| structure and diversity of the t cell antigen receptor beta-chain in a teleost fish. | cell-mediated immunity (e.g., allograft rejection) is found in all vertebrates, and these reactions are known to depend on thymus-derived cells in amphibian, avian, and mammalian species. the participation of peripheral t cell-like lymphocytes subpopulations to fish immunity is now well documented, but the developmental origin, migration, and peripheral tissue distribution of these cells remain practically unknown. this is mainly due to the difficulty of efficiently thymectomizing fish at an ear ... | 1995 | 7608547 |
| a conserved aeromonas salmonicida porin provides protective immunity to rainbow trout. | a protein with an apparent m(r) of 28,000 was isolated from outer membrane preparations of aeromonas salmonicida a440. the protein was tested for the ability to form pores, using a planar lipid bilayer model membrane system. the protein appeared to be a monomer with a single-channel conductance in 1.0 m kcl of 1.96 ns and a cation/anion permeability ratio of 2.91 +/- 0.68. these data show that the porin channel is comparable in size to ompc and ompf of escherichia coli and is relatively nonselec ... | 1995 | 7622241 |
| appearance of insulin-like growth factor mrna in the liver and pyloric ceca of a teleost in response to exogenous growth hormone. | augmentation of vertebrate growth by growth hormone (gh) is primarily due to its regulation of insulin-like growth factor i (igf i) and igf ii levels. to characterize the effect of gh on the levels of igf i and igf ii mrna in a teleost, 10 micrograms of bovine gh (bgh) per g of body weight was administered to juvenile rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) through i.p. injection. the levels of igf i and igf ii mrna were determined simultaneously, by using rnase protection assays, in the liver, pylo ... | 1995 | 7624349 |
| [presence of glochidia of diplodon chilensis hass 1931 (mollusca, pelecypoda) in patagonian freshwater fishes]. | the presence of glochidia of diplodon chilensis haas 1931 (mollusca, pelecypoda) has been reported in gills of wild freshwater fish in the argentinian patagonia. death occurrences due to glochidiasis have not been observed either in wild fish or in cultured fish. the records of oncorhynchus mykiss, galaxias platei, patagonia hatcheri and percichtys trucha extend the number of known hosts for d. chilensis and add new localities, thus extending the distributions of the mollusc. | 1994 | 7654294 |
| [antibody response, cortisolemia and prolactinemia in rainbow trouts]. | we have studied the humoral immune response (production of anti-yersinia ruckeri antibodies), and measured the levels of plasmatic hormones (cortisol and prolactin) in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) subjected to hyperosmotic stress (nacl, 22 / 1000). under acute stressful conditions (saline stress during 7 days), high blood cortisol and prolactin (prl) levels were correlated with a weak anti-yersinia ruckeri antibody response, as evidenced by late and low antibody titres as compared to norm ... | 1995 | 7671011 |
| multiple genotoxicity biomarkers in fish exposed in situ to polluted river water. | specimens of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) were either kept in an aquarium under laboratory conditions or caged in the river po (northern italy), upstream or downstream the confluence with the river lambro, a small yet heavily polluted tributary. genotoxicity biomarkers, evaluating the internal dose or early biological effects, were monitored after 7, 15 and 30 days of in situ exposure. with the exception of a slight increase of aminopyrine-n-demethylase and uridine-5'-diphospho-glucuronos ... | 1993 | 7694138 |
| inhibition of phagocytosis by rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) macrophages by botulinum c2 toxin and its trypsinized component ii. | botulinum c2 toxin (c2t) is composed of two nonlinked protein components, components i and ii. the toxin reconstituted with component i and trypsinized component ii inhibited phagocytosis of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and mouse macrophages. inhibition in both cell types was observed over a range of toxin concentrations that were not toxic to the cells. because cytoplasmic action of rainbow trout macrophages is adp-ribosylated by component i, the inhibition of phagocytosis in trout cells ... | 1994 | 7698363 |
| experimental streptococcal meningo-encephalitis in cultured fish. | in 1984 a disease of fish appeared in israel which spread rapidly in cultured fishponds. the disease affected tilapia (oreochromis aura x oreochromis nilotica hybrids) and trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). common carp (cyprinus carpus), although reared in community with tilapia were not susceptible to the disease. various species of ornamental cyprinids and cichlids were also affected. morbidity was high and mortality ranged between 50% (in trout) and 30% (in tilapia). clinical and pathological findi ... | 1995 | 7716882 |
| hydrolyzed feather meal as feed component in diets for rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and effects of dietary protein/energy ratio on the efficiency of utilization of digestible energy and protein. | two feeding trials were performed on rainbow trout of mean initial weights of 40 and 50 g and lasting for 12 and 14 weeks, respectively. in trial 1, diets contained per kg 300 g fish meal and varying proportions of gelatinized maize starch plus either casein or hydrolyzed feather meal. dietary crude protein content varied from about 27 to 53%. in trial 2, all diets had about 45% crude protein. fish meal (300 g/kg) was replaced in 3 steps by hydrolyzed feather meal either without or with suppleme ... | 1994 | 7733808 |
| molecular characterization of an aeromonas salmonicida mutant with altered surface morphology and increased systemic virulence. | the asoa gene of aeromonas salmonicida is located approximately 7 kb downstream of the a-layer structural gene, vapa. a 6 kb bamhi fragment containing asoa was cloned and marker-exchange mutagenesis using a kanamycin-resistance cassette was performed to generate an asoa mutation in the low-virulence strain a449l. when analysed by electron microscopy, the mutant a449l-mb exhibited an altered surface morphology. strands and blebs of membranous material were observed protruding from the disorganize ... | 1995 | 7752897 |
| relationship between resistance of salmonids to furunculosis and recovery of aeromonas salmonicida from external mucus. | fish were sampled at the ed weed state fish hatchery (south hero, vermont, usa) in september 1992. aeromonas salmonicida was common, with concentrations as high as 10(5) to 10(7) colony-forming units per gram of mucus, and readily recovered from most mucus samples obtained from furunculosis-sensitive populations of brook trout (salvelinus fontinalis), lake trout (salvelinus namaycush), and atlantic salmon (salmo salar). the pathogen was the predominant microorganism and accounted for greater tha ... | 1994 | 7760494 |
| trout and chicken proglucagon: alternative splicing generates mrna transcripts encoding glucagon-like peptide 2. | in mammals, the proglucagon gene is transcribed into a single identical mrna in pancreas, intestine, and brain. the proglucagon mrna encodes glucagon and two glucagon-like peptides (glp 1 and glp 2), whose production is regulated by tissue-specific proteolytic processing. previously characterized pancreatic proglucagon cdnas from birds and fish encode glucagon and only one glucagon-like peptide, glp 1. the isolation of intestinal proglucagon cdnas from the rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, and ... | 1995 | 7776976 |
| purification and structural characterization of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide from the trout and bowfin. | vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (vip) was purified from extracts of the stomachs of the rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, and the bowfin, amia calva. the primary structure of vip from both species was the same: his-ser-asp-ala-ile-phe-thr-asp-asn-tyr10- ser-arg-phe-arg-lys-gln-met-ala-val-lys20-lys-tyr-leu-asn-ser-val- leu-thr. this amino acid sequence shows only one amino acid substitution (val5-->ile) compared with the common sequence of vip from the chicken, alligator, and european green ... | 1995 | 7781967 |
| n-terminal amino acid sequence of a 28 kda major serum high density lipoprotein of the rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. | as there are few data on primary structures of fish apolipoproteins (apo), we determined the n-terminal sequence of a 28 kda major serum protein of rainbow trout, a possible homologue of apoai protein in higher vertebrates. rainbow trout serum was separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis. a spot of the 28 kda protein (pl 5.45) was cut out and directly applied to a protein sequencer. we succeeded in sequencing 30 amino acids from the n-terminal. the sequence of the 28 kda protein shared a hig ... | 1994 | 7799567 |
| involvement of an inhibitory g-protein in the signal transduction pathway of maturation-inducing hormone (17 alpha,20 beta-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one) action in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) oocytes. | to investigate the mechanism by which the hormone 17 alpha,20 beta-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one(17 alpha,20 beta-dp) acts on a receptor on the external surface of rainbow trout oocytes to induce maturation, the interaction between 17 alpha,20 beta-dp receptors and g-proteins was examined. pertussis toxin (pt) catalyzed the adp ribosylation of a 40-kda protein in crude membranes from rainbow trout postvitellogenic oocytes, and cholera toxin (ct) labeled several proteins, including a major protein wi ... | 1994 | 7813780 |
| effect of injected yeast glucan on the activity of macrophages in atlantic salmon, salmo salar l., as evaluated by in vitro hydrogen peroxide production and phagocytic capacity. | a prepared polysaccharide from the cell wall of yeast, m-glucan, has previously been demonstrated to have immunostimulatory effects in salmonids as observed by enhanced in vivo non-specific disease resistance in atlantic salmon, salmo salar l., and increased in vitro bactericidal activity of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), macrophages. in the present study m-glucan was injected intraperitoneally into atlantic salmon and the effect on core components in the non-specific part of the ... | 1994 | 7835949 |
| evolution of specific antigen recognition: size reduction and restricted length distribution of the cdrh3 regions in the rainbow trout. | the immunoglobulin heavy chain repertoire in fish was investigated by cloning a total of 88 rearranged vdj junctions from the head kidney b cell mrna of a salmonid, the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). trout dh segments are short and cannot be classified into independent dh families. several of the ten identified putative dh segments had stretches of nucleotide sequence identity with mouse (dq52, dfl 16.2 and dsp 2.1), human (dm1) and chicken (dh4) dh. there was a clear preference for one or ... | 1995 | 7843242 |
| presence of angiotensin ii immunoreactivity in the ovary of the rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. | renin-angiotensin system is present in mammalian ovarian follicular fluid and follicles. the demonstration of specific binding sites for angiotensin ii in the follicular structures of rats suggests that angiotensin ii may be related to the regulation of steroid biosynthesis in the mammalian ovary. little is known about the presence and the action of angiotensin ii in nonmammalian ovaries. an immunocytochemical investigation of angiotensin ii in developing ovarian follicles of trout has been carr ... | 1994 | 7843557 |
| gonadotropin releasing hormone (gnrh) neurons project to growth hormone and somatolactin cells in the steelhead trout. | analysis of gene expression using gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh) antisense oligonucleotide confirmed by immunocytochemical localization the occurrence of gnrh neurons along the nervus terminalis in the steelhead trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). double-label immunocytochemistry revealed the distribution of mammalian (m), salmon (s) and chicken ii (cii)-type gnrhs and various pituitary hormones. both sgnrh and mgnrh appeared to be colocalized in the same cells of the nervus terminalis. chicken ... | 1994 | 7868362 |
| [characterization of cdna of t-cell receptor beta chain in rainbow trout]. | using a two-step pcr strategy, we have cloned several cdna segments encoding the t-cell receptor beta chain in a teleost fish, the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). the nine clones analyzed encode identical n-terminal-truncated v beta regions which present limited sequence similarities with several mammalian tcr v beta chains, from residue tyr-35 to residue ser-95. these v beta regions are followed by v beta-d beta-j beta-like regions which are different in all the sequenced clones, and by id ... | 1994 | 7882160 |
| effects of transforming growth factor beta 1 on rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss macrophage respiratory burst activity. | natural bovine transforming growth factor beta 1 (tgf-beta 1) was found to have both enhancing and suppressing effects on the respiratory burst activity of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, head kidney macrophages. incubation with tgf-beta 1 alone increased respiratory burst activity using doses from 0.05 to 0.2 ng/ml. however, incubation of activated macrophages with tgf-beta 1 decreased their respiratory burst activity in a dose-dependent manner. coincubation of macrophages with activating s ... | 1994 | 7883061 |
| rainbow trout ventricular natriuretic peptide: isolation, sequencing, and determination of biological activity. | ventricular natriuretic peptide (vnp) is a new type of cardiac natriuretic peptide initially isolated from the eel ventricle. vnp has been isolated from cardiac ventricles of the rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, and found to consist of 35 amino acid residues carrying a c-terminal tail sequence with 14 amino acid residues. thus, the long c-terminal sequence characteristic of vnp was also conserved in the trout vnp. a vnp with 4 amino acid residues truncated from the c-terminus was also isolate ... | 1994 | 7883149 |
| observations on the development of syncuaria squamata (nematoda: acuariidae), a parasite of cormorants, in the intermediate and paratenic hosts. | the development of the nematode syncuaria squamata (linstow, 1883), a gizzard parasite of cormorants, was experimentally studied in the ostracod notodromas monacha. after the eggs of this nematode have been swallowed by the ostracod, the toothed first-stage larvae of the parasite are released and penetrate through the intestinal wall into the haemocoel of the crustacean. before attaining the infective third stage, the larvae moult twice in the body of the intermediate host (9-11 and 13-15 days a ... | 1994 | 7883250 |
| generation of poly- and mono-clonal antibodies against trout fibronectin (fn) and their use in fn immunodetection in teleost fishes. | immunization of rats with gelatin-affinity column purified fibronectin (fn) from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) plasma produced a polyclonal antiserum that reacts specifically with fn in immunoblotted protein extracts and cultured cells, not only from trout but also from swordtails (xiphophorus helleri). most importantly, this antiserum specifically stains fn-containing structures in sections from embryos, as well as skin and dorsal fin of swordtails and platyfish (xiphophorus maculatus), a ... | 1994 | 7893474 |
| a comparative study of effects of atrazine on xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes in fish and insect, and of the in vitro phase ii atrazine metabolism in some fish, insects, mammals and one plant species. | 1. atrazine (3 daily i.p. doses of 0.20 mg/kg or 10 ppb in the water for 14 days) did not change the xenobiotic metabolizing enzyme activities (xme) towards the substrates aldrin epoxidase (ae), nadph-cytochrome c reductase (nccr), 7-ethoxyresorufin o-deethylase (erod), 1-chloro-2,4-dinitro-benzene (cdnb) and 1,2-dichloro-4-nitrobenzene (dcnb) in trout liver (oncorhynchus mykiss) compared to the controls. 2. various treatment regimens of atrazine in a semisynthetic diet changed the xme activitie ... | 1993 | 7903609 |
| observations on the host specificity of pomphorhynchus patagonicus (acanthocephala) from the alicura reservoir (patagonia, argentina). | the acanthocephalan pomphorhynchus patagonicus was found in 3 species of fish in the alicura reservoir (patagonia, argentina). these included oncorhynchus mykiss, patagonina hatcheri, and percichthys trucha. prevalence, intensity, size of the parasites, and percentage of gravid females were analyzed. the relatively low prevalence and intensity were probably due to the low consumption of the intermediate host, hyalella patagonica. the highest values of intensity, length, and percentage of gravid ... | 1994 | 7931921 |
| dose-dependent carcinogenicity and frequent ki-ras proto-oncogene activation by dietary n-nitrosodiethylamine in rainbow trout. | while the experimental data upon which current concepts in mechanistically based risk assessment and molecular epidemiology are grounded derive almost entirely from rodent models, fish models have several attributes (e.g., low background incidence, extremely low cost tumor studies, nonmammalian comparative status for extrapolation of mechanisms to humans) that make them valuable adjuncts for addressing these concepts. this report provides an initial characterization of the dose dependency of die ... | 1994 | 7958563 |
| characterization of 3,5,3'-triiodo-l-thyronine transport into hepatocytes isolated from juvenile rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), and comparison with l-thyroxine transport. | uptake of 3,5,3'-triiodo-l-thyronine (t3) by isolated trout hepatocytes was characterized after 40 sec incubation of cells in a balanced salts medium containing [125]t3, and compared to l-thyroxine (t4) uptake (riley and eales, gen. comp. endocrinol. 90, 31-42, 1993). t3 uptake resembled t4 uptake in several ways. there was a small (< 10%) diffusion component. the balance of the uptake was temperature- and energy-dependent and involved a protein carrier, but did not depend on the presence of na+ ... | 1994 | 7958759 |
| urinary excretion of thyroid hormones in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. | urinary excretion of the thyroid hormones (th) l-thyroxine (t4), and 3,5,3'-triiodo-l-thyronine (t3) and their derivatives was studied in urinary-catheterized rainbow trout (mean wt. 227 g) fasted for 2 days under a 12-hr l:12-hr d photocycle in running water (12 degrees). catheterized trout were intracardiac-injected with [125i]t4 (*t4) or [125i]t3 (*t3) and urine was collected as 2-hr fractions over 48 hr. the 125i corresponding to i-, th conjugates (sulfates and glucuronides), or th was separ ... | 1994 | 7958760 |
| antigen-induced release of macrophage activating factor from rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss leucocytes. | the production of macrophage-activating factor (maf) by rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, head kidney leucocytes at varying times post-immunisation, with the fish bacterial pathogen, aeromonas salmonicida, was investigated and correlated with head kidney lymphocyte proliferation and serum antibody production. maf production was preceded by lymphocyte proliferation and both responses were highest using whole bacterial cells as the in vitro stimulant. maf production and antibody production incre ... | 1994 | 7975191 |
| [first report of camallanus corderoi torres, teuber and miranda, 1990 (nematoda: camallanidae) in cultured salmonids from puyehue lake, chile]. | during 1991, in one of three specimens of oncorhynchus mykiss cultured in puyehue lake (40 degrees 36's, 72 degrees 26'w) was registered for first time the infection by camallanus corderoi. comments on the morphological and geographic distribution of the three species of camallanus described in south america are also given. | 1993 | 7993535 |
| isolation and characterization of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) serum amyloid p component (sap) | we purified a ca(2+)-dependent agarose-binding protein from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) sera. sds-page analysis showed the possibility that the purified protein was a polymer with a molecular weight of over 100,000 composed of covalently-bounded 32-kda subunits. n-terminal twenty amino acid sequence of the 32-kda protein showed partial homology with other known serum amyloid p components (saps) including plaice (pleuronectes platessa) (indicated 40% homology), human (55%), hamster (45%), ... | 1994 | 7999887 |
| endocytosis and intracellular degradation of heterologous protein by eosinophilic granulocytes isolated from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) posterior intestine. | adherence capacity to tissue substrate, endocytosis capacity for heterologous and homologous proteins, and proteolytic activity were determined in intestinal granulocytes (egcs) isolated from healthy adult rainbow trout. the percentage of cells that could adhere to a smooth plastic surface increased with increasing incubation time. endocytosis was effective for heterologous (human immunoglobulin g, iggh; ovine somatotropin, ost) but not homologous proteins (recombinant trout somatotropin, rtst). ... | 1993 | 8004007 |
| the developmental trajectory of ultraviolet photosensitivity in rainbow trout is altered by thyroxine. | small (< 30 g) juvenile rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) possess retinal photoreceptor mechanisms sensitive to ultraviolet (uv), short (s), middle (m), and long (l) wavelengths. during normal development, uv photosensitivity is lost progressively until, by approx. 60 g, individuals are no longer sensitive in the uv. this shift in spectral sensitivity is associated with the disappearance of small accessory corner cones (accs) from the retinal photoreceptor cell mosaic: the uv cone mechanism is ... | 1994 | 8023449 |
| different stability of posttranslationally modified brain microtubules isolated from cold-temperate fish. | microtubule proteins were isolated by a temperature-dependent assembly-disassembly method from brain tissue of for cold-temperature fish; one fresh water fish (oncorhynchus mykiss), and three marine fish (labrus berggylta, zoarces viviparus and gadus morhua). the alpha-tubulins from all four fish species were acetylated. the alpha-tubulins from the marine fish were composed of a mixture of tyrosinated and detyrosinated tubulin, while the fresh water fish tubulin only reacted with an antibody aga ... | 1994 | 8028593 |
| the immunoglobulin repertoire of the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss): definition of nine igh-v families. | an igh-v library was constructed from the head kidney cytoplasmic rna of an 8.5-month-old non-immunized rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, using the 5' race polymerase chain reaction. six new igh-v segments were identified, bringing to nine the number of igh-v families actually defined in that species. a phylogenetic analysis shows that these nine igh-v families can be classified into three major groups. the first includes the igh-v1, igh-v3, igh-v4, and igh-v7 families, and is homologous to th ... | 1994 | 8039829 |
| temperature and ph effects on ca2+ sensitivity of cardiac myofibrils: a comparison of trout with mammals. | active salmonids maintain myocardial contractility at temperatures that are cardioplegic for mammals. we postulated that myofibrillar ca2+ sensitivity in the trout heart might 1) exhibit lower temperature dependence and/or 2) be greater over the range of physiological temperatures. temperature-induced changes in intracellular ph may also play a role as alkalosis typically increases calcium affinity of myofibrillar adenosinetriphosphatase (atpase). ca2+ sensitivities of ventricular myofibrillar a ... | 1994 | 8048646 |
| acid-base disequilibrium in the arterial blood of rainbow trout. | an extracorporeal blood circulation and a stopflow technique were used to examine the acid-base status of arterial blood in the rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. arterial blood was routed from the coeliac artery through an external circuit in which ph (pha), partial pressure of oxygen (pao2) and partial pressure of carbon dioxide (paco2) were monitored continuously. the stopflow condition was imposed by turning off the pump which drove the external loop. a radioisotopic co2 excretion assay was ... | 1994 | 8059088 |
| effect of ammoniation of aflatoxin b1-contaminated cottonseed feedstock on the aflatoxin m1 content of cows' milk and hepatocarcinogenicity in the trout bioassay. | the effectiveness of ammonia in inactivating aflatoxins in contaminated cottonseed was investigated. two aflatoxin-contaminated cottonseed lots were treated separately using an atmospheric pressure, ambient temperature ammoniation procedure (apat) or a high pressure, high temperature ammoniation procedure (hpht), and incorporated into dairy cow rations. isocalorific diets containing 25% defatted, dried milk from cows fed aflatoxin-contaminated cottonseed without or with apat or hpht treatment, o ... | 1994 | 8070735 |
| use of human sera containing autoantibodies for an immunochemical study of some ribosomal proteins in rat, trout, mussel and fly maggot. | sera from human subjects affected by autoimmune connective tissue diseases and containing antiribosomal autoantibodies were used to analyze by immunoblotting ribosomal proteins from trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) liver, mussel (mytilus edulis) hepatopancreas and whole fly maggots (calliphora vomitoria). as usual in medical analysis of autoantibodies, the reference antigen preparation was extracted from rat liver. with the used sera, six known ribosomal proteins from rat liver were characterized: p0 ... | 1994 | 8081655 |
| one of two growth hormone genes in coho salmon is sex-linked. | salmonid fishes have two growth hormone genes resulting from their polyploid ancestry. we used the polymerase chain reaction to examine genetic variation in the third intron (c) of both of these genes in coho salmon (oncorhynchus kisutch). a polymorphism in the length of intron c in gh-1 is due to a variable number of copies of a 31-nt repeat that is absent from gh-1 of the closely related chinook salmon (oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). thus, this tandem repeat ... | 1994 | 8127856 |
| human tumor necrosis factor alpha influences rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss leucocyte responses. | human recombinant tumor necrosis factor alpha (rtnf alpha) and rainbow trout macrophage activating factor (postulated gamma-interferon (gamma-ifn) analogue) synergised to elevate the respiratory burst activity of trout macrophages. this elevated response may parallel phenomena described in mammals where tnf alpha and gamma-ifn commonly synergise. human rtnf alpha also synergised with mitogenic stimuli to heighten proliferation responses of trout head kidney leucocytes. these data are indicative ... | 1994 | 8128611 |
| purification and characterization of urotensin ii from the brain of a teleost (trout, oncorhynchus mykiss) and an elasmobranch (skate, raja rhina). | peptides related to urotensin ii have been isolated in pure form from an extract of whole brain of a teleost, the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and of an elasmobranch, the longnose skate (raja rhina). the primary structure of the trout peptide [gly-gly-asn-ser-glu-cys-phe-trp-lys-tyr-cys-val] is similar to that of urotensin ii peptides isolated from the urophyses of other teleost fish. for example, trout urotensin ii contains only one amino acid substitution (thr4-->ser) compared with urot ... | 1993 | 8138107 |
| effects of in vitro nickel exposure on the macrophage-mediated immune functions of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | | 1994 | 8142706 |
| photoaffinity labeling of the ah receptor: phylogenetic survey of diverse vertebrate and invertebrate species. | the mammalian aromatic hydrocarbon (ah) receptor is a soluble protein involved in the regulation of gene expression by halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons such as 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (tcdd). little is known, however, about the presence and properties of this receptor in nonmammalian species. in these studies, we sought evidence for an ah receptor in the liver or liver-equivalent of diverse species of invertebrate and vertebrate animals. velocity sedimentation analysis of hepatic cy ... | 1994 | 8161208 |
| lymphocyte expression in transgenic trout by mouse immunoglobulin promoter/enhancer. | two groups of transgenic rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss, walbaum) have been produced and compared. one group harbored the reporter gene of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) associated with mouse immunoglobulin (ig) promoter/enhancer (pucl-cat-e). the other group carried the same reporter gene under the control of the cytomegalovirus promoter/enhancer (pcmv-cat). slot blot analysis of dna from blood cells and other tissues from pucl-cat-e fish showed variation of copy number between the ... | 1994 | 8206521 |
| recombinant protein fragments from haemorrhagic septicaemia rhabdovirus stimulate trout leukocyte anamnestic responses in vitro. | this work shows that viral protein fragments are capable of stimulating fish anamnestic immunological responses in leukocytes from the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss, w.). recombinant protein fragments of glycoprotein and nucleoprotein from the rhabdovirus causing viral haemorrhagic septicaemia of trout (vhsv), were cloned and expressed in escherichia coli, yersinia ruckeri (a trout pathogen) and saccharomyces cerevisiae. the recombinant protein fragments stimulated anamnestic responses in l ... | 1994 | 8207399 |
| purification of a vasoactive peptide related to lysyl-bradykinin from trout plasma. | incubation of plasma from the steelhead trout, oncorhynchus mykiss with porcine pancreatic glandular kallikrein generated bradykinin-like immunoreactivity. the primary structure of the immunoreactive peptide was established as: lys-arg-pro-pro-gly-trp-ser-pro-leu-arg. this sequence shows two amino acid substitutions (phe6-->trp and phe9-->leu) compared with mammalian lysyl-bradykinin (kallidin). bolus intraarterial injection of the purified peptide produced a strong and sustained vasopressor res ... | 1993 | 8224232 |
| effect of lipoxins and other eicosanoids on phagocytosis and intracellular calcium mobilisation in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) leukocytes. | rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) macrophages generated lipoxin (lx) a4, lxa5, leukotriene (lt) b4, ltb5 and 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-hete) during the phagocytosis of zymosan and escherichia coli, but not of the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae. prostaglandin (pg) e2 was also detected in supernatants from macrophages incubated with either zymosan or calcium ionophore a23187. lxa4 (10(-8)-10(-6) m) and ltb4 (10(-9)-10(-7) m) provoked rapid and transient dose-dependent increases in intr ... | 1993 | 8245703 |
| the inhibition by ionophores in vitro of an enterococcus-like pathogen of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. | streptococcosis is a major disease of several fish species in australia, japan and south africa. the minimum inhibitory concentration of some ionophores (lasalocid, monensin, narasin and salinomycin) was determined in vitro for an enterococcus-like species pathogenic for rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) in australia. forty isolates of the fish pathogen were tested, together with control strains of staphylococcus aureus atcc 29213, enterococcus faecalis atcc 29212 and streptococcus bovis atcc ... | 1993 | 8273272 |
| (ct)n and (gt)n microsatellites: a new class of genetic markers for salmo trutta l. (brown trout). | thirteen (gt)n and four (ct)n microsatellite loci (n = 10 or more and n = 20 or more, respectively) have been isolated from a partial genomic library of brown trout and sequenced. on average, a (gt)n repeat sequence occurs approximately every 23 kb and a (ct)n repeat sequence every 76 kb in brown trout genome. primers for dna amplifications using the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) were synthesized for three single locus microsatellites. mendelian inheritance of the observed polymorphisms was co ... | 1993 | 8276633 |
| salmonid pituitary gonadotrophs. iii. chronological appearance of gth i and other adenohypophysial hormones in the pituitary of the developing rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss irideus). | the first appearance of adenohypophysial cells in the developing rainbow trout embryo was studied by immunocytochemistry. antibodies generated against the beta subunits of coho salmon gonadotropins (gth i and gth ii), the beta subunit of human thyroid stimulating hormone (tsh), chum salmon prolactin (prl), chum salmon growth hormone (gh), and synthetic alpha-msh were used as immunocytochemical probes. the pituitary anlage was first recognized at developmental stage 21 (18 days postfertilization) ... | 1993 | 8282173 |
| fate of the fish pathogen aeromonas salmonicida in the peritoneal cavity of rainbow trout. | a model was developed to study the fate of the fish pathogen aeromonas salmonicida in vivo, inside a specialized intraperitoneal chamber implanted in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. although normally recalcitrant to lytic agents in vitro, owing to the presence of its regular surface array (s layer), a. salmonicida was rapidly killed in the peritoneal cavity by a host-derived, soluble lytic activity present in peritoneal fluid. peritoneal fluid was also found to kill other bacteria and lyse v ... | 1993 | 8306206 |
| hepatic cellular distribution of cytochrome p-450 ia1 in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss): an immunohisto- and cytochemical study. | monoclonal antibody 1-12-3 reactive against scup (stenotomus chrysops) cytochrome p450 e (a teleost cyp ia1) has been used to immunohistochemically localize cyp ia1 within hepatocytes and presumably sinusoidal endothelial and biliary epithelial cells of scup and trout. the goal of the present study was to extend immunohistochemical studies to the ultrastructural level determining intracellular locations of cyp ia1 in fish liver. juvenile trout (5-10 g) were given i.p. injections once (50 microgr ... | 1993 | 8339279 |
| quantification of antibody secreting cells to yersinia ruckeri by elispot assay after in vivo and in vitro immunization of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | the elispot assay was applied for the quantification of total and specific antibody secreting cells (asc) in spleen after in vitro immunization and in head kidney and blood after in vivo immunization of rainbow trout with yersivax vaccine. the highest number of total and specific anti-yersinia ruckeri asc was obtained on day 21 after in vivo immunization and on day 10 after in vitro immunization of spleen. | 1993 | 8342261 |
| activation of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) phagocytes by muramyl dipeptide. | immunoenhancing activity of synthetic muramyl dipeptide (mdp) was investigated in relation to the activation of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) phagocytes and to nonspecific protection against challenge with the fish pathogen aeromonas salmonicida. head kidney phagocytes collected from mdp-injected fish showed significant chemotactic activity against zymosan-activated normal rainbow trout serum, and phagocytic activities against both a. salmonicida and plastic beads. the mdp-activated phagoc ... | 1993 | 8388812 |
| novel antigens expressed by aeromonas salmonicida grown in vivo. | virulent and avirulent aeromonas salmonicida strains grown inside intraperitoneal implants in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) were examined for unique antigen expression. western blots (immunoblots), performed with immune rabbit serum raised against in vivo-grown cells, revealed several unique antigens. with the exception of lipopolysaccharide (lps), these novel antigens were destroyed after proteinase k treatment. the majority of these antigens were not induced in vitro in response to eithe ... | 1993 | 8406855 |
| immunological characterization of flavin-containing monooxygenases from the liver of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss): sexual- and age-dependent differences and the effect of trimethylamine on enzyme regulation. | polyclonal antibodies raised against flavin-containing monooxygenase (fmo) enzymes purified from pig liver and rabbit lung were used in conjunction with n,n-dimethylaniline (dma) n-oxidase to better characterize fmo from the liver of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). two proteins reacted with polyclonal antibodies raised against pig liver fmo (pl-1 and pl-2) and anti-rabbit lung fmo (rl-1 and rl-2). although there was no difference in dma n-oxidase observed between sexually mature male and fe ... | 1993 | 8427868 |
| steroidal alkaloid toxicity to fish embryos. | embryos of two species of fish were evaluated for their suitability as model systems for steroidal alkaloid toxicity, the japanese rice fish, medaka (oryzius latipes) and the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). additionally, the equine neurotoxic sesquiterpene lactone repin, was also tested. a probit program was used to evaluate the ec1, ec50 and ec99 as well as the associated confidence limits. the steroidal alkaloids tested were the solanum potato glycoalkaloids alpha-chaconine, alpha-solanin ... | 1993 | 8430437 |
| comparative rheology of human and trout red blood cells. | we have studied the comparative rheology of individual red blood cells from humans and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) at their natural body temperatures. trout red blood cells were large ellipsoids (about 16 microns x 11.5 microns x 2.5 microns) with a mean volume of 250 fl, a surface area of approximately 350 microns 2 and an elongated nucleus of about 9 microns x 5 microns. although much larger than human red cells (diameter 8 microns, v = 92 fl, a = 136 microns 2), both theoretical calcu ... | 1993 | 8440963 |
| cell surface c-reactive protein of rainbow trout lymphocytes. | c-reactive protein (crp) expressed on rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) lymphocytes was investigated to determine what role crp might have on lymphocyte function. c-reactive protein was detected on the surface (s-crp) of 25% of peripheral blood lymphocytes (pbl) and 4% of head kidney lymphocytes (hkl) by flow cytometry of cells labelled with biotinylated rabbit anti-rainbow trout crp igg and fluorescent-coupled avidin. purified crp, when added to cells in culture, bound to both pbl and hkl. st ... | 1993 | 8500642 |
| diphyllobothrium dendriticum and diphyllobothrium latum in fishes from southern argentina: association, abundance, distribution, pathological effects, and risk of human infection. | diphyllobothrium dendriticum and diphyllobothrium latum are reported for the first time from argentina. the following species from lake moreno (southern argentina) were studied to determine whether plerocercoids were present: 11 brook trout (salvelinus fontinalis), 32 perca (percichthys sp.), 21 pejerrey (patagonina hatcheri), and 114 rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). brook trout harbored both species (27.3% prevalence of d. dendriticum and 9.0% of d. latum); perca harbored only d. latum (18. ... | 1993 | 8501594 |
| characterization of l-thyroxine transport into hepatocytes isolated from juvenile rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | uptake of l-thyroxine (t4) by isolated trout hepatocytes was characterized after 1-min incubation of cells in a hanks' balanced salts medium containing glucose and [125i]t4. centrifugation through silicone oil and glycine buffer (ph 10.5) was used to separate cells from the medium and minimize extracellular binding of t4. at a t4 concentration of 0.2 nm, 15% of hepatocyte uptake was due to nonsaturable (passive) diffusion. saturable t4 uptake obeyed michaelis-menten kinetics with an apparent kt ... | 1993 | 8504920 |
| the transcriptional regulation of the growth hormone gene is conserved in vertebrate evolution. | growth hormone (gh) gene expression in mammals is regulated by the interaction of the transcription factor pit-1 with two binding sites within the proximal promoter. four sequences, homologous to the mammalian pit-1 motif occur in the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) ghii (rtgh) gene promoter, two of which partly overlap. the three regions containing these putative pit-1 binding sequences were protected from deoxyribonuclease i digestion by nuclear extracts of gc cells, a rat pituitary tumor ... | 1993 | 8507204 |
| [the development of the cestode fauna in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) in a newly formed surface mine residual water]. | helminthofaunistical studies on rainbow trout, wild fish and zooplankton organisms of a recently emerged rest waters from an open-cast mine have been made continuously in the period from 1980 till 1990. three years after the beginning of the trout production larval triaenophorosis appeared as the first cestodosis. in the subsequent time changes of the cestode fauna of rainbow trout kept in net-cages could already be observed within a few years. possible causes for the replacement of eubothrium c ... | 1993 | 8508218 |
| [effect of a supplemental aspergillus niger phytase on the utilization of plant phosphorus by rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss)]. | effects of a supplemental aspergillus niger-phytase on digestibility and utilization of dietary phosphorus (p) were studied in three experiments with rainbow trout. p concentration in the diets was 4.8 and 5.8 g/kg dm, respectively. the p contained in the diet originated solely from plants, mainly soy-products. digestibility of p was studied using the stripping method and hydrochloride insoluble ash as marker. utilization was studied in growth trials by use of the comparative body analysis. at a ... | 1995 | 8526727 |
| characterization of a rainbow trout mx gene. | a full-length cdna clone of a rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) mx gene was obtained using race (rapid amplification of cdna ends) polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplification of rna extracted from poly (i).(c)-induced rainbow trout gonad cells (rtg-2). mx was previously identified in rainbow trout by staeheli et al. by hybridization with a partial perch genomic mx probe to induced rainbow trout mrna. the 2.5 kb rainbow trout cdna clone contains an open reading frame of 1863 nt (nucleotides) ... | 1995 | 8528941 |
| use of aquatic organisms as models to determine the in vivo contribution of flavin-containing monooxygenases in xenobiotic biotransformation. | in an attempt to understand the evolution and role of flavin-containing monooxygenases (fmos) in xenobiotic biotransformation by aquatic organisms, a survey of hepatic fmo activity (n,n-dimethylaniline n-oxidase and thiourea oxidase) was performed in one brackish water fish and 17 species of freshwater fish, one of which was anadromous. only hepatic microsomes from the brackish water medaka (oryzia latipes), the freshwater centrarid lepomis macrochirus, and the anadromous rainbow trout (oncorhyn ... | 1995 | 8541983 |
| the thromboxane mimetic, u-46619, induces the aggregation of fish thrombocytes. | fish blood contains nucleated cells termed thrombocytes which are thought to be functionally analogous to mammalian platelets. the present study was undertaken to assess the aggregatory response of peripheral blood thrombocytes from the rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. incubation of percoll density gradient purified thrombocytes with the thromboxane a2 mimetic, u-46619 (0.03-10 microm), alone or in the presence of human or trout fibrinogen, elicited a dose-dependent aggregatory response. a gr ... | 1996 | 8562396 |
| enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) vitellogenin. | 1. a specific and simple enzyme-linked immunoassay for rainbow trout (onchorynchus mykiss) vitellogenin (vtg) is described. this assay is performed using a rabbit antiserum for vtg purified from trout plasma. 2. this assay is based upon the competition between soluble vtg and vtg adsorbed on microtiter plates, for the rabbit anti-vtg antibody binding sites. 3. the adsorbed vtg-antibody complexes are revealed through the peroxidase-antiperoxidase antibody, which is colored by o-phenylendiamin. th ... | 1995 | 8567984 |
| some functional properties of teleost antithrombin. | antithrombin from bony fish (teleostei), represented by an ancient salmonid, atlantic salmon (salmo salar l.), and a more evolved species from the same family, rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss walbaum), functions in vitro as does its human counterpart: it inactivates thrombin almost instantaneously in the presence of heparin and only slowly when heparin is absent. the inhibitory activity of salmonid antithrombin towards the homologous thrombin did not differ noticeably from its inactivating ca ... | 1995 | 8578545 |
| comparison of diagnostic tests for bacterial kidney disease in juvenile steelhead trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | in order to accurately diagnose bacterial kidney disease caused by renibacterium salmoninarum in steelhead trout, kidney tissue from experimentally infected fish was evaluated using a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) test kit, fluorescent antibody (fa) testing, bacteriologic culture, and histopathology. seventy-five steelhead trout were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 groups and intraperitoneally inoculated with 0.15 ml saline (n = 20), 1 x 10(10) organisms/ml (n = 18 ... | 1995 | 8580171 |
| properties of iridoviruses from ornamental fish. | an iridovirus from 2 species of freshwater tropical imported fish was examined for its antigenic and biochemical properties and virulence for 3 species of food fish. the virus was found in both guppy (poecilia reticulata) and doctor fish (labroides dimidatus). the virus replicated in numerous fish cell lines including bf-2, cco and epc. virus titers reached 10(8) tcid50/ml in each cell line. the virions had similar size and morphology to those previously reported to cause systemic infections amo ... | 1995 | 8581016 |
| dose-response effects of recombinant bovine somatotropin (posilac) on growth performance and body composition of two-year-old rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | two hundred rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss, mean weight 301.5 g) were allotted to four treatments with five replicates in a randomized block design to determine the dose-response effects of recombinant bovine somatotropin (rbst; posilac) on growth performance and carcass composition. treatments were sham-injected controls (s), 10 micrograms/g bw of rbst (l), 20 micrograms/g bw of rbst (m), and 30 micrograms/g bw of rbst (h). the tanks held 135 l; water flow = 15.1 l/min; temperature = 15 deg ... | 1995 | 8586575 |
| the complete nucleotide sequence of the mitochondrial dna genome of the rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. | the complete nucleotide sequence of the mitochondrial dna of the rainbow trout, onchorynchus mykiss, has been determined. the total length of the molecule is 16,660 bp. the rainbow trout mitochondrial dna has the same organization described in eutherian mammals, the clawed frog (xenopus laevis), and the two fish species, oriental stream loach (crossotoma lacustre) and carp (cyprinus carpio). alignment and comparison of the deduced amino acid sequences of the 13 proteins encoded by rainbow trout ... | 1995 | 8587139 |
| study of a viral-dual infection in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) by seroneutralization, western blot and polymerase chain reaction assays. | viral-dual infections in fish are of interest to aquaculture practices but they are rarely described and studied. several methods were applied in this work to demonstrate a case of coinfection in a reared rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) population. inoculation in cell cultures and cross-neutralization tests were the standard procedures that made it possible to isolate and identify a birnavirus, the infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (ipnv), and suspect of a second virus. western blotting w ... | 1995 | 8588842 |
| immunolocalization of na+, k+-atpase in the gill epithelium of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. | the na+,k+-atpase (the sodium pump) plays a crucial role in ion transport in the fish gill. an immunocytochemical method has been optimized, using the mouse monoclonal antibody igg alpha5, raised against the alpha subunit of the avian sodium pump, to localize na+,k+-atpase in fish gill cells. the method appears to be successful for the immunolocalization of na+,k+-atpase in both paraffin-embedded gill tissue sections and primary cultures of fish gill epithelial cells. the immunostaining has demo ... | 1996 | 8593675 |
| identification of four ovarian receptor proteins that bind vitellogenin but not other homologous plasma lipoproteins in the rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. | membrane proteins from ovarian follicles, testis and somatic tissues of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, were extracted by ultracentrifugation, separated on sodium dodecyl sulphate gels and isolated on polyvinyl difluoride membranes. vitellogenin receptor proteins were visualized using protein staining and hybridisation with 125i-vitellogenin. four follicle-membrane proteins, with molecular masses of 220, 210, 110 and 100 kda, showed a strong affinity for vitellogenin and were specific to the ... | 1996 | 8621837 |
| assignment of the tp53 orthologue to a new linkage group (lg xiv) in fish of the genus xiphophorus (teleostei: poeciliidae). | using a p53 encoding cdna fragment of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) as probe, a lambda clone from a platyfish (xiphophorus maculatus) genomic library was isolated. dna sequencing of the insert from this clone revealed that it contained the highly conserved domains iv and v of the p53 polypeptide. to map the xiphophorus p53 gene, joint segregation analysis of the inheritance of a psti-generated dna restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) and the inheritance of 36 polymorphic protein ... | 1996 | 8640724 |
| effects of flavonoids on aromatase activity, an in vitro study. | in the study, the inhibitory effect of flavonoids, including isoflavonic phytoestrogens, on the ovarian aromatase enzyme complex from the rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, was assessed in vitro. some of the compounds tested on fish were also tested on human placental aromatase activity as a comparison between the two sources of enzyme. it was found that flavone, dl-aminoglutethimide, apigenin, quercetin, 7,4'- dihydroxyflavone, alpha-naphthoflavone and equol were potent inhibitors of the ovari ... | 1996 | 8645631 |
| prevalence of listeria monocytogenes and other listeria spp.in smoked and 'gravad' fish. | altogether 150 samples of vacuum-packed fish were examined for the presence of listeria species. listeria monocytogenes were isolated from 12 of 58 'gravad' fish samples, 3 of 26 cold-smoked and one of 66 hot-smoked fish samples. ten of these 16 positive samples harboured more than 100 l. monocytogenes cfu/g. the highest level (132,000) was found in a sample of hot-smoked rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). serogroup 1/2 was most frequently found, followed by 4 and 3. one sample of gravad rainb ... | 1996 | 8659342 |
| edwardsiella tarda septicaemia in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | | 1996 | 8660188 |
| human lipoprotein lipase last exon is not translated, in contrast to lower vertebrates. | we have sequenced the first fish (zebrafish, brachydanio rerio) lipoprotein lipase (lpl) cdna clone. similarities were found in mammalian lpl cdna, but the codon spanning the last two exons (which is thus split by the last intron) is aga (arg) as opposed to tga in mammals. exon 10 is thus partially translated. these results were confirmed with rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). we also investigated whether mammal tga coded for selenocystein (secys), the 21st amino acid, but found that this was ... | 1996 | 8660435 |
| the recombination activating gene 2 (rag2) of the rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. | we have previously described the isolation and expression of rag1 in trout to provide an initial understanding regarding the tissues involved in v(d)j recombination of antigen receptors in this teleost. here we report that the recombination activating gene 2 (rag2) of rainbow trout has now been cloned and characterized. the rainbow trout genomic rag2 gene (1602 base pairs) displays an average of 60% and 75% similarity at the nucleotide and amino acid level when compared with clones from other sp ... | 1996 | 8662087 |
| gene expression in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) following intramuscular injection of dna. | expression of the firefly luciferase gene under the control of viral or fish promoters was observed in fish tissue after direct dna injection of plasmid dna. plasmid dna containing the firefly luciferase gene was injected into the skeletal muscle of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), and levels of luciferase activity were found to be dependent on the controlling promoter and the amount of injected dna. plasmids using the cytomegalovirus immediate early promoter (cmv-iep) consistently produced ... | 1996 | 8680523 |
| genetic immunization of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) against infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus. | plasmid vectors encoding the infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) nucleoprotein or glycoprotein gene under the control of a cytomegalovirus promoter were used to immunize rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) against ihnv. the plasmid dna was injected into the skeletal muscle of rainbow trout fry, and immunization was determined by the detection of virus-neutralizing and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay antibody activity, and by protection against live virus challenge. fish injected wit ... | 1996 | 8680524 |
| structure and diversity of the tcr alpha-chain in a teleost fish. | t cell receptor beta-chain genes are well characterized in representatives of most vertebrate phyla, from sharks to mammals, but the molecular structure of complete tcr alpha-chains has not yet been established in cold-blooded vertebrates. we used a pcr approach to isolate cdnas encoding putative teleost fish (oncorhynchus mykiss, rainbow trout) tcr alpha-chains. eight v alpha segments were identified, belonging to six different families, and the best amino acid sequence identity scores for thes ... | 1996 | 8683116 |
| regulation of cartilage glycosaminoglycan synthesis in the rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, by 3,3',5-tri-iodo-l-thyronine and igf-i. | the actions of 3,3',5-tri-iodo-l-thyronine (t3) and recombinant human igf-i (rhigf-i) as well as their interaction on cartilage growth in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) were examined. uptake of 3h-methyl thymidine and 35s-sulfate by isolated branchial cartilage was measured as a marker for chondrocyte proliferation and sulfated glycosaminoglycan synthesis respectively. when t3 (1.0 microgram/g) was injected intraperitoneally, plasma t3 levels reached a transient peak after 1 day and decreas ... | 1996 | 8708549 |
| fate and biological effects of polymeric mdi (4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate and homologs) in small artificial ponds. | the effects from a simulated accidental pollution event in a pond with polymeric mdi (4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate and homologs) on different trophic levels of the aquatic ecosystem were investigated in small artificial ponds. three 4.5-m3 volume ponds, interconnected with closable locks, were provided with natural lake sediment and ground water. caged fish (rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss) were added to each pond, and the interconnecting locks were kept open to establish nearly identica ... | 1996 | 8723751 |
| thyroid hormone deiodination pathways in brain and liver of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. | outer-ring (5') deiodination (ord) and inner-ring (5) deiodination (ird) of l-thyroxine (t4) and 3,5,3'-triiodo-l-thyronine (t3) were studied in whole-brain microsomes of rainbow trout and compared with liver deiodination. brain t4ord activity (apparent km = 1.2-2.5 nm; v(max) = 0.10-0.14 pmol/hr/mg microsomal protein) was less than t4ird activity (apparent km = 4.9; v(max) = 0.32) and t3ird activity (apparent km = 5.2-5.4; v(max) = 1.1-2.0); t3ord activity was negligible. all three brain deiodi ... | 1996 | 8729942 |
| tissue distribution and structure of barrier cells in the hematopoietic and lymphoid organs of salmonids. | barrier cells have been recognized as a discrete group of fibroblastic- or myofibroblastic-like cells located in the lymphoid and hematopoietic organs of mammals. this paper reports the results of a morphological study of the main lymphoid organs of three salmonid species, in which cells structurally similar to the mammalian barrier cells were observed in healthy animals. | 1996 | 8731035 |
| effect of feeding time on hepatic nucleic acid, plasma t3, t4, and gh concentrations in rainbow trout. | the effect of feeding time (dawn, midnight) on the growth performance and daily pattern of liver nucleic acid concentrations, plasma thyroid hormone, and growth hormone concentrations was studied in immature rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss, mean individual weight: 55 g). fish were held in groups of 20 individuals (12 groups per treatment) and maintained in flow-through tanks supplied with river water under natural photoperiod. food pellets (aqualim, 49% crude protein) were delivered daily ove ... | 1996 | 8737893 |
| a live (delta aroa) aeromonas salmonicida vaccine for furunculosis preferentially stimulates t-cell responses relative to b-cell responses in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | we have previously described (l. m. vaughan, p. r. smith, and t. j. foster, infect. immun. 61:2172-2181, 1993) the construction of a kanamycin-resistant aromatic-dependent mutant of aeromonas salmonicida, the causative agent of furunculosis, and its use as a live vaccine. here we describe the construction of an unmarked aroa deletion mutant and examine the nature and magnitude of immune responses in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) to this vaccine strain. good proliferative and antibody respo ... | 1996 | 8751940 |
| isolation and characterization of a vitellogenin cdna from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and the complete sequence of a phosvitin coding segment. | phosvitins are extensively phosphorylated serine-rich proteins that are derived from a large hepatic phosphoglycolipoprotein, vitellogenin, and are deposited, after suitable processing, in the eggs of oviparous vertebrates. despite their widespread occurrence and apparent importance for early embryonic development, very few phosvitins have been sequenced thus far, including no teleost protein. we used a polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-assisted approach to isolate a vitellogenin cdna clone, compl ... | 1996 | 8756342 |
| arlee line of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) exhibits a low level of nonspecific cytotoxic cell activity. | nonspecific cytotoxic cell (ncc) activity was assessed in the peripheral blood of four isogenic lines of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) which were derived by the chromosome set manipulation technique of androgenesis. in these fish, whose isogenicity was previously confirmed by multilocus dna fingerprint analysis, ncc activity was studied by the release of 51cr from yac-1 targets. two groups of trout (the homozygous arlee 12 line and the heterozygous hybrid of the arlee 63 and arlee 12 lines ... | 1995 | 8773199 |
| effects of in vitro addition of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (ipnv) on rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss leucocyte responses. | infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (ipnv) did not replicate in rainbow trout macrophages cultured in vitro, but a limited increase in viral titer was observed when total leucocytes were infected with the virus. macrophages did not respond directly to ipnv, in that ipnv did not trigger the respiratory burst of these cells, even when the macrophages were previously stimulated. supernatants were generated from leucocytes and macrophages exposed to the virus, using a variety of incubation periods ... | 1996 | 8792573 |
| cloning and expression of salmon cardiac troponin c: titration of the low-affinity ca(2+)-binding site using a tryptophan mutant. | activation of cardiac actomyosin atpase requires the occupation of the single low-affinity ca(2+)-binding site of troponin c (ctnc). previously, we demonstrated pronounced differences between mammals and cold-water salmonid fish in the ca2+ sensitivity of cardiac preparations, particularly in relation to temperature [churcotte, c., moyes, c. d., baldwin, k., bressler, b., & tibbits, g. f. (1994) am. j. physiol. 267, r62-r70]. in this study, we examine the extent to which ctnc structure could acc ... | 1996 | 8794756 |
| kinetic analysis of thyroid hormone secretion and interconversion in the 5-day-fasted rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. | estimating the 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (t3) thyroidal secretion rate and the rate of extrathyroidal conversion of thyroxine (t4) to t3 are two difficult and important quantitative endocrine system problems in vertebrates. to address these questions in fish, two thyroid hormone tracer studies were modeled and analyzed, based on data from two groups of rainbow trout maintained at 12 degrees and fasted for 5 days. the data consisted of three time series: plasma concentrations of radioactive 125i-la ... | 1996 | 8812348 |
| identification of thyroid hormone conjugates produced by isolated hepatocytes and excreted in bile of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. | we studied thyroid hormone (th) conjugation in fasted trout by incubating isolated hepatocytes with either [125i]t4 or [125i]t3, and by analyzing bile from trout injected with either [125i]t4 or [125i]t3. glucuronide conjugates were identified by hydrolysis with beta-glucuronidase and sulfate conjugates by acid solvolysis with ethyl acetate/trifluoroacetic acid (1%). we used sephadex lh-20 chromatography to concentrate the conjugate fractions from hepatocyte incubates prior to hplc analysis. glu ... | 1996 | 8812356 |
| characteristics of the uptake of 3,5,3'-triiodo-l-thyronine and l-thyroxine into red blood cells of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | the mechanisms of uptake of thyroid hormones (th) 3,5,3'-triiodo-l-thyronine (t3) and l-thyroxine (t4) by trout red blood cells (rbc) were characterized by coincubating washed rbc with [125i]t3 or [125i]t4 and a variety of inhibitors and potentially competing amino acids and th analogues. nonsaturable uptake of both th was unaffected by almost all agents tested, consistent with a diffusion process. saturable t3 uptake was unaffected by a major (80%) cyanide- and iodoacetate-induced reduction in ... | 1996 | 8812373 |