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assessment of arsenic-induced dna damage in goldfish by a polymerase chain reaction-based technique using random amplified polymorphic dna markers.arsenic is a groundwater contaminant of global concern. it is a potent human carcinogen, and its marked genotoxic effects have been reported in several human and animal studies. the present work investigates the applicability of the random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) assay to study the dna-damaging effects of arsenic at low-level exposure in goldfish carassius auratus. four experimental groups of fish, a, b, c and d, were exposed to 0, 10, 50, and 1,000 µg l(-1) of arsenic, respectively, in ...201424965481
orexin a enhances locomotor activity and induces anxiogenic-like action in the goldfish, carassius auratus.orexin acts as an orexigenic factor for the regulation of appetite and rhythmicity in rodents. in goldfish, intracerebroventricular (icv) administration of orexin a has been shown to affect not only food intake, but also locomotor activity. however, as there is still no information regarding the effect of orexin a on emotional behavior in goldfish, we investigated the effect of orexin a on psychomotor activity in this species. intracerebroventricular administration of synthetic orexin a at 2 and ...201424937437
development of a rapid cyprinid herpesvirus 2 detection method by loop-mediated isothermal amplification.cyprinid herpesvirus 2 (cyhv2) is a pathogen that causes severe disease and high mortality in goldfish and prussian carp. we developed a six primer loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assay targeting the intercapsomeric triplex protein gene. cyhv-2 dna was 10-fold serially diluted (10(8)-10(0) copies μl(-1)) and was used as the template to determine primer sensitivity. lamp assays were performed with dna templates from other pathogens to determine specificity. the lamp assay had an une ...201424935791
leptin expression is rhythmic in brain and liver of goldfish (carassius auratus). role of feeding time.daily rhythms of feeding regulators are currently arousing research interest due to the relevance of the temporal harmony of endocrine regulators for growth and welfare in vertebrates. however, it is unknown the leptin circadian pattern in fish. the aim of this study is to investigate if leptin (glep-ai and glep-aii) expression is rhythmic in goldfish (carassius auratus) liver and brain, and if such rhythms are driven by feeding time through a food entrainable oscillator. fish maintained under 1 ...201424932715
tissue distribution, bioconcentration, metabolism, and effects of erythromycin in crucian carp (carassius auratus).in this study, the tissue distribution, bioconcentration, metabolism and biological effects of the macrolide antibiotic erythromycin (ery) were investigated in fish using crucian carp (carassius auratus) as a model. crucian carp were exposed to various concentrations of ery (4, 20, and 100 μg/l) for 28 days. the uplc/ms/ms analysis of both water and tissue provided the bioconcentration of ery and its metabolites in the fish body. the results from tissue samples showed that a maximum tissue conce ...201424911771
interval schedule performance in the goldfish carassius auratus.in experiment 1, five goldfish (carassius auratus) paddle-pressed on fixed-interval (fi) and variable-interval (vi) schedules for food pellet reinforcement. the order of conditions was fi 60 s, fi 240 s, fi 30 s, fi 60 s, and vi 60 s. fi responding showed a scalloped pattern and response-rate break points were proportional to interval duration. post-food wait times varied with interval duration, but were not proportional. response rate on vi was constant. experiment 2 studied the properties of f ...199924897536
immune responses to live and inactivated nocardia seriolae and protective effect of recombinant interferon gamma (rifn γ) against nocardiosis in ginbuna crucian carp, carassius auratus langsdorfii.looking into the fact that substantial mortality and morbidity is associated with intracellular gram +ve bacterium, nocardia seriolae infection, an effective vaccine against this pathogen is necessary to control the significant losses in aquaculture practices. therefore, an attempt was made to evaluate the effect of live (sub-lethal) and inactivated (antigenic form) n. seriolae on cellular and humoral immunity in ginbuna crucian carp, carassius auratus langsdorfii as well as the therapeutic pote ...201424882019
prevalence of clonorchis sinensis infection in freshwater fishes in northeastern china.the prevalence of clonorchis sinensis infection in freshwater fishes was surveyed in heilongjiang province, northeastern china, between august 2011 and september 2013. thirteen species of freshwater fish (n=3221) and one species of shrimp (n=93) were collected from songhua river, nenjiang river and other lakes or ponds in 37 sites of 15 representative cities in heilongjiang province. they were individually examined by digestion technique, and the c. sinensis metacercariae were identified morphol ...201424880648
histopathological characterization and fluorescence in situ hybridization of cyprinid herpesvirus 2 in cultured prussian carp, carassius auratus gibelio in china.cyprinid herpesvirus 2 (cyhv-2) is an emerging pathogen in the commercially exploited fish, prussian carp (carassius auratus gibelio), which has caused huge economic loss in china and appears to be spreading worldwide. in this article, cyhv-2 infection of prussian carp was confirmed for the first time by polymerase chain reaction (pcr), which gave positive results from the tissue samples dissected from moribund fish including kidney, spleen, liver, and gill. histological examination showed syste ...201424877901
the transcriptomes of the crucian carp complex (carassius auratus) provide insights into the distinction between unisexual triploids and sexual diploids.both sexual reproduction and unisexual reproduction are adaptive strategies for species survival and evolution. unisexual animals have originated largely by hybridization, which tends to elevate their heterozygosity. however, the extent of genetic diversity resulting from hybridization and the genomic differences that determine the type of reproduction are poorly understood. in carassius auratus, sexual diploids and unisexual triploids coexist. these two forms are similar morphologically but dif ...201424871367
molecular characterization and expression of cyp19a gene in carassius auratus.a cyp19a gene that contains nine exons and eight introns was identified from carassius auratus and was mainly expressed in the ovary. the cyp19a mrna level after hatching was initially low, but began to increase from 25 days after hatching. a number of cis-acting elements, such as the oestrogen receptor, steroidogenic factor 1 and sox-5 recognition sites, were found in the promoter of the cyp19 gene, which possesses a promoter function confirmed by a recombination green fluorescent protein check ...201424865234
a novel quinoline molecular probe and the derived functionalized gold nanoparticles: sensing properties and cytotoxicity studies in mcf-7 human breast cancer cells.a highly selective quinoline-based fluorescent sensor l was designed, prepared and used to monitor zinc ions in goldfish (carassius auratus) as model of vertebrate organism. modified gold nanoparticles having functional quinoline molecules (gnps@l) were also synthesized and their sensing properties towards different metal ions were also explored in solution, showing high selectively towards the toxic and heavy metal ion mercury. cell proliferation kit xtt that employs 2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro- ...201424861645
accumulation and toxicity of cuo and zno nanoparticles through waterborne and dietary exposure of goldfish (carassius auratus).dietary and waterborne exposure to copper oxide (cuo) and zinc oxide (zno) nanoparticles (nps) was conducted using a simplified model of an aquatic food chain consisting of zooplankton (artemia salina) and goldfish (carassius auratus) to determine bioaccumulation, toxic effects, and particle transport through trophic levels. artemia contaminated with nps were used as food in dietary exposure. fish were exposed to suspensions of the nps in waterborne exposure. icp-ms analysis showed that accumula ...201524860999
evolutionary history of two divergent dmrt1 genes reveals two rounds of polyploidy origins in gibel carp.polyploidy lineages, despite very rare in vertebrates, have been proposed to play significant role in speciation and evolutionary success, but the occurrence history and consequences are still largely unknown. in this study, we used the conserved dmrt1 to analyze polyploidy occurrence and evolutionary process in polyploid gibel carp. we identified two divergent dmrt1 genes and respectively localized the two genes on three homologous chromosomes. subsequently, the corresponding full-length cdnas ...201424859683
metal accumulation and antioxidant defenses in the freshwater fish carassius auratus in response to single and combined exposure to cadmium and hydroxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes.the effects of cadmium, hydroxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes, and their mixture on metal accumulation and antioxidant defenses were studied using the goldfish carassius auratus as the test organism. the fish were exposed to 0.1 mg/l cd, 0.5 mg/l oh-mwcnts, or 0.1 mg/l cd+0.5 mg/l oh-mwcnts for 3 and 12 days. then, the cd concentration was determined in the gill, liver and muscle. moreover, hepatic antioxidant enzyme activity (superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase), glut ...201424857893
role of oleoylethanolamide as a feeding regulator in goldfish.oleoylethanolamide (oea) is a bioactive lipid mediator, produced in the intestine and other tissues, which is involved in energy balance regulation in mammals, modulating feeding and lipid metabolism. the purpose of the present study was to investigate the presence and possible role of oea in feeding regulation in goldfish (carassius auratus). we assessed whether goldfish peripheral tissues and brain contain oea and their regulation by nutritional status. oea was detected in all studied tissues ...201424855680
inhibitory effects of β-endorphin on cortisol release from goldfish (carassius auratus) head kidney: an in vitro study.β-endorphin (β-end) is an endogenous opioid peptide derived from the common precursor proopiomelanocortin, together with adrenocorticotropic hormone (acth) and melanocyte-stimulating hormone (msh). although the roles of acth and msh in fish are well known, the roles of circulating β-end have not been elucidated. in the present study, we evaluated the biological roles of β-end in the goldfish. first, we cloned the cdnas of the delta opioid receptor (dor), kappa opioid receptor (kor), and mu opioi ...201424837496
partial cloning, tissue distribution and effects of epigallocatechin gallate on hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coa reductase mrna transcripts in goldfish (carassius auratus).epigallocatechin gallate (egcg), the major active component of the green tea, has recently been found to inhibit 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coa reductase (hmgcoar) activity in vitro and to modulate lipogenesis in vivo. in this study we have evaluated the effects of short-term in vivo exposure to egcg (6 μg g(-1) bw or 9 μg g(-1) bw) on hepatic hmgcoar gene expression of goldfish (carassius auratus). we initially characterized a partial sequence of goldfish hmgcoar suggesting that the obtained fr ...201424835314
sequence analysis and subcellular localization of crucian carp carassius auratus viperin.human viperin is known as an interferon (ifn)-inducible antiviral protein and localizes to endoplasmic reticulum (er) via its n-terminal amphipathic α-helix. little is known about subcellular localization of fish viperin. herein, we characterized subcellular localization of a fish viperin from crucian carp carassius auratus. crucian carp viperin is nearly identical to the other viperin proteins in sequence, with the exception of the first n-terminal 70 amino acids that are defined as n-terminal ...201424825429
the antidepressant tranylcypromine alters cellular proliferation and migration in the adult goldfish brain.the goldfish (carassius auratus) is a widely studied vertebrate model organism for studying cell proliferation in the adult brain, and provide the experimental advantage of growing their body and brain throughout their ∼30-year life time. cell proliferation occurs in the teleost brain in widespread proliferation zones. increased cell proliferation in the brain has been linked to the actions of certain antidepressants, including tranylcypromine (tcp), which is used in the treatment of depression. ...201424816924
protective role of oligomeric proanthocyanidin complex against hazardous nodularin-induced oxidative toxicity in carassius auratus lymphocytes.nodularin (nod) is a hazardous material widely detected in water blooms. fish immune cells are extremely vulnerable to nod-induced oxidative stress. oligomeric proanthocyanidin complex (opc), extracted from grapeseed, was used as an antioxidant to eliminate reactive oxygen species and prevent apoptotic effects. carassius auratus lymphocytes were treated with different concentrations (0, 10, 100, and 1,000 μg/l) of opc and a constant dose (100 μg/l) of nod for 12h in vitro. opc inhibited mitosis ...201424794815
bioaccumulation of microcystins (mcs) in four fish species from lake taihu, china: assessment of risks to humans.microcystins (mcs) are the toxic products of harmful algal blooms and they accumulate in fish. the accumulation of mcs in fish living in different trophic levels from different parts of lake taihu was determined. this information was then used to evaluate the risks posed by the mcs in fish to human health. the concentrations of three mcs, mc-lr, mc-yr and mc-rr, were quantified in the following four fish species: silver carp (hypophthalmichthys molitrix), bighead carp (aristichthys nobilis), cru ...201424784747
heme oxygenase-1 (ho-1) mediated respiratory responses to hypoxia in the goldfish, carassius auratus.in this study we investigated the role of heme oxygenase-1 (ho-1) in modulating the hypoxic and hyperoxic ventilatory responses of goldfish (carassius auratus) acclimated to 7 and 25°c. ho-1 was present in the neuroepithelial cells (necs; putative branchial o2 chemoreceptors) of fish acclimated to 7°c only. hypoxia exposure increased gill ho-1 activity in 7°c fish (14.0±1.4 to 42.5±3.2pmolbilirubinmin(-1)mgprotein(-1)). inhibition of ho-1 activity with zinc protophorphyrin ix (znppix) increased ...201424780551
control of breathing in in vitro brain stem preparation from goldfish (carassius auratus; linnaeus).in vitro brain stem preparations from goldfish (carassius auratus) were used to first determine whether this species possesses central chemoreceptors able to modulate respiratory activity. preparations were superfused with an artificial cerebrospinal fluid (acsf); fictive breathing was recorded extracellularly by placing a suction electrode on cranial nerve vii. reducing the level of o2 in the gas mixture used to bubble the acsf from a hyperoxic level (80% or 98.7% o2) to a relative hypoxic leve ...201424769710
developmental toxicity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in artificially fertilized crucian carp (carassius auratus) embryo.2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (tcdd) is a persistent bioaccumulative environmental contaminant that is an endocrine disruptor. embryos of various fish species are responsive to tcdd and have been used as an alternative method to the acute toxicity test with juvenile and adult fish. the tcdd test has similar endpoints of developmental toxicity. however, their sensitivity and signs of tcdd-induced toxicity are different depending on fish species and its habit. crucian carp (carassius auratus ...201424751158
an integrated approach combining chemical analysis and an in vivo bioassay to assess the estrogenic potency of a municipal solid waste landfill leachate in qingdao.various adverse effects related to landfill leachate have made leachates an important issue in past decades, and it has been demonstrated that landfill leachate is an important source of environmental estrogens. in this study, we employed chemical analysis of some already evaluated estrogenic substances, in combination with a bioassay using several specific biomarkers (e.g., plasma vitellogenin and sex steroids, enzyme activity of gonad gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, and gonadosomatic index) to ...201424743634
anti-oxidative defences are modulated differentially in three freshwater teleosts in response to ammonia-induced oxidative stress.oxidative stress and the antioxidant response induced by high environmental ammonia (hea) were investigated in the liver and gills of three freshwater teleosts differing in their sensitivities to ammonia. the highly ammonia-sensitive salmonid oncorhynchus mykiss (rainbow trout), the less ammonia sensitive cyprinid cyprinus carpio (common carp) and the highly ammonia-resistant cyprinid carassius auratus (goldfish) were exposed to 1 mm ammonia (as nh4hco3) for 0 h (control), 3 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, ...201424740135
the complete mitogenome of natural triploid carassius auratus in qihe river.qihe carassius auratus is the territorial carassius auratus, which is known as for its limited distribute in qihe river (mainly distributed in henan province, china), this species is natural triploid in china. in this study, the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of carassius auratus in qihe river has been obtained with pcr. the gene composition and arrangement of mitochondrial genome sequence of this species are similar to most of other vertebrates', which contains 22 trna genes, 13 protein ...201624730610
seasonal changes and human chorionic gonadotrophin (hcg) effects on innate immune genes expression in goldfish (carassius auratus).we profiled the expression of a group of proinflammatory immune genes, comprising tnfα-1, tnfα-2, ifn-γ, il1β-1, il1β-2, ccl-1, and cxcl-8 in liver, head kidney, gills, and spleen of goldfish, during the reproductive cycle and in response to injection of the hormone human chorionic gonadotrophin (hcg). most genes showed higher expression during the breeding season in both sexes. however, activation of immune responses was much stronger in female goldfish. injection with hcg, an analog of luteini ...201424709628
extracts deriving from olive mill waste water and their effects on the liver of the goldfish carassius auratus fed with hypercholesterolemic diet.the present research aims to evaluate the beneficial effects of polyphenols derived from waste water from a olive mill, obtained by non-plastic molecular imprinting device, in a hypercholesterolemic diet on carassius auratus, commonly known as goldfish that was selected as experimental model. the study was conducted with morphological and histochemical analyses and also the data were supported by immunohistochemical analysis. results show the beneficial activity of polyphenols with a reduction o ...201424708587
goldfish brain and heart are well protected from ni²⁺-induced oxidative stress.after 96 h goldfish exposure to 10, 25 or 50 mg/l of ni(2+) no ni accumulation was found in the brain, but lipid peroxide concentration was by 44% elevated in the brain, whereas carbonyl protein content was by 45-45% decreased in the heart. high molecular mass thiol concentration was enhanced by 30% in the heart, while in the brain low molecular mass thiol concentration increased by 28-88%. superoxide dismutase activity was by 27% and 35% increased in the brain and heart, respectively. glutathio ...201424704544
distribution and quantitative detection of gabaa receptor in carassius auratus gibelio.gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba), a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in brain, is synthesized from glutamate and metabolized to succinic semialdehyde by glutamic acid decarboxylase (gad) and gaba transaminase (gaba-t), respectively. the fast inhibitory effect of gaba is mediated by gaba type a (gabaa) receptors that are associated with several neurological disorders, and gabaa receptors are targets of several therapeutic agents. to date, information on the distribution and quantity of gabaa recep ...201424687758
distinct z-dna binding mode of a pkr-like protein kinase containing a z-dna binding domain (pkz).double-stranded ribonucleic acid-activated protein kinase (pkr) downregulates translation as a defense mechanism against viral infection. in fish species, pkz, a pkr-like protein kinase containing left-handed deoxyribonucleic acid (z-dna) binding domains, performs a similar role in the antiviral response. to understand the role of pkz in z-dna recognition and innate immune response, we performed structural and functional studies of the z-dna binding domain (zα) of pkz from carassius auratus (caz ...201424682817
crosstalking between the "gut-brain" hormone ghrelin and the circadian system in the goldfish. effects on clock gene expression and food anticipatory activity.ghrelin is a potent orexigenic signal mainly synthesized in the stomach and foregut of vertebrates. recent studies in rodents point out that ghrelin could also act as an input for the circadian system and/or as an output of peripheral food-entrainable oscillators, being involved in the food anticipatory activity (faa). in this study we pursue the possible interaction of ghrelin with the circadian system in a teleost, the goldfish (carassius auratus). first, we analyzed if ghrelin is able to modu ...201424681192
tissue-specific induction of oxidative stress in goldfish by 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid: mild in brain and moderate in liver and kidney.this study investigated the effects of the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d) on free radical-related processes in tissues of goldfish given 96 h exposures to 1, 10 or 100 mg/l of 2,4-d as well as 96 h recovery from the 100 mg/l treatment. in liver, 2,4-d exposure increased levels of protein carbonyls and lipid peroxides by 36-53% and 24-43%, respectively, but both parameters reverted during recovery, whereas in brain glutathione status improved in response to 2,4-d. lipid peroxide ...201424657358
molecular and functional characterization of erythropoietin receptor of the goldfish (carassius auratus l.).erythropoietin receptor (epor) is a member of the class i cytokine receptor superfamily and signaling through this receptor is important for the proliferation, differentiation and survival of erythrocyte progenitor cells. this study reports on the molecular and functional characterization of goldfish epor. the identified goldfish epor sequence possesses the conserved epor ligand binding domain, the fibronectin domain, the class i cytokine receptor superfamily motif (wsxws) as well as several int ...201424657210
comparative study of infection with tetrahymena of different ornamental fish species.tetrahymena is a ciliated protozoan that can infect a wide range of fish species, although it is most commonly reported in guppies (poecilia reticulata). the aim of this study was to compare the susceptibility to infection with tetrahymena of five different ornamental fish species from two different super orders. the species examined were platy (xiphophorus), molly (poecilia sphenops) and angelfish (pterophyllum scalare) of the acanthopterygii super order (which also includes guppies) and goldfi ...201424650892
functional expression of carassius auratus cytochrome p4501a in a novel shewanella oneidensis expression system and application for the degradation of benzo[a]pyrene.cytochrome p4501a (cyp1a) in fish has attracted an increasing interest because of its important roles in the metabolic activation of certain xenobiotics such as aromatic hydrocarbons. cyps are reported to be expressed in yeast, insect cells and escherichia coli, but are critical for high-level expression. besides, this study found that the purification of recombinant goldfish cyp1a would result in a loss of enzyme activity. because large quantities of functional cyp1a are required, it is necessa ...201424637371
different expression profiles of interleukin 11 (il-11), intelectin (itln) and purine nucleoside phosphorylase 5a (pnp 5a) in crucian carp (carassius auratus gibelio) in response to cyprinid herpesvirus 2 and aeromonas hydrophila.interleukin 11 (il-11), intelectin (itln) and purine nucleoside phosphorylase 5a (pnp5a) play important roles in innate immunity. in a previous study to identify differentially expressed immune-related genes, suppression subtractive hybridization (ssh) assay was used to characterize differentially expressed genes in crucian carp (carassius auratus gibelio) infected with cyprinid herpesvirus 2 (cyhv-2) in which il-11, itln and pnp5a were identified to be the three most significantly up-regulated ...201424636855
identification and analysis of the jnk1 gene in polyploid hybrids of red crucian carp (carassius auratus red var.) and common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).c-jun n-terminal kinase (jnk) is an important member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase superfamily. the allotetraploid crucian carp is a product of distant hybridization of female red crucian carp with male common carp. it is the first natural case of an allotetraploid with stable genetic characters, including fertility of both female and male animals. in this study, 2 jnk1 cdnas (including jnk1a and jnk1b) have been cloned from the polyploid crucian carp system, consisting of the allotetr ...201424634111
metal accumulation and oxidative stress biomarkers in liver of freshwater fish carassius auratus following in vivo exposure to waterborne zinc under different ph values.in this study, laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the combined effect of zinc and ph on metal accumulation and oxidative stress biomarkers in carassius auratus. fish were exposed to 0.1 and 1.0mg zn/l at three ph values (5.0, 7.25, 9.0) for 3, 12, and 30 d. after each exposure, the contents of three trace elements (zn, fe and cu) were determined in liver. generally, longer exposure to zinc (12d and 30 d) increased hepatic zn and cu deposition, but decreased fe content. increasi ...201424632310
evidence for the evolutionary origin of goldfish derived from the distant crossing of red crucian carp × common carp.distant hybridization can generate transgressive hybrid phenotypes that lead to the formation of new populations or species with increased genetic variation. in this study, we produced an experimental hybrid goldfish (eg) by distant crossing of red crucian carp (carassius auratus) × common carp (cyprinus carpio) followed by gynogenesis.201424628745
a comparative study on antioxidant status combined with integrated biomarker response in carassius auratus fish exposed to nine phthalates.laboratory experiments were performed to determine the antioxidant responses to nine phthalates (paes) in the liver of the goldfish carassius auratus. the fish were injected with 10 mg/kg body weight of each pae for 1 day and 4, 8, and 15 days. the potential biotoxicity of the paes were examined using the antioxidase and lipid peroxide indices. we determined that the superoxide dismutase (sod), catalase (cat), glutathione peroxidase (gpx), and malondialdehyde (mda) levels displayed different tre ...201524616073
regulatory effect of quercetin on hazardous microcystin-lr-induced apoptosis of carassius auratus lymphocytes in vitro.microcystins (mcs) are secondary metabolites produced by cyanobacteria. oxidative stress is considered the major cytotoxic mechanism of microcystin-lr (mclr). quercetin (qe) is a flavonoid that can eliminate reactive oxygen species (ros) and elicit anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects. this study determined the regulatory effect of qe on the cytotoxicity and oxidative stress of carassius auratus lymphocytes induced by 1 μg/l mclr in vitro after 24 h. mclr-mediated cytotoxicity and ros fo ...201424594009
comparative analysis of differential gene expression in kidney tissues of moribund and surviving crucian carp (carassius auratus gibelio) in response to cyprinid herpesvirus 2 infection.cyprinid herpesvirus 2 (cyhv-2) has recently been associated with high mortality of cultured crucian carp (carassius auratus gibelio) in eastern china. in this study, we established a real-time pcr method to confirm viral infection of crucian carp and to quantify cyhv-2 particles obtained by sucrose gradient centrifugation from diseased fish. virus-free crucian carp were artificially infected with cyhv-2 using an injection method, which resulted in a dose-dependent death rate. in situ hybridizat ...201424585042
effect of cadmium on the extracellular na⁺, k⁺, and ca²⁺ in the gill and small intestine of goldfish carassius auratus.in this study, the toxic effect of cadmium on extracellular na(+), k(+), and ca(2+) in the gill and small intestine of goldfish carassius auratus was determined with the technique of ion chromatograph. two-way anova indicated that the two factors (cd(2+) treatment and time) and the interaction factor had significant effect on the level of na(+), k(+), and ca(2+) in the small intestine and gill. 1.0 mg/l cd(2+) significantly increased ca(2+) level in the small intestine, but ca(2+) level in the g ...201424583410
a multi-biomarker assessment of single and combined effects of norfloxacin and sulfamethoxazole on male goldfish (carassius auratus).in the present study, the sublethal effects of norfloxacin alone and in combination with sulfamethoxazole in goldfish (carassius auratus) were investigated, the biomarkers including acetylcholinesterase (ache) in brain, 7-ethoxyresorufin o-deethylase (erod), glutathione s-transferase (gst), and superoxides dismutase (sod) activities in liver, vitellogenin (vtg) in serum and dna damage in gonad were determined after 1, 2, 4 and 7 days of exposure. brain ache activity was significantly inhibited b ...201424580816
freshwater fishes of gunung jerai, kedah darul aman: a preliminary study.a total of 37 fish species from 14 families were observed during surveys conducted from january to march 2005 at 8 selected streams near the gunung jerai forest reserve. the list includes two species (rasbora trilineata and systomus partipentazona) that were visually identified at the lower part of the sungai teroi stream. single specimens of leiocassis micropogon, clarias macrocephalus and hampala macrolepidota were also obtained at certain sampling stations. devario regina and systomus binotat ...200924575179
a loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for rapid detection of cyprinid herpesvirus 2 in gibel carp (carassius auratus gibelio).a rapid and sensitive loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assay for cyprinid herpesvirus 2 (cyhv-2) detection in gibel carp was developed. following cloning and sequencing of the putative dna helicase gene of cyhv-2 isolate from china, a set of four specific primers was designed based on the sequence. the mgcl2 concentration and the reaction temperature were optimized to 6 mm, 64°c, respectively. lamp products were detected by visual inspection of a color change due to addition of sybr ...201424574914
antioxidant responses in carassius auratus and lolium perenne exposed to the laboratory pollution.experiments conducted in the laboratories can produce numerous wastes, which could potentially affect the health of the researchers. in this study, the antioxidant responses in liver of carassiua auratus and leaf of lolium perenne were investigated after chronic exposure to the air pollution in four different laboratories. the obtained data showed that oxidative stress was induced in some laboratories, as indicated by some significantly altered biochemical parameters. additionally, the toxicity ...201424561535
cardiac repair and regenerative potential in the goldfish (carassius auratus) heart.the remarkable ability of the heart to regenerate has been demonstrated in the zebrafish and giant danio, two fish members of the cyprinid family. here we use light and electron microscopy to examine the repair response in the heart of another cyprinid, the goldfish (carassius auratus), following cautery injury to a small portion of its ventricular myocardium. we observed a robust inflammatory response in the first two weeks consisting primarily of infiltrating macrophages, heterophils, and mela ...201424548889
the epithelial components and their seasonal changes in the pituitary gland of the carp (cyprinus carpio, l.) and goldfish (carassius auratus, l.). 195124541276
ocular glioneuroma with medulloepitheliomatous differentiation in a goldfish (carassius auratus).an intraocular mass in the left eye causing chronic severe exophthalmia in an adult female goldfish (carassius auratus) is described. the fish shared an aquarium with another goldfish found dead with gross and microscopic lesions consistent with mycobacteriosis. histological examination of the left eye, histochemical (periodic acid-schiff [pas], alcian blue, ziehl-neelsen) and immunohistochemical tests (glial fibrillary acidic protein, human neuronal protein, vimentin, and cytokeratin ae1/ae3) w ...201424532696
comparative antioxidant status in freshwater fish carassius auratus exposed to eight imidazolium bromide ionic liquids: a combined experimental and theoretical study.imidazolium bromide ionic liquids such as 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium bromides ([amim]br) and 1-alkyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium bromides ([ammim]br) are common-use organic salts. however, data on comparative toxicological effects of these ils are lacking for fish. in this study, a combined experimental and theoretical approach was applied to compare and analyze the effects of these ils on biochemical biomarkers in liver of carassius auratus treated with different concentrations (2 and 20mg/l) for ...201424530736
perfluorinated alkyl substances in water, sediment, plankton and fish from korean rivers and lakes: a nationwide survey.water, sediment, plankton, and blood and liver tissues of crucian carp (carassius auratus) and mandarin fish (siniperca scherzeri) were collected from six major rivers and lakes in south korea (including namhan river, bukhan river, nakdong river, nam river, yeongsan river and sangsa lake) and analyzed for perfluorinated alkyl substances (pfass). perfluorooctane sulfonate (pfos) was consistently detected at the greatest concentrations in all media surveyed with the maximum concentration in water ...201424529450
the stimulatory effect of led light spectra on genes related to photoreceptors and skin pigmentation in goldfish (carassius auratus).this study aimed to assess differences in genes related to skin color of goldfish (carassius auratus) exposed to light-emitting diodes (leds): red, green, and purple. we investigated differences in the expression of mammalian-like melanopsin (opn4m), rhodopsin (rh), melanin-concentrating hormone (mch), melanin-concentrating hormone receptor (mch-r), and proopiomelanocortin (pomc) in goldfish exposed to different led light spectra. opn4m, rh, mch, and mch-r mrna levels were significantly higher i ...201424522793
ecotoxicological effects of waterborne pfos exposure on swimming performance and energy expenditure in juvenile goldfish (carassius auratus).the potential risks of perfluorooctane sulfonate (pfos) are of increasing ecological concern. swimming performance is linked to the fitness and health of fish. however, the impacts of pfos on swimming performance remain largely unknown. we investigated the ecotoxicological effects of acute exposure to pfos on the swimming performance and energy expenditure of juvenile goldfish (carassius auratus). the fish were exposed to a range of pfos concentrations (0, 0.5, 2, 8 and 32 mg/l) for 48 hr. the s ...201324520707
antidiabetic effects of carassius auratus complex formula in high fat diet combined streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice.carassius auratus complex formula, including carassius auratus, rhizoma dioscoreae, lycium chinense, and rehmannia glutinosa libosch, is a combination prescription of traditional chinese medicine, which has always been used to treat diabetes mellitus in ancient china. in this study, we provided experimental evidence for the use of carassius auratus complex formula in the treatment of high fat diet combined streptozotocin- (stz-) induced type 2 diabetes. carassius auratus complex formula aqueous ...201424511320
cyprinid herpesvirus-2 causing mass mortality in goldfish: applying electron microscopy to histological samples for diagnostic virology.in june 2013, a major fish kill of adult goldfish carassius auratus occurred in runnemede lake, new jersey, usa: an estimated 3000 to 5000 fish died within ~5 d. necropsy of 4 moribund fish revealed severely pale gills, and histopathology showed type i and ii fusion of the gills, diffuse necrosis of hematopoietic tissue in anterior and posterior kidney, and multifocal necrosis of the spleen. within necrotic areas, pyknosis and enlarged nuclei with marginalized chromatin were observed. cyprinid h ...201424492049
variations of physiological and innate immunological responses in goldfish (carassius auratus) subjected to recurrent acute stress.this study was undertaken to investigate the influence of repeated acute stress on the physiological status and non-specific immune response of goldfish, carassius auratus. the acute stress was a succession of a 3 min-chasing period followed by a 2 min-air exposure. the goldfish in triplicate tanks were subjected 3 times daily to this stress for one (s3) or three (s9) days. a separate group of unstressed fish was used as control for each sampling time. blood samples were collected 12, 48 and 120 ...201424486633
susceptibility of japanese cyprininae fish species to cyprinid herpesvirus 2 (cyhv-2).cyprinid herpesvirus 2 (cyhv-2) is known as the causative agent of herpesviral haematopoietic necrosis (hvhn) of goldfish (carassius auratus). recently, the virus has also been detected from prussian carp (c. gibelio) and crucian carp (c. carassius) from european and asian countries. to analyze the risk of spreading to new host species, the susceptibility of other fish species to the virus is essential. in this study experimental infections of indigenous cyprininae species in japan were performe ...201424480585
a species comparison of 17-α-ethynylestradiol uptake and tissue-specific distribution in six teleost fish.differences exist among fish species in their sensitivity to endocrine disruptors such as 17-α-ethynylestradiol (ee2). we examined whether there were corresponding differences in ee2 uptake rates and short-term internal distribution patterns. six freshwater species: japanese ricefish (medaka, oryzias latipes), goldfish (carassius auratus), zebrafish (danio rerio), fathead minnow (pimephales promelas), atlantic killifish (fundulus heteroclitus) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) were exposed ...201424473066
supplemental description of thelohanellus wuhanensis xiao & chen, 1993 (myxozoa: myxosporea) infecting the skin of carassius auratus gibelio (bloch): ultrastructural and histological data.thelohanellus wuhanensis xiao & chen, 1993 infects allogynogenetic gibel carp carassius auratus gibelio (bloch) forming numerous plasmodia in the skin, resulting in high mortality of juvenile host fish. within this paper we supplement the identification of this pathogenic species with information on its ultrastructural and histological characteristics. measurements of the spores corresponded to the original description, but asymmetry in the spore shape was recorded. scanning electron microscopy ...201424468917
a hindbrain segmental scaffold specifying neuronal location in the adult goldfish, carassius auratus.the vertebrate hindbrain develops as a series of well-defined neuroepithelial segments or rhombomeres. while rhombomeres are visible in all vertebrate embryos, generally there is not any visible segmental anatomy in the brains of adults. teleost fish are exceptional in retaining a rhombomeric pattern of reticulospinal neurons through embryonic, larval, and adult periods. we use this feature to map more precisely the segmental imprint in the reticular and motor basal hindbrain of adult goldfish. ...201424452830
molecular cloning of pcc-dmrt1s and their specific expression patterns in pengze crucian carp (carassius auratus var. pengze) affected by 17α-methyltestosterone.dmrt1, an important transcription factor associated with testicular differentiation, is conserved among teleost, which could also be detected in ovaries. in the present study, three isoforms of pcc-dmrt1s (pcc-dmrt1a, pcc-dmrt1b and pcc-dmrt1c) resulting from alternative splicing of the dmrt1 gene were cloned and characterized in the triploid gynogenetic fish, the pengze crucian carp. their mrna expression profiling was investigated in juvenile developmental stages, tissues of the adult fish, an ...201424445816
effect of cooking temperatures on protein hydrolysates and sensory quality in crucian carp (carassius auratus) soup.cooking methods have a significant impact on flavour compounds in fish soup. the effects of cooking temperatures (55, 65, 75, 85, 95, and 100 °c) on sensory properties and protein hydrolysates were studied in crucian carp (carassius auratus) soup. the results showed that the soup prepared at 85 °c had the best sensory quality in color, flavour, amour, and soup pattern. cooking temperature had significant influence on the hydrolysis of proteins in the soup showed by sds-page result. the contents ...201324425950
identification and functional characterization of the goldfish (carassius auratus l.) high mobility group box 1 (hmgb1) chromatin-binding protein.we report on the identification and functional characterization of hmgb1 of the goldfish. quantitative analysis indicated the highest expression of goldfish hmgb1 in the brain, with lower mrna levels in spleen, intestine, kidney, gill and heart. hmgb1 was also differentially expressed in goldfish immune cell populations with highest mrna levels present in splenocytes and neutrophils. we generated and functionally characterized the recombinant hmgb1 (rghmgb1). the rghmgb1 primed the respiratory b ...201424406304
tempo and mode of recurrent polyploidization in the carassius auratus species complex (cypriniformes, cyprinidae).polyploidization is an evolutionarily rare but important mechanism in both plants and animals because it increases genetic diversity. goldfish of the carassius auratus species complex can be tetraploids, hexaploids and octaploids. polyploidization events have occurred repeatedly in goldfish, yet the extent of this phenomenon and its phyletic history are poorly understood. we explore the origin, tempo and frequency of polyploidization in chinese and japanese goldfish using both mitochondrial (mtd ...201424398883
variations in bile tolerance among lactococcus lactis strains derived from different sources.lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis has been isolated from the intestines of marine fish and is a candidate probiotic for aquaculture. in order to use the bacterium as a probiotic, properties such as bile tolerance need to be assessed. here, we compared bile tolerance in l. lactis strains derived from different sources. three l. lactis subsp. lactis strains from marine fish (mfl), freshwater fish (ffl), and cheese starter (csl) were used along with an lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris strain from ...201424395331
nickel-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in carassius auratus liver by jnk pathway.nickel (ni) is ubiquitous in the biosphere and is a common component of natural fresh waters. when present in high concentrations, it becomes toxic to aquatic organisms. it is known that ni toxicity may induce oxidative stress and apoptosis. however, the precise mechanism and the pathways that are activated in fish are still unclear. thus, this study aimed to assess which apoptotic pathways are triggered by ni in carassius auratus liver, the main target of waterborne pollutants. fish were expose ...201424394944
c1q-like factor, a target of mir-430, regulates primordial germ cell development in early embryos of carassius auratus.c1q-like is a significant maternal factor of tnf/c1q super-family, and the abundant protein has been observed in both mature eggs of carassius auratus and carassius auratus gibelio, but its biological function in early embryo development has remained unclear. in this study, we firstly revealed a high level of maternal c1q-like transcript existence only in mature eggs of carassius auratus, whereas no any maternal c1q-like transcript was observed in that of carassius auratus gibelio. during embryo ...201324391447
protection of ornamental gold fish carassius auratus against aeromonas hydrophila by treating ixora coccinea active principles.herbals such as ixora coccinea, daemia extensa and tridax procumbens were selected to screen in vitro antibacterial and immunostimulant activity against the freshwater fish pathogen aeromonas hydrophila using different organic polar and non-polar solvents. initial screening results revealed that, ethyl acetate extracts and its purified fraction of i. coccinea was able to suppress the a. hydrophila strains at more than 15 mm of zone of inhibition and positive immunostimulant activity. the purifie ...201424380832
intraspecific scaling of the resting and maximum metabolic rates of the crucian carp (carassius auratus).the question of how the scaling of metabolic rate with body mass (m) is achieved in animals is unresolved. here, we tested the cell metabolism hypothesis and the organ size hypothesis by assessing the mass scaling of the resting metabolic rate (rmr), maximum metabolic rate (mmr), erythrocyte size, and the masses of metabolically active organs in the crucian carp (carassius auratus). the m of the crucian carp ranged from 4.5 to 323.9 g, representing an approximately 72-fold difference. the rmr an ...201324376588
peculiar monomeric interferon gammas, ifnγrel 1 and ifnγrel 2, in ginbuna crucian carp.the existence of fish-specific isoforms of interferon (ifn)γ, known as ifnγ-related (ifnγrel), has been reported in several fish species. however, comparisons with deduced amino acid sequences of known ifnγrels among several fish species have indicated significant differences at the c-terminus basic amino acid continuous sequences, which indicate the existence of multiple ifnγrel isoforms. two distinct cdnas, encoding two ifnγrels, ifngrel 1 and ifngrel 2, were cloned from ginbuna crucian carp ( ...201424373358
the carp-goldfish nucleocytoplasmic hybrid has mitochondria from the carp as the nuclear donor species.it is widely accepted that mitochondria and its dna (mtdna) exhibit strict maternal inheritance, with sperm contributing no or non-detectable mitochondria to the next generation. in fish, nuclear transfer (nt) through the combination of a donor nucleus and an enucleated oocyte can produce fertile nucleocytoplasmic hybrids (nchs) even between different genera and subfamilies. one of the best studied fish nchs is cyca produced by transplanting the nuclei plus cytoplasm from the common carp (cyprin ...201424365595
helper function of cd4⁺ lymphocytes in antiviral immunity in ginbuna crucian carp, carassius auratus langsdorfii.although many recent studies have suggested that cd4(+) helper t cell (th-cell) functions are well conserved among teleost fishes and mammals, there is little evidence that cd4(+) th-cells in fish are actually involved in both humoral and cell-mediated immunity during a secondary immune response. in the present study, adoptive transfer using clonal ginbuna crucian carp and crucian carp hematopoietic necrosis virus (chnv) was used to investigate the functions of cd4(+) cells during humoral and ce ...201424342571
ultrastructural study on pronuclear development in fertilized eggs from goldfish, carassius auratus.the formation of male and female pronuclei in physiologically monospermic fertilized eggs of the goldfish, carassius auratus, has been investigated with transmission electron microscopy. ultrastructural observations show that at 26°c the transformation of the sperm nucleus takes place very quickly. the sperm nuclear envelope degenerates and is replaced by a large number of smooth surface vesicles 1 min post-insemination. concomitantly, most of the condensed sperm chromatin is dispersed and is su ...199624340699
effects of cold acclimation and storage temperature on crucian carp (carassius auratus gibelio) in a waterless preservation.the research aims to explore the impact of cold acclimation and storage temperature on crucian carp in a waterless preservation. it is conducted by studying the influence of cold acclimation on crucian carp in temperatures of 5 and 1 °c h(-1), followed by having them preserved under waterless conditions at 4 and 0 °c for 24 h to analyze their aerobic and anaerobic capacities. the research findings revealed that the temperature drop at 1 °c h(-1) is conducive to preserving the activity of lactate ...201424338155
detection of toxoplasma gondii in shellfish and fish in parts of china.in this study, a total of 3432 aquatic animals covering eight species were tested by specific polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assays to investigate the presence of toxoplasma gondii, in china. the results showed that, out of 618 procambarus clarkii samples collected from the different areas in southeast china, four samples from jiangxi province were positive. of 456 hypophthalmichthys molitrix samples, one sample from jiangsu province was positive. in addition, there was only one positive sample ...201424331298
the goldfish hat-family transposon tgf2 is capable of autonomous excision in zebrafish embryos.the goldfish (carassius auratus) tgf2 transposon is a vertebrate dna transposon that belongs to the hat transposon family. in this study, we constructed plasmids containing either the full-length tgf2 transposon (ptgf2 plasmid) or a partially-deleted tgf2 transposon (δptgf2 plasmid), and microinjected these plasmids into fertilized zebrafish (danio rerio) eggs at the one- to two-cell stage. dna extracted from the embryos was analyzed by pcr to assess transient excision, if any, of the exogenous ...201424321692
role of cd4(+) and cd8α(+) t cells in protective immunity against edwardsiella tarda infection of ginbuna crucian carp, carassius auratus langsdorfii.edwardsiella tarda is an intracellular pathogen that causes edwardsiellosis in fish. our previous study suggests that cell-mediated immunity (cmi) plays an essential role in protection against e. tarda infection. in the present study, we adoptively transferred t-cell subsets sensitized with e. tarda to isogenic naïve ginbuna crucian carp to determination the t-cell subsets involved in protecting fish from e. tarda infection. recipients of cd4(+) and cd8α(+) cells acquired significant resistance ...201424316500
responses of hepatic metallothioneins and apoptotic activity in carassius auratus gibelio witness a release of cobalt and zinc from waterborne nanoscale composites.the main goal of this study was to evaluate the ability of fish carassius auratus tissues to release cobalt (co) and zinc (zn) cations present in the applied co- and zn-containing nanoscale composites (ncs). male fish was subjected to 14day long action of co- and zn-ncs, as well as of co(2+) and zn(2+) or polymeric substance (ps) used for the nc preparation and derived from the vinylpyrrolidone. 50μg∙l(-1) of co and 100μg∙l(-1) of zn were applied either as a salt or a nanocomposite. both co and ...201424316149
2,4-dichlorophenol induces global dna hypermethylation through the increase of s-adenosylmethionine and the upregulation of dnmts mrna in the liver of goldfish carassius auratus.altered dna methylation is associated with changes in gene expression, signal transduction and stress response after exposure to a wide range of exogenous compounds, and abnormal methylation is a major toxic effect induced by chemicals such as benzene and phenols. 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-dcp), a derivative of phenol, has been classified as a priority pollutant by the us epa due to its toxic effects on aquatic organisms. however, the effect of 2,4-dcp on dna methylation and its potential mechanis ...201424316013
gig1, a novel antiviral effector involved in fish interferon response.vertebrate interferon (ifn) response defenses against viral infection through the induction of hundreds of ifn-stimulated genes (isgs). most isgs are conserved across vertebrates; however, little is known about the species-specific isgs. in this study, we reported that grass carp reovirus (gcrv)-induced gene 1 (gig1), previously screened as a virus-induced gene from uv-inactivated gcrv-infected crucian carp (carassius auratus) blastulae embryonic (cab) cells, was a typical fish isg, which was si ...201424314663
effects of polymer-coated metal oxide nanoparticles on goldfish (carassius auratus l.) neutrophil viability and function.exposure effects from polyacrylic acid (paa) metal-oxide nanoparticles (tio2, ceo2, fe2o3, zno) on fish neutrophil viability and effector functions (degranulation, respiratory burst, inflammatory gene expression) were investigated using primary kidney goldfish (carassius auratus l.) neutrophils as a model. several studies have reported cytotoxic effects of nps but there are limited reports on their potential to perturb the innate immune system of aquatic organisms. paa-tio2 significantly decreas ...201524313973
introduced goldfish affect amphibians through inhibition of sexual behaviour in risky habitats: an experimental approach.the introduction of alien species is one of the major causes of current and global biodiversity loss. the introduction of fish can be a particular threat to native amphibian populations, which are declining worldwide. one way for amphibians to persist in such altered environments is to adopt anti-predator strategies especially at the behavioural level. however, although it has been shown that avoidance behaviour may decrease the probability of being detected by a potential predator, little is kn ...201324312432
expression pattern of the zona pellucida 3 (zp3) gene during ovarian development and the location of zp3 protein in oocytes in a natural, wild triploid crucian carp mutant, carassius auratus var. pingxiangnensis.carassius auratus var. pingxiangnensis (designated cap), distributed in the pingxiang region of jiangxi province, china, is a natural, wild triploid crucian carp mutant that has two reproductive development modes: gynogenesis and bisexual reproduction. little information is available about the expression pattern of the zona pellucida 3 (zp3) gene during ovarian development and the location of the zp3 protein in oocytes of this fish. in this study, we obtained the full-length cdna of zp3 (cap_zp3 ...201324301933
isolation of active compounds from methanol extracts of toddalia asiatica against ichthyophthirius multifiliis in goldfish (carassius auratus).the parasitic ciliate ichthyophthirius multifiliis infests all species of freshwater fish and can cause severe economic losses in fish breeding. the present study aims to evaluate the antiparasitic activity of the active components from toddalia asiatica against i. multifiliis. bioassay-guided fractionation and isolation of compounds with antiparasitic activity were performed on the methanol extract of t. asiatica yielding two bioactive compounds: chelerythrine and chloroxylonine identified by c ...201424295957
nmr-based metabolomics approach to study the toxicity of lambda-cyhalothrin to goldfish (carassius auratus).in this study, a (1)h nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) based metabolomics approach was applied to investigate the toxicity of lambda-cyhalothrin (lct) in goldfish (carassius auratus). lct showed tissue-specific damage to gill, heart, liver and kidney tissues of goldfish. nmr profiling combined with statistical methods such as orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (opls-da) and two-dimensional statistical total correlation spectroscopy (2d-stocsy) was developed to discern metabol ...201424291083
pathology survey on a captive-bred colony of the mexican goodeid, nearly extinct in the wild, zoogoneticus tequila (webb & miller 1998).the mexican goodeid, zoogoneticus tequila, is considered nearly extinct in the wild and it is maintained in captivity by the nonprofit international "goodeid working group." the unique italian colony has produced about 180 fish so far. the observable diseases were registered and some fish were submitted, immediately after spontaneous death, to necroscopic and histopathologic exams. encountered diseases included the following: 7 cases of scoliosis (2 males and 5 females); 2 fish with a similar co ...201324288481
immune gene discovery in the crucian carp carassius auratus.the crucian carp carassius auratus (cyprinidae) is one of the important fish species in aquaculture. although the crucian carp has several economic benefits, their immune system and gene information have not been investigated in depth as yet. here, we performed the transcriptome analysis of c. auratus using the pyrosequencing method and selected several immune-related genes. of unigenes obtained in this species, we identified a number of immune system-related genes (e.g. adhesive protein, antimi ...201424287371
the analysis of goldfish (carassius auratus l.) innate immune responses after acute and subchronic exposures to oil sands process-affected water.we examined the immunotoxic effects of acute and subchronic exposures of goldfish to aged, fresh, and ozonated oil sands process-affected water (ospw) using a flow-through exposure apparatus. we measured the expression of proinflammatory cytokine genes, the antimicrobial responses of primary macrophages isolated from ospw-exposed fish, and the ability of the goldfish to control infection with a protozoan parasite, trypanosoma carassii. after acute (1 week) exposure to aged ospw, we observed upre ...201424284786
acyl and alkenyl group composition of brain subcellular fractions of goldfish (carassius auratus l.) acclimated to different environmental temperatures.goldfish were acclimated to 5, 15, and 30°c, and the acyl group composition of choline phosphoglycerides (cpg) and ethanolamine phosphoglycerides (epg) from whole brain and brain subcellular particles was examined. with the exception of synaptosomal cpg, the acyl group composition of cpg from whole brain and subcellular particles, including myelin, from cold-acclimated fish showed little response to the change in environmental temperature. those changes that did occur were consistent with the ex ...197724272146
interspecific differences in hypoxia-induced gill remodeling in carp.the gills of many fish, but in particular those of crucian carp (carassius carassius) and goldfish (carassius auratus), are capable of extensive remodeling in response to changes in oxygen (o2), temperature, and exercise. in this study, we investigated the interspecific variation in hypoxia-induced gill modeling and hypoxia tolerance in 10 closely related groups of cyprinids (nine species, with two strains of cyprinus carpio). there was significant variation in hypoxia tolerance, measured as the ...201624241069
the environmental regulation of maturation in goldfish, carassius auratus: effects of various led light spectra.while there have been a number of studies on the effects of photoperiod and duration of light and dark exposure, much less information is available on the importance of light intensity. this study investigated the effects of exposure of goldfish, carassius auratus exposed to white fluorescent bulbs, and red (peak at 630nm), and green (530nm) light emitting diodes (leds) at approximately 0.9w/m(2) (12-h light:12-h dark) for four months on a number of hormones of the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad ( ...201424239668
optimization protocol for storage of goldfish (carassius auratus) embryos in chilled state.a series of five experiments were conducted to explore suitable conditions for storing of goldfish embryos in a chilled state. the factors studied were embryo stage, storage temperature, physiological saline solutions and goldfish artificial coelomic fluid (gfacf) medium, antibiotics (penicillin and streptomycin), antioxidants (vitamin e, vitamin c), buffer (hepes, tris) and bsa (bovine serum albumin). first, goldfish embryos at eight developmental stages were incubated in aerated and dechlorina ...201424237194
zn subcellular distribution in liver of goldfish (carassius auratus) with exposure to zinc oxide nanoparticles and mechanism of hepatic detoxification.zinc oxide nanoparticles (zno nps) have attracted increasing concerns because of their widespread use and toxic potential. in this study, zn accumulations in different tissues (gills, liver, muscle, and gut) of goldfish (carassius auratus) after exposure to zno nps were studied in comparison with bulk zno and zn(2+). and the technique of subcellular partitioning was firstly used on the liver of goldfish to study the hepatic accumulation of zno nps. the results showed that at sublethal zn concent ...201324223767
involvement of steroid hormones in the preovulatory gonadotropin surge in female goldfish.goldfish,carassius auratus, spawn several times within a spawning season. a gonadotropin (gth) surge occurs at the time of ovulation in this cyprinid species. this ovulatory gth surge mediates the processes of final oocyte maturation and ovulation, and occurs at the end of each spawning cycle. within a cycle, there is a shift in the predominant plasma steroid from estradiol to testosterone, and finally 17α, 20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one at the time of the ovulatory gth surge. high levels of test ...198924221765
hypothalamic peptides influencing growth hormone secretion in the goldfish,carassius auratus.in vivo andin vitro techniques were used to examine the influence of various vertebrate peptides on growth hormone (gh) secretion in the goldfish. tetradecapeptide somatostatin (srif-14) was found to inhibit gh secretionin vitro from perifused pituitary fragments, whereas similar concentrations of a salmonid srif peptide (ssrif-25) did not affect gh secretion from the goldfish pituitary fragments. this indicates that srif receptors on the goldfish pituitary are very specific for srif-14-like pep ...198924221764
neuropeptides regulating the activity of goldfish corticotropes and melanotropes.the goldfish (carassius auratus) has proven an advantageous model for investigations of the neuroendocrine regulation of pituitary hormone secretion in teleost fishes. investigations examining the secretion of adrenocorticotropin (acth) and melanocyte-stimulating hormone (msh) from pituitary cellsin vitro have been used to identify neuropeptides influencing goldfish corticotrope and melanotrope activity. ovine crf, urotensin i (ui), arginine vasotocin (avt), isotocin and angiotensins i and ii st ...198924221751
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