). slot blot analysis of dna from blood cells and other tissues from pucl-cat-e fish showed variation of copy number between the ... | 1994 | 8206521 |
| the developmental trajectory of ultraviolet photosensitivity in rainbow trout is altered by thyroxine. | small (< 30 g) juvenile rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) possess retinal photoreceptor mechanisms sensitive to ultraviolet (uv), short (s), middle (m), and long (l) wavelengths. during normal development, uv photosensitivity is lost progressively until, by approx. 60 g, individuals are no longer sensitive in the uv. this shift in spectral sensitivity is associated with the disappearance of small accessory corner cones (accs) from the retinal photoreceptor cell mosaic: the uv cone mechanism is ... | 1994 | 8023449 |
| observations on the development of syncuaria squamata (nematoda: acuariidae), a parasite of cormorants, in the intermediate and paratenic hosts. | the development of the nematode syncuaria squamata (linstow, 1883), a gizzard parasite of cormorants, was experimentally studied in the ostracod notodromas monacha. after the eggs of this nematode have been swallowed by the ostracod, the toothed first-stage larvae of the parasite are released and penetrate through the intestinal wall into the haemocoel of the crustacean. before attaining the infective third stage, the larvae moult twice in the body of the intermediate host (9-11 and 13-15 days a ... | 1994 | 7883250 |
| dose-dependent carcinogenicity and frequent ki-ras proto-oncogene activation by dietary n-nitrosodiethylamine in rainbow trout. | while the experimental data upon which current concepts in mechanistically based risk assessment and molecular epidemiology are grounded derive almost entirely from rodent models, fish models have several attributes (e.g., low background incidence, extremely low cost tumor studies, nonmammalian comparative status for extrapolation of mechanisms to humans) that make them valuable adjuncts for addressing these concepts. this report provides an initial characterization of the dose dependency of die ... | 1994 | 7958563 |
| acid-base disequilibrium in the arterial blood of rainbow trout. | an extracorporeal blood circulation and a stopflow technique were used to examine the acid-base status of arterial blood in the rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. arterial blood was routed from the coeliac artery through an external circuit in which ph (pha), partial pressure of oxygen (pao2) and partial pressure of carbon dioxide (paco2) were monitored continuously. the stopflow condition was imposed by turning off the pump which drove the external loop. a radioisotopic co2 excretion assay was ... | 1994 | 8059088 |
| the immunoglobulin repertoire of the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss): definition of nine igh-v families. | an igh-v library was constructed from the head kidney cytoplasmic rna of an 8.5-month-old non-immunized rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, using the 5' race polymerase chain reaction. six new igh-v segments were identified, bringing to nine the number of igh-v families actually defined in that species. a phylogenetic analysis shows that these nine igh-v families can be classified into three major groups. the first includes the igh-v1, igh-v3, igh-v4, and igh-v7 families, and is homologous to th ... | 1994 | 8039829 |
| generation of poly- and mono-clonal antibodies against trout fibronectin (fn) and their use in fn immunodetection in teleost fishes. | immunization of rats with gelatin-affinity column purified fibronectin (fn) from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) plasma produced a polyclonal antiserum that reacts specifically with fn in immunoblotted protein extracts and cultured cells, not only from trout but also from swordtails (xiphophorus helleri). most importantly, this antiserum specifically stains fn-containing structures in sections from embryos, as well as skin and dorsal fin of swordtails and platyfish (xiphophorus maculatus), a ... | 1994 | 7893474 |
| use of human sera containing autoantibodies for an immunochemical study of some ribosomal proteins in rat, trout, mussel and fly maggot. | sera from human subjects affected by autoimmune connective tissue diseases and containing antiribosomal autoantibodies were used to analyze by immunoblotting ribosomal proteins from trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) liver, mussel (mytilus edulis) hepatopancreas and whole fly maggots (calliphora vomitoria). as usual in medical analysis of autoantibodies, the reference antigen preparation was extracted from rat liver. with the used sera, six known ribosomal proteins from rat liver were characterized: p0 ... | 1994 | 8081655 |
| human tumor necrosis factor alpha influences rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss leucocyte responses. | human recombinant tumor necrosis factor alpha (rtnf alpha) and rainbow trout macrophage activating factor (postulated gamma-interferon (gamma-ifn) analogue) synergised to elevate the respiratory burst activity of trout macrophages. this elevated response may parallel phenomena described in mammals where tnf alpha and gamma-ifn commonly synergise. human rtnf alpha also synergised with mitogenic stimuli to heighten proliferation responses of trout head kidney leucocytes. these data are indicative ... | 1994 | 8128611 |
| isolation and characterization of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) serum amyloid p component (sap) | we purified a ca(2+)-dependent agarose-binding protein from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) sera. sds-page analysis showed the possibility that the purified protein was a polymer with a molecular weight of over 100,000 composed of covalently-bounded 32-kda subunits. n-terminal twenty amino acid sequence of the 32-kda protein showed partial homology with other known serum amyloid p components (saps) including plaice (pleuronectes platessa) (indicated 40% homology), human (55%), hamster (45%), ... | 1994 | 7999887 |
| temperature and ph effects on ca2+ sensitivity of cardiac myofibrils: a comparison of trout with mammals. | active salmonids maintain myocardial contractility at temperatures that are cardioplegic for mammals. we postulated that myofibrillar ca2+ sensitivity in the trout heart might 1) exhibit lower temperature dependence and/or 2) be greater over the range of physiological temperatures. temperature-induced changes in intracellular ph may also play a role as alkalosis typically increases calcium affinity of myofibrillar adenosinetriphosphatase (atpase). ca2+ sensitivities of ventricular myofibrillar a ... | 1994 | 8048646 |
| observations on the host specificity of pomphorhynchus patagonicus (acanthocephala) from the alicura reservoir (patagonia, argentina). | the acanthocephalan pomphorhynchus patagonicus was found in 3 species of fish in the alicura reservoir (patagonia, argentina). these included oncorhynchus mykiss, patagonina hatcheri, and percichthys trucha. prevalence, intensity, size of the parasites, and percentage of gravid females were analyzed. the relatively low prevalence and intensity were probably due to the low consumption of the intermediate host, hyalella patagonica. the highest values of intensity, length, and percentage of gravid ... | 1994 | 7931921 |
| characterization of 3,5,3'-triiodo-l-thyronine transport into hepatocytes isolated from juvenile rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), and comparison with l-thyroxine transport. | uptake of 3,5,3'-triiodo-l-thyronine (t3) by isolated trout hepatocytes was characterized after 40 sec incubation of cells in a balanced salts medium containing [125]t3, and compared to l-thyroxine (t4) uptake (riley and eales, gen. comp. endocrinol. 90, 31-42, 1993). t3 uptake resembled t4 uptake in several ways. there was a small (< 10%) diffusion component. the balance of the uptake was temperature- and energy-dependent and involved a protein carrier, but did not depend on the presence of na+ ... | 1994 | 7958759 |
| gonadotropin releasing hormone (gnrh) neurons project to growth hormone and somatolactin cells in the steelhead trout. | analysis of gene expression using gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh) antisense oligonucleotide confirmed by immunocytochemical localization the occurrence of gnrh neurons along the nervus terminalis in the steelhead trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). double-label immunocytochemistry revealed the distribution of mammalian (m), salmon (s) and chicken ii (cii)-type gnrhs and various pituitary hormones. both sgnrh and mgnrh appeared to be colocalized in the same cells of the nervus terminalis. chicken ... | 1994 | 7868362 |
| glucose dehydrogenase in beef (bos taurus) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) liver: a comparative study. | the monomer molecular mass of glucose dehydrogenase (gdh, ec 1.1.1.47) from rainbow trout liver and beef liver were estimated to be 90 kda for both enzymes, by electrophoresis in the presence of na-dodecyl-so4 (sds). the 90-kda proteins were partially degraded to about 60 kda when purified with a delayed procedure without protease inhibitors. tryptic cleavage of the 90-kda proteins gave fragments of about 60 kda and 30 kda, being similar for trout and beef gdh. isoelectric points, kinetic and th ... | 1994 | 7553351 |
| [characterization of cdna of t-cell receptor beta chain in rainbow trout]. | using a two-step pcr strategy, we have cloned several cdna segments encoding the t-cell receptor beta chain in a teleost fish, the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). the nine clones analyzed encode identical n-terminal-truncated v beta regions which present limited sequence similarities with several mammalian tcr v beta chains, from residue tyr-35 to residue ser-95. these v beta regions are followed by v beta-d beta-j beta-like regions which are different in all the sequenced clones, and by id ... | 1994 | 7882160 |
| different stability of posttranslationally modified brain microtubules isolated from cold-temperate fish. | microtubule proteins were isolated by a temperature-dependent assembly-disassembly method from brain tissue of for cold-temperature fish; one fresh water fish (oncorhynchus mykiss), and three marine fish (labrus berggylta, zoarces viviparus and gadus morhua). the alpha-tubulins from all four fish species were acetylated. the alpha-tubulins from the marine fish were composed of a mixture of tyrosinated and detyrosinated tubulin, while the fresh water fish tubulin only reacted with an antibody aga ... | 1994 | 8028593 |
| urinary excretion of thyroid hormones in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. | urinary excretion of the thyroid hormones (th) l-thyroxine (t4), and 3,5,3'-triiodo-l-thyronine (t3) and their derivatives was studied in urinary-catheterized rainbow trout (mean wt. 227 g) fasted for 2 days under a 12-hr l:12-hr d photocycle in running water (12 degrees). catheterized trout were intracardiac-injected with [125i]t4 (*t4) or [125i]t3 (*t3) and urine was collected as 2-hr fractions over 48 hr. the 125i corresponding to i-, th conjugates (sulfates and glucuronides), or th was separ ... | 1994 | 7958760 |
| effects of lindane exposure on rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) immunity. i. effect of lindane on antibody-secreting cells (asc) measured by elispot assay. | yersinia ruckeri vaccine was injected in rainbow trout 7 days after ip contamination with 10, 50, or 100 mg lindane per kilogram body weight. the antibody-secreting cells measured by elispot assay were affected by the insecticide, slightly for 10 mg and strongly for higher concentrations. consequently the antibody production in sera, measured by agglutination, was suppressed. | 1994 | 7525199 |
| cadmium toxicity to rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss walbaum and brown trout salmo trutta l. over extended exposure periods. | the toxicity of cadmium in water is well known, but there have been few reports on the long-term effects of this metal on fish at concentrations near the european inland water standard of 5 micrograms cd liter-1. this paper describes experiments in which adult rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss and brown trout salmo trutta were exposed to cadmium concentrations near water quality standard levels for periods of up to 90 weeks. the survival and growth of these fish were assessed, and sperm and eggs ... | 1994 | 7529162 |
| antigen-induced release of macrophage activating factor from rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss leucocytes. | the production of macrophage-activating factor (maf) by rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, head kidney leucocytes at varying times post-immunisation, with the fish bacterial pathogen, aeromonas salmonicida, was investigated and correlated with head kidney lymphocyte proliferation and serum antibody production. maf production was preceded by lymphocyte proliferation and both responses were highest using whole bacterial cells as the in vitro stimulant. maf production and antibody production incre ... | 1994 | 7975191 |
| involvement of an inhibitory g-protein in the signal transduction pathway of maturation-inducing hormone (17 alpha,20 beta-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one) action in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) oocytes. | to investigate the mechanism by which the hormone 17 alpha,20 beta-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one(17 alpha,20 beta-dp) acts on a receptor on the external surface of rainbow trout oocytes to induce maturation, the interaction between 17 alpha,20 beta-dp receptors and g-proteins was examined. pertussis toxin (pt) catalyzed the adp ribosylation of a 40-kda protein in crude membranes from rainbow trout postvitellogenic oocytes, and cholera toxin (ct) labeled several proteins, including a major protein wi ... | 1994 | 7813780 |
| effects of transforming growth factor beta 1 on rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss macrophage respiratory burst activity. | natural bovine transforming growth factor beta 1 (tgf-beta 1) was found to have both enhancing and suppressing effects on the respiratory burst activity of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, head kidney macrophages. incubation with tgf-beta 1 alone increased respiratory burst activity using doses from 0.05 to 0.2 ng/ml. however, incubation of activated macrophages with tgf-beta 1 decreased their respiratory burst activity in a dose-dependent manner. coincubation of macrophages with activating s ... | 1994 | 7883061 |
| rainbow trout ventricular natriuretic peptide: isolation, sequencing, and determination of biological activity. | ventricular natriuretic peptide (vnp) is a new type of cardiac natriuretic peptide initially isolated from the eel ventricle. vnp has been isolated from cardiac ventricles of the rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, and found to consist of 35 amino acid residues carrying a c-terminal tail sequence with 14 amino acid residues. thus, the long c-terminal sequence characteristic of vnp was also conserved in the trout vnp. a vnp with 4 amino acid residues truncated from the c-terminus was also isolate ... | 1994 | 7883149 |
| hydrolyzed feather meal as feed component in diets for rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and effects of dietary protein/energy ratio on the efficiency of utilization of digestible energy and protein. | two feeding trials were performed on rainbow trout of mean initial weights of 40 and 50 g and lasting for 12 and 14 weeks, respectively. in trial 1, diets contained per kg 300 g fish meal and varying proportions of gelatinized maize starch plus either casein or hydrolyzed feather meal. dietary crude protein content varied from about 27 to 53%. in trial 2, all diets had about 45% crude protein. fish meal (300 g/kg) was replaced in 3 steps by hydrolyzed feather meal either without or with suppleme ... | 1994 | 7733808 |
| characterization of trout galanin and its distribution in trout brain and pituitary. | galanin was purified from an extract of the stomach of the rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, and its primary structure was established as gly-trp-thr-leu-asn-ser- ala-gly-tyr-leu10-leu-gly-pro-his-gly-ile-asp-gly-his-arg20- thr-leu-ser-asp- lys-his-gly-leu-ala. trout galanin shows six amino acid substitutions compared with pig galanin, but the n-terminal region (residues 1-14) has been fully conserved. the distribution of galanin-immunoreactive (gal-ir) structures in the trout brain and pituit ... | 1994 | 7532194 |
| inhibition of phagocytosis by rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) macrophages by botulinum c2 toxin and its trypsinized component ii. | botulinum c2 toxin (c2t) is composed of two nonlinked protein components, components i and ii. the toxin reconstituted with component i and trypsinized component ii inhibited phagocytosis of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and mouse macrophages. inhibition in both cell types was observed over a range of toxin concentrations that were not toxic to the cells. because cytoplasmic action of rainbow trout macrophages is adp-ribosylated by component i, the inhibition of phagocytosis in trout cells ... | 1994 | 7698363 |
| relationship between resistance of salmonids to furunculosis and recovery of aeromonas salmonicida from external mucus. | fish were sampled at the ed weed state fish hatchery (south hero, vermont, usa) in september 1992. aeromonas salmonicida was common, with concentrations as high as 10(5) to 10(7) colony-forming units per gram of mucus, and readily recovered from most mucus samples obtained from furunculosis-sensitive populations of brook trout (salvelinus fontinalis), lake trout (salvelinus namaycush), and atlantic salmon (salmo salar). the pathogen was the predominant microorganism and accounted for greater tha ... | 1994 | 7760494 |
| [presence of glochidia of diplodon chilensis hass 1931 (mollusca, pelecypoda) in patagonian freshwater fishes]. | the presence of glochidia of diplodon chilensis haas 1931 (mollusca, pelecypoda) has been reported in gills of wild freshwater fish in the argentinian patagonia. death occurrences due to glochidiasis have not been observed either in wild fish or in cultured fish. the records of oncorhynchus mykiss, galaxias platei, patagonia hatcheri and percichtys trucha extend the number of known hosts for d. chilensis and add new localities, thus extending the distributions of the mollusc. | 1994 | 7654294 |
| n-terminal amino acid sequence of a 28 kda major serum high density lipoprotein of the rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. | as there are few data on primary structures of fish apolipoproteins (apo), we determined the n-terminal sequence of a 28 kda major serum protein of rainbow trout, a possible homologue of apoai protein in higher vertebrates. rainbow trout serum was separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis. a spot of the 28 kda protein (pl 5.45) was cut out and directly applied to a protein sequencer. we succeeded in sequencing 30 amino acids from the n-terminal. the sequence of the 28 kda protein shared a hig ... | 1994 | 7799567 |
| effect of injected yeast glucan on the activity of macrophages in atlantic salmon, salmo salar l., as evaluated by in vitro hydrogen peroxide production and phagocytic capacity. | a prepared polysaccharide from the cell wall of yeast, m-glucan, has previously been demonstrated to have immunostimulatory effects in salmonids as observed by enhanced in vivo non-specific disease resistance in atlantic salmon, salmo salar l., and increased in vitro bactericidal activity of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), macrophages. in the present study m-glucan was injected intraperitoneally into atlantic salmon and the effect on core components in the non-specific part of the ... | 1994 | 7835949 |
| presence of angiotensin ii immunoreactivity in the ovary of the rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. | renin-angiotensin system is present in mammalian ovarian follicular fluid and follicles. the demonstration of specific binding sites for angiotensin ii in the follicular structures of rats suggests that angiotensin ii may be related to the regulation of steroid biosynthesis in the mammalian ovary. little is known about the presence and the action of angiotensin ii in nonmammalian ovaries. an immunocytochemical investigation of angiotensin ii in developing ovarian follicles of trout has been carr ... | 1994 | 7843557 |
| [food habits of the rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss (salmoniformes: salmonidae) in an andean creek of venezuela]. | monthly stomach context samples of rainbow trout from mucunután stream (mérida, venezuela), were collected from, march 1987 to february 1988 (n = 306). the major dietary components were ephemeroptera, trichoptera and diptera. baetodes sp. was the most important food item based on numerical composition (43%) and frequency of occurrence (88%). when the gravimetric method was used leptonema sp. was the major dietary component. the diet was not a function of sex. the consumed fauna was more similar ... | 1994 | 7501873 |
| [bioassay of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) pigmentation using ancho chili (capsicum annuum) extracts]. | farming of trout requires a finishing diet containing pigments such as astaxanthin and canthaxanthin so that they may achieve a pink tissue coloration similar to that of wild trout. the production of synthetic pigments is not enough so that the requirements of the aquaculture industry are not met, besides having a high cost. thus, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the deposition of saponified and esterified chili (capsicum annuum) extracts in the skin and muscle of rainbow trout ... | 1994 | 8984965 |
| cholinergic control of stanniocalcin release in the rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, and the american eel, anguilla rostrata. | an in vivo whole animal 45ca influx bioassay was used to study the cholinergic control of the release of stanniocalcin (stc) in the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and the american eel (anguilla rostrata). in both species calcium influx (jinca2+) was lowered in response to hypercalcemia induced by intravascular (trout) or intraperitoneal (eel) injections of cacl2. in trout, this response was blocked by the cholinergic antagonist atropine (0.25 mumol kg-1) and mimicked by the cholinoceptor ag ... | 1994 | 8045358 |
| cardiovascular responses to scyliorhinin i and ii in the rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, in vivo and in vitro | changes in cardiac output, heart rate, dorsal aortic blood pressure and coeliac artery blood flow were measured in unrestrained rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, following injections of the elasmobranch tachykinins scyliorhinin i and ii. the resistance in the coeliac vascular bed and the total systemic vasculature were calculated from blood pressure and flow. in addition, isolated tails were perfused to investigate the effect of the peptides on the somatic vasculature. scyliorhinin i (scy i) p ... | 1994 | 9317541 |
| tissue distribution and effects on hepatic xenobiotic metabolising enzymes of 2,3,3',4,4'-pentachlorobiphenyl (pcb-105) in cod (gadus morhua) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | 2,3,3',4,4'-pentachlorobiphenyl, pcb-105 (iupac no. 105) was orally administered twice with a 4-day interval between dosings (total dose 10 mg kg(-1) body weight) to gonadally immature cod and rainbow trout of both sexes. the fish were killed 9 and 17 days after the first treatment, and the effects of pcb-105 on hepatic xenobiotic metabolising enzymes were determined by examining the cytochrome-p450-dependent ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase (erod) and aldrin epoxidase activities, and the erod-catal ... | 1994 | 15091667 |
| distribution of pacap (pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide)-like and helospectin-like peptides in the teleost gut. | pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (pacap) and helospectin are two vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (vip)-related neuropeptides that have recently been demonstrated in the mammalian gut; the aim of this study was to reveal their occurrence and localisation in the gastrointestinal tract, swimbladder, urinary bladder and the vagal innervation of the gut of teleosts, using immunohistochemical methods on whole-mounts and sections of these tissues from the atlantic cod, gadus morhua ... | 1994 | 7954690 |
| rapid and simultaneous measurement of anodic and cathodic haemoglobins and atp and gtp concentrations in minute quantities of fish blood | oxygen transport to vertebrate tissues is dependent upon (a) the intrinsic o2-binding properties of haemoglobin (hb) and (b) modulation by allosteric effectors, such as nucleoside triphosphates (ntp), that depress hb o2-affinity in fish red cells. while some species, such as flatfish, primarily use adenosine triphosphate (atp) to modulate o2-binding to hb, others, such as eel and carp, also use guanosine triphosphate (gtp) (kono and hashimoto, 1977; leray, 1982; weber and jensen, 1988). unlike m ... | 1994 | 9317794 |
| the effect of various stresses, corticosteroids and adrenergic agents on phagocytosis in the rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. | the effect of acute and chronic stress on the phagocytic activity of putative macrophages from the rainbow trout. oncorhynchus mykiss has been assessed, using an in vitro phagocytic index, in which the average number of engulfed yeast cells in a population of phagocytes is determined. an injection stress given under light anaesthesia, or a longer noise stress combined with confinement, both significantly reduced, within 3 h, the level of phagocytic activity of macrophages from the spleen and pro ... | 1994 | 24203269 |
| immunohistochemical localization of bioactive peptides and amines associated with the chromaffin tissue of five species of fish. | biogenic peptides and amines associated with the chromaffin tissue in atlantic cod (gadus morhua), rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), european eel (anguilla anguilla), spiny dogfish (squalus acanthias) and atlantic hagfish (myxine glutinosa) were identified utilizing immunohistochemical techniques. within the posterior cardinal vein (pcv) in cod, trout and eel, a subpopulation of chromaffin cells displayed immunoreactivity to tyrosine hydroxylase (th) and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (d beta h) b ... | 1995 | 7606765 |
| universal assay of vitellogenin as a biomarker for environmental estrogens. | vitellogenin (vtg), the serum phospholipoglycoprotein precursor to egg yolk, is potentially an ideal biomarker for environmental estrogens. this study was undertaken to develop antibodies against conserved regions on the vtg molecule that could form the basis for establishing bioassays to detect estrogen exposure in any oviparous vertebrate. we developed monoclonal antibodies (mabs) generated against purified rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) vtg and selected for the property of specifically r ... | 1995 | 8593883 |
| enzymological differences of ache and diazinon hepatic metabolism: correlation of in vitro data with the selective toxicity of diazinon to fish species. | the in vitro hepatic metabolism of diazinon, as well as the sensitivity of the brain acetylcholine esterase, to diazoxon inhibitory action have been studied in order to explain the different toxicity of diazinon to oncorhynchus mykiss (rainbow trout), poecilia reticulata (guppy), brachydanio rerio (zebra fish) and cyprinus carpio (carp). in spite of a very sensitive acetylcholine esterase the carp is very resistant to diazinon toxicity because of its very low rate of bioactivation and relatively ... | 1995 | 7481748 |
| immune-complex trapping in the splenic ellipsoids of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), immunised with horseradish peroxidase, were given horseradish peroxidase intravenously, and the trapping of antigen in the spleen was followed 1, 24, and 48 h after injection. after 1 h, the localisation of horseradish peroxidase indicated that the antigen had been extensively trapped in the walls of the splenic ellipsoids. the colocalization of horseradish peroxidase with rainbow trout immunoglobulin m and complement factor 3 was shown with a double immunofl ... | 1995 | 8581925 |
| roles of energy status, katp channels and channel arrest in fish brain k+ gradient dissipation during anoxia | the crucian carp (carassius carassius l.) is one of the most anoxia-tolerant vertebrates known, being able to maintain ion homeostasis in its brain for many hours of anoxia. this study aims to clarify the importance of glycolysis during anoxia and also to investigate whether the extreme tolerance to anoxia could be due to down-regulation of k+ permeability ('channel arrest') and/or activation of atp-sensitive k+ (katp) channels. the latter was also tested in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). ... | 1995 | 9320504 |
| specific [3h]spiperone binding sites in the pituitary of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and goldfish (carassius auratus). | dopamine, a catecholamine neurohormone, modulates pituitary hormone release in teleost fishes and other vertebrates. the existence and binding parameters of a pituitary dopamine-neuroleptic receptor from trout were examined and compared with those from goldfish. pituitary homogenate was incubated with [3h]spiperone (d2 antagonist) under several experimental paradigms; incubations were terminated by filtration and bound 3h radioactivity was assessed by liquid scintillation spectroscopy. specific ... | 1995 | 7585324 |
| thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptors in the pituitary of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | binding parameters of radiolabeled pglu-3-me-his2-pro-nh2 ([3h]metrh) to pituitary trh receptors of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and goldfish (carassius auratus) were investigated. washed pituitary membranes were incubated with [3h]metrh in the absence (b0) or presence of trh or trh analogs under various paradigms. specific binding (bsp) was thermolabile and tissue dependent. association of bsp was slow (k + 1 = 1.43 x 10(7) m-1 min-1) achieving equilibrium binding after 60 min, and remai ... | 1995 | 7622016 |
| parasite infections in danish trout farms. | samples from 5 danish freshwater trout farms rearing rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) were examined for parasite infections from october 1993 until november 1994 and recorded parasites are listed. in addition, results from an examination of a mariculture net cage system are presented as well. a total of 10 metazoan and 10 protozoan parasites were recorded. the metazoans included gyrodactylus derjavini, gyrodactylus salaris, eubothrium crassum, triaenophorus nodulosus, proteocephalus sp., dipl ... | 1995 | 7502946 |
| effect of lindane exposure on rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) immunity. iv. prevention of nonspecific and specific immunosuppression by dietary vitamin c (ascorbate-2-polyphosphate). | the effect of the organochlorine insecticide lindane (gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane) administered intraperitoneally at 10 or 50 mg/kg body wt on some major immune functions of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) was examined. fish were fed vitamin c as ascorbate-2-polyphosphate at a basal level (60 mg ascorbic acid-(aa)-equivalent/kg of feed) or a high level (2000 mg aa-equivalent/kg) 1 month before lindane exposure and during the whole experiment. the aim of the experiment was to determine whethe ... | 1995 | 7541339 |
| immunoregulatory activities of eicosanoids in the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | eicosanoids such as prostaglandins (pg), leukotrienes (lt) and lipoxins (lx) have been shown to be potent immunoregulatory molecules in mammals. to determine if they have similar roles in 'lower' animals, rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) were immunized with either sheep erythrocytes or aeromonas salmonicida in the presence or absence of the stable analogue of pge2, 16,16-dimethyl-pge2, and the number of plaque-forming cells (pfc) or specific antibody levels determined. the higher dose of 16,1 ... | 1995 | 7558126 |
| experimental streptococcal meningo-encephalitis in cultured fish. | in 1984 a disease of fish appeared in israel which spread rapidly in cultured fishponds. the disease affected tilapia (oreochromis aura x oreochromis nilotica hybrids) and trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). common carp (cyprinus carpus), although reared in community with tilapia were not susceptible to the disease. various species of ornamental cyprinids and cichlids were also affected. morbidity was high and mortality ranged between 50% (in trout) and 30% (in tilapia). clinical and pathological findi ... | 1995 | 7716882 |
| molecular characterization of an aeromonas salmonicida mutant with altered surface morphology and increased systemic virulence. | the asoa gene of aeromonas salmonicida is located approximately 7 kb downstream of the a-layer structural gene, vapa. a 6 kb bamhi fragment containing asoa was cloned and marker-exchange mutagenesis using a kanamycin-resistance cassette was performed to generate an asoa mutation in the low-virulence strain a449l. when analysed by electron microscopy, the mutant a449l-mb exhibited an altered surface morphology. strands and blebs of membranous material were observed protruding from the disorganize ... | 1995 | 7752897 |
| recombinant infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus and viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus glycoprotein epitopes expressed in aeromonas salmonicida induce protective immunity in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | fragments of the glycoprotein genes of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (vhsv) and infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) were cloned into a bacterial broad-host-range expression vector under the control of the plac promoter. western blot (immunoblot) analysis with monoclonal antibodies specific to the glycoproteins demonstrated the inducible expression of the fusion proteins in escherichia coli. aeromonas salmonicida is the causative agent of furunculosis in salmonid fish. it was conf ... | 1995 | 7486994 |
| [a study of the cause of massive mortality among marine-cultured rainbow trout (oncorrhynchus mykiss, walbaum) in a fish farm in the southwestern netherlands]. | the present study investigated the mass mortality of marine cultured young rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss, walbaum) in the netherlands. the course of the disease, the clinical symptoms, and bacteriological and virological investigations lead to the diagnosis: 'primary infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (ipnv) infection followed by secondary vibriosis'. treatment with flumequine seemed to be effective. the trout were possible infected with ipnv at the trout hatchery and nursery from which t ... | 1995 | 7482471 |
| hplc determination of plasma thiocyanate concentrations in fish blood: application to laboratory pharmacokinetic and field-monitoring studies. | the pharmacokinetics of thiocyanate (scn-) in the blood plasma of 35-g rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) were followed during a 20-day exposure to 39.8 mg scn- liter-1 and the subsequent 16-day depuration period. scn- concentrations were determined by reverse-phase hplc. kinetic constants were estimated using a one-compartment first-order kinetic model fitted to the data by the computer programs biofac and systat. the respective biofac and systat estimates for the uptake rate constant (k1, 0.5 ... | 1995 | 7541344 |