| expression and functional characterization of pgrp6 splice variants in grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella. | peptidoglycan recognition proteins (pgrps), which are evolutionarily conserved pattern recognition receptors from insects to mammals, recognize bacterial pgn and function in antibacterial innate immunity. the existence of alternative splicing is a common feature for pgrp family. here the splicing pattern from the splicing at the 5' end of pgrp6 gene was identified in a teleost fish, the grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella). four splice variants of grass carp pgrp6 were designated as gcpgrp6a, gc ... | 2014 | 25149135 |
| molecular cloning and functional characterization of peptidoglycan recognition protein 6 in grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella. | peptidoglycan recognition proteins (pgrps) are pattern recognition molecules of innate immunity. in this study, a long-form pgrp, designated as gcpgrp6, was identified from grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella. the deduced amino acid sequence of gcpgrp6 is composed of 464 residues with a conserved pgrp domain at the c-terminus. the gcpgrp6 gene consists of four exons and three introns, spacing approximately 2.7 kb of genomic sequence. phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that gcpgrp6 is clustered cl ... | 2014 | 24099967 |
| matrix metalloproteinase 2 of grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella (cimmp2) is involved in the immune response against bacterial infection. | the gene encoding matrix metalloproteinase 2 (mmp2) was cloned from grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella), and its expression levels during aeromonas hydrophila infection and embryonic development stages were evaluated. the complete open reading frame of cimmp2 was 1974 bp in length, encoding a 658-amino acid polypeptide. the deduced mmp2 protein contained four conserved domain structures, including an n-terminal signal sequence, a propeptide domain, three repeats of fibronectin-type ii domain in ... | 2012 | 22626808 |
| interaction of irf9 and stat2 synergistically up-regulates ifn and pkr transcription in ctenopharyngodon idella. | irf9 is a key factor in the jak-stat pathway. under the stimulation of type i ifn, irf9 interacts with stat1 and stat2 to form the ifn-i-stimulated gene factor 3 (isgf3) which activates the transcription of isg. however, many studies also showed that the dimmer irf9/stat2 rather than the tripolymer irf9/stat1/stat2 acts as the isgf3 in cells in response to ifn signals. in the present study, the full-length cdna sequence of irf9 (termed ciirf9, kt601055) and stat2 (term cistat2, kt781914) from gr ... | 2017 | 28347954 |
| effects of dietary administration of shewanella xiamenensis a-1, aeromonas veronii a-7, and bacillus subtilis, single or combined, on the grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) intestinal microbiota. | gut microbiota of grass carp plays an important role in host. however, detailed information regarding the changes of microbiota after probiotics administration in relation to the gastrointestinal microbiota is absent. in the present study, dietary administration of putative probiotics shewanella xiamenensis a-1, aeromonas veronii a-7, and bacillus subtilisstrains was conducted in grass carp to investigate if there is a discernible alteration in intestinal microbiota and whether the alteration is ... | 2017 | 28321827 |
| protective immunity of grass carp induced by dna vaccine encoding capsid protein gene (vp7) of grass carp reovirus using bacterial ghost as delivery vehicles. | grass carp reovirus (gcrv) is one of the most pathogenic aquareovirus and can cause lethal hemorrhagic disease in grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella). however, management of gcrv infection remains a challenge. therefore, it is necessary to find effective means for the control of its infection. the uses of bacterial ghost (bg, non-living bacteria) as carriers for dna delivery have received considerable attentions in veterinary and human vaccines studies. nevertheless, there is still no report ab ... | 2017 | 28300681 |
| molecular cloning and prokaryotic expression of vp5 gene of grass carp reovirus strain gcrv096. | vp5 is an outer capsid protein of grass carp reovirus (gcrv). it is predicted to involve in helping gcrv enter the host cells. in this study, the full-length vp5 gene (accession number in genbank: jn206664.1) was cloned from gcrv strain gcrv096, which was isolated from diseased grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) in southern china by rt-pcr technique using the primers designed from the known vp5 gene sequences of other strains of gcrv published in genbank. the orf sequence of vp5 is composed of ... | 2013 | 23943413 |
| irf-1 acts as a positive regulator in the transcription of grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) ifn gene. | interferon regulatory factors (irfs) are well-known to be crucial for modulating the innate immune responses to viral infections. in the present study, the irf-1 gene of grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) (termed ciirf-1) was cloned and characterized. the complete genomic sequence of ciirf-1 was 3150 bp in length and comprised 9 exons and 8 introns. the ciirf-1 promoter sequence was 558 bp in length. the largest open reading frame (orf) of the full ciirf-1 cdna sequence was 870 bp, and encoded ... | 2013 | 23542606 |
| ctenopharyngodon idella irf2 and atf4 down-regulate the transcriptional level of prkra. | prkra (interferon-inducible double-stranded rna-dependent protein kinase activator a) is a protective protein which regulates the adaptation of cells to er stress and virus-stimulated signaling pathways by activating pkr. in the present study, a grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) prkra full-length cdna (named ciprkra, kt891991) was cloned and identified. the full-length cdna is comprised of a 5' utr (36 bp), a 3' utr (350 bp) and the longest orf (882 bp) encoding a polypeptide of 293 amino aci ... | 2017 | 28263879 |
| identification of grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) xbp1s as a primary member in er stress. | x-box binding protein 1 (xbp1), a vital basic leucine zipper transcription factor for the related gene transcription in endoplasmic reticulum (er) stress, belongs to the creb/atf family. in mammals, xbp1s is the activated one of xbp1 isoform. in order to study the role of fish xbp1s, we cloned and identified the xbp1s (ku509247) from grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) (named cixbp1s) by homologous cloning and race technique. the full length of cixbp1s is 1694 bp along with 124 bp of 5' utr, 41 ... | 2017 | 28215742 |
| grp78 from grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) provides cytoplasm protection against thermal and pb2+ stress. | glucose regulated protein (grp) located in endoplasmic reticulum (er) was a member of heat shock protein (hsp) family. the protective mechanism adapted to er stimuli was closely related to grp. grp78, known as bip, was one of central regulator responded to stress in er. grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) grp78 (cigrp78) was up-regulated in almost tissues, especially in liver, under heat shock (34 °c), cold stress (4 °c) or lead nitrate (0.25 mmol/l) stress. in order to understand the function ... | 2013 | 23274159 |
| tnf-α is involved in apoptosis triggered by grass carp reovirus infection in vitro. | grass carp reovirus (gcrv) infection causes apoptosis in ctenopharyngodon idella kidney cells (cik). however, the cause of gcrv-induced apoptosis and its signaling pathways remain unknown. this study investigated the role of tnf-α-induced capase-8 pathways in mediating gcrv-induced apoptosis in the grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella). recombinant tnf-α was expressed and purified from escherichia. coli. the western blot assay indicated that tnf-α expression level in kidney and spleen was higher ... | 2016 | 27346157 |
| functional characterization of tnf-α in grass carp head kidney leukocytes: induction and involvement in the regulation of nf-κb signaling. | tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-α) is a potent regulatory cytokine, which serves as a key mediator of inflammation, immunity and apoptosis in mammals. identification, expression and regulatory effects of tnf-α have been reported in various fish species, showing the structural and functional similarity or discrepancy between each other. in this study, tnf-α was identified from grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) and the deduced grass carp tnf-α (gctnf-α) protein possessed the tnf family signatu ... | 2012 | 22981915 |
| grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) atf6 (activating transcription factor 6) modulates the transcriptional level of grp78 and grp94 in cik cells. | atf transcription factors are stress proteins containing alkaline area-leucine zipper and play an important role in endoplasmic reticulum stress. atf6 is a protective protein which regulates the adaptation of cells to er stress by modulating the transcription of upr (unfolded protein response) target genes, including grp78 and grp94. in the present study, a grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) atf6 full-length cdna (named ciatf6, kt279356) has been cloned and identified. ciatf6 is 4176 bp in len ... | 2016 | 26988288 |
| fish irf3 up-regulates the transcriptional level of irf1, irf2, irf3 and irf7 in cik cells. | interferon regulatory factors (irfs) belong to a family of transcription factor involved in transcriptional regulation of type i ifn and ifn-stimulated genes (isg) in cells. in the present study, an irf3 full-length cdna (termed ciirf3, jx999055) and its promoter sequence were cloned by homology cloning strategy and genome walking from grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella). the full-length cdna sequence of ciirf3 is comprised of a 5'utr (195 bp), a 3'utr (269 bp) and a largest open reading frame ... | 2015 | 26545324 |
| cloning, identification of the two cytokine receptor family b subunits crfb1 and crfb5 from grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella). | similar to the mammalian counterparts, fish type i interferon (ifn) performs its potential biological activities via binding to the corresponding receptor on target cell membrane. fish type i ifn receptor, a kind of enzyme-linked receptor, consists of two subunits and belongs to the class ii cytokine receptor family b (crfb). in the present study, we cloned and identified two putative grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) type i interferon receptor subunits (termed cicrfb1 and cicrfb5) by homolog ... | 2015 | 25891274 |
| genome organization and transcriptional regulation of adenosine deaminase acting on rna gene 1 (adar1) in grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella). | adar1, involved in a-to-i rna editing, belongs to adenosine deaminase acting on rna (adar) family. a-to-i rna editing is the most widespread editing phenomenon in higher eukaryotes. in the present study, we cloned and identified the full-length cdna, complete genomic sequence and the promoter sequence of grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) adar1 (ciadar1) by homology cloning strategy and genome walking. ciadar1 full-length cdna is comprised of a 5'utr (43 bp), a 3'utr (229 bp) and a 4179 bp or ... | 2015 | 25681076 |
| overexpression of hsp90 from grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) increases thermal protection against heat stress. | with homologous dna probes, we had screened a grass carp heat shock protein 90 gene (cihsp90). the full sequence of cihsp90 cdna was 2793 bp, which could code a 798 amino acids peptide. the phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that cihsp90 shared the high homology with zebrafish grp94. quantitative rt-pcr analysis showed that cihsp90 was ubiquitously expressed at lower levels in all detected tissues and up-regulated after heat shock at 34 °c or cold stress at 4 °c. to understand the function of ci ... | 2012 | 22510210 |
| functional characterization of a short peptidoglycan recognition protein, pgrp5 in grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella. | peptidoglycan recognition proteins (pgrps), which are evolutionarily conserved from insects to mammals, recognize bacterial peptidoglycan (pgn) and function in antibacterial innate immunity. in this study, a short-form pgrp, designated as gcpgrp5 was identified from grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella. the deduced amino acid sequence of gcpgrp5 is composed of 180 residues with a conserved pgrp domain at the c-terminus. the gcpgrp5 gene consists of four exons and three introns, spacing approximate ... | 2013 | 23659995 |
| in vitro immunocompetence of two compounds isolated from polygala tenuifolia and development of resistance against grass carp reovirus (gcrv) and dactylogyrus intermedius in respective host. | the present study was undertaken to isolate some compounds from methanol extract of polygala tenuifolia and evaluate their immunostimulatory properties and antiviral activity using grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella kidney (cik) cells and gcrv. by applying insecticidal bioassay-guided, chromatography techniques and successive recrystallization, two purified compounds were obtained. the changes of expression of selected immune genes (mx1, il-1β, tnfα, myd88 and igm) in c. idella kidney cell lines ... | 2014 | 25450998 |
| ctenopharyngodon idella irf2 plays an antagonistic role to irf1 in transcriptional regulation of ifn and isg genes. | interferon regulatory factors (irfs) make up a family of transcription factors involved in transcriptional regulation of type i ifn and ifn-stimulated genes (isg) in cells. in the present study, an irf2 gene (termed ciirf2, jx628585) was cloned and characterized from grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella). the full-length cdna of ciirf2 is 1809 bp in length, with the largest open reading frame (orf) of 981 bp encoding a putative protein of 326 amino acids. ciirf2 contains a conserved dna-binding d ... | 2015 | 25463511 |
| ctenopharyngodon idella nf-κb subunit p65 modulates the transcription of iκbα in cik cells. | nf-κb is an important transcription factor for regulating the multiple inflammatory and immune related gene transcription. it can bind with the nuclear factor κb site within the promoter of target genes to regulate their transcriptions. p65, the all-important subunit of nf-κb, is ubiquitously expressed in cells. in the present study, we cloned and identified the p65 subunit from grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) (named cip65) by homologous cloning and race technique. the full length of cip65 ... | 2016 | 27142933 |
| promoter analysis and transcriptional regulation of a gig2 gene in grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella). | grass carp reovirus (gcrv)-induced gene 2 (gig2) is recognized as a new antiviral factor involved in response to viral infection. however, little is known about the mechanisms behind the transcriptional regulation of gig2 when infected by virus. in this study, the upstream promoter region of grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) gig2 gene (cigig2) was identified by homology cloning strategy. cigig2 promoter sequence was found to be 859 bp in length and contained three scattered ifn-stimulated res ... | 2015 | 25463285 |
| atf4 (activating transcription factor 4) from grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) modulates the transcription initiation of grp78 and grp94 in cik cells. | grp78 and grp94, belong to grp (glucose-regulated protein) family of endoplasmatic reticulum (er) chaperone superfamily, are essential for cell survival under er stress. atf4 is a protective protein which regulates the adaptation of cells to er stress by modulating the transcription of upr (unfolded protein response) target genes, including grp78 and grp94. to understand the molecular mechanism of atf4 modulates the transcription initiation of cigrp78 and cigrp94, we cloned atf4 orf cdna sequenc ... | 2014 | 24636856 |
| identification of tnf13b (baff) gene from grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) and its immune response to bacteria and virus. | the tnf superfamily b cell activating factor (baff) is a central cytokine in several diseases. a baff gene has been cloned from grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella), analyzed its structure, and investigated its expression pattern in various tissues after aeromonas hydrophila and aquareovirus infection. the open reading frame of grass carp baff (gcbaff) consists of 804 bases encoding 267 amino acids. phylogenetic analysis shows the gcbaff is most closely related to other teleost baffs with the hi ... | 2013 | 23352623 |
| effect of berberine hydrochloride on grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella serum bactericidal activity against edwardsiella ictaluri. | bactericidal activity of grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) serum was significantly enhanced when pre-treated with 15 mg l⁻¹ or 3 mg l⁻¹ of berberine hydrochloride, an effective component of several commonly used herbal medicines in aquaculture. the complement consumption experiment demonstrated that berberine hydrochloride can certainly activate fish complement system. the results of both experiments suggested that berberine hydrochloride could enhance the serum bactericidal activity in grass ... | 2012 | 22521421 |
| the effects of ficus carica polysaccharide on immune response and expression of some immune-related genes in grass carp, ctenopharyngodon idella. | the present study investigated the effect of ficus carica polysaccharide (fcp), isolated from the fruit of f. carica l., at 0%, 0.1%, 0.5% and 1.0% doses supplementation with feed on genes interleukin 1-β (il-1β), tumor necrosis factor α (tnf-α) and heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) gene expression in blood, humoral innate immune parameters and resistant to flavobacterium columnare of grass carp at weeks 1, 2 and 3. the results revealed that administration of fcp significantly (p<0.05) up regulated ... | 2015 | 25449378 |
| identification of immunogenic proteins of flavobacterium columnare by two-dimensional electrophoresis immunoblotting with antibacterial sera from grass carp, ctenopharyngodon idella (valenciennes). | flavobacterium columnare is a gram-negative bacterium causing columnaris disease of freshwater fish worldwide, and development of efficacious vaccines has been a continuous challenge in aquaculture. in this study, 14 proteins were identified from cellular components of f. columnare using an immunoblotting approach in two-dimensional electrophoresis map gels with antibacterial sera from grass carp, ctenopharyngodon idella (valenciennes), and then anti-grass carp-recombinant ig (rig) polyclonal an ... | 2012 | 22288818 |
| molecular cloning, characterization and expression analysis of coagulation factor vii gene in grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella). | coagulation factor vii has been studied in several species but, to date, not in grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella), a commercially important freshwater fish found in china. in this study, the full-length cdna of grass carp coagulation factor vii (gccfvii) was cloned using a race-ready cdna kit, grass carp were challenged with a hemorrhagic virus, and temporal expression profiles of gccfvii in the thymus, gills, liver, spleen, and head kidney were examined at 0 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, 96 h, and 13 ... | 2013 | 23727283 |
| inhibition of grass carp reovirus infection by dna aptamers against s10 protein. | grass carp reovirus (gcrv) is one of the most pathogenic agents among aquareovirus isolates and has the ability to cause a severe epidemic outbreak of hemorrhagic disease, thus resulting in both a high mortality rate during the culture of grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella and an enormous economic loss. aptamers have been demonstrated to have strong promising applications in antiviral drug development. in the present study, a complementary dna fragment encoding the s10 gene of gcrv was cloned. t ... | 2017 | 28379065 |
| mda5 induces a stronger interferon response than rig-i to gcrv infection through a mechanism involving the phosphorylation and dimerization of irf3 and irf7 in cik cells. | retinoic acid-inducible gene i (rig-i) and melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (mda5) are critical cytosolic sensors that trigger the production of interferons (ifns). though their recognition functions are well identified, their unique roles in the downstream signal transduction remain to be elucidated. herein, we report the differential effect between grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) mda5 (cimda5) and cirig-i on the production of various ifns upon grass carp reovirus (gcrv) infectio ... | 2017 | 28286505 |
| transcriptome data analysis of grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) infected by reovirus provides insights into two immune-related genes. | grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) was one of the economically important freshwater fish in china. however, hemorrhagic disease caused by grass carp reovirus (gcrv) results in a tremendous loss in the process of grass carp cultivation. transcriptome analysis could provide a comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in specific biological processes and diseases for the resistance to reovirus infection of grass carp. in this study, the raw data from ncbi (accession number: ... | 2017 | 28279792 |
| magnolol and honokiol from magnolia officinalis enhanced antiviral immune responses against grass carp reovirus in ctenopharyngodon idella kidney cells. | medicinal plants have been widely used for a long history. exploration of pharmacologically active compounds from medicinal plants present a broad prevalent of application. by examining viral mrna expression in gcrv-infected ctenopharyngodon idella kidney (cik) cells treated with thirty kinds of plant extracts, we identified magnolia officinalis rehd et wils. was able to preferably suppress viral replication. further studies demonstrated that the main ingredients of magnolia bark, namely, magnol ... | 2017 | 28232195 |
| molecular detection of genotype ii grass carp reovirus based on nucleic acid sequence-based amplification combined with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (nasba-elisa). | grass carp reovirus (gcrv) is the causative agent of the grass carp hemorrhagic disease that has resulted in severe economic losses in the grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) farming industry in china. early diagnosis and vaccine administration are important priorities for gcrv control. in this study, a nucleic acid sequence-based amplification with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (nasba-elisa) was developed for to detect genotype ii gcrv (gcrv- ii). primers specifically targeting viral rna g ... | 2017 | 28174075 |
| functional characterizations and expression profiles of adar2 gene, responsible for rna editing, in response to gcrv challenge in grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella). | adar (adenosine deaminases acting on rna)-mediated adenosine-to-inosine (a-to-i) editing to double-stranded rna (dsrna) is a critical arm of the antiviral response. the present study focused on the structural and functional characterizations of grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) adar2 (ciadar2) gene. the complete genomic sequence of ciadar2 is 150,458 bp in length, containing 12 exons and 11 introns. the open reading frame (orf) of 2100 bp encodes a polypeptide of 699 amino acids (aa) which co ... | 2016 | 27514783 |
| characterization, expression analysis and localization pattern of toll-like receptor 1 (tlr1) and toll-like receptor 2 (tlr2) genes in grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella. | in this study, the toll-like receptor 1 (tlr1) and toll-like receptor 2 (tlr2) genes of grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella were cloned and characterized. tlr1 and tlr2 were found to be highly expressed in immune system organs such as spleen, middle kidney and heart kidney. the expression level of tlr1 and tlr2 was found to be up-regulated at the later stage of viral challenge process. moreover, subcellular localization indicated that tlr1 and tlr2 shared similar localization pattern and both of ... | 2016 | 27221024 |
| moroxydine hydrochloride inhibits grass carp reovirus replication and suppresses apoptosis in ctenopharyngodon idella kidney cells. | moroxydine hydrochloride (mor) is known to have multi-antiviral activities against dna and rna viruses but very little information exists on its pharmacology. the paper was undertaken to explore the antiviral response and antiapoptotic mechanism of mor against grass carp reovirus (gcrv) in ctenopharyngodon idella kidney (cik) cells. the results showed that exposing gcrv-infected cell to 6.3 μg ml(-1) of mor for 96 h avoid ca. 50% apoptosis. meanwhile, mor had lower cytotoxicity than ribavirin (r ... | 2016 | 27188236 |
| immunogenicity of a cell culture-derived inactivated vaccine against a common virulent isolate of grass carp reovirus. | grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) hemorrhagic disease, caused by grass carp reovirus (gcrv), is emerging as a serious problem in grass carp aquaculture. there is no available antiviral therapy and vaccination is the primary method of disease control. in the present study, the immunological effects and protective efficacy of an inactivated hunan1307 vaccine in grass carp were evaluated. the gcrv isolate hunan1307 was produced by replication onto the grass carp psf cell line, and inactivated wi ... | 2016 | 27142935 |
| bioinformatics analysis of organizational and expressional characterizations of the ifns, irfs and crfbs in grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella. | interferons (ifns) play crucial roles in the immune response of defense against viral infection and bacteria invasion. in the present study, we systematically identified and characterized the ifns, their regulatory factors (interferon regulatory factors, irfs) and receptors (cytokine receptor family b, crfbs) in grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella). grass carp ifns can be classified into type i ifn (ifn-i) and type ii ifn (ifn-ii) like other teleosts. ifn-i consist of two groups with two (group ... | 2016 | 27012995 |
| a specific cpg oligodeoxynucleotide induces protective antiviral responses against grass carp reovirus in grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella. | cpg oligodeoxynucleotides (odns) show strong immune stimulatory activity in vertebrate, however, they possess specific sequence feature among species. in this study, we screened out an optimal cpg odn sequence for grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella), 1670a 5'-tcgaacgttttaacgttttaacgtt-3', from six published sequences and three sequences designed by authors based on grass carp head kidney mononuclear cells and cik (c. idella kidney) cells proliferation. vp4 mrna expression was strongly inhibited ... | 2016 | 26972738 |
| differential expression of two c-type lectins in grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella and their response to grass carp reovirus. | the cdnas of two c-type lectins in grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella, galactose-binding lectin (galbl) and mannose-binding lectin (mbl), were cloned and analysed in this study. both of them exhibited the highest expression level in liver, whereas their expression pattern differed in early phase of embryonic development. following exposure to grass carp reovirus (gcrv), the mrna expression level of galbl and mbl was significantly up-regulated in liver and intestine. | 2016 | 26643267 |
| dietary vitamin c deficiency depressed the gill physical barriers and immune barriers referring to nrf2, apoptosis, mlck, nf-κb and tor signaling in grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) under infection of flavobacterium columnare. | this study explored the effects of vitamin c on the physical barriers and immune barriers, and relative mrna levels of signaling molecules in the gill of grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) under infection of flavobacterium columnare. the results indicated that compared with optimal vitamin c supplementation, vitamin c deficiency (2.9 mg/kg diet) (1) increased reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl (pc) contents (p < 0.05), decreased the copper/zinc superoxide dismutase, ... | 2016 | 27640333 |
| grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella fibulin-4 as a potential interacting partner for grass carp reovirus outer capsid proteins. | mammalian egf containing fibulin-like extracellular matrix protein 2 (fibulin-4/efemp2), an extracellular matrix(ecm) protein and a member of the fibulin family, is involved in elastic fiber formation, connective tissue development and some human diseases. in a yeast-two hybrid screening of host proteins interacting with outer capsid protein of grass carp reovirus (gcrv), a grass carp homologue of fibulin-4 (designated as gcfibulin-4) is suggested to hold the potential to bind vp7, vp56 and vp55 ... | 2016 | 26626583 |
| cloning, characterization and expression analysis of coagulation factor ii gene in grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella). | here, we characterized the structure and function of the coagulation factor ii (fii) gene in grass carp and determined its role in coagulation mechanisms. the fii gene est was obtained using a constructed splenic transcriptome database; the full-length fii gene sequence was obtained by 3' and 5' race. the open reading frame (orf) of fii was cloned and the full-length gene was found to be 1718 bp, with an orf of 1572 bp; the gene contained a 25 bp 5'-untranslated region (utr) and 108 bp 3'-utr. t ... | 2015 | 26535692 |
| expression pattern and transcriptional regulatory mechanism of noxa gene in grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella). | noxa, a pro-apoptotic protein, plays an important role in cell apoptosis. the researches about noxa gene were concentrated in mammalians, whereas the role and transcriptional regulatory mechanism of noxa in fish were still unclear. in this study, the expression pattern and transcriptional regulatory mechanism of noxa gene in grass carp were analyzed. noxa was constitutively expressed in all the examined tissues but the relative expression level differed. after exposure to grass carp reovirus (gc ... | 2015 | 26453794 |
| dna methylation of cirig-i gene notably relates to the resistance against gcrv and negatively-regulates mrna expression in grass carp, ctenopharyngodon idella. | retinoic acid-inducible gene i (rig-i), a crucial member of cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptors (prrs), is initially characterized as a dsrna-binding protein triggering interferon (ifn) induction in response to virus invasion. while the antiviral regulatory mechanism of rig-i remains largely unclear. in this study, the mechanism of cirig-i (ctenopharyngodon idella rig-i) against grass carp reovirus (gcrv) would be revealed from the perspective of epigenetics. by prediction, three cpg islan ... | 2016 | 26314762 |
| functions of mda5 and its domains in response to gcrv or bacterial pamps. | melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (mda5) is a member of retinoic acid-inducible gene i (rig-i)-like receptor (rlr) family which can initiate type i ifn expression in response to rna virus infection. in this study, we constructed six mutants of ctenopharyngodon idella mda5 (cimad5) overexpression plasmids and generated stable transfected c. idella kidney (cik) cell lines to study the function of different domains of cimad5. after ploy(i:c) stimulation, the downstream genes of cimda5 in t ... | 2015 | 26260315 |
| transcriptome analysis provides insights into the regulatory function of alternative splicing in antiviral immunity in grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella). | characterization of the transcriptomic response to infection is an effective approach to understanding the immune mechanisms. herein we challenged grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) with grass carp reovirus (gcrv) and sequenced four cdna libraries obtained from head-kidney and spleen by using illumina miseq. as a result, we gained a total of 21.52 gb clean data with 107.96 million reads, and de novo assembled 55,199 unigenes with an average length of 1,470 bp. comparative transcriptome analysi ... | 2015 | 26248502 |
| effects of dietary protein levels on the disease resistance, immune function and physical barrier function in the gill of grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) after challenged with flavobacterium columnare. | the effects of dietary protein levels on the disease resistance, gill immune function and physical barrier function of grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) were investigated in this study. a total of 540 grass carp (264.11 ± 0.76 g) were fed six diets containing graded levels of protein (143.1, 176.7, 217.2, 257.5, 292.2 and 322.8 g digestible protein kg(-1) diet) for 8 weeks. after the growth trial, fish were challenged with flavobacterium columnare for 3 days. the results indicated that optima ... | 2016 | 27539702 |
| proteomic analysis of cellular protein expression profiles in response to grass carp reovirus infection. | grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) hemorrhagic disease, caused by grass carp reovirus (gcrv), is emerging as a serious problem in grass carp aquaculture. to better understand the molecular responses to gcrv infection, two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-de) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization tandem mass spectroscopy were performed to investigate altered proteins in c. idella kidney (cik) cells. differentially expressed proteins in mock infected cik cells and gcrv-infected cik cells ... | 2015 | 25783000 |
| insights into the antiviral immunity against grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) reovirus (gcrv) in grass carp. | global fish production from aquaculture has rapidly grown over the past decades, and grass carp shares the largest portion. however, hemorrhagic disease caused by grass carp reovirus (gcrv) results in tremendous loss of grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) industry. during the past years, development of molecular biology and cellular biology technologies has promoted significant advances in the understanding of the pathogen and the immune system. immunoprophylaxis based on stimulation of the imm ... | 2015 | 25759845 |
| proteomic identification and characterization of ctenopharyngodon idella tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated protein 1 (citrap1): an anti-apoptosis factor upregulated by grass carp reovirus infection. | human tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated protein 1 (trap1) is a mitochondrial protein identical to heat shock protein 75 (hsp75) that plays an important role in protecting cells from oxidative stress and apoptosis. in this study, grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated protein 1 (designated as citrap1) was identified through two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-de) analysis and its pattern of expression was investigated in grass carp kidney (cik) cells ... | 2015 | 25655331 |
| snp detection of tlr8 gene, association study with susceptibility/resistance to gcrv and regulation on mrna expression in grass carp, ctenopharyngodon idella. | toll-like receptor 8 (tlr8), a prototypical intracellular member of tlr family, is generally linked closely to antiviral innate immune through recognizing viral nucleic acid. in this study, 5'-flanking region of ctenopharyngodon idella tlr8 (citlr8), 671bp in length, was amplified and eight snps containing one snp in the intron, three snps in the coding region (cds) and four snps in the 3'-untranslated region (utr) were identified and characterized. of which 4062 a/t was significantly associated ... | 2015 | 25514376 |
| lgp2 plays extensive roles in modulating innate immune responses in ctenopharyngodon idella kidney (cik) cells. | lgp2 (laboratory of genetics and physiology 2), rig-i (retinoic acid inducible gene-i) and mda5 (melanoma differentiation associated gene 5) constitute the rlr (rig-i-like receptor) family. lgp2 plays a pivotal role in modulating signaling of rig-i and mda5 in innate immune responses. in this study, three representative overexpression vectors were constructed and transfected into c. idella kidney (cik) cell line to research functional characterizations of cilgp2 (c. idella lgp2). cilgp2 overexpr ... | 2015 | 25450904 |
| grass carp sarm1 and its two splice variants negatively regulate ifn-i response and promote cell death upon gcrv infection at different subcellular locations. | sterile alpha and toll/il-1r motif containing 1 (sarm1) negatively regulates trif-dependent tlr signaling in mammals. however, its immune function remains unclear in teleost. here, a grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella sarm1 (cisarm1) gene and its two novel splice variants (cisarm1s1 and cisarm1s2) were identified. cisarm1s1 and cisarm1s2 are generated by intron retention mechanism, and they only retain n-terminal heat/armadillo motifs. in c. idella kidney (cik) cells, cisarm1 and cisarm1s1 are l ... | 2015 | 25280626 |
| cpa/cpg methylation of cimda5 possesses tight association with the resistance against gcrv and negatively regulates mrna expression in grass carp, ctenopharyngodon idella. | melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (mda5) plays a crucial role in recognizing intracellular viral infection, activating the interferon regulatory factor pathways as well as inducing antiviral response. while the antiviral regulatory mechanism of mda5 remains unclear. in the present study, cimda5 (ctenopharyngodon idella mda5) against grass carp reovirus (gcrv) would be initially revealed from the perspective of dna methylation, a pivotal epigenetic modification. two cpg islands (cgis) we ... | 2015 | 25260715 |
| dynamic localization and the associated translocation mechanism of hmgbs in response to gcrv challenge in cik cells. | high-mobility group box (hmgb) proteins, a family of chromatin-associated nuclear proteins, play amazingly multifaceted roles in the immune system of mammals. thus far, little is known about the nucleocytoplasmic distribution of hmgbs in teleosts. the present study systematically investigated the dynamic localization of all six hmgb proteins in ctenopharyngodon idella kidney (cik) cells. under basal conditions, all hmgbs exclusively localized to the nucleus. grass carp reovirus (gcrv), polyinosi ... | 2015 | 25042634 |
| cpg methylation in the 5'-flanking region of lgp2 gene lacks association with resistance/susceptibility to gcrv but contributes to the differential expression between muscle and spleen tissues in grass carp, ctenopharyngodon idella. | as an intracellular pattern recognition receptor (prr), laboratory of genetics and physiology 2 (lgp2) plays a pivotal role in detecting nucleic acids of invading pathogens and simultaneously modulating signaling by retinoic acid-inducible gene-i (rig-i) and melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (mda5) in type i interferon (ifn-i) pathway. nevertheless, the underlying antiviral transcription mechanism of lgp2 remains obscure. the present study attempted to reveal the methylation levels of c ... | 2014 | 24998981 |
| cloning and characterization of the grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) toll-like receptor 22 gene, a fish-specific gene. | toll-like receptor 22 (tlr22) is a fish-specific tlr which recognizes double-strand (ds) rna and participates in the innate immune response through the toll-il-1r homology domain-containing adaptor protein 1 (ticam-1). to further investigate how the innate immune system of teleosts responds to viral infections, we cloned the full-length cdna sequence of grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) tlr22 (citlr22). the complete cdna sequence of citlr22 was 3647 bp and encodes a polypeptide of 954 amino a ... | 2012 | 22554574 |
| molecular characterizations of grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) tbk1 gene and its roles in regulating ifn-i pathway. | tank-binding kinase 1 (tbk1), a kinase at the crossroads of multiple ifn-inducing signaling pathways, plays essential roles in both antiviral and antibacterial innate immunity in mammals. here, tbk1 gene (10339bp) was identified and characterized from grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella (citbk1). the genomic sequence is shorter than other orthologs in vertebrate, and a promoter region is found in intron 1. mrna expression of citbk1 was widespread in fifteen tissues investigated, and was up-regula ... | 2014 | 24704212 |
| identification, characterization and immunological response analysis of stimulator of interferon gene (sting) from grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella. | stimulator of interferon gene (sting), an important adapter responsible for rlr pathway, plays a pivotal role in both viral rna- and dna-triggered induction of ifns in mammals. to understand the roles of sting in piscine immune system, sting gene (cisting) was identified from grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella). the genomic sequence of cisting was of 8548 base pairs (bp), including 899 bp 5' flank region, 7 exons and 6 introns. promoter region was predicted and promoter activity was verified. t ... | 2014 | 24631580 |
| molecular cloning and immune responsive expression of a ribonuclease iii orthologue involved in rna interference, dicer, in grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella. | in this study, the dicer gene (designated as cidicer) was identified and characterized from grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella. the complementary dna (cdna) of cidicer contained an open reading frame (orf) of 5646 nucleotides (nts) encoding a putative protein of 1881 amino acids (aa). the deduced dicer protein contained all known functional domains identified in other organisms. tissue tropism analysis indicated that cidicer is abundantly expressed in brain, gill, head kidney, liver, spleen, hea ... | 2013 | 24580665 |
| proteomic identification, characterization and expression analysis of ctenopharyngodon idella vdac1 upregulated by grass carp reovirus infection. | voltage-dependent anion channels (vdacs) located in the mitochondrial outer membrane are mitochondrial porins that play central roles in regulating cell life and death. in this present report, the vdac protein 1 from grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella (designated as civdac1) was found to be upregulated by grass carp reovirus (gcrv) infection through two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and protein analysis of infected c. idella kidney (cik) cells. the full-length cdna of civdac1 was 995 bp with a ... | 2014 | 24434647 |
| a cross-sectional study of the association between risk factors and hemorrhagic disease of grass carp in ponds in southern china. | a cross-sectional survey of 215 grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella ponds was conducted in southern china between may 2010 and november 2011. an in-depth questionnaire was developed to evaluate a series of biosecurity practices, environmental factors, and management factors at the farm level. fish samples with clinical hemorrhagic signs were also collected from each pond to assess the clinical disease of grass carp reovirus by using reverse transcription (rt) pcr assay. the association between th ... | 2013 | 24341768 |
| identification of a novel n4bp1-like gene from grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) in response to gcrv infection. | nedd4 binding protein 1 (n4bp1) has been identified as an interacting protein and a substrate of nedd4 e3 ligase. however, the report about n4bp1's function is limit. in this study, a novel n4bp1 gene (cin4bp1) was cloned from grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella). the full-length cdna sequence of cin4bp1 (3022 bp) included an open reading frame (orf) of 2565 bp, which encoded a putative peptides of 854 amino acids containing one kh domain and one nyn domain. it was close homology (47% identify) ... | 2014 | 24220004 |
| gene-based polymorphisms, genomic organization of interferon-β promoter stimulator 1 (ips-1) gene and association study with the natural resistance to grass carp reovirus in grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella. | interferon-β promoter stimulator 1 (ips-1) plays a pivotal role in the production of type i interferon (ifn) and pro-inflammatory cytokines. though its function in innate immunity was widely studied, its genetic polymorphisms and evolution information were rarely known. herein, the present study firstly identified and characterized the genomic organization of ciips-1 (ips-1 gene of grass carp, ctenopharyngodon idella) and its nucleotide polymorphisms. ciips-1 consists of 8789 bp, with a 314 bp 5 ... | 2013 | 24001582 |
| two novel homologs of high mobility group box 3 gene in grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella): potential roles in innate immune responses. | high mobility group box 3 (hmgb3) protein is a universal sentinel in the activation of innate antiviral immune responses in mammalian cells of limited tissues. however, the underlying immune functions of hmgb3 responding to viruses and viral/bacterial pathogen-associated molecular patterns (pamps) are still unknown in teleosts. in the present study, two novel homologs of grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) hmgb3 (designated as cihmgb3a and cihmgb3b) were identified and characterized. quantitati ... | 2013 | 23994280 |
| serodiagnosis of grass carp reovirus infection in grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella by a novel western blot technique. | frequent outbreaks of grass carp hemorrhagic disease, caused by grass carp reovirus (gcrv) infection, pose as serious threats to the production of grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella. although various nucleic acids-based diagnostic methods have been shown effective, lack of commercial monoclonal antibody against grass carp igm has impeded the development of any reliable immunoassays in detection of gcrv infection. the present study describes the preparation and screening of monoclonal antibodies ... | 2013 | 23942340 |
| characterizations of two grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella hmgb2 genes and potential roles in innate immunity. | high-mobility group box 2 (hmgb2) protein is a chromatin-associated nonhistone protein, involved in transcriptional regulation and nucleic-acid-mediated innate immune responses in mammalian. however, the function of piscine hmgb2 in innate immune responses is still unknown. in the present study, two hmgb2 homologue genes (cihmgb2a, cihmgb2b) were identified and characterized in grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella). both cihmgb2a and cihmgb2b genes encode proteins with 213 amino acids, sharing 71 ... | 2013 | 23756189 |
| identification and functional characterizations of a novel trif gene from grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella). | toll/interleukin-1 receptor (tir) domain containing adapter inducing interferon-β (trif) is an adapter in responding to activation of some toll-like receptors (tlrs), which provides early clearance of viral and bacterial pathogens. here we identified and characterized a full-length genomic sequence of trif gene from grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella (designated as citrif). citrif genomic sequence consists of 3534 base pairs (bp), containing 5' flank sequence (496 bp) and unique intron (815 bp). ... | 2013 | 23732407 |
| identification, expression profiling of a grass carp tlr8 and its inhibition leading to the resistance to reovirus in cik cells. | tlr8 (toll-like receptor 8), a homolog of tlr3, tlr7 and tlr9 as prototypical intracellular members of tlr family, is generally associated with sensing single stranded rna and plays a pivotal role in antiviral immune response. in this study, a tlr8 gene from grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella (designated as citlr8) was obtained and characterized. the full-length cdna of citlr8 was of 3766 bp. the open reading frame was of 3072 bp and encoded a polypeptide of 1023 amino acids, including seventeen ... | 2013 | 23632252 |
| sequestration of rna by grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella tia1 is associated with its positive role in facilitating grass carp reovirus infection. | previous report demonstrated that grass carp reovirus (gcrv) infection resulted in unlinking cellular stress granule formation from aggregation of grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella tia1 (citia1). here, we provided evidence to show that citia1 bound to synthesized ssrna and dsrna in vitro. both gst-pull down assay and rna immunoprecipitation analysis confirmed the association between gcrv-specific rna and gst-tagged citia1 in c. idella kidney (cik) cells. furthermore, citia1 was shown to protect ... | 2015 | 26208752 |
| functional characterizations of ips-1 in cik cells: potential roles in regulating ifn-i response dependent on irf7 but not irf3. | ips-1, as the sole adaptor of rig-i and mda5, plays a central role in innate antiviral immunity. in this study, we investigated potential roles of ips-1 in innate immunity and the domain-requirement of ips-1 for its signaling in grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella). overexpression experiment showed that ciips-1 mediated ifn-i signal possibly dependent on ciirf7 but not ciirf3. post gcrv challenge, ciips-1 could enhance antiviral immune responses. card and tm domains were crucial for antiviral fu ... | 2015 | 26111995 |
| trunk kidney of grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) mediates immune responses against gcrv and viral/bacterial pamps in vivo and in vitro. | trunk kidney is a vital organ for excretion in teleosts. there have been sporadic reports of processing pathogens for the immune function in trunk kidney. however, molecular processes of pathogen recognition receptors (prrs) responding to virus and viral/bacterial pathogen-associated molecular patterns (pamps) are poorly elucidated in trunk kidney. in the present study, we investigated transcriptional profiles of twelve representative immune-related genes (tlrs (tlr3, tlr7 and tlr22); rlrs (rig- ... | 2013 | 23333439 |
| antigenic analysis of grass carp reovirus using single-chain variable fragment antibody against igm from ctenopharyngodon idella. | grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) is an important species of freshwater aquaculture fish in china. however, grass carp reovirus (gcrv) can cause fatal hemorrhagic disease in yearling populations. until now, a strategy to define the antigenic capacity of the virus's structural proteins for preparing an effective vaccine has not been available. in this study, some single-chain variable fragment antibodies (scfv), which could specifically recognize grass carp igm, were selected from a constructe ... | 2013 | 23314868 |
| lipopolysaccharide-induced tnf-α factor in grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella): evidence for its involvement in antiviral innate immunity. | lipopolysaccharide-induced tnf-α factor (litaf), which participates in innate immune response and regulates tnf-α transcription, has been identified and characterized in various organisms. in a study to screen interacting cellular proteins with grass carp reovirus using yeast two-hybrid system, a grass carp homologue of litaf was identified to bind the ns26 protein encoded by the s11 genomic fragment of grass carp reovirus (gcrv). in this study, grass carp lps-induced tnf-α factor gene (designat ... | 2013 | 23253491 |
| protective roles of grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella mx isoforms against grass carp reovirus. | myxovirus resistance (mx) proteins are crucial effectors of the innate antiviral response against a wide range of viruses, mediated by the type i interferon (ifn-i) signaling pathway. however, the antiviral activity of mx proteins is diverse and complicated in different species. | 2012 | 23251697 |
| identification and expression profiles of adar1 gene, responsible for rna editing, in responses to dsrna and gcrv challenge in grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella). | adar (adenosine deaminase acting on rna) is an rna editing enzyme that targets both coding and noncoding dsrnas (double stranded rnas) and converts adenosine to inosine, which is read by translation machinery and by polymerases during rna-dependent rna replication as if it is guanosine. this editing is a widespread post-transcriptional modification event in animals. in this study, we identified the full-length cdna sequence of ctenopharyngodon idella adar1 (designated as ciadar1) and detected th ... | 2012 | 22796906 |
| transcriptome analysis of head kidney in grass carp and discovery of immune-related genes. | grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) is one of the most economically important freshwater fish, but its production is often affected by diseases that cause serious economic losses. to date, no good breeding varieties have been obtained using the oriented cultivation technique. the ability to identify disease resistance genes in grass carp is important to cultivate disease-resistant varieties of grass carp. | 2012 | 22776770 |
| identification and expression profiles of grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella tlr7 in responses to double-stranded rna and virus infection. | the toll-like receptor 7 (tlr7) gene was identified and characterized from grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella (designated as citlr7), and the messenger (m)rna expression profiles were examined in vivo and in vitro. the citlr7 genomic sequence consists of 4276 nucleotides (nts), including two exons and one intron. the full length of citlr7 complementary (c)dna sequence is 3354 nts with the longest open reading frame (orf) of 3156 nts encoding a peptide of 1051 amino acids. citlr7 mrna expression ... | 2012 | 22650436 |
| a 15 nucleotide deletion mutation in coding region of the rig-i lowers grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) resistance to grass carp reovirus. | rig-i (retinoic acid-inducible gene i) is a pivotal receptor that detects numerous rna and dna viruses and plays crucial roles in the induction of type i interferons. in the present study, a deletion mutation in cirig-i (ctenopharyngodon idella rig-i) coding region was detected, its association with resistance/susceptibility to grass carp reovirus (gcrv) was examined, and possible mechanism was analyzed. a 15-bp deletion mutation was found, and the mutation results in a deletion of five amino ac ... | 2012 | 22626563 |
| genomic organization, promoter activity of grass carp mda5 and the association of its polymorphisms with susceptibility/resistance to grass carp reovirus. | mda5 (melanoma-differentiation-associated gene 5), a member of the rlr (retinoic acid-inducible gene i-like receptor) family, plays a pivotal role in innate immunity against viral infection. in the present study, the organization of grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) mda5 (cimda5) gene sequence was elucidated and promoter activity of its 5'-flanking region was detected. in addition, single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) were investigated to explore their association with susceptibility/resist ... | 2012 | 22361281 |
| molecular cloning and expression analysis of the ajuba gene of grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) involved in cellular response to viral infection. | ajuba belongs to the lim domain proteins, which are involved in the assembly of the extracellular matrix and, along with associated proteins, regulate target genes that connect the extracellular matrix and the cytoskeleton. in the present study, we characterized the entire cdna sequence of the ajuba gene from grass carp (gcajuba). the gcajuba cdna contained an open reading frame (orf) of 2121 bp encoding a polypeptide of 706 amino acids with an estimated molecular mass of 75.966 kda and three li ... | 2015 | 25452047 |
| design and evaluation of a tandemly arranged outer membrane protein u (ompu) multi-epitope as a potential vaccine antigen against vibrio mimicus in grass carps (ctenopharyngodon idella). | vibrio mimicus (v. mimicus) is an extracellular pathogen that causes ascites disease in aquatic animals. in our previous studies, the outer membrane protein u (ompu) of v. mimicus has been proven to be a protective antigen, and several mimotopes of the protein were identified. here, a tandemly arranged multi-epitope peptide (named 6epis) was designed with six mimotopes and heterologously expressed. then, the immunoprotection efficacy of recombinant 6epis (r6epis) was evaluated in grass carps (ct ... | 2014 | 24751414 |
| concentrations of microcystins in tissues of several fish species from freshwater reservoirs and ponds. | the aim of this study is to summarise the determination of concentrations of microcystins (mcs) in muscle and liver of freshwater fish species caught in stagnant waters of the czech republic. within the years 2007-2009, 351 muscle samples and 291 liver samples of 16 freshwater fish species derived from four fishponds, and four water reservoirs were analysed. mcs were detected in 53 liver samples. the highest concentrations of microcystins were determined in liver samples of carnivorous fish spec ... | 2013 | 23756815 |
| a fine structural review on the spermatozoa of cyprinidae with attention to their phylogenetic implications. | the fine structural organization and dimensions of spermatozoa from species of 4 subfamilies of the cyprinidae (barbus barbus, carassius carassius, cyprinus carpio carpio, cyprinus carpio haematopterus, abramis brama, alburnoides bipunctatus, alburnus alburnus, chalcalburnus chalcoides mento, chondrostoma nasus, hypophthalmichthys molitrix, leuciscus cephalus, phoxinus phoxinus, rutilus rutilus, rutilus meidingerii, scardinius erythrophthalmus, vimba vimba and ctenopharyngodon idella) are compar ... | 2009 | 19688692 |
| the effect of ginger and garlic addition during cooking on the volatile profile of grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) soup. | ginger and garlic have long been used in asian countries to enhance the flavor and to neutralize any unpleasant odors present in fish soup. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the change in the amount of volatile components present in fish soup compared to boiled water solutions of ginger and garlic. the fish soup was prepared by boiling oil-fried grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) with or without ginger and/or garlic. generally, boiling garlic and ginger in water led to a decrease in th ... | 2016 | 27784920 |
| cryopreservation of spermatozoa in cyprinid fishes. | the present study investigated semen cryopreservation in cyprinid fish using computer-assisted sperm motility analysis for viability control. spermatozoa of the bleak, chalcalbumus chalcoides, were used as a basic model to describe the toxic and cryoprotective effects of internal and external cryoprotectants, their most effective concentrations and combinations, the freezing and thawing conditions, and the effects of equilibration. we also used these data to develop a cryopreservation protocol f ... | 2000 | 11191871 |
| a nonclassical mhc class i u lineage locus in zebrafish with a null haplotypic variant. | three sequence lineages of mhc class i genes have been described in zebrafish (danio rerio): u, z, and l. the u lineage genes encoded on zebrafish chromosome 19 are predicted to provide the classical function of antigen presentation. this mhc class i locus displays significant haplotypic variation and is the only mhc class i locus in zebrafish that shares conserved synteny with the core mammalian mhc. here, we describe two mhc class i u lineage genes, mhc1ula and mhc1uma, that map to chromosome ... | 2015 | 26254596 |
| pigment epithelium-derived factor improves tnfα-induced hepatic steatosis in grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella). | pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnfα), may contribute to hepatic steatosis in the situation of excess lipid accumulation in farmed fish. pigment epithelium-derived factor (pedf) is an endogenous anti-inflammatory factor and promotes lipolysis. accordingly, we isolated pedf from grass carp and investigated its role in tnfα-induced hepatic steatosis. sequence analysis showed that pedf gene, which possesses 8 exons and 7 introns, encodes a protein with 409 amino aci ... | 2017 | 28111231 |
| genetic structure, polymorphism identification of lgp2 gene and their relationship with the resistance/susceptibility to gcrv in grass carp, ctenopharyngodon idella. | laboratory of genetics and physiology 2 (lgp2) is an actual detector and regulator during rna viral infection in innate immunity. in this study, 5'-flanking region and all introns of lgp2 in grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) were excavated. the genomic cilgp2 (c. idella lgp2) was 8062bp in length, with a 364bp 5'-flanking region, twelve exons and eleven introns. besides, the promoter activity of the upstream region before initiator codon was identified. by sequencing, six single nucleotide po ... | 2013 | 23506828 |
| quantitative in vivo and in vitro characterization of co-infection by two genetically distant grass carp reoviruses. | grass carp reovirus (gcrv) is one of the most serious pathogens threatening grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) production in china. through sequence analysis, the co-existence of two genetically distant grass carp reoviruses, named gcrv-jx01 and gcrv-jx02, was revealed in the same diseased grass carp sample collected in 2011. gcrv-jx01 and gcrv-jx02 shared high levels of homology with gcrv-873 and gcrv-gd108, respectively. in contrast to gcrv-jx01, gcrv-jx02 induced no cytopathic effect in inf ... | 2013 | 23426359 |
| prevalence, site and tissue preference of myxozoan parasites infecting gills of cultured fish in punjab (india). | native carp species cultured in indian farms in punjab (catla catla catla, rohu labeo rohita, mrigal cirrhinus mrigala, exotic carps such as silver carp hypophthalmichthys molitrix, grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella, common carp cyprinus carpio and a catfish sperata seenghala) were examined for the presence of myxozoan parasites infecting gills. firstly, the gills were examined under a zoom-stereomicroscope for the presence of plasmodia. the number of plasmodia per gill was counted to determine ... | 2016 | 26912043 |
| post-harvest loss of farm raised indian and chinese major carps in the distribution channel from mymensingh to rangpur of bangladesh. | post-harvest loss of catla (catla catla), rohu (labeo rohita), mrigal (cirrhinus mrigala), silver carp (hypophthalmichthys molitrix), grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) and sarpunti (puntius sarana) in a single distribution chain from harvest in mymensingh to retail sale rangpur town were determined, in order to obtain information on quality deterioration and existing handling and icing conditions so that suggestions for improving such practices can be made. quality defect points of the fish a ... | 2013 | 24494525 |
| grass carp laboratory of genetics and physiology 2 serves as a negative regulator in retinoic acid-inducible gene i- and melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5-mediated antiviral signaling in resting state and early stage of grass carp reovirus infection. | laboratory of genetics and physiology 2 (lgp2) is a key component of rig-i-like receptors (rlrs). however, the lack of the caspase recruitment domains (cards) results in its controversial functional performance as a negative or positive regulator in antiviral responses. especially, no sufficient evidence uncovers the functional mechanisms of lgp2 in rlr signaling pathways in teleost. here, negative regulation mechanism of lgp2 in certain situations in retinoic acid-inducible gene i (rig-i) and m ... | 2017 | 28396670 |
| genome-wide identification and characterization of conserved and novel micrornas in grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) by deep sequencing. | micrornas (mirnas) are post-transcriptional regulators which bind to target to regulate protein expression by repressing translation or promoting degradation of the target mrna. studies have shown that deep sequencing is a powerful tool for the identification of mirnas, and it is believed that may more mirnas remain to be discovered in grass carp. in the present study, a pool of equal amounts of rna obtained from 8 different adult grass carp tissues (spleen, liver, muscle, kidney, skin, testis, ... | 2017 | 28282565 |
| chemical characterization of the glycated myofibrillar proteins from grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) and their impacts on the human gut microbiota in vitro fermentation. | in this study, the chemical characterization of glycoconjugates of myofibrillar proteins from grass carp conjugated with glucose via maillard reaction for up to 24 h of dry-heating was investigated, and their impacts on the microbial community in vitro human fecal fermentation were firstly evaluated by high-throughput sequencing technologies. the glycation greatly increased the furosine levels in glycoconjugates, which reached the maximum level (2.87 ± 0.08 mg per 100 mg protein) for 9 h of heat ... | 2017 | 28197578 |
| gill structural integrity changes in fish deficient or excessive in dietary isoleucine: towards the modulation of tight junction protein, inflammation, apoptosis and antioxidant defense via nf-κb, tor and nrf2 signaling pathways. | this study firstly aimed to test the impact of dietary isoleucine (ile) on tight junction protein, inflammation, apoptosis, antioxidant defense and related signaling molecule gene expression in the gill of fish. young grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) (weighing 256.8 ± 3.5 g) were fed six diets containing graded levels of ile, namely, 3.8, 6.6, 9.3, 12.5, 15.2 and 18.5 g/kg diet for 8 weeks. the results firstly revealed that ile deficiency down-regulated the mrna expressions of claudin-3, cla ... | 2017 | 28193461 |
| effect of dietary phosphorus deficiency on the growth, immune function and structural integrity of head kidney, spleen and skin in young grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella). | this study evaluates the effects of dietary phosphorus on the growth, immune function and structural integrity (head kidney, spleen and skin) of young grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) that were fed graded levels of available phosphorus (0.95-8.75 g/kg diet). results indicated that phosphorus deficiency decreased the growth performance of young grass carp. in addition, the results first demonstrated that compared with the optimal phosphorus level, phosphorus deficiency depressed the lysozyme ... | 2017 | 28192254 |
| molecular cloning, tissue distribution, and pharmacological characterization of melanocortin-4 receptor in grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella). | melanocortin-4 receptor (mc4r) plays a pivotal role in the mediation of leptin action on food intake and energy expenditure in mammals. the mc4r has also been identified in several teleosts, and its importance in the regulation of fish energy homeostasis is emerging. we herein reported on the molecular cloning, tissue distribution, and pharmacological characterization of mc4r in grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella), an economically and ecologically important fish. we showed that grass carp mc4r ... | 2017 | 28152402 |