| suitability of hyperspectral imaging for rapid evaluation of thiobarbituric acid (tba) value in grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) fillet. | the suitability of hyperspectral imaging technique (400-1000 nm) was investigated to determine the thiobarbituric acid (tba) value for monitoring lipid oxidation in fish fillets during cold storage at 4°c for 0, 2, 5, and 8 days. the plsr calibration model was established with full spectral region between the spectral data extracted from the hyperspectral images and the reference tba values and showed good performance for predicting tba value with determination coefficients (r(2)p) of 0.8325 and ... | 2015 | 25308667 |
| grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) traf6 and tak1: molecular cloning and expression analysis after ichthyophthirius multifiliis infection. | ichthyophthirius multifiliis, a pathogenic ciliate parasite, infects almost all freshwater fish species and causes significant economic losses. tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (traf6) and transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase 1 (tak1) are two important signaling molecules involved in toll-like receptor (tlr) signal transduction. to date, the roles of traf6 and tak1 in host defense against fish parasites are still poorly understood. in the present study, traf6 (citraf6) ... | 2013 | 23542602 |
| [genetic variation analysis of wild populations of grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) using microsatellite markers]. | twelve microsatellites were used to analyze the genetic diversity and genetic structure of eight wild populations of grass carp, among which six populations from yangtze river (hanjiang, wujian, jiujiang, shishou, mudong, and wanzhou), one population from pearl river and heilongjiang river for each, zhaoqing, and nenjiang, respectively. twelve markers showed highly polymorphic and all the eight populations contained high genetic variations. the variations of six populations of yangtze river and ... | 2013 | 23448932 |
| microrna signature in response to nutrient restriction and re-feeding in fast skeletal muscle of grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella). | the grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) is one of the most important cultivated fish species in china. mounting evidences suggests that micrornas (mirnas) may be key regulators of skeletal muscle among the grass carp, but the knowledge of the identity of myogenic mirnas and role of mirnas during skeletal muscle anabolic state remains limited. in the present study, we choose 8 mirnas previously reported to act as muscle growth-related mirnas for fasting-refeeding research. we investigated postpr ... | 2014 | 25297080 |
| 2,4-dichlorophenol induces apoptosis in primary hepatocytes of grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) through mitochondrial pathway. | 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-dcp), a major type of chlorophenols, has been widely used to produce some herbicides and pharmaceuticals, yet due to its incomplete degradation and bioaccumulation characteristics, it is toxic to aquatic organisms. apoptosis is one of the most severe outcomes of cell poisoning and injury. so far, the potential molecular mechanism of 2,4-dcp-induced apoptosis has not been reported. this study showed that 2,4-dcp significantly induced apoptosis in primary hepatocytes of gra ... | 2013 | 23774520 |
| sirna-mediated knockdown of cigrp78 gene expression leads cell susceptibility to heavy metal cytotoxicity. | heavy metal ion is one of the critical environmental pollutants accumulated in living organisms and causes toxic or carcinogenic effects once passed threshold levels. as an important member of hsp70 (heat shock protein 70) family, the 78-kda glucose-regulated protein (grp78) can enhance cell survival rates remarkably under thermal stress. recent studies also demonstrated that the expression of grp78 enhances the cell survival under heavy metal stress. in this study, three most representative hea ... | 2014 | 25241386 |
| effects of dietary arginine supplementation on growth performance, flesh quality, muscle antioxidant capacity and antioxidant-related signalling molecule expression in young grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella). | growth performance, flesh quality, antioxidant status and antioxidant-related signalling molecule expression in the muscle of young grass carp, which were fed graded levels of arginine (6.9-24.5 g/kg diet) for eight weeks, were investigated. muscle protein, lipid and nitric oxide contents, shear force, hydroxyproline concentration, and ph were significantly improved by appropriate arginine. cooking loss, lactate content, cathepsins activities, malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl contents exhibi ... | 2015 | 25148964 |
| dietary tryptophan modulates intestinal immune response, barrier function, antioxidant status and gene expression of tor and nrf2 in young grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella). | the present research evaluated the effects of dietary tryptophan (trp) on growth performance, intestinal mucosal immune, barrier function and antioxidant capacity and gene expression of young grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella). fish were fed six different experimental diets containing graded levels of trp at 0.7(control), 1.7, 3.1, 4.0, 5.2 and 6.1 g kg(-1) diet for 8 weeks. the results showed that trp supplementation significantly enhanced the percent weight gain (pwg), feed intake and feed e ... | 2014 | 25047359 |
| the impaired intestinal mucosal immune system by valine deficiency for young grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) is associated with decreasing immune status and regulating tight junction proteins transcript abundance in the intestine. | this study investigated the effects of dietary valine on the growth, intestinal immune response, tight junction proteins transcript abundance and gene expression of immune-related signaling molecules in the intestine of young grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella). six iso-nitrogenous diets containing graded levels of valine (4.3-19.1 g kg(-)(1) diet) were fed to the fish for 8 weeks. the results showed that percentage weight gain (pwg), feed intake and feed efficiency of fish were the lowest in f ... | 2014 | 25014314 |
| molecular identification of transcription factor runx1 variants in grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) and their responses to immune stimuli. | the runt-related transcription factor (runx) family consists of three members, runx1, runx2 and runx3 in mammals, which are involved in various biological processes. recent studies have demonstrated that runx1 plays critical roles in the immunity of higher vertebrates. in fish, zebrafish and fugu runx family members have been identified, and their chromosome location, promoter usage and expression patterns have been elucidated. however, their expression profiles in immune responses are still unk ... | 2014 | 25001908 |
| characterization of alpha-2-macroglobulin from groupers. | alpha-2-macroglobulin (α-2-m) is a protease inhibitor broadly present in the plasma of vertebrates and invertebrates, and is an important non-specific humoral factor in defence system of the animals. this study conducted the immuno-analysis and mass spectrometric analysis methods to investigate the characteristics of the protease inhibitor, α-2-m, among groupers and related species. rabbit antiserum to the purified α-2-m of epinephelus coioides was used in different immunological methods to dete ... | 2013 | 23711467 |
| purification and characterization of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (g6pd) from grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) and inhibition effects of several metal ions on g6pd activity in vitro. | glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (g6pd) is a key enzyme catalyzing the first step of the pentose phosphate pathway which generates nadph for anabolic pathways and protection systems in various organisms, including fish. in the present study, g6pd was purified from grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) hepatopancreas using the methods of 2',5'-adp-sepharose 4b affinity chromatography followed by deae sepharose fast flow ion exchange chromatography. the characterization of g6pd and inhibition effe ... | 2013 | 23053609 |
| factors influencing the grass carp gut microbiome and its effect on metabolism. | gut microbiota have attracted extensive attention recently because of their important role in host metabolism, immunity and health maintenance. the present study focused on factors affecting the gut microbiome of grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) and further explored the potential effect of the gut microbiome on metabolism. totally, 43.39 gb of screened metagenomic sequences obtained from 24 gut samples were fully analysed. we detected 1228 phylotypes (116 archaea and 1112 bacteria), most of ... | 2014 | 24256454 |
| toxic effects of three strobilurins (trifloxystrobin, azoxystrobin and kresoxim-methyl) on mrna expression and antioxidant enzymes in grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) juveniles. | the strobilurins are used widely in the world as effective fungicidal agents to control asian soybean rust. in this study, the early life stage of grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella), which is one of the most important aquaculture species in china, was chosen to measure the acute toxicity of three common strobilurin-derived fungicides (trifloxystrobin (tfs), azoxystrobin (az) and kresoxim-methyl (km)). as endpoints, normal developmental parameters (lethal concentration (lc₅₀) and average heart ... | 2013 | 24210350 |
| characterization of grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) il-17d: molecular cloning, functional implication and signal transduction. | although the roles of il-17 family members during inflammation have been extensively studied in mammals, their knowledge in lower vertebrates is limited. in particular, the biological activities of fish il-17 and their functional roles are largely unknown. in this study, we cloned grass carp il-17d (gcil-17d) and found that its putative protein possessed the conserved features of il-17 family members. tissue distribution analysis showed that gcil-17d was preferentially expressed in the mucosal t ... | 2014 | 24120974 |
| divergent functions of fibroblast growth factor receptor-like 1 genes in grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella). | fibroblast growth factor receptor-like 1 (fgfrl1) is a novel fgf receptor (fgfr) lacking an intracellular tyrosine kinase domain. fgfrs control the proliferation, differentiation and migration of cells in various tissues. however the functions of fgfrl1 in teleost fish are currently unknown. in this study, we report the identification of two fgfrl1 genes in grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) that share 56% amino acid sequence identity. both fgfrl1a and 1b were transcribed throughout embryogene ... | 2015 | 25981703 |
| dietary pantothenic acid deficiency and excess depress the growth, intestinal mucosal immune and physical functions by regulating nf-κb, tor, nrf2 and mlck signaling pathways in grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella). | this study investigated the effects of dietary pantothenic acid (pa) on the growth, intestinal mucosal immune and physical barrier, and relative mrna levels of signaling molecules in the intestine of grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella). a total of 540 grass carp (253.44 ± 0.69 g) were fed six diets with graded levels of pa (pa1, pa15, pa30, pa45, pa60 and pa75 diets) for 8 weeks. the results indicated that compared with pa deficiency (pa1 diet) and excess (pa75 diet) groups, optimal pa suppleme ... | 2015 | 25957886 |
| effects of glucose, insulin and triiodothyroxine on leptin and leptin receptor expression and the effects of leptin on activities of enzymes related to glucose metabolism in grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) hepatocytes. | leptin is an important regulator of appetite and energy expenditure in mammals, but its role in fish metabolism control is poorly understood. our previous studies demonstrated that leptin has an effect on the regulation of food intake and energy expenditure as well as lipid metabolism (stimulation of lipolysis and inhibition of adipogenesis) in the grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella. to further investigate the role of leptin in fish, the effects of glucose, insulin and triiodothyroxine (t3) on t ... | 2015 | 25952973 |
| biochemical and physical changes of grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) fillets stored at -3 and 0 °c. | the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of superchilling at -3 °c compared with ice storage at 0 °c on the biochemical and physical properties of grass carp fillets. fillets stored at -3 °c showed significant changes in whiteness, drip loss and textural hardness, while changes in ph, total volatile basic nitrogen and tca-soluble peptides were slowed down. partial denaturation of myosin as demonstrated by differential scanning calorimetry differed between fillets stored at -3 an ... | 2013 | 23578621 |
| mitochondrial dna sequence of the hybrid of squaliobarbus curriculus (♀) × ctenopharyngodon idella (♂). | in this work, we reported the complete mitochondrial dna sequence of the hybrid of squaliobarbus curriculus (♀) × ctenopharyngodon idella (♂), which was obtained by artificial hybridization. the total length of the mitochondrial genome is 16,616 bp, with the base composition of 31.15% a, 25.02% t, 27.66% c, and 16.17% g. it contains 2 ribosomal rna genes, 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer rna genes, and a major non-coding control region (d-loop region). the arrangement of these genes is the s ... | 2013 | 23350634 |
| the complete mitochondrial genome of the hybrid of ctenopharyngodon idella (♀) × squaliobarbus curriculus (♂). | the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of the hybrid of ctenopharyngodon idella (♀) × squaliobarbus curriculus (♂) was determined using pcr-based method. the total length of the mitogenome is 16,609 bp. it contains the typical structure as that of most other vertebrates, including 2 ribosomal rna genes, 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer rna genes, and 1 non-coding control region (d-loop region). the overall composition of the mitogenome was estimated to be 31.86% for a, 26.08% for t, 26.3 ... | 2013 | 23350616 |
| study on effect of salinity level of water on electrocardiogram and some of blood serum minerals in grass carp, ctenopharyngodon idella. | in this study the effects of salinity on the electrocardiogram and some of blood serum minerals in grass carp were investigated. for this purpose, grass carp were exposed to concentrations of 4, 8 and 12 g l(-1) salinities and electrocardiogram of all fish was recorded. blood samples were also collected from all fish and serum minerals were measured. our results indicated that mineral level in the studied groups was significantly different. the average of heart rate per minute in control group a ... | 2013 | 25593686 |
| novel chlamydiales associated with epitheliocystis in grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella). | | 2013 | 23249776 |
| two hmgb1 genes from grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella mediate immune responses to viral/bacterial pamps and gcrv challenge. | high mobility group box 1 (hmgb1) is a nuclear weapon in the immune arsenal and a master regulator of innate immunity, at the crossroads between innate and adaptive immunity. to clarify the immune characterizations of hmgb1 in fishes, two co-orthologs of hmgb1 (cihmgb1a and cihmgb1b) were identified in grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella by local est database searching and race techniques. mrna expressions of the two hmgb1 genes are widespread in fifteen tissues investigated. the transcripts of c ... | 2013 | 23228458 |
| characterization of oligopeptide transporter (pept1) in grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella). | the oligopeptide transporter (pept1) is located on the brush-border membrane of the intestinal epithelium, and plays an important role in dipeptide and tripeptide absorptions from protein digestion. in this study, we cloned the pept1 cdna from grass carp and characterized its expression profile in response to dietary protein and feed additives (sodium butyrate) treatments. the pept1 gene encodes a protein of 714 amino acids with high sequence similarity with other vertebrate homologues. expressi ... | 2013 | 23219926 |
| predictable effects of dietary lipid sources on the fatty acids compositions of four 1-year-old wild freshwater fish from poyang lake. | the descriptors linking dietary and fish fatty acids (fas) compositions in four 1-year-old wild freshwater fish, mylopharyngodon piceus, ctenopharyngodon idella, hypophthalmichthys molitrix, and hypophthalmichthys nobilis, from poyang lake were studied. m. piceus mainly feeding on crustaceans had the highest relation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (pufas; r = 0.812) and odd-branched chain fatty acids (obcfas; r = 0.742) with spiral shells. correlations between c. idella (herbivore) and aquatic p ... | 2013 | 23181835 |
| acute toxicity of nuvan, an organophosphate to freshwater fish ctenopharyngodon idella and its effect on oxygen consumption. | the acute toxicity of nuvan to the grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella was determined using static and continuous flow through system for 24, 48, 72 and 96 hr. the median lethal concentration (lc50) values were 13.1, 10.9, 9.8 and 6.5 mg l(-1) respectively in static system and 10.7, 9.5, 8.0 and 7.5 mg l(-1) respectively in continuous flow through system. a reduction in oxygen consumption is observed when the fish is exposed to the toxicant and the mortality is due to effect of metabolism of ener ... | 2009 | 20329401 |
| a consensus linkage map of the grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) based on microsatellites and snps. | grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) belongs to the family cyprinidae which includes more than 2000 fish species. it is one of the most important freshwater food fish species in world aquaculture. a linkage map is an essential framework for mapping traits of interest and is often the first step towards understanding genome evolution. the aim of this study is to construct a first generation genetic map of grass carp using microsatellites and snps to generate a new resource for mapping qtl for eco ... | 2010 | 20181260 |
| fatal poisoning from eating carp (ctenopharyngodon idella). | | 2010 | 20089035 |
| induction of diploid gynogenesis in wels catfish (silurus glanis) using uv-irradiated grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) sperm. | this article describes the first successful induction of meiotic gynogenesis in wels catfish (silurus glanis) using heterologous sperm of grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) with dna inactivated by means of uv-irradiation at 4800 j/m(2). the cold shock at 6 degrees c (duration of 20 min) started in the nineth minute after fertilization was found as efficient in retaining the second polar body and producing meiotic diploids. successful induction of meiotic gynogenesis was confirmed by the micros ... | 2010 | 19722222 |
| twenty-five polymorphic microsatellite markers from grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella). | | 2009 | 19531113 |
| a novel male-specific dna sequence in the common carp, cyprinus carpio. | in this study, we identified a sex-specific dna marker using randomly amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) fingerprinting in yellow river carps (cyprinus carpio from the yellow river). two hundred and twenty random primers were used in pooled dna samples and individual dna samples from male and female fish for rapd fingerprinting. when using the primer s2107, a novel sex-specific pcr product was identified in all male individuals. dna sequencing revealed that this 909 bp long dna fragment has a low ... | 2009 | 19401231 |
| molecular cloning and polymorphism of the major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class iib gene of grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella). | | 2013 | 23114719 |
| purification and characterization of parvalbumin isotypes from grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella). | the prevalence of fish allergy is rapidly increasing because of a growing fish consumption driven mainly by a positive image of the fish and health relationship. the purpose of this study was to characterize parvalbumin isotypes from grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella), one of the most frequently consumed freshwater fish in china. three parvalbumin isotypes were purified using consecutive gel filtration and reverse-phase chromatography and denoted as pvi, pvii, and pviii. the molecular weights ... | 2014 | 24866418 |
| rna-seq profiles from grass carp tissues after reovirus (gcrv) infection based on singular and modular enrichment analyses. | hemorrhagic disease of the grass carp, ctenopharyngodon idella, is a fatal disease in fingerlings and yearlings caused by a reovirus, gcrv. rna-seq data from four diseased grass carp tissues (gill, intestine, liver and spleen) were obtained at 2h before and six times after (2h, 24h, 48h, 72h, 96h and 120h) gcrv challenge. a total of 7.25±0.18 million (m) clean reads and 3.53±0.37m unique reads were obtained per rna-seq analysis. compared with controls, there were 9060 unique differentially expre ... | 2014 | 24865419 |
| [effects of surgically implanted dummy ultrasonic transmitters on grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella]. | in order to study the effects of surgically implanted dummy ultrasonic transmitters on grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella, two experiments were conducted from october 2010 to december 2010 and november 2010 to october 2011. the results showed that surgical implantation of dummy ultrasonic transmitters had a significant negative influence on the growth of grass carp within 30 days following the surgery. however, the negative influence after 30 days faded away. one and two fish died during the 60- ... | 2014 | 24830260 |
| effects of salt concentration on biogenic amine formation and quality changes in grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idellus) fillets stored at 4 and 20 °c. | the effects of different salt concentrations on the quality changes of grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) fillets were evaluated in terms of biogenic amines, adenosine triphosphate and its related compounds, sensory attributes, total volatile basic nitrogen (tvb-n), and total viable counts during 4 and 20 °c storage. grass carp fillets were brined in solutions of 2% nacl (t1) and 10% nacl (t2), and unsalted carp fillets were used as controls (ck). t1 and t2 showed higher sensory scores than ck ... | 2014 | 24780335 |
| physiological responses to short-term fasting among herbivorous, omnivorous, and carnivorous fishes. | we explored the integrated role of dietary specialization and feeding periodicity on the response of the gastrointestinal tract of teleosts fishes to short-term (7-10 days) fasting and refeeding. fasted and fed herbivorous grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella), omnivorous channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus), and carnivorous largemouth bass (micropterus salmoides) were compared for digestive organ masses, intestinal morphology, gastrointestinal ph, and the specific activities and total intestina ... | 2014 | 24604291 |
| convergence in morphology and masticatory function between the pharyngeal jaws of grass carp, ctenopharyngodon idella, and oral jaws of amniote herbivores. | the cellulose-rich walls that protect plant cells are difficult to digest, and therefore mechanical food processing is a key aspect of herbivory across vertebrates. cell walls are typically broken down by translation of flattened teeth in the occlusal plane (i.e. grinding) as part of a complex, rhythmic chewing stroke. the grass carp, ctenopharyngodon idella, is a voracious, invasive herbivorous fish that relies solely on its pharyngeal teeth, located in the back of the throat, for mechanical pr ... | 2014 | 24577451 |
| molecular cloning, characterization and expression of cathepsin d from grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella). | cathepsin d is a lysosomal aspartic proteinase which participates in various degradation functions within the cell. in this current study, we cloned and characterized the complete cdna of grass carp cathepsin d through 5'- and 3'-race. the cathepsin d contained a 56 bp 5' terminal untranslated region (5'-utr), a 1197 bp open reading frame encoding 398 amino acids, and a 394 bp 3'-utr. grass carp cathepsin d shared high similarity with those from other species, and showed the highest amino acid i ... | 2012 | 23009921 |
| determination of reference micrornas for relative quantification in grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella). | relative quantification is the strategy of choice for processing real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-qpcr) data in microrna (mirna) expression studies. normalization of relative quantification data is performed by comparison to reference genes. in teleost species, such as grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella), the determination of reference mirnas and the optimal numbers of these that should be used has not been widely studied. in the present study, the stab ... | 2014 | 24368222 |
| triploid grass carp susceptibility and potential for disease transfer when used to control aquatic vegetation in reservoirs with avian vacuolar myelinopathy. | avian vacuolar myelinopathy (avm) is an often-lethal neurologic disease that affects waterbirds and their avian predators (i.e., bald eagles haliaeetus leucocephalus) in the southern united states. feeding trials and field surveys provided evidence that avm is caused by a toxin-producing, undescribed cyanobacterium (ucb), which grows as an epiphyte on the leaves of submerged aquatic vegetation (sav). reservoirs with documented avm epornitics support dense growth of nonnative sav. waterbirds inge ... | 2013 | 24341766 |
| direct and trophic contamination of the herbivorous carp ctenopharyngodon idella by inorganic mercury and methylmercury. | a comparative analysis of inorganic mercury (hg(ii)) and methylmercury (mmhg) bioaccumulation by the herbivorous fish ctenopharyngodon idella, via the direct and "direct+trophic" routes, was investigated experimentally. the direct contamination was based on fairly low exposure conditions (hg(ii), 300 ng small middle dotl(-1); mmhg, 30 ng small middle dotl(-1)), for 15 and 30 days. the trophic uptake was based on ingestion of macrophyte leaves (elodea densa), previously exposed for 87 days to sim ... | 2001 | 11534952 |
| molecular cloning of full-length cdna encoding delta-9 desaturase through pcr strategies and its genomic organization and expression in grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella). | desaturases are enzymes that catalyze double bond formation in fatty acids, which is a critical step in the synthesis of unsaturated fatty acids in organisms. desaturase cdna has been cloned from various species. here we report the cloning of a full-length cdna of delta(9)-desaturase from grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella), using a combination of pcr techniques: reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and rapid amplification of cdna ends (race). the resolved cdna encompasses 2 ... | 2001 | 11170264 |
| effects of sublethal doses of fenvalerate (a synthetic pyrethroid) administered continuously for four weeks on the blood, liver, and muscles of a freshwater fish, ctenopharyngodon idella. | | 1996 | 8672077 |
| qualitative and quantitative strategies of thermal adaptation of grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) cytoplasmic malate dehydrogenases. | malate dehydrogenase isozymes of grass carp,ctenopharyngodon idella, were identified by mitochondrial preparation and thermal denaturation. the structural and kinetic characteristics of chromatographically separated thermostable and thermolabile cmdhs were different in (1) half-life at 42°c, 10 min and 24 h, respectively, (2) optimal substrate, oxaloacetate and malate, concentrations, and (3) the apparent michaelis-menten constants of nadh and oxaloacetate.total mdh activity in white muscle of 1 ... | 1996 | 24193991 |
| contamination of metals in tissues of ctenopharyngodon idella and perca fluviatilis, from anzali wetland, iran. | the objective of the present study was to investigate the levels of metals (cd, cu, zn, pb and cr) in muscle, gill, liver, kidney and intestine of two freshwater fish, ctenopharyngodon idella and perca fluviatilis, in anzali wetland, iran. the concentrations were different between the fish species as well as among the tissues of fish. results showed that the metal concentrations in both fish species were in descending order of zn > cu > pb > cr > cd. results also showed that the cd, cu, zn, and ... | 2012 | 22918320 |
| functional characterizations of rig-i to gcrv and viral/bacterial pamps in grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella. | rig-i (retinoic acid inducible gene-i) is one of the key cytosolic pattern recognition receptors (prrs) for detecting nucleotide pathogen associated molecular patterns (pamps) and mediating the induction of type i interferon and inflammatory cytokines in innate immune response. though the mechanism is well characterized in mammals, the study of the accurate function of rig-i in teleosts is still in its infancy. | 2012 | 22860079 |
| microsatellite genetic diversity and differentiation of native and introduced grass carp populations in three continents. | grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella), a freshwater species native to china, has been introduced to about 100 countries/regions and poses both biological and environmental challenges to the receiving ecosystems. in this study, we analyzed genetic variation in grass carp from three introduced river systems (mississippi river basin in us, danube river in hungary, and tone river in japan) as well as its native ranges (yangtze, pearl, and amur rivers) in china using 21 novel microsatellite loci. the ... | 2012 | 22740170 |
| effect of detergent on the response to temperature and growth of grass carp, ctenopharyngodon idella. | | 1993 | 8387840 |
| acute renal failure due to ingestion of the gallbladder of grass carp: report of 3 cases with review of literature. | gallbladder toxin of the grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) is a less well-known cause of acute renal failure. three cases are reported and the diagnosis is primarily clinical. all our patients presented initially with gastrointestinal upset including nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal fullness. these symptoms usually occurred with 10 min to 18 h after the ingestion the raw gallbladder of the grass carp. all our cases developed acute renal failure and in two of them toxic hepatitises we ... | 1993 | 8290711 |
| [the seasonal dynamics of the celozoic stages of chloromyxum barbi (myxosporidia) in hypophthalmichthys molitrix (osteichthyes)]. | the seasonal dynamics of c. barbi of two consecutive generations of one-summer old silver carps (hypophthalmichthys molitrix) from a winter basin was investigated. one maximum of intensity in spring (80 to 100%) and one minimum in summer to early autumn (20% to 0) shows a course of incidence with a pattern of a one-year-cycle of the patent (celozoic) infection in both silver carp populations. c. barbi was also observed in grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) and bighead carp (aristichthys nobili ... | 1991 | 2039088 |
| weedivorous fishes for the control of vectors of malayan filariasis. | an attempt was made to assess the efficacy of phytophagous fishes viz., ctenopharyngodon idella, the chinese grass carp and osphronemus goramy, the giant gourami in the control of mansonioides mosquitoes by checking the growth of aquatic weeds which support their breeding. when c. idella and o. goramy were used in monoculture 80.21 and 81.25 per cent of the ponds were kept free from weeds. with polyculture using grass carp in combination with other varieties of carps, only 70.10 per cent of the ... | 1990 | 2269511 |
| the beta-actin gene of carp (ctenopharyngodon idella). | | 1989 | 2762162 |
| piscicidal plants of nepal: preliminary toxicity screening using grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) fingerlings. | a survey of traditional fishermen in chitwan district of nepal identified the native names of 97 species of plants believed to possess piscicidal properties. ninety-two were collected and identified. eighty-two of these were tested for toxicity using grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) fingerlings (2-3 cm total length) as test organisms. thirty-six species that killed the fingerlings within 2 h at 1% (w/v) extract concentration or less were categorized as poisonous. forty-six species did not ki ... | 2006 | 3695553 |
| chemical control of some protozoan ectoparasites on young stages of the grass carp, ctenopharyngodon idella val. | | 1986 | 3097171 |
| monooxygenase activity of fish liver in biomonitoring aquatic environment. | the hepatic biotransformation activity of four cultivated freshwater fish, amur carp (ctenopharyngodon idella), carp (cyprinus carpio), rainbow trout (salmo gairdneri) and tench (tinca tinca) were studied one day after catching the fish from ponds and a river in the south of gdr and in fish kept for two weeks in clean filtrated and deacidified water. aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase, 7-ethoxycoumarin o-deethylase and 7-ethoxyresorufin o-deethylase activities fell to about 20% during the stay in clea ... | 1986 | 3492989 |
| [cataract due to worms (eye diplostomatosis) in the grassfish (ctenopharyngodon idella)]. | | 1983 | 6857640 |
| molecular characterization and transcription regulation analysis of type i ifn gene in grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella). | type i interferons and interferon regulatory factor 7 (irf7), which are crucial for innate immunity against viral infection, have been identified in many teleost fishes in recent years. in this study, the complete genomic sequence of grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) type i interferon (termed ciifn) (gu139255) and the full-length irf7 cdna sequence of grass carp (termed ciirf7) (gq141741) were cloned and characterized. ciifn consists of 3368 bp, retaining the characteristic 5-exon/4-intron ge ... | 2012 | 22579963 |
| a one-step molecular biology method for simple and rapid detection of grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella reovirus (gcrv) hz08 strain. | six reverse-transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (rt-lamp) primers designed against conserved regions of segment 6 (s6) gene were used for the detection of grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella reovirus (gcrv) hz08 subtype. the entire amplification could be completed within 40 min at 62·3° c. the rt-lamp showed higher sensitivity than reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). the rna detection limit was 10 copies µl⁻¹ for rt-lamp assay and 100 copies µl⁻¹ for convent ... | 2013 | 23639153 |
| [occurrence of bothriocephalosis in grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) in switzerland]. | | 1981 | 7221537 |
| histomorphological and histochemical researches on the digestive tract of the freshwater grass carp, ctenopharyngodon idella (cypriniformes). | ctenopharyngodon idella does not have a stomach, as is shown by the absence of gastric glands. the intestine is a simple coiled tube about twice the length of the body, having no valves and no ceca, and it is joined directly to the esophagus. the mucosa is fairly uniform in appearance, being thrown into folds which give it a mesh-like appearance. no multicellular glands can be detected in any part of the alimentary canal. goblet cells are present: no differences are found in young specimens. muc ... | 1979 | 474989 |
| the ultrastructure and renewal of the intestinal epithelium of the juvenile grasscarp, ctenopharyngodon idella (val.). | the intestinal absorptive epithelium of starved and fed fish has been studied electron microscopically. after feeding, cells of the proximal segment of the intestine show morphological characteristics of lipid absorption. absorptive cells in the middle segment contain many pinocytotic vesicles in both fasted and fed specimens. absorption of protein macromolecules is supposed to be one of the main functions of this part of the gut. in the most caudal part of the intestine, absorptive cells carry ... | 1978 | 630592 |
| isozymes in androgenetic and gynogenetic white amur, gynogenetic carp, and carp-amur hybrids. | gynogentic and androgenetic progeny appeared in crosses between white amur, ctenopharyngodon idella, and carp, cyprinus carpio. hemoglobin, plasma general proteins, and plasma isoenzymes were studied by electrophoresis to determine inheritance patterns. electrophoretic bands indicated that gynogenetic white amur had no paternal inheritance from carp and that adrogenetic white amur also were pure white amur. gynogeneiss in carp was confirmed by the absence of paternal inheritance. hemoglobins, ge ... | 2006 | 939912 |
| [triploidy in hybrids of carp with other representatives of the cyprinidae family]. | as a result of remote hybridization of carp (cyprinus carpio l.) with the representatives of certain other subfamilies of cyprinidae a few viable f1 hybrids were obtained for the first time. these hybrids proved to be allotriploids. in the cross cyprinus carpio l. female x hemiculter eigenmanni (jord. et metz.) male the rate of survival of this year's brood was 0,5% of the fertilized eggs and 3n=128; whereas in the cross cyprinus carpio l. male x ctenopharyngodon idella (val.) female the rate of ... | 1975 | 1218729 |
| a rhabdovirus isolated from grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella val.). | | 1975 | 1147780 |
| efficiency of grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella val.) in controlling submerged water weeds. | | 1970 | 16057556 |
| [a case of cryptobia (trypanoplasma) infection in the blood of ctenopharyngodon idella val. bred in the carp farm ponds]. | | 1967 | 5625436 |
| molecular cloning, characterization and expression analysis of b cell translocation gene 1 in grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella. | an expressed sequence tag (est) of b cell translocation gene (btg) 1 (gcbtg1) was obtained from a grass carp ctenopharyngodon idellus intestinal complementary (c)dna library and the full-length cdna sequence was acquired by rapid amplification of cdna ends (race) technology. the predicted gcbtg1 protein contains the box a and box b motifs which characterized the btg and transducer of erbb2 (tob) family. multiple alignment analysis reveals that gcbtg1 shares an overall identity of 65-94% with gcb ... | 2012 | 22380560 |
| identification, organ expression and ligand-dependent expression levels of peroxisome proliferator activated receptors in grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella). | the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (ppars) are ligand-dependent transcription factors belonging to the nuclear receptor family, and can regulate various genes involved in lipid metabolism. the aim of the present study was to investigate the tissue distribution patterns of ppars and their ligand specificities in grass carp. we cloned three ppar isotypes of the species and evaluated their organ distribution patterns using real-time pcr. through analyzing the deduced amino acid sequenc ... | 2012 | 22079418 |
| molecular characterization and tissue-specific expression of the acetyl-coa carboxylase α gene from grass carp, ctenopharyngodon idella. | acetyl-coa carboxylase α (acc1), the major regulatory enzyme of fatty acid biosynthesis, catalyzes the conversion of acetyl-coa to malonyl-coa. the full-length cdna coding acc1 isoform was cloned from liver of grass carp. the cdna obtained was 7515bp with a 7173bp open reading frame encoding 2389 amino acids. the acc1 protein has a calculated molecular weight of 269.2kda and isoelectric point of 6.23. tissue distribution of acc1 mrna in brain, mesenteric adipose, spleen, white muscle and liver o ... | 2011 | 21839155 |
| spinal deformity in triploid grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella (valenciennes). | from mid-2004 to mid-2005, several grass carp, ctenophayngodon idella (valenciennes), showing evidence of spinal deformity were presented to the aquatic animal health program, cornell university. the carp were from three separate locations in new york state. the first case involved several fish from a natural body of water in the catskill mountain region of south-eastern new york state. the second was a single affected individual from a private pond in the fingerlakes region of central new york ... | 2011 | 21306588 |
| screening and identification of male-specific dna fragments in common carps cyprinus carpio using suppression subtractive hybridization. | in this study, a sex subtractive genomic dna library was constructed using suppression subtractive hybridization (ssh) between male and female cyprinus carpio. twenty-two clones with distinguishable hybridization signals were selected and sequenced. the specific primers were designed based on the sequence data. those primers were then used to amplify the sex-specific fragments from the genomic dna of male and female carp. the amplified fragments from two clones showed specificity to males but no ... | 2010 | 20646164 |
| ig heavy chain genes and their locus in grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella. | the cdna and genomic sequences of igd and igz were characterized in grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella in the present study, and with the identification of a bac clone covering zeta, mu, and delta genes, the igh locus containing these ig genes and other v, d, j genes was also illustrated in this fish. secretory and membrane-bound igz were identified, with two transmembrane exons spliced within the ch4 exon, as reported in igm of mammals and igz in other teleost fish. the first and second constan ... | 2010 | 20558301 |
| identification of a vasa homologue gene in grass carp and its expression pattern in tissues and during embryogenesis. | the rna helicase vasa is a member of the dead box protein family that plays an indispensable role in germ cell determination in eukaryotes such as in drosophila and xenopus species. in this study, the grass carp homologue of the drosophila vasa gene, civasa (ctenopharyngodon idella vasa) was obtained using degenerate primers in rt-pcr and 5' and 3' rapid amplification of cdna end polymerase chain reaction from the grass carp ovary smart cdna. this cdna sequence encodes a 670 amino acid residue p ... | 2010 | 20471489 |
| identification of immune-relevant genes by expressed sequence tag analysis of head kidney from grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella). | grass carp is the third largest aquaculture species in global production. however, genomic research of this species has been limited. to identify immune-related genes in grass carp, a normalized full-length cdna library was constructed from head kidney tissues, and 6432 randomly selected clones were sequenced. 5289 high quality expressed sequence tags (est) were generated and assembled into 2687 unigenes. among them, 1585 unigenes showed significant similarity with known sequences in public data ... | 2010 | 20403773 |
| myosin heavy chain genes expressed in juvenile and adult silver carp hypopthalmichthys molitrix: novel fast-type myosin heavy chain genes of silver carp. | silver carp hypopthalmichthys molitrix is eurythermal temperate fish, whose muscle is considered to express several types of myosin heavy chain (myh) genes at different stages of its growth and to adjust to the environmental temperature. in this study, myh genes expressed in the muscles of juvenile and adult silver carp were investigated. five types of myh cdna clone were isolated from silver carp (h. molitrix) by race strategy using a set of fast-type myh specific primers, and termed scmyh(f1), ... | 2009 | 19100315 |
| molecular cloning, characterization and expression of fsh and lh beta subunits from grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella). | follicle-stimulating hormone beta subunit (fshbeta) and luteinizing hormone beta subunit (lhbeta) have been cloned and characterized from the pituitary of grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella). the full length of fshbeta and lhbeta cdna was 393 bp and 441 bp, with open reading frame encoding proteins of 130 and 146 amino acids, respectively. phylogenetic analysis of the proteins of fshbeta and lhbeta showed a high homology with other fishes. homology analysis also indicated that lhbeta has higher ... | 2010 | 18777101 |
| complete mitochondrial genome of the grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella, teleostei): insight into its phylogenic position within cyprinidae. | genome comparison has shed light on many fields of both basic and applied research, including the study of species phylogeny. grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) belongs to cyprinidae, the largest freshwater fish family; but which subfamily it belongs to remains a controversial issue. in this study, the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) sequence of grass carp was determined and phylogenetic analyses of all mitochondrial protein-coding genes and a nuclear gene (rag 2) were conducted to ... | 2008 | 18706492 |
| detection of cutaneous antibodies in excised skin explants from grass carp, ctenopharyngodon idella (valenciennes), immune to scophthalmus maximus rhabdovirus. | this study determined whether cutaneous antibodies were present in excised skin explants of grass carp, ctenopharyngodon idella, immune to scophthalmus maximus rhabdovirus (smrv). culture fluid from immune skin explants were assayed by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ielisa), western blot, indirect immunofluorescent assay (ifa) and flow cytometry (fcm). ielisa showed that cutaneous antibody titres were much lower (1:12) than antiserum titres (1:1458) from intraperitoneally immunized ... | 2008 | 18482386 |
| cdna cloning and characterization of temperature-acclimation-associated light meromyosins from grass carp fast skeletal muscle. | the three types of cdna clones, previously defined as the 10 degrees c, intermediate and 30 degrees c-types [tao, y., kobayashi, m., liang, c.s., okamoto, t., watabe, s., 2004. temperature-dependent expression patterns of grass carp fast skeletal myosin heavy chain genes. comp. biochem. physiol. b 139, 649-656], were determined for their 5'-regions which encoded at least the c-terminal half of myosin rod, light meromyosin (lmm), in fast skeletal muscles of grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella. the ... | 2008 | 18055241 |
| genetic diversity and population structure inferred from the partially duplicated genome of domesticated carp, cyprinus carpio l. | genetic relationships among eight populations of domesticated carp (cyprinus carpio l.), a species with a partially duplicated genome, were studied using 12 microsatellites and 505 aflp bands. the populations included three aquacultured carp strains and five ornamental carp (koi) variants. grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) was used as an outgroup. aflp-based gene diversity varied from 5% (grass carp) to 32% (koi) and reflected the reasonably well understood histories and breeding practices of ... | 2016 | 17433244 |
| biochemical hepatic alterations and body lipid composition in the herbivorous grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) fed high-fat diets. | high-fat diets may have favourable effects on growth of some carnivorous fish because of the protein-sparing effect of lipids, but high-fat diets also exert some negative impacts on flesh quality. the goal of the study was therefore to determine the effects of fat-enriched diets in juvenile grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) as a typical herbivorous fish on growth and possible lipid metabolism alterations. three isonitrogenous diets containing 2, 6 or 10 % of a mixture of lard, maize oil and f ... | 2006 | 16611380 |
| chemical defenses promote persistence of the aquatic plant micranthemum umbrosum. | five of the most common macrophytes from an aquaculture facility with high densities of the herbivorous asian grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) were commonly unpalatable to three generalist consumers-grass carp and the native north american crayfishes procambarus spiculifer and p. acutus. the rooted vascular plant micranthemum umbrosum comprised 89% of the total aboveground plant biomass and was unpalatable to all three consumers as fresh tissues, as homogenized pellets, and as crude extracts ... | 2006 | 16586032 |
| temperature effects along the reproductive axis during spawning induction of grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella). | for grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) raised in the ivory coast (with water temperatures of 26-31 degrees c), induced spawning is obligatory for fry production. however, ovulation rates following hormonal treatment are often low. we hypothesized that high temperatures are an inhibiting factor for the reproductive axis (brain-pituitary-gonad) in these conditions. by in vivo and in vitro experiments, we tried to determine the thermosensitive steps during spawning induction. we compared gonadotr ... | 2004 | 15028520 |
| polymorphism in ornamental and common carp strains (cyprinus carpio l.) as revealed by aflp analysis and a new set of microsatellite markers. | forty-seven new microsatellite markers were generated and applied, together with the aflp (amplified fragment length polymorphism) technique using two different enzyme combinations, to the genetic analysis of two carp species, cyprinus carpio l. and ctenopharyngodon idella. the extent of polymorphism and the genetic relationships between nine carp populations were studied. the incidence of microsatellites containing ca and ct motifs was estimated to be one every 17.4 and one every 126.3 kb, resp ... | 2001 | 11713665 |
| comparisons of heavy metal concentration of grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella cuv. et val.) in a shallow eutrophic lake and a fish pond (possible effects of food contamination). | nickel, cu, zn, cd, pb and hg concentrations were determined in gills, liver, kidney, muscle and gut of grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella cuv. et val.) collected from lake balaton (hungary) and from a fish pond of a fish farm nearby. the body weight normalised heavy metal concentrations in different organs/tissues were compared and ordered for both lake balaton and the fish farm. metal concentrations, in most cases were highest in kidney or in liver, and lowest in muscle or in gut. nickel conc ... | 1996 | 8867148 |
| establishment and evaluation of a new model for studying lipogenesis in grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) preadipocytes. | the objective of this study was to establish and evaluate a new model for studying lipogenesis in grass carp preadipocytes. the morphology characteristic from preadipocytes to mature adipocytes was observed with the microscopic morphology, and the proliferation kinetics of cells was tested by cell counting. in addition, the nature and differentiation degree of cells were evaluated using oil red o staining, lipase activity determination, and reverse transcription pcr (rt-pcr) assay. morphological ... | 2012 | 22179677 |
| essential fatty acid requirements in carp. | till date, many workers have demonstrated the nutritive value of dietary lipids and the qualitative and quantitative requirements for essential fatty acid (efa) in many cultivable fish. from the data accrued, a categorization can be made for the efa requirement as follows: type i (require n-6 fatty acids), type ii (require both n-6 and n-3 fatty acids) and type iii (require n-3 fatty acids). common carp cyprinus carpio and grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella are codified as type ii fish based on ... | 1996 | 8766970 |
| effect of nitrite on the survival of grass carp, ctenopharyngodon idella (val.), with relation to chloride. | | 1994 | 8130420 |
| changes in chromatin basic proteins during male gametogenesis of grass carp. | 1. the composition of basic of chromatin protein fractions has been studied in the course of male spermatogenesis of grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella). 2. electrophoretic mobility of h1, h2b and h2a histones of grass carp is shown to differ from that of corresponding fraction of calf thymus histones. 3. comparison of chromatin protein fractions from liver, mature and immature testis and sperm of grass carp has revealed subtle tissue specificity of h2b and h2a histones. 4. maturation of sperma ... | 1983 | 6187516 |
| hematologic and enzymatic analysis of ctenopharyngodon idella x hypophthalmichthys nobilis f1 hybrids. | 1. erythrocyte counts, hemoglobin concentrations and hematocrit values were determined for diploid and triploid ctenopharyngodon idella x hypophthalmichthys nobilis hybrids and the parental species. 2. comparisons of diploid and triploid hybrids with the parental species revealed low erythrocyte counts for triploids, high mean corpuscular hemoglobin values for triploids, elevated hematocrits for diploids and triploids and similar hemoglobin concentrations for all fish. 3. alkaline phosphatase, a ... | 1983 | 6132739 |