Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| chromium-induced micronuclei in fish. | an investigation of the cytogenetic effects of chromium (cr(vi) and cr(iii)) in prussian carp (carassius auratus gibelio) was made. for detecting cytogenetic damage, micronuclei induction in fish erythrocyte cells was employed. fish were investigated 100 m above and 400 m below the discharge of leather waste products into the river ljubljanica, and by exposing fish to three doses of chromium (cr(vi) and cr(iii)) in the laboratory. the exposure of fish to various concentration levels (sub-lethal) ... | 2013 | 7822681 |
| nmda receptor antagonist mk-801 blocks learning of conditioned stimulus-unconditioned stimulus contiguity but not fear of conditioned stimulus in goldfish (carassius auratus l.). | the blockade of learning of pavlovian fear conditioning by the n-methyl-d-aspartic acid (nmda)-receptor antagonist mk-801 was examined in 166 goldfish. in previously untrained fish, mk-801 blocked learning of a light-off or a tone conditioned stimulus (cs) paired with an electrical shock unconditioned stimulus (us). pretraining on the light-off cs did not affect the rate of learning of the tone cs but protected the tone learning from disruption by mk-801. switching from the light-off to the tone ... | 1994 | 7826516 |
| immunocytochemical localization of granulin-1 to mononuclear phagocytic cells of the teleost fish cyprinus carpio and carassius auratus. | a new class of low-molecular-weight cysteine-rich regulatory growth factors, designated granulins, has been isolated from hematopoietic tissues of a teleost fish (cyprinus carpio) and structurally characterized. granulin-1, the predominant form found in carp spleen, was used to raise polyclonal antibodies in rabbits and to establish a radioimmunoassay. this permitted preliminary tissue distribution studies of granulin-1 to be undertaken in carp (cyprinus carpio) and goldfish (carassius auratus). ... | 1995 | 7829976 |
| comparative distribution of neurotensin-like immunoreactivity in the brain of a teleost (carassius auratus), an amphibian (hyla meridionalis), and a reptile (gallotia galloti). | the distribution of neurotensin (nt) was studied in the brain of three species belonging to the three major classes of cold-blooded vertebrates: teleost fishes (carassius auratus), anuran amphibians (hyla meridionalis), and reptiles (gallotia galloti; lacertidae). by using antibodies directed against synthetic bovine nt in the three species, immunoreactive cell bodies were discovered mostly in the telencephalon and diencephalon, in particular at the level of the preoptic region the mediobasal hy ... | 1994 | 7836560 |
| phagocytotic cells in the fish heart. | comparatively little is known about host-defense activities in the fish heart. investigations showed that intraperitoneally injected carbon particles are actively taken up by the cardiac endothelial cells of the medaka oryzias latipes, but less so by those of the goldfish carassius auratus and lemon tetra hyphessobrycon pulchripinnis. (in vitro experiments confirmed these species differences in endocytic activities by these cells.) electron microscopy revealed that endothelial cells of the medak ... | 1994 | 7880594 |
| foreign gene transfer into nigorobuna (carassius auratus grandoculis). | supercoiled and linear plasmid dna containing the escherichia coli beta-galactosidase gene was injected into dechorionated nigorobuna (carassius auratus grandoculis) eggs prior to first cleavage. the survival rates in the hatching stage were 73% to 89% for injected eggs in comparison with controls (non-injected chorionated eggs). the exogenous dna was detected by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) in all of the three-day-old larvae analyzed and in about 20% of two-year-old adult fish. expression of ... | 1994 | 7881510 |
| in vivo actions of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh) antagonist on gonadotropin-ii and growth hormone secretion in goldfish, carassius auratus. | in our previous in vitro studies, [ac-delta 3-pro1, 4fd-phe2, d-trp3,6]-mgnrh (analog e) suppressed both gonadotropin-ii (gth-ii) and growth hormone (gh) release stimulated by sgnrh and cgnrh-ii. in the present study analog e significantly inhibited the increases in plasma gth-ii levels stimulated by sgnrh in sexually mature female and sexually recrudescent goldfish. treatment of goldfish with alpha-methyl-p-tyrosin methyl ester (alpha-mpt) inhibits dopamine synthesis and abolishes the inhibitor ... | 1994 | 7883150 |
| immunolocalization of aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase in goldfish (carassius auratus) brain. | the distribution of monoamines (catecholamines and serotonin) in fishes has been previously studied by immunohistochemistry of both the monoamines themselves and their biosynthetic enzymes. but the distribution of neurons containing aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase, an enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of both catecholamines and serotonin, has up to now not been investigated. in order to improve knowledge about the localization of aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase, neurons containing this ... | 1994 | 7913102 |
| the in vitro metabolism of 17-hydroxyprogesterone by ovaries of the goldfish, carassius auratus, is affected by substrate concentration. | ovaries of mature goldfish (carassius auratus) were incubated with 17-[3h]hydroxyprogesterone and 0, 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 micrograms/ml 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17p). the major products were quantified after separation by thin-layer and high-performance chromatography. the results show that substrate concentration markedly affects the pattern of metabolites. glucuronides and sulfates decreased from 7.2 +/- 2.0 and 28.5 +/- 4.4% of recovered radioactivity, respectively, in the absence of adde ... | 1994 | 7926646 |
| perception of temporal acoustic patterns by the goldfish (carassius auratus). | the perception of temporal acoustic patterns was studied in the goldfish using classical respiratory conditioning in combination with a stimulus generalization paradigm. stimuli consisted of a bandpass filtered pulse repeated in various periodic and aperiodic temporal patterns. in each of 14 experiments, animals received 40 conditioning trials to a given stimulus pattern and were then tested for generalization to eight novel stimuli differing only in temporal pattern. in experiments 1-5, animals ... | 1994 | 7928708 |
| cloning of a marsupial dna photolyase gene and the lack of related nucleotide sequences in placental mammals. | photoreactivating enzyme, dna photolyase, reduces lethal, mutagenic and carcinogenic effects of ultraviolet light (uv) by catalyzing near uv or visible light-dependent repair of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (cpds) in dna. the enzyme activity has been detected in a wide variety of organisms ranging from bacteria to nonplacental mammals. however, the evidence for photoreactivation in placental mammals, including humans, is controversial. as a first step to identify the presence and activity of th ... | 1994 | 7937136 |
| monoclonal antibodies against goldfish (carassius auratus) immunoglobulin: application to the quantification of immunoglobulin and antibody-secreting cells by elispot and seric immunoglobulin and antibody levels by elisa in carp (cyprinus carpio). | monoclonal antibodies (mabs) raised against heavy and light chains of goldfish immunoglobulin (ig) were characterized by a western blot technique. a complete cross-reactivity was observed between carp and goldfish ig. these mabs were used for the quantification of carp ig and anti-yersinia ruckeri antibodies by elisa. an elispot assay was also developed in carp to quantify ig-secreting cells (isc) and antibody-secreting cells (asc). the number of asc was maximum on day 18 post-vaccination and de ... | 1994 | 7951348 |
| nearfield detection of dipole sources by the goldfish (carassius auratus) and the mottled sculpin (cottus bairdi). | surprisingly few behavioral data exist on dipole source detection by fish, despite the fact that dipole sources more closely approximate biologically relevant signals than do more nearly monopole sources such as loudspeakers, the stimulus used in nearly all fish auditory studies. in this study, dipole source detection is investigated for two fish species that differ in both their auditory and lateral line systems, the two systems capable of detecting dipole sources. conditioned suppression of re ... | 1994 | 7964388 |
| [the effect of cadmium on the intestine of carassius auratus]. | the paper deals with the cadmium effects on the intestinal mucosa of adult carassius auratus after 7, 14 and 40 days of exposure. after 7 days the mucosa becomes oedematous; the mucous cells show intensive secretion. the cells showing immunoreactivity for the met- and leu-enkephalin miss this feature. after 14 days these modifications diminish and after 40 days disappear completely and the mucosa gains its normal characteristics. | 1994 | 7978344 |
| pcr-cloning of goldfish and tilapia metallothionein complementary dnas. | metallothionein (mt) is believed to be a sensitive and effective "biomarker" for monitoring metal contamination in fish. comparison of amino acid sequences between flounder mt and trout mt revealed that there is a conserved region at their n-terminals. using oligonucleotides derived from this conserved region, reverse transcription- polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) was performed to obtain mt complementary dnas (cdnas) from goldfish, carassius auratus, and tilapia, tilapia mossambica. these cdn ... | 1994 | 7999050 |
| opioid binding in giant toad and goldfish brain. | opiate receptor expression in phylogenetically different species has played an important role in the study of opioid receptor pharmacology. total opioid binding measured with the nonselective ligand 3h-diprenorphine reveals a bmax of 21.7 +/- 1.37 fmol/mg tissue wet wt and a kd of 0.17 +/- 0.03 nm in bufo marinus (giant toad), as well as a bmax of 18.17 + 0.41 fmol/mg tissue wet wt and a kd of 0.47 +/- 0.18 nm in carassius auratus (goldfish). despite the similar levels of 3h-diprenorphine bindin ... | 1994 | 8038707 |
| organization of inner ear endorgan projections in the goldfish, carassius auratus. | cytoarchitectural analysis of the octavolateralis area of the goldfish, carassius auratus, reveals that as in other teleosts, five first-order octaval nuclei are present: the anterior octaval, magnocellular, descending, tangential, and posterior octaval nuclei. the descending nucleus appears to be anatomically specialized relative to that of the halecomorph amia calva and many teleosts in that a large dorsomedial subpopulation of the nucleus lies medial to nucleus medialis, a first-order lateral ... | 1994 | 8038983 |
| functional evidence regarding receptor subtypes mediating the actions of native gonadotropin-releasing hormones (gnrh) in goldfish, carassius auratus. | in goldfish, two native gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh) peptides, salmon gnrh (sgnrh) and chicken-ii gnrh (cgnrh-ii), stimulate gonadotropin (gth-ii) and growth hormone (gh) secretion. in the present study we tested whether sgnrh and cgnrh-ii act through different or the same population of gnrh receptors on gth and gh cells, using various approaches. a gnrh antagonist [ac-delta 3-pro1,4fd-phe2,d-trp3,6]sgnrh (analog c) equally inhibited gth-ii release by sgnrh and cgnrh-ii. similarly, [ac- ... | 1994 | 8045371 |
| differential actions of a mammalian gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist on gonadotropin-ii and growth hormone release in goldfish, carassius auratus. | in goldfish the two native forms of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh), salmon gnrh (sgnrh) and chicken gnrh-ii (cgnrh-ii), stimulate both gonadotropin-ii (gth-ii) and growth hormone (gh) release. modifications of gnrh structure at positions 1, 2, 3, and 6 often result in an antagonist in goldfish, an observation well documented in mammalian studies. in a preliminary study in goldfish, a mammalian gnrh antagonist, [ac-d(2)nal1, 4cl-d-phe2, d(3)-pal3,6, arg5, d-ala10]-mgnrh (analog l) weakly s ... | 1994 | 8084380 |
| 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (mptp), and gamma-vinyl-gamma-aminobutyric acid (gamma-vinyl gaba) alter neurotransmitter concentrations in the nervous tissue of the goldfish (carassius auratus) but not the cockroach (periplaneta americana). | 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (mptp), 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium iodide (mpp+) and gamma-vinyl-gamma-aminobutyric acid (gamma-vinyl gaba) are drugs demonstrated to alter catecholamine or gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba) concentrations in vertebrate nervous tissue. mptp and mpp+, which are potent and selective vertebrate neurotoxins, are effective in depleting noradrenaline and dopamine concentrations in goldfish. however, only mpp+ depletes dopamine in the central nervous tissues o ... | 1993 | 8094992 |
| homeobox genes are expressed in the retina and brain of adult goldfish. | the goldfish (carassius auratus) visual pathway displays continuous growth and plasticity throughout life. since homeobox genes are important transcriptional regulators in development, we searched for homeobox genes in the adult goldfish retina and brain. using the pcr, we discovered a repertoire of homeobox sequences expressed in these tissues. in addition to isolating homeodomain sequences found in the vertebrate hox gene clusters, a sequence identical to the chicken chox7 homeodomain was char ... | 1993 | 8096640 |
| characterization of d1 receptors mediating dopamine-stimulated growth hormone release from pituitary cells of the goldfish, carassius auratus. | previously, we demonstrated that dopamine (da) stimulates gh release from the pituitary of goldfish, and this action is mediated by d1-like receptors. in the current study, we have provided evidence for the presence of d1-specific binding sites in the pituitary cells of goldfish. these d1-binding sites were found to be saturable, stereospecific, and selective for d1 ligands. the rank order of binding affinity of these d1-binding sites is (+)sch23390 > skf83566 > (-)sch23390 > domperidone > ly171 ... | 1993 | 8102094 |
| purification and characterization of p68/70, regeneration-associated proteins from goldfish brain. | two acidic proteins (p68/70) previously shown to be associated with regeneration of the goldfish optic nerve were purified 887-fold from brain homogenates of carassius auratus. purification to homogeneity was achieved by sequential chromatography of a 100,000 g brain supernatant fraction on deae-sephacel, cu(2+)-charged iminodiacetic acid agarose, and gel filtration. the stokes radius of the doublet was determined to be 5.8 nm, and the sedimentation coefficient calculated to be 5.2. from these v ... | 1994 | 8113803 |
| spread of the bacterial fish pathogen aeromonas salmonicida after importation of infected goldfish, carassius auratus, into australia. | 1993 | 8117214 | |
| regional distribution and in vitro secretion of salmon and chicken-ii gonadotropin-releasing hormones from the brain and pituitary of juvenile and adult goldfish, carassius auratus. | the content of salmon (sgnrh) and chicken-ii (cgnrh-ii) gonadotropin-releasing hormones was measured in discrete brain regions and pituitaries of juvenile and postspawning adult goldfish, using specific radioimmunoassays. in juveniles, the content of both peptides was low. sgnrh was the predominant form in telencephalon-preoptic area (t-poa) (sgnrh:cgnrh-ii ratio = 2.06 +/- 0.66) and diencephalon (dien) (sgnrh:cgnrh-ii ratio = 2.72 +/- 0.32), whereas cgnrh-ii was predominant in cerebellum-brain ... | 1994 | 8194738 |
| multiple loci for synapse protein snap-25 in the tetraploid goldfish. | the common goldfish carassius auratus is tetraploid and has 100 chromosomes. we describe here goldfish cdna clones for snap-25, a 200-amino-acid synaptosome-associated protein that has remained highly conserved during evolution. snap-25 occurs as a single-copy gene in mouse, chicken, and drosophila melanogaster. sequences of six distinct goldfish cdna clones and southern hybridizations show that the goldfish has three, or possibly four, snap-25 loci rather than two as expected. a gene duplicatio ... | 1993 | 8248151 |
| cloning and characterization of a truncated dopamine d1 receptor from goldfish retina: stimulation of cyclic amp production and calcium mobilization. | receptors for dopamine are present on horizontal cells of fish retina that are linked to the activation of adenylate cyclase. in the present study, the goldfish (carassius auratus) gene that encodes these receptors, referred to as gfd1, was isolated and analyzed. a single open reading frame within the gfd1 gene encodes a protein of 363 amino acids that is highly homologous with dopamine d1 receptors from rats and humans. interestingly, the carboxyl terminus of gfd1 lacks 80 amino acids that are ... | 1993 | 8264547 |
| the branching of insulin-like growth factor 1 and insulin: an immunohistochemical analysis during phylogeny. | the co-existence of insulin-like growth factor 1 (igf-1) with the classical islet hormones insulin (ins), glucagon (gluc), somatostatin (som) and pancreatic polypeptide (pp) in the endocrine pancreas of representative species of cyclostomes (myxine glutinosa), cartilaginous fish (raja clavata, squalus acanthias) and bony fish (cottus scorpius, carassius auratus, cyprinus carpio, anguilla anguilla) was studied by the use of monoclonal and polyclonal antisera and the double immunofluorescence tech ... | 1993 | 8265818 |
| a coccidian (apicomplexa: eimeriidae) with extracytoplasmally located stages in the kidney tubules of golden carp (carassius auratus gibelio l.) (cyprinidae). | numerous coccidian stages were found in the kidney tubules of the golden carp (carassius auratus gibelio). the merogonial and gamogonial stages were localized extracytoplasmally in the microvillous region of the epithelial cells. the host-parasite interface consisted of i) a large area where the parasite was separated from the host cytoplasm by the parasitophorous vacuole membrane only, and ii) a zone of multiple fusions of the host cell membrane investing the parasite to the neighbouring microv ... | 1993 | 8325562 |
| expansion of genes that encode mhc class i molecules in cyprinid fishes. | we have analyzed the genomic genes and the mrna that encode mhc class i molecules in cyprinid fishes, namely, the ginbuna crucian carp (carassius auratus langsdorfii) and the carp (cyprinus carpio). the presence of several distinct class i genes was revealed in the genome of cyprinid fishes, and distinct class i genes that are expressed in carp cells were identified. the sequences of the alpha 3 domain of these class i genes are relatively well conserved, whereas the sequences of the respective ... | 1993 | 8326125 |
| acoustic response properties of single units in the torus semicircularis of the goldfish, carassius auratus. | single units of the goldfish torus semicircularis (ts) were recorded in response to pure tones. response areas (ra) were obtained by recording the number of spikes evoked by tones in a range of frequencies and levels within the units' dynamic range. ras gave estimates of best sensitivity (bs), characteristic frequency (cf), most excitatory frequency at each level (bf), and q10db. peri-stimulus-time histograms (psth), interspike interval histograms (isih), and period histograms were obtained at v ... | 1993 | 8366473 |
| neuroanatomical substrate for the dorsal light response. i. differential afferent connections of the lateral lobe of the valvula cerebelli in goldfish (carassius auratus). | the afferent connections of the lateral lobe of the valvula cerebelli in goldfish were investigated by retrograde labeling with horseradish peroxidase (hrp). retrogradely labeled neurons were observed ipsilaterally in the lateral nucleus of the valvula and contralaterally in the inferior olivary nucleus after hrp injection into all parts of the lateral valvula. the valvulopetal projections from these nuclei were topographically arranged. after hrp injection confined to the rostral half of the la ... | 1993 | 8387162 |
| effects of experimentally induced hyperammonemia on glial fibrillary acidic protein (gfap) in the rhombencephalon of goldfish (carassius auratus l.). | this experimental study was made to know the effect of hyperammonemia on glial fibrillary acidic protein (gfap) in the glial cells of posterior rhombencephalon in the goldfish (carassius auratus l.). hyperammonemia was induced by elevating the ammonia concentration in the tank water to 0.88 mm with ammonium chloride; the ammonia level in the control tank water was < 0.1 mm. the gfap levels were measured at 8, 16, 30, 60, 90 and 120 days. gfap was quantified with a digital analysis system and a t ... | 1993 | 8387165 |
| electrically fused-egg induction and its development in the goldfish, carassius auratus. | in this study, we report the induction of cell fusion between two fertilized eggs and viable chimeric fish from the fused egg in goldfish. chemical fusion by polyethylene glycol between denuded fertilized egg induced egg adhesion but rarely egg fusion. this treatment seemed not suitable for egg fusion, because of tight adhesion between vitelline membrane and surrounding matrix. electrically fertilized egg fusion was successfully induced at the rate of almost 100% under conditions of 400v/cm, 1 m ... | 1993 | 8398675 |
| in vitro characterization of gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonists in goldfish, carassius auratus. | the two native forms of gnrh, salmon gnrh and chicken gnrh-ii, in the brain and pituitary of goldfish are both active in stimulating gonadotropin-ii (gth-ii) and gh release. the objective of the present study was to characterize gnrh antagonists for their ability to inhibit sgnrh- and cgnrh-ii-induced gth-ii and gh release in goldfish using a pituitary fragments perifusion system. contrary to expectations, putative gnrh antagonists with d-arg6 stimulated gth-ii and gh release in nearly all cases ... | 1993 | 8404604 |
| prostaglandin-induced female spawning behavior in goldfish (carassius auratus) appears independent of ovarian influence. | this study was conducted to determine whether prostaglandin f2 alpha (pgf)-induced spawning behavior in female goldfish (carassius auratus) is influenced by sex steroids or by the stage of ovarian development (assessed by gonadosomatic index (gsi), ovary weight expressed as a percentage of body weight). in two groups of intact females with gsi values ranging from 0.2 to 16.6% (experiment 1) and 0.6 to 12.7% (experiment 5), respectively, there was a significant positive correlation between pgf-in ... | 1993 | 8440516 |
| goldfish calcitonin: purification, characterization, and hypocalcemic potency. | a novel teleost calcitonin was isolated from the goldfish, carassius auratus, and its amino acid sequence was determined to be h-cys-ser-ser-leu-ser-thr-cys-val-leu-gly- lys-leu-ser-gln-glu-leu-his-lys-leu-gln-thr-tyr-pro-arg-thr-asn-val-gly- ala-gly-thr-pro-nh2. the structure of goldfish calcitonin (gct) was similar to that of salmon calcitonin (sct) but differed from the latter at positions 3, 27, and 29. the hypocalcemic activity of gct was estimated to be 3,470 iu/mg by the standardized rat ... | 1993 | 8454163 |
| segmental arrangement of reticulospinal neurons in the goldfish hindbrain. | the hindbrain is evolutionarily conserved among diverse vertebrate phyla. in vertebrate embryos, the hindbrain is segmentally organized as a series of overt swellings known as rhombomeres. in the larval zebrafish brachydanio rerio, conspicuous and identifiable reticulospinal neurons are positioned in the center of rhombomeres. segmentally homologous reticulospinal neurons that share a range of morphological, developmental, and biochemical features occupy adjacent rhombomeres. we have recently sh ... | 1993 | 8454739 |
| the depth profile of electrically induced tectal sustained potential shift responses in the goldfish (carassius auratus). | tectal sustained potential shifts (spss) were recorded in response to electrical stimulation of the tectal surface in immobilized goldfish using saline-filled glass microelectrodes. the peak amplitudes of surface recorded sps responses were negative, this negativity declining with increasing tectal depth, reversing in polarity at a depth of ca. 350 microns and subsequently increasing in positivity. these opposing sps polarities are attributed to field potentials generated by the source and sink ... | 1993 | 8476383 |
| molecular and cellular physiology of aromatase in the brain and retina. | due to exceptionally high brain aromatase activity, teleost fish are advantageous for studying neural aromatase regulation, localization, and physiology. to determine the molecular mechanism of enhanced expression, we have isolated, cloned and sequenced a 3 kb full-length aromatase cdna from a goldfish (carassius auratus) brain library using a human placental aromatase cdna as probe. the deduced sequence of goldfish aromatase is 510 amino acids (predicted mw, 58 kda) with 69% overall sequence si ... | 1993 | 8476767 |
| somatostatin-, vasoactive intestinal peptide-, and granulin-like peptides isolated from intestinal extracts of goldfish, carassius auratus. | three new peptides were originally isolated from intestinal extracts of goldfish. they were structurally related with somatostatin, vasoactive intestinal peptide (vip), and granulin (grn) and thus termed goldfish somatostatin (gss-28), gvip, and ggrn, respectively. the primary structures of these peptides were determined as: svessnhlpa 10rerkagcknf20ywkgftsc for the gss-28; hsdavftdny10sryrkqmaak20kylnsvla-nh2 for the gvip, and vihcdsstic10 pdgttcclsp20ygvwyccpfs30mgqccrdgih40ccrhgyhcds50tsthclr ... | 1995 | 8536941 |
| isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci in the goldfish carassius auratus. | 1995 | 8564014 | |
| central projections from the goldfish pineal organ traced by hrp-immunocytochemistry. | pineal efferent projections have been traced in the brain of the goldfish (carassius auratus) by administration of a concentrated solution of horseradish peroxidase onto the pineal organ. after different survival times, fish were sacrificed and the administered peroxidase was revealed by immunocytochemistry on paraffin sections using an anti-horseradish peroxidase antiserum. immunoreactive fibres were seen in the anterior hypothalamus, habenula, dorsal thalamus, ventral thalamus, optic tectum, t ... | 1995 | 8574005 |
| application of homonuclear decoupling to measures of diffusion in biological 31p spin echo spectra. | pulsed field gradient (pfg) spin echo 31p nmr can be used to measure diffusion coefficients of phosphorus-containing metabolites in vivo. in biological spin echo spectra, the atp resonances are phase modulated by j-coupling between the three phosphorus atoms. this phase modulation may severely decrease the apparent signal intensity of the atp peaks. in this paper, we describe the use of homonuclear decoupling during spin evolution to suppress the effects of j-coupling in biological spin echo spe ... | 1995 | 8579998 |
| demonstration of the second intermediate hosts of clinostomum complanatum in korea. | a species of metacercariae recovered from the fresh-water fish, collected from kaumji (pond), kaechonji (pond) and ssanggyechon (river). uisong-gun, kyongsangbuk-do, korea, was identified as clinostomum complanatum by morphological observation and experimental infection to chicks. the excysted metacercariae, tongue-shaped and progenetic, were 3.28-4.27 mm in length and 0.94-1.46 mm in width. the adult flukes recovered from the chicks four days after infection were 4.20-4.86 mm long and 1.14-1.49 ... | 1995 | 8591008 |
| dendritic morphology of neurons in sympathetic ganglia of the goldfish, carassius auratus. | we used intracellular dye injection to examine the dendritic morphology of postganglionic neurons in the coeliac ganglion of goldfish. about 80% of the neurons had at least one dendrite, with the mean number of dendrites per cell being 7.8 +/- 5.5 (+/- sd, n = 37 cells). dendrites varied in length from a few microns to more than 400 microns. around 37% of the neurons possessed axon collateral in addition to dendrites. these results show that postganglionic sympathetic neurons of goldfish can hav ... | 1995 | 8592648 |
| perception of spectrally and temporally complex sounds by the goldfish (carassius auratus). | behavioral studies on complex sound perception in goldfish were carried out in order to help determine what, if any, differences exist between the sense of hearing of fishes and other vertebrates. a stimulus generalization paradigm was used with classical conditioning in three experiments to determine: (1) the perceptual relations between a pure tone and harmonic complexes having a fundamental frequency equal to that of the tone; (2) the combined effects on perception of pulse repetition rate an ... | 1995 | 8600120 |
| kinetic analysis of the swimming behavior of the goldfish, carassius auratus, exposed to nickel: hypoactivity induced by sublethal concentrations. | 1995 | 8601075 | |
| nitric oxide synthase in the peripheral nervous system of the goldfish, carassius auratus. | neuronal nitric oxide synthase was located in various organs of the goldfish by nadph-diaphorase histochemistry and immunohistochemistry. positive cells were detected throughout the digestive tract. a particularly dense plexus of nitric-oxide-synthase-containing fibers was present at the opening of the pneumatic duct into the esophagus and at the intestinal sphincter separating the esophagus and the intestinal bulb. the nitroxergic innervation was mainly confined to the muscularis. the muscular ... | 1996 | 8601299 |
| temporal expression of rod and cone opsins in embryonic goldfish retina predicts the spatial organization of the cone mosaic. | cone photoreceptors in teleost fish retina are organized into a precise, crystalline mosaic in which the four spectral subtypes have a consistent position relative to each other. the objective of the current study was to describe the spatial and temporal progression of photoreceptor differentiation in the embryonic goldfish retina to understand how the retinal cone mosaic might be produced. | 1996 | 8603841 |
| isolation and characterization of two distinct growth hormone cdnas from the goldfish, carassius auratus. | as a first step toward the development of a ribonuclease protection assay for studying the regulation of growth hormone (gh) gene expression in pituitary cells of the goldfish, carassius auratus, we report the isolation of two cdna clones encoding goldfish gh from a cdna library prepared from pituitary poly(a)+ rna. the complete nucleotide sequences of these two gh cdna clones have been determined and both of them were predicted to encode a polypeptide of 210 amino acids (aa) including a putativ ... | 1996 | 8651695 |
| taurine efflux is a cell volume regulatory process in proximal renal tubules from the teleost carassius auratus. | the potential role of taurine transport associated with volume regulation in renal tissue and isolated proximal renal tubules was studied in the teleost carassius auratus (goldfish). the cellular taurine content in renal tissue fragments incubated in isosmotic solution (290 mosm) (7.8 +/- 0.9 (sd) micromol g wet wt(-1)) decreased by 60% following exposure to hyposmotic medium (100 mosm). the rate coefficient for [14c]taurine efflux in renal tissue and in isolated proximal renal tubules was stron ... | 1995 | 8669295 |
| immunocytochemical and biochemical evidence for aromatase in neurons of the retina, optic tectum and retinotectal pathways in goldfish. | using an animal model in which neural aromatase is apparently overexpressed (the goldfish, carassius auratus) and an anti-human placental antibody which specifically crossreacts with goldfish brain aromatase, aromatase-immunoreactive neuronal cell bodies and fibers have been localized within the retina. these include a subset of horizontal cells, bipolar cells, and amacrine cells of the inner nuclear layer, some fibers of the outer and inner synaptic layers and certain cells of the ganglion cell ... | 1993 | 8680435 |
| connections of octaval and lateral line nuclei of the medulla in the goldfish, including the cytoarchitecture of the secondary octaval population in goldfish and catfish. | cytoarchitectural analyses combined with injections of the tracer horseradish peroxidase in various structures in the brain of the goldfish, carassius auratus, have defined some of the major components of acoustic and lateral line mechanosensory circuits between the medulla and midbrain. the main acoustic receptor in carassius, the saccule, is known to provide a major input to the dorsomedial zone of the descending octaval nucleus. the dorsomedial zone in turn projects bilaterally to the seconda ... | 1996 | 8680846 |
| correlation between biochemical parameters and susceptibility of freshwater fish to malathion. | acute toxicity (96-h lc50) of malathion was tested using five species of freshwater fish, namely, topmouth gudgeon (pseudorasbora parva), goldfish (carassius auratus), nile tilapia (tilapia nilotica), mosquitofish (gambusia affinis), and rainbow trout (salmo gairdneri). correlation was found between susceptibility and biochemical parameters such as activity of brain acetylcholinesterase (ache) and in vitro resistance of the enzyme to inhibition (ic50) of malaoxon (a major metabolite of malathion ... | 1996 | 8691510 |
| similar localization of immunoreactive glutamate and aspartate in the pineal organ and retina of various nonmammalian vertebrates. | the localization of immunoreactive glutamate and aspartate was compared in the pineal organ and retina of various vertebrates (raja clavata, carassius auratus, salvelinus alpinus, triturus vulgaris, triturus cristatus, lacerta muralis, lacerta agilis, lacerta viridis, columbia livia and white leghorn chicken) by postembedding immunoelectron microscopy. immunoreaction of both excitatory amino acids was detected in the pinealocytes in a localization similar to that of retinal photoreceptors. the r ... | 1995 | 8714767 |
| hair cell heterogeneity in the goldfish saccule. | a set of cytological studies performed in the utricle and saccule of astronotus ocellatus (teleostei, percomorphi, cichlidae) identified two basic types of hair cells and others with some intermediate characteristics. this paper reports on applying the same techniques to the saccule of carassius auratus (teleostei, otophysi, cyprinidae) and demonstrates similar types of hair cells to those found in astronotus. since carassius and astronotus are species of extreme taxonomic distance within the eu ... | 1995 | 8719757 |
| reinforcing properties of the substance p c-fragment analog dime-c7 in carassius auratus. | the aim of the present study was to investigate whether two substance p (sp) fragments have reinforcing effects in carassius auratus when the fish were tested in a place-preference experimental model. fish were placed in a 3-compartment box in which one compartment gives access to two others that are not connected. the time spent in each compartment was recorded for 10 min in order to determine which one was preferred. twenty-four hours later the fish were given one of the following ip treatment ... | 1996 | 8736114 |
| [serogroups, virulence and hemolytic activity of aeromon as hydrophila which caused fish bacterial septicaemia]. | a new infected disease called bacterial septicaemia occurred in cyprinid fish throughout china during 1989-1992. a. hydrophila was known as the most important pathogen of this harmful disease. thirty-three strains of a. hydrophila, most isolated from moribund fishes, were serogrouped by tube-agglutination with rabbit antisera. most of the isolates could be grouped into two serotypes, tps-30 and pbjs-76. these two groups could be found not only in zhejiang province but in other province in south ... | 1995 | 8745552 |
| studies on multilocus fingerprints, rapd markers, and mitochondrial dna of a gynogenetic fish (carassius auratus gibelio). | 1995 | 8748455 | |
| incorporation of bromodeoxyuridine in regenerating fin tissue of the goldfish carassius auratus. | we have investigated the pattern of incorporation of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine-5'-monophosphate (brdu) by proliferating cells during regeneration of the tail fin of carassius auratus. fifteen days after amputation, intraperitoneal injection of a single dose of 0.25 mg/g wet weight of brdu and subsequent immunocytochemical detection on sections revealed groups of replicating cells in the blastema and epidermis at different proximodistal levels. proliferating blastemal cells were confined to a crowd ... | 1996 | 8759927 |
| behavioral detection of acoustic particle motion by a teleost fish (astronotus ocellatus): sensitivity and directionality. | behavioral detection thresholds for oscars (astronotus ocellatus) were measured in response to linear, oscillatory motion at 100 hz along seven axes (-90 degrees, -60 degrees, -30 degrees, 0 degree, +30 degrees, and +60 degrees in azimuth, where 0 degree is the fish longitudinal axis; and the vertical axis) using a cardiac classical conditioning paradigm. thresholds at all selected axes ranged from -58 to -56 db re: 1 micron, which corresponds to 1.2 to 1.6 nm displacement (rms). thus, oscars ap ... | 1996 | 8765559 |
| influence of forskolin and carbachol on intestinal absorption of horseradish peroxidase in the goldfish (carassius auratus). | the transepithelial route for mucosa-to-serosa transport of the tracer macromolecule horseradish peroxidase (hrp; mw 40 kda) and modulation of this transport by forskolin and carbachol have been studied in vi-tro in stripped goldfish intestinal epithelium mounted in ussing-type chambers. uptake and transport have been investigated by measuring the hrp flux from the muco-sal to serosal sides by an enzymatic method and by visualising hrp reaction products in the mucosa with electron-microscopical ... | 1996 | 8766857 |
| involvement of extracellular sodium in agonist-induced gonadotropin release from goldfish (carassius auratus) gonadotrophs. | in goldfish, gonadotropin (gth-ii) responses to the two endogenous gnrhs, salmon-gnrh and chicken-gnrh-ii, are mediated by activation of protein kinase c (pkc) and voltage-sensitive ca2+ channels. in this study, we investigated the role of extracellular na+, voltage-dependent na+ channels, and the plasma membrane na+/h+ exchanger in mediating gnrh-stimulated gth-ii release from dispersed goldfish pituitary cells. perifusion with na+-depleted medium reduced the gth-ii response to both gnrhs and t ... | 1996 | 8770907 |
| biplexiform ganglion cells, characterized by dendrites in both outer and inner plexiform layers, are regular, mosaic-forming elements of teleost fish retinae. | biplexiform ganglion cells were labelled by retrograde transport of hrp in five species of marine fish from the neoteleost acanthopterygian orders perciformes and scorpaeniformes. their forms and spatial distributions were studied in retinal flatmounts and thick sections. biplexiform ganglion cells possessed sparsely branched, often varicose, dendrites that ramified through the inner nuclear layer (inl) to reach the outer plexiform layer (opl), as well as conventional arborizations in the most s ... | 2006 | 8782379 |
| sexual dimorphism of galanin-like immunoreactivity in the brain and pituitary of goldfish, carassius auratus. | a sexually dimorphic distribution of galanin (gal)-like immunoreactive (ir) neurons and fibers was found in the brain and pituitary of goldfish. the rostralmost gal-ir perikarya were found in the area ventralis telencephali pars supracommissuralis dorsal to the anterior commissure. in the diencephalon, there was several gal-ir perikarya in the nucleus preopticus periventricularis (npp). males had many gal-ir perikarya in the nucleus preopticus pars parvocellularis (npopp) and isolated gal-ir per ... | 1996 | 8783041 |
| characterization of the rfamide-like neuropeptides in the nervus terminalis of the goldfish (carassius auratus). | fmrfamide-immunoreactivity has been demonstrated in the cns of many vertebrate species. we sought to further characterize this immunoreactivity in nervus terminalis retinal efferents of the goldfish using an antiserum raised against a bovine morphine modulating peptide (a18famide). this antiserum robustly labels nervus terminalis efferents to the retina, as well as a sub-population of retinal amacrine cells. under immunocytochemical conditions the antiserum cross-reacted with neuropeptide y-like ... | 1996 | 8795069 |
| outdoor experimental ponds (mesocosms) designed for long-term ecotoxicological studies in aquatic environment. | outdoor artificial ponds (mesocosms) of 12 m3 were designed for long-term ecotoxicological studies. sediment, macrophytes (typha angustifolia and elodea canadensis), and free and caged freshwater snails [lymnaea palustris (müller)] and wood lice (asellus aquaticus l.) were collected in nearby natural ecosystems and introduced in the mesocosms. sixty goldfish (carassius auratus l.) were caged in each pond. introduced species developed and reproduced in every mesocosm. animal species (mainly insec ... | 1996 | 8812177 |
| in vitro effects of gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane on in vitro biosynthesis and metabolism of steroids in goldfish carassius auratus. | testicular and ovarian fragments of carassius auratus, taken during the reproductively active prespawning phase (june) of its annual reproductive cycle, were incubated with different concentrations (0 mg/ml, 0 ppm; 0.001 mg/ml, 1 ppm; 0.01 mg/ml, 10 ppm; and 0.02 mg/ml, 20 ppm) of gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane (gamma-hch) in the presence of either exogenous precursor [3h]-17-hydroxyprogesterone ([3h]17-p) or carp hypophyseal homogenate. the free (unconjugated) and conjugated metabolites (glucuroni ... | 1996 | 8812183 |
| classification and host specificity of metagonimus spp. from korean freshwater fish. | taxonomic problems of metagonimus spp. in korea were investigated. metacercariae of various freshwater fish species -- plecoglossus altivelis, carassius auratus, zacco platypus, zacco temmincki, opsariichthys bidens -- were collected from different localities in korea and experimentally fed to golden hamsters. observation of recovered adult worms showed that plecoglossus altivelis was infected with metacercariae of both m. yokogawai and m. takahashii. c. auratus was infected with metacercariae o ... | 1996 | 8820736 |
| the zebrafish brain: a neuroanatomical comparison with the goldfish. | the zebrafish danio rerio is an important model system for genetic and developmental studies of the vertebrate central nervous system. considerable knowledge concerning the embryonic development of the central nervous system of the zebrafish has accumulated in recent years. however, there is an apparent lack of information on the organization of the adult zebrafish brain. we have therefore recently studied in detail the neuroanatomy of the adult zebrafish. here we compare the brains of the zebra ... | 1996 | 8827327 |
| novel afferent terminal structure in the crista ampullaris of the goldfish, carassius auratus. | using transmission electron microscopy, we have identified a new type of afferent terminal structure in the crista ampullaris of the goldfish carassius auratus. in addition to the bouton-type afferent terminals previously described in the ear of this species, the crista also contained enlarged afferent terminals that enveloped a portion of the basolateral hair cell membrane. the hair cell membrane was evaginated and protruded into the afferent terminal in a glove-and-finger configuration. the me ... | 1996 | 8833110 |
| demand feeding and locomotor circadian rhythms in the goldfish, carassius auratus: dual and independent phasing. | in contrast to the common diurnal and nocturnal ways of life, some fish species have been shown to have a dual phasing behaviour. therefore, the daily pattern of behaviour is not always rigidly confined to the light or dark phase and a diurnal fish may become nocturnal and vice versa. in the present study, the locomotor and feeding activities of single goldfish were simultaneously investigated to examine the existence of such dual behaviour. nineteen goldfish weighing 97.2 g on average were plac ... | 1996 | 8840933 |
| protection against heavy metal toxicity by mucus and scales in fish. | fingerlings of three freshwater fish showed differences in susceptibility to lethality of 250 mg/l lead suspension or lead nitrate solution in water. among these, the largemouth bass (micropterus salmoides) was more tolerant than green sunfish (lepomis cyanellus) and goldfish (carassius auratus). the addition of mucus from largemouth bass, when added to jars containing lead, increased the lt-50 value (time to kill 50% of fingerling exposed to 250 mg/l lead) in green sunfish and goldfish. however ... | 1996 | 8854966 |
| vip-like immunoreactive cells in the kidney of goldfish (carassius auratus). | by immunohistochemistry vip-like immunoreactive cells were observed in the second segment of some renal proximal tubules of carassius auratus. immunoreactivity displayed a granular appearance all over the cells. vip-like immunoreactive cells showed a shape of an over-turned flask whose globe-like part looks like the tubular lumen. no immunoreactive material was observed in other tracts of the nephron and in the interstitial cells. the presence of vip-like immunoreactive cells is discussed in rel ... | 1996 | 8860306 |
| a partial sequence for nitric oxide synthase from a goldfish (carassius auratus) macrophage cell line. | expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos) mrna was detected in a recently developed goldfish macrophage cell line by rt-pcr, using degenerate primers designed against conserved nucleotide motifs within the different mammalian isoforms of nos. increased expression of inos poststimulation with lps was found, and suggests that it is a functional enzyme in goldfish macrophages, supporting the view that inos regulation is pretranslational. the nucleotide sequence translated in one reading ... | 1996 | 8872189 |
| the role of torus longitudinalis in equilibrium orientation measured with the dorsal light reflex. | the torus longitudinalis (tl) is a paired elongated structure reciprocally connected with the optic tectum in actinopterygian fishes. electrophysiological recordings have revealed a sustained neural discharge in tl inversely related to luminance [northmore, 1984]. this photometric response may play a role in the comparison of light levels between the two eyes, which must occur for the dorsal light reflex (dlr) to orient the body in the environment. based on the luminance response of tl, it was h ... | 1996 | 8872316 |
| hierarchical sensory guidance of mauthner-mediated escape responses in goldfish (carassius auratus) and cichlids (haplochromis burtoni). | acoustically-evoked escape behaviors were compared between goldfish (carassius auratus), a hearing specialist, and the cichlid haplochromis burtoni, a hearing nonspecialist. fish were startled with compressive and rarefying, stimuli presented alone or together, and with compressive pulses preceded by a visual cue or after exposure to cobalt, an inhibitor of lateral line-innervated neuromast hair cells. these acoustic startle stimuli can evoke mauthner neuron firing and are similar to but weaker ... | 1996 | 8872319 |
| circadian rhythms of locomotor activity in the goldfish carassius auratus. | locomotor activities in the goldfish carassius auratus were recorded under light-dark (ld) and constant light regimens. under ld 12:12, all goldfish adjusted to given ld cycles. activity patterns were classified into three types: l-type activity during the photophase (83%), ld-type activity both during the photophase and the scotophase (10%), and d-type activity during the scotophase (7%). however, these patterns were not fixed, but flexible. under constant conditions, goldfish exhibited circadi ... | 1996 | 8873250 |
| cytoarchitecture of the medial octavolateralis nucleus in the goldfish, carassius auratus. | the medial octavolateralis nucleus (mon) is the principal first-order medullary lateral line sensory nucleus found in the majority of anamniotic vertebrates. although its presence has been confirmed in numerous taxa, the cytoarchitecture of this region has not been extensively studied in any species. the purpose of this study was to examine in detail the cytoarchitecture of the mon in the goldfish using golgi staining and hrp histochemical techniques. the results of this study demonstrated the p ... | 1996 | 8907363 |
| direct effects of 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine and 3,5-diiodothyronine on mitochondrial metabolism in the goldfish carassius auratus. | direct effects of 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (t3) and 3,5-diiodothyronine (t2) on the metabolism of the goldfish (carassius auratus) were assessed using mitochondria isolated from liver and red muscle. following a 5-min incubation with either t3 or t2, the oxidation rates of substrates involved in amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism and lipid catabolism were measured. state 3 oxidation of pyruvate was significantly higher for liver mitochondria treated with t2 and for red muscle mitochondria inc ... | 1996 | 8921356 |
| cell proliferation and hair cell addition in the ear of the goldfish, carassius auratus. | cell proliferation and hair cell addition have not been studied in the ears of otophysan fish, a group of species who have specialized hearing capabilities. in this study we used the mitotic s-phase marker bromodeoxyuridine (brdu) to identify proliferating cells in the ear of one otophysan species, carassius auratus (the goldfish). animals were sacrificed at 3 h or 5 days postinjection with brdu and processed for immunocytochemistry. the results of the study show that cell proliferation occurs i ... | 1996 | 8922975 |
| epidermal growth factor receptor binding and biological activity in the ovary of goldfish, carassius auratus. | the receptor binding and biological activity of epidermal growth factor-urogastrone (egf) was characterized in the follicle-enclosed goldfish oocyte. the binding of 125i-labeled mouse egf (megf) to goldfish ovarian membrane preparation was peptide specific, saturable, reversible, and dependent on time and tissue concentration. binding data analysis indicated the presence of a single class of high-affinity binding sites with an estimated equilibrium dissociation constant of 4.4 +/- 1.8 x 10(-10) ... | 1996 | 8928907 |
| growth hormone-releasing hormone immunoreactivity in the brain, pituitary, and pineal of the goldfish, carassius auratus. | using antisera directed against carp growth hormone-releasing hormone (cghrh), the distribution of immunoreactive (ir) structures in the brain, pituitary, and pineal of the goldfish, carassius auratus, was investigated. the antisera were produced in rabbits by administration of cghrh(1-44)-nh(2) followed by cghrh(1-45)-oh for different periods of time, both coupled to human alpha-globulins via bisdiazotized benzidine as immunogen. immunoreactive perikarya were visualized in the nucleus preopticu ... | 1996 | 8998965 |
| molecular evolution of vertebrate vip receptors and functional characterization of a vip receptor from goldfish carassius auratus. | vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (vip) is a neuropeptide that has numerous physiological actions and is widely distributed in the body. however, as yet, there is no sequence information about vip receptors in lower vertebrates. partial cdna fragments spanning transmembrane domains 2 to 6 of vip receptors were isolated from six nonmammalian vertebrate species, including chicken, pigeon, frog, lizard, salmon, and goldfish. sequence comparison of these receptors revealed essential structural motif ... | 1997 | 9038250 |
| a steroidal pheromone and spawning stimuli act via different neuroendocrine mechanisms to increase gonadotropin and milt volume in male goldfish carassius auratus. | in goldfish (carassius auratus), pheromonal 17alpha, 20beta-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17,20beta-p) and spawning stimuli (interaction with a sexually active female releasing prostaglandin pheromone) both increase gonadotropin-ii (gth-ii) and milt volume. in the goldfish pituitary, gth-ii release is stimulated by gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh) and inhibited by dopamine (da). in this study, we investigated the possibility that 17,20beta-p and spawning stimuli act via separate neuroendocrine ... | 1997 | 9038255 |
| molecular cloning of cdna encoding two types of pituitary gonadotropin alpha subunit from the goldfish, carassius auratus. | two types of cdna encoding the alpha subunit of pituitary gonadotropin (gth) were cloned by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for goldfish pituitary cdna library. the goldfish gth-alpha subunit cdnas, designated as alpha 1 and alpha 2, encode 117 and 118 amino acids, respectively, including a 23-amino-acid signal peptide. these two types of cdnas showed high homology in nucleotide and amino acid sequence, but deletion of a triplet nucleotides was present in alpha 1. deduced amino acid sequences re ... | 1997 | 9073499 |
| molecular cloning of the cdnas encoding two gonadotropin beta subunits (gth-i beta and -ii beta) from the goldfish, carassius auratus. | two types of cdnas (gth-i beta and -ii beta) that encode the beta subunit of goldfish gonadotropin were cloned from a goldfish pituitary cdna library. the nucleotide sequence of gth-i beta cdna was 616 bp long, encoding 130 amino acids, and that of gth-ii beta was 552 bp long, encoding 140 amino acids. these two types of goldfish gth beta subunits showed an identity of 52% in the nucleotide sequence and 38% in the amino acid sequence. when compared to mammalian gth beta subunits, goldfish gth-i ... | 1997 | 9073500 |
| the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and ascorbic acid content in the liver of goldfish (carassius auratus gibelio bloch.) exposed to cadmium. | the goldfish (carassius auratus gibelio bloch.) were exposed to cadmium in the concentration of 20 mg cd/l water under aquarium conditions for 1, 4, 7 and 15 days. after exposure to cadmium, the activities of superoxide dismutase (sod) and catalase (cat) were significantly decreased. at the same time, the liver ascorbic acid (asa) content was increased. | 1996 | 9085381 |
| development of a cell line from skin of goldfish, carassius auratus, and effects of ascorbic acid on collagen deposition. | growth characteristics and collagen expression were investigated in gfsk-s1, a cell line derived from the skin of an adult goldfish (carassius auratus). these cells are anchorage dependent, grow well in leibovitz-15 medium with 10% fetal bovine serum, and have been subcultured routinely for 5 years. cells at various passages have been successfully cryopreserved and thawed. gfsk-s1 cells show mainly a fibroblastic morphology at low density, but at confluence islands of epithelial-shaped cells app ... | 1997 | 9088943 |
| exocytotic release of vasoative intestinal polypeptide and serotonin from mucosal nerve fibres and endocrine cells of the intestine of the goldfish (carassius auratus) and the tilapia (oreochromis mossambicus): an ultrastructural study. | in earlier studies were determined the effect, presence and ultrastructure of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (vip) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-ht)-containing nerve fibres in the tilapia and goldfish intestinal mucosa. 5-ht-labelled varicosities were found close to the epithelial cells; however, synaptic membrane specializations have never been observed. vip-like immunoreactive nerve fibres appear to be located less frequently close to the goldfish epithelium, as in the tilapia intestine, in wh ... | 1997 | 9088944 |
| ocular melatonin rhythms in the goldfish, carassius auratus. | ocular melatonin rhythms in the goldfish were studied and compared to those in the pineal organ and plasma. under light:dark (ld) of 12 h light:12 h dark, melatonin contents in the eye as well as the pineal organ and plasma exhibited clear day-night changes with higher levels at mid-dark than at mid-light. however, melatonin contents in the eye at mid-light and mid-dark were approximately 100 and 9 times greater than those in the pineal organ, respectively. day-night changes of ocular melatonin ... | 1997 | 9090571 |
| substance p facilitates memory in goldfish in an appetitively motivated learning task. | the aim of this study was to investigate if the neuropeptide substance p (sp) can improve learning and memory in goldfish (carassius auratus). four groups of fish were trained for seven days to find food in one out of two compartments until discrimination was achieved. on the last training day, they were injected (intra-abdominal) with haloperidol or vehicle before the training, and with sp or vehicle immediately after the training session. each group of fish received either: (1) vehicle+vehicle ... | 1997 | 9095345 |
| genomic structure and sequence of the pufferfish (fugu rubripes) growth hormone-encoding gene: a comparative analysis of teleost growth hormone genes. | a nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr) technique for amplifying a fragment of the gene (gh) encoding teleost growth hormone has been developed. using this technique, a fragment of the pufferfish, fugu rubripes and arothron maculatus, dwarf gourami, colisa lalia; guppy, poecilia reticulata; and goldfish, carassius auratus gh genes were cloned. the fugu rubripes (fugu) gene fragment was used to isolate the gh gene from a fugu genomic library. the complete nucleotide sequence of a 8.5-kb saci gen ... | 1997 | 9099882 |
| reaction-diffusion analysis of the effects of temperature on high-energy phosphate dynamics in goldfish skeletal muscle. | thermal acclimation results in dramatic changes in the fractional volume of mitochondria within skeletal muscle of teleost fish. we investigated the hypothesis that changes in mitochondrial volume represent a compensatory response to temperature-induced changes in intracellular diffusion coefficients (d) of the high-energy phosphate compounds atp and creatine phosphate (pcr). using 31p nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, we determined dpcr and datp in goldfish (carassius auratus) skeletal m ... | 1997 | 9104779 |
| effect of alpha-helical-crf[9-41] on feeding in goldfish: involvement of cortisol and catecholamines. | the anoretic effect of corticotropin-releasing factor (crf) was not dependent on adrenal activation in goldfish (carassius auratus). moreover, an interaction between crf and the hypothalamic catecholaminergic system in the central regulation of food intake was observed. the intracerebroventricular (icv) administration of crf increased cortisol levels and reduced food intake and hypothalamic norepinephrine and dopamine content at 2 hr postinjection, with these effects reversed by alpha-helical cr ... | 1997 | 9106678 |
| sequence of a cdna clone encoding a novel somatolactin in goldfish, carassius auratus. | as a first step towards the development of a sensitive ribonuclease protection assay to study the regulation of somatolactin (sl) mrna expression in pituitary cells of goldfish, we have isolated a complementary dna (cdna) clone encoding precursor sequence of sl from a cdna library prepared from goldfish pituitary poly(a)+ rna. the 843-bp goldfish sl (gfsl) cdna has an open reading frame of 693 nucleotides with two possible start codons of aug. amino acid sequence alignment revealed that gfsl has ... | 1997 | 9125164 |
| effects of telencephalic ablation on short-term memory and attention in goldfish. | two hypotheses regarding the functions of the teleost telencephalon (short-term memory and nonspecific arousal hypotheses) were examined by using a y-maze training paradigm. a delayed reinforcement method, which allowed the separation of choice process (a process in which choice responses are evoked) and reward process (a process in which choice responses are reinforced), showed that normal fish can acquire clear learned responses to choice stimuli under different stimulus conditions between the ... | 1997 | 9134154 |
| recombinant gilthead seabream (sparus aurata) insulin-like growth factor-i: subcloning, expression in escherichia coli, purification and characterization. | gilthead seabream (sparus aurata) insulin-like growth factor-i (gsigf-i) cdna coding for the mature protein was cloned in a pgem-3z vector, and then transferred into prokaryotic expression vector pet-11a and expressed in escherichia coli bl21(de3) cells upon induction with isopropyl thiogalactoside. the expressed protein contained within the inclusion-body pellet was solubilized in 4.5 m urea, refolded for 24 h at ph 11.3 in the presence of catalytic amounts of cysteine and purified to over 98% ... | 1997 | 9135579 |
| vasoactive intestinal polypeptide immunoreactive nerves in the gill arch of teleost fish, carassius auratus l. | the localization of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (vip)-immunoreactive (ir) nerve cell bodies and fibers has been studied in the gill arches of goldfish (carassius auratus, l.) using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (pap) immunohistochemical method. it was found that vip-ir nerve cell bodies are localized in connective tissue on the oral side of the gill arch; these cells were present as single cells, in couples or as small clusters. moreover, a dense network of vip-ir fibers was observed benea ... | 1997 | 9150792 |