Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| nonmammalian vertebrate models in studies of brain-steroid interactions. | estrogen formation in brain and pituitary mediates certain androgen actions in central targets. goldfish (carassius auratus) and quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) have been advantageous for studying the role of locally formed estrogen in autoregulating aromatization and in controlling estrogen receptor occupancy, androgen receptor levels, and behavioral expression. data from these two experimental models reveal a molecular basis for androgen-estrogen synergism in neuroendocrine tissues and for ... | 1990 | 1974804 |
| trypanosoma danilewskyi in carassius auratus: the nature of protective immunity in recovered goldfish. | trypanosoma danilewskyi is pathogenic to goldfish, carassius auratus; the number that survived an infection was related to the size of inoculum, i.e., the mortality was low when the inoculum was small. most fish that had prior exposure(s) to the parasite survived subsequent homologous challenge(s) and were protected for at least 89 days. the immunity was nonsterile as low numbers of parasites were detected in the blood of some recovered fish. intraperitoneal injection of corticosteroid in recove ... | 1991 | 2010858 |
| dl-2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid does not eliminate "on" responses in the visual system of goldfish. | dl-2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid (apb) suppresses activity in retinal on pathways. it is generally assumed that loss of the on pathway would result in loss of on responses in the visual system. we tested this assumption by recording activity from the optic nerves of intact goldfish (carassius auratus) before and after intraocular injection of apb. whole-nerve responses to increments and decrements of light were compared to electroretinogram responses and to tectal evoked potentials. apb severe ... | 1991 | 2023929 |
| compartmentalization of prostaglandin synthesis within the fish ovary. | numerous studies have shown that the follicle walls surrounding mature vertebrate oocytes are capable of producing primary prostaglandins. however, very few studies have looked at the prostaglandin synthetic potential of other ovarian tissue components. in brook trout (salvelinus fontinalis) and goldfish (carassius auratus), mature follicle walls can produce prostaglandins e and f (pge and pgf, respectively); however, it is apparent that several other tissues within the fish ovary also produce s ... | 1991 | 2035698 |
| a monoclonal antibody raised against the mauthner cell also recognizes some reticular neurons. | a monoclonal antibody was raised against dissected mauthner cells of goldfish, carassius auratus. the immunoglobulin (mab 222c2) recognized in this neuron a determinant that was localized on the soma of the mauthner cell in front of the axon hillock and on the dorsomedial portion of the initial third of its ventral dendrite. when observed with electron microscopy, the staining was associated with polyribosomes and with the reticulum, close to the golgi cisternae. the antibody also labelled other ... | 1991 | 2057063 |
| organization and development of horizontal cells in the goldfish retina, i: the use of monoclonal antibody at101. | we have produced and characterized a monoclonal antibody, at101, which selectively labels both viable and formaldehyde-fixed horizontal cell axon terminals, but not their somas or axons, of the goldfish (carassius auratus) retina. the antigen recognized by at101 appears to be a cell surface glycoprotein with a molecular weight of about 35,000 daltons, and is present exclusively or predominantly in nervous tissues of all vertebrate species examined. we have used at101 as a probe to analyze immuno ... | 1991 | 2059569 |
| the use of fluorescent microspheres in the study of piscine macrophage aggregate kinetics. | the kinetics of piscine liver, spleen, and kidney macrophage aggregate formation was studied in carassius auratus using the sequential interperitoneal injection of fluorescent green and yellow microspheres. this study indicates that 1. macrophages migrating to or forming new aggregates move randomly throughout the aggregate mass and do not simply increase aggregate size by a laminating process (layer upon layer), 2. macrophages apparently form new aggregates and migrate to existing aggregates si ... | 1991 | 2060686 |
| synchronous neurite branchings in single goldfish retinal ganglion cells. | we have examined the time course of branch formation in neurites of retinal ganglion cells isolated from adult goldfish (carassius auratus). these neurites elongate at approximately 13 microns/h, and usually branch by bifurcation of growth cones at their tips. the times elapsed between branchings in different neurites of single cells can be described by a poisson distribution with a mean interval of approximately 2 h. as predicted by this distribution, a relatively large number of branchings occ ... | 1991 | 2069904 |
| use of a pituitary cell dispersion method and primary culture system for the studies of gonadotropin-releasing hormone action in the goldfish, carassius auratus. ii. extracellular calcium dependence and dopaminergic inhibition of gonadotropin responses. | primary static cultures of dispersed goldfish pituitary cells obtained by controlled trypsinization released gonadotropin (gth) in response to 2-hr stimulations of 0.1 nm to 1 microm [trp7,leu8]-gonadotropin-releasing hormone (sgnrh), [d-arg6,pro9-n-ethylamide]-sgnrh (sgnrha), and [his5,trp7,tyr8]-gnrh (cgnrh-ii) in a dose-dependent manner. coincubation with 10 to 1000 nm of a dopamine agonist, apomorphine, dose dependently reduced the gth response to increasing concentrations of sgnrh. apomorph ... | 1990 | 2106469 |
| thermal acclimation and muscle contractile properties in cyprinid fish. | after several weeks of cold acclimation, the swimming performance of some fish is increased at low temperatures and decreased at high temperatures. the temperature compensation of locomotory activity involves changes in central patterns of muscle fiber recruitment and in the properties of the peripheral nervous system and muscle tissues. in some freshwater fish belonging to the family cyprinidae, including the goldfish (carassius auratus), the common carp (cyprinus carpio), and the roach (rutilu ... | 1990 | 2143635 |
| orthovanadate and fluoroaluminate stimulate inositol phosphate production and in vitro ovulation in goldfish (carassius auratus) follicles. | both sodium orthovanadate and fluoroaluminate were found to stimulate in vitro ovulation in intact goldfish follicles, suggesting the involvement of g-proteins in ovulation. although orthovanadate was able to stimulate camp production, it probably stimulates ovulation by some other mechanism since camp blocks ovulation in this species. these agents also stimulated the accumulation of labeled inositol phosphate in follicle walls. the time course of inositol phosphate production showed a slightly ... | 1990 | 2165827 |
| cryptobia cataractae from the blood of semotilus atromaculatus: structure and division in the fish. | a cryptobiid was found in the blood of 2 of 9 semotilus atromaculatus from a tributary of the saugeen river in ontario, canada. blood inoculation produced an infection in 2 uninfected s. atromaculatus but not in any oncorhynchus mykiss, catostomus commersoni, or carassius auratus. the flagellate was identified as cryptobia cataractae, based on host restriction. cryptobia cataractae occurred as slender and broad forms (body width 3.0-8.7 microns). the length of the anterior flagellum was equal to ... | 1990 | 2213407 |
| suppression and excitation in auditory nerve fibers of the goldfish, carassius auratus. | the suppression of background spike activity in the absence of deliberate acoustic stimulation occurs in fibers of the goldfish saccular nerve tuned in the region of 250 hz. suppression is most robust in the frequency range between 450 and 1050 hz, the range of cf for the mid- and high-frequency saccular fibers. suppression of background activity tends to occur following the suppressor tone offset ('off-suppression'), even though the spike response during the suppressor is below the background r ... | 1990 | 2249963 |
| gill sphaerosporosis in goldfish (carassius auratus). | infections caused by a sphaerospora sp. resembling s. chinensis are reported for the first time in goldfish (carassius auratus) from north america. the myxosporean was found in the respiratory epithelium of the gill of pond-reared fish. spores from stained tissue sections were spherical with an equal mean length and width of 6.3 microns. spore valves were thickened at the suture which lies in a plane perpendicular to two prominent pyriform polar capsules. the polar capsules were 4.0 x 2.8 micron ... | 1990 | 2250337 |
| habituation in goldfish (carassius auratus) is impaired by increased interstimulus interval, interval variability, and telencephalic ablation. | goldfish (carassius auratus) were fitted with electrodes and buccal catheters for monitoring electrocardiograms and ventilations, respectively. a 2-s "light-on" stimulus was repeatedly presented to groups of fish at fixed interstimulus intervals (isis) of 1 or 2 min or at variable isis with a mean duration of 1 or 2 min. normal fish, fish with telencephalic ablation, and fish with sham operations were compared for responsiveness and habituation to repeatedly presented stimuli. the longer the isi ... | 1990 | 2285485 |
| breakdown of the sperm nuclear envelope is a prerequisite for male pronucleus formation: direct evidence from the gynogenetic crucian carp carassius auratus langsdorfii. | the gynogenetic fish, carassius auratus langsdorfii (the ginbuna, a crucian carp), provides an interesting model for the study of the mechanisms controlling male pronucleus formation. when the sperm nucleus of a different subspecies (c. a. cuvieri) is incorporated into the gynogenetic egg, the nuclear envelope of the spermatozoon is not broken down, and the pronucleus fails to develop, although dispersion of the sperm chromatin occurs to some extent within the space limited by the nuclear envelo ... | 1990 | 2295362 |
| seasonal changes in serum gonadotropin, testosterone, 11-ketotestosterone, and estradiol-17 beta levels and their relation to tumor burden in gonadal tumor-bearing carp x goldfish hybrids in the great lakes. | the hybrids of carp (cyprinus carpio) and goldfish (carassius auratus) collected from the lower great lakes between 1978 and 1981 exhibited a high frequency of gonadal neoplasms and apparent sterility, conditions which were rare in the parental species. a pronounced hyperplasia of gonadotropic cells in hybrids resulted in the accumulation of large stores of biologically active gonadotropin (gth) in the pituitary gland. serum gth levels were generally higher in hybrids than in carp collected from ... | 1990 | 2307342 |
| differential distribution of serotoninergic inputs on the goldfish mauthner cell. | the morphology and distribution of the serotoninergic (5-ht) input to the mauthner cell (m cell) of a teleost, carassius auratus, were analyzed at the light microscopic level. immunohistochemical methods revealed that 1) most fibers innervating the m cell originate from the ventral and lateroventral regions of the rhombencephalon; 2) two groups of fibers contribute to this innervation, thick ones (type i, 0.4-0.7 microns in diameter) with terminal endings and thin ones (type ii, less than 0.2 mi ... | 1990 | 2319013 |
| possible role of basolateral cell membrane in proximal renal tubule osmoregulation. | the cellular response to hypotonic stimulation was studied with videometric methods in 266 proximal renal tubules dissected from carassius auratus (goldfish). in hypotonic solutions (low nacl), cells underwent rapid swelling followed by gradual shrinking toward isotonic volume (volume-regulatory decrease phase, vrd). hypothermia (8 degrees c), increased extracellular potassium (15, 25, and 40 mm), quinine (0.1 mm), barium (0.5 mm), 4,4'-diisothio-cyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (dids; 0.02 mm ... | 1990 | 2331023 |
| acute ethanol effects on cell volume regulation. | in this work, the effects of ethanol on cellular osmoregulation were studied in isolated proximal renal tubules of carassius auratus (goldfish). in hypotonic solutions the tubule cells swell rapidly (osmometric phase) and subsequently shrink towards isotonic volumes (volume regulatory decrease phase, vrd). the osmometric phase depends on the water permeability of the cell membrane and the magnitude of the osmotic gradient. the vrd phase is complex and is a function of activation of osmotic trans ... | 2013 | 2344153 |
| effect of ph on the accumulation kinetics of pentachlorophenol in goldfish. | the kinetics of accumulation of pentachlorophenol (pcp) at various ph values were investigated to explore how ph-dependent accumulation might influence pcp toxicity. goldfish (carassius auratus) were exposed to 5 micrograms pcp/l in a static system buffered with 7.5 mm bicine or n,n-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-aminoethane sulfonic acid (bes) at ph 7.0, 8.0, or 9.0. the amount of pcp in the fish, concentration of pcp in water, and the total amount of metabolites in the system were measured after exposu ... | 2013 | 2353845 |
| development of newly formed nephrons in the goldfish kidney following hexachlorobutadiene-induced nephrotoxicity. | new nephrons developed in goldfish, carassius auratus, several weeks following hexachlorobutadiene-induced (hcbd) nephrotoxicity. basophilic clusters of presumptive nephrogenic cells incorporated 5-bromo, 2'deoxyuridine (brdu) one week after hcbd injection, indicating initiation of dna synthesis. these clusters, like renal vesicles in the developing kidney, elongated, fused with collecting ducts and developed into immature nephrons during the next 2 weeks. stereologic quantification showed the v ... | 1990 | 2362986 |
| the repair of uv-irradiated plasmids transfected into cultured fish cells. | uv-irradiated plasmids (pnpv b and pbscatsv) were transfected into rbcf-1 cells derived from a goldfish (carassius auratus) and into a xeroderma pigmentosum (group a) cell line, xp20ssv. the frequency of stable neor transformation by pnpv b decreased in a dose-dependent manner. however, in spite of large differences in uv sensitivity detected in the colony formation assay, the dose-response curves of rbcf-1 cells and xp20ssv cells were almost the same. the photorecovery (pr) of transforming acti ... | 1990 | 2366798 |
| [regional specificity within plasma membrane and nuclear membrane of goldfish sperm]. | combined sem and tem technique including thin sectioning, freeze-fracture and etching as well as cytochemical staining have been used for ultrastructural study on goldfish (carassius auratus) sperm. it has been shown that primitive sperm plasma membrane and nuclear membrane are differentiated with regional specificity. the results from this study can be summarized as follows: 1. intercalated protein particles are highly organized in the plasma membrane in the certain region of the head to form c ... | 1990 | 2382525 |
| developmental incompatibility between cell nucleus and cytoplasm as revealed by nuclear transplantation experiments in teleost of different families and orders. | teleosts from different families and orders were used as materials for nuclear transplantation experiments. (1) the nuclei of goldfish (carassius auratus, family cyprinidae, order cypriniformes) were transplanted into the enucleated egg cytoplasm of loach (paramisgurnus dabryanus, family cobitidae, order cypriniformes) and vice-versa. (2) the nuclei of tilapia (oreochromis nilotica, order perciformes) were transplanted into the enucleated egg cytoplasm of goldfish (carassius auratus, order cypri ... | 1990 | 2386727 |
| use of a pituitary cell dispersion method and primary culture system for the studies of gonadotropin-releasing hormone action in the goldfish, carassius auratus. i. initial morphological, static, and cell column perifusion studies. | two cell dispersion methods for excised goldfish pituitary glands were tested, and a cultured dispersed cell system based on trypsin enzymatic tissue digestion was developed and characterized. controlled trypsin/dnase treatment of goldfish pituitary gland yielded dispersed cells of high viability (trypsin blue exclusion test) that responded to gonadotropin (gth)-releasing hormone (gnrh) challenges with gth secretion in a time- and dose-dependent manner following overnight culture. electron micro ... | 1990 | 2407601 |
| immunohistochemical localization of urotensin i and other neuropeptides in the caudal neurosecretory system of three species of teleosts and two species of elasmobranchs. | in three species of teleosts - carp cyprinus carpio; grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella; and crucian carp carassius auratus - the caudal neurosecretory system displays small, medium-sized and large neurons. urotensin i (ui)-immunoreactive and ui-nonreactive neurons were found in all three groups; in general, the number of the latter neurons exceeded that of the former. noteworthy are: (i) ui-immunoreactive fibers in the caudal spinal cord and (ii) dense accumulations of ui-immunoreactive product ... | 1986 | 2424610 |
| the in vitro effects of cyclic nucleotides, cyanoketone, and cycloheximide on the production of estradiol-17 beta by vitellogenic ovarian follicles of goldfish (carassius auratus). | the effects of human chorionic gonadotropin (hcg), forskolin, cyclic nucleotides, the phosphodiesterase inhibitors ibmx and theophylline, cyanoketone, and cycloheximide on the production of estradiol-17 beta by isolated ovarian follicles of vitellogenic goldfish (carassius auratus) were examined using 18-hr incubations. hcg and all test agents which are known to increase intracellular concentrations of camp significantly stimulated the production of estradiol-17 beta. however, dibutyryl cgmp was ... | 1986 | 2429892 |
| parathyroid hormone-like immunoreactivity in fish plasma and tissues. | although fish lack parathyroid glands, parathyroid hormone (pth)-like substances, reacting with guinea pig antibodies raised against bovine pth1(-84), were detected in the circulation of trout (salmo gairdneri) and goldfish (carassius auratus). the immunoreactive (ir) pth concentration in plasma (0.5-1.5 ng/ml) was less than that measured in heat-treated and dialyzed 0.6% nacl extracts of brain tissue (4.0-5.0 ng/g wet wt brain) and much less than that present in pituitary extracts (20-40 ng/g p ... | 1987 | 2444491 |
| high substance p-like immunoreactivity (spli) in the olfactory and electrosensory cells of gymnotid fish. | substance p has been proposed as a candidate neurotransmitter or neuromodulator in the nociceptive system. using a light microscopial immunohistochemical peroxidase-anti-peroxidase technique we have detected high substance p-like immunoreactivity (spli) in several types of sensory organs of 4 species of gymnotiform teleost fish: olfactory epithelium, vestibular, lateral line and electrosensory organs. the olfactory nerve and its endings within the olfactory bulb and the telencephalon were also s ... | 1987 | 2448706 |
| putative cholinergic projections from the nucleus isthmi and the nucleus reticularis mesencephali to the optic tectum in the goldfish (carassius auratus). | the nucleus isthmi of fish and amphibians has reciprocal connections with the optic tectum, and biochemical studies suggested that it may provide a major cholinergic input to the tectum. in goldfish, we have combined immunohistochemical staining for choline acetyltransferase with retrograde labeling of nucleus isthmi neurons after tectal injections of horseradish peroxidase. seven fish received tectal horseradish peroxidase injections, and brain tissue from these animals was subsequently process ... | 1988 | 2463280 |
| distribution of substance p-like immunoreactivity in the goldfish brain. | immunohistochemical methods were used to study the distribution of sp-like immunoreactivity (spli) in the brain of the common goldfish (carassius auratus). spli cell bodies and fibers were seen in distant areas and nuclei throughout the brain. in the telencephalon, spl1 was found in the area dorsalis telencephali pars centralis and pars lateralis, areas that have been compared to the basal ganglia of land vertebrates. in the diencephalon, spli somata were seen in the hypothalamus. four primary v ... | 1989 | 2464008 |
| nickel inhibition of the osmotic-sensitive ionic cellular channels. | the effects of nickel on cell volume regulation were studied in isolated proximal renal tubules from carassius auratus (goldfish). variations in cell volume were measured as changes in the external tubular diameters as a function of time of exposure to nicl2 (ni(ii] in both isotonic and hypotonic solutions. renal tubules were first incubated in isotonic fish ringer's solution (290 mosm) with and without 0.05, 0.10, 0.50, and 1.00 mmol/l ni(ii) for three minutes. after this period, the bath solut ... | 2014 | 2467601 |
| potassium conductance in müller cells of fish. | the distribution of potassium conductance across the surface of retinal glial (müller) cells was determined in three species of fishes: two teleosts, the goldfish (carassius auratus) and the alewife (alosa pseudoharengus), and an elasmobranch, the spiny dogfish (squalus acanthias). potassium conductance was measured by monitoring cell depolarizations evoked by focal ejections of a 15 meq/l k+ solution onto the surface of freshly dissociated cells. the k+ conductance distributions observed in the ... | 1988 | 2467883 |
| reversed-phase liquid chromatographic analysis of o-phthaldialdehyde-derivatized free amino-acids in two types of goldfish muscles. | o-phthaldialdehyde-derivatized free amino-acids from muscle tissues of goldfish (carassius auratus l.) were determined using reversed-phase liquid chromatography (3-microns ultrasphere ods) with gradient elution and uv detection of the analyte. an off-line, pre-column derivatization procedure was applied. a full analysis of the derivatives was completed within 40 min. the method showed good selectivity, sensitivity and reproducibility. the developed procedure was employed to quantify free amino- ... | 2008 | 2490753 |
| dopamine inhibition of gonadotropin and alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone release in vitro from the pituitary of the goldfish (carassius auratus). | the purpose of the present investigation was to examine the receptor specificity of dopamine inhibition of gonadotropin (gth) and alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-msh) release from the goldfish (carassius auratus) pituitary in vitro. pars distalis (pd) and neurointermediate lobe (nil) fragments of the goldfish pituitary were superfused in vitro under various experimental paradigms; eluate from pd and nil fragments was analyzed for (gth) and (alpha-msh), respectively. spontaneous gth r ... | 1989 | 2526042 |
| day-night rhythms of shoaling behavior in goldfish: opioid and pineal involvement. | intracerebroventricular (icv) administration of the opioid peptide, beta-endorphin (5.0 pg/g) to goldfish, carassius auratus, significantly increased the cohesiveness and duration of shoaling ('bout' length) in shoals of five fish, as well as decreasing the latency of shoal formation in response to an external disturbance, while a higher dose of beta-endorphin (15 pg/g) decreased shoaling. there were day-night rhythms in shoaling and in the extent of the facilitatory effects of beta-endorphin (5 ... | 1989 | 2532372 |
| alterations in pituitary gnrh and dopamine receptors associated with the seasonal variation and regulation of gonadotropin release in the goldfish (carassius auratus). | seasonal variations in the serum concentrations of gonadotropin (gth) and the serum gth response to intraperitoneal injection of domperidone, a specific dopamine receptor antagonist, were examined in goldfish. in addition, the effects of in vivo treatment of goldfish with a superactive analog of salmon gonadotropin-releasing hormone (sgnrh-a) and domperidone on the binding parameters of pituitary gnrh and dopamine receptors were investigated in goldfish. serum concentrations of gth and the maxim ... | 1989 | 2545515 |
| dopaminergic regulation of pituitary gonadotrophin-releasing hormone receptor activity in the goldfish (carassius auratus). | in goldfish, dopamine acts as an endogenous inhibitor of basal and gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (gnrh)-stimulated gonadotrophin release. the purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of dopamine on the pituitary gnrh receptors in vivo and in vitro in goldfish. the goldfish pituitary contains two classes of gnrh-binding sites, a high-affinity/low-capacity site and low-affinity/high-capacity site. injection of domperidone, a dopamine antagonist, resulted in a dose- and time-re ... | 2008 | 2547004 |
| functional relationship between receptor binding and biological activity for analogs of mammalian and salmon gonadotropin-releasing hormones in the pituitary of goldfish (carassius auratus). | the relationship between gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh) receptor binding and biological activity in the goldfish pituitary for mammalian and salmon gnrh (sgnrh) analogs with structural modification at the c terminus involving replacement of glycine amide with an alkyl amine and replacement of the gly6 residue with d amino acids was examined. the gnrh receptor binding data were analyzed with a computerized curve-fitting program (ligand) for a single as well as two classes of binding sites; ... | 1989 | 2550087 |
| trh stimulates the release of pomc-derived peptides from goldfish melanotropes. | the release of immunoreactive (ir) alpha-msh and ir acth from goldfish (carassius auratus) melanotropes was investigated using superfused isolated dispersed neurointermediate lobe cell columns. stimulation of neurointermediate lobe cell columns with pulses of trh evoked dose-dependent increases in the concomitant release of ir alpha-msh and ir acth. reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (rp-hplc) was used to characterize the alpha-msh and acth immunoreactivities released from a n ... | 2013 | 2555798 |
| relationship between serum growth hormone levels and the brain and pituitary content of immunoreactive somatostatin in the goldfish, carassius auratus l. | in this study, the relationships between endogenous brain and pituitary immunoreactive somatostatin (irsrif) and circulating growth hormone (gh) levels in the goldfish were examined using two approaches. first, the amount of irsrif in extracts of the pituitary gland and various brain regions was measured by radioimmunoassay several times throughout the year and was compared to serum gh levels at each time. the amounts of irsrif in extracts of the pituitary gland, hypothalamus, and telencephalon ... | 1989 | 2564367 |
| evidence that gonadotropin-releasing hormone also functions as a growth hormone-releasing factor in the goldfish. | the present study examined the influence of gnrh on the in vivo and in vitro secretion of gh in the goldfish (carassius auratus). intraperitoneal injection of several gnrh peptides, including a form native to goldfish, salmon gnrh (sgnrh), elevated circulating gh levels in female goldfish. an analog of mammalian gnrh (mgnrh), [d-ala6,pro9-net] mgnrh (mgnrh-a), at a dosage of 0.1 microgram/g bw increased serum gh levels for up to 48 h after a single ip injection. goldfish receiving a series of in ... | 1989 | 2565221 |
| a voltage-clamp analysis of membrane currents in solitary bipolar cells dissociated from carassius auratus. | membrane properties of solitary bipolar cells, mechanically dissociated from the enzyme-treated goldfish retina, were studied under current- and voltage-clamp conditions with 'giga-seal' suction pipettes (pipette solution 138 mm-k). the resting potential of solitary bipolar cells was about -30 mv. they responded to depolarizing current pulses with sustained depolarization, and to hyperpolarizing current pulses with an initial hyperpolarizing transient followed by a sag to a less hyperpolarized l ... | 2008 | 2580078 |
| permeability changes induced by l-glutamate in solitary retinal horizontal cells isolated from carassius auratus. | solitary horizontal cells isolated from goldfish retinae are depolarized by l-glutamate (glu) (ishida, kaneko & tachibana, 1984), a possible candidate for the transmitter of photoreceptors. the underlying mechanisms were analysed under voltage-clamp conditions using 'giga-seal' suction pipettes in the whole-cell recording configuration. glu induced an inward current at the resting membrane potential (ca. -57 mv). membrane depolarization decreased the amplitude of glu-induced current and reversed ... | 1985 | 2580079 |
| effects of l-glutamate on the anomalous rectifier potassium current in horizontal cells of carassius auratus retina. | the effects of externally applied l-glutamate (glu) on k currents through the anomalous rectifier were studied in solitary horizontal cells dissociated from goldfish retinae under whole-cell voltage-clamp or cell-attached patch-clamp conditions using 'giga-seal' suction pipettes. in the whole-cell clamp experiments, hyperpolarization of the membrane below the resting potential (ca. -57 mv) induced a large voltage-dependent inward current which has been identified as the k current through the ano ... | 1985 | 2580080 |
| afferent connections of the valvula cerebelli in two teleosts, the common goldfish and the green sunfish. | the afferent connections of the valvula cerebelli were examined in one cypriniform teleost (carassius auratus) and one perciform teleost (lepomis cyanellus) with the use of horseradish peroxidase as a retrograde tracer. both species have ipsilateral input to the valvula from the central pretectal and dorsal accessory optic nuclei, the dorsal and ventral tegmental nuclei, the lateral nucleus of the valvula, the perilemniscal nucleus, and nucleus isthmi and contralateral input from the inferior ol ... | 2008 | 2592597 |
| serotonergic neurons in the intestine of two teleosts, carassius auratus and oreochromis mossambicus, and the effect of serotonin on transepithelial ion-selectivity and muscle tension. | the application of an antiserum directed against rat serotonin demonstrated serotonin-immunoreactive cell bodies and varicose nerve fibres in the myenteric plexus of both goldfish and tilapia. in the circular muscle layer immunoreactive varicose nerve fibres and a few cell bodies could be detected. a fine network of varicose fibres was observed underlying the epithelial cells. serotonin immunoreactivity was not observed along incoming mesenterial blood vessels, suggesting that the serotonergic n ... | 1989 | 2594202 |
| telencephalic function implicated in food-reinforced color discrimination learning in the goldfish. | the effects of telencephalic ablation on the learning of color discrimination were studied in the goldfish (carassius auratus) to determine the role of the telencephalon in the learning. the performances of normal and telencephalonless animals were compared in relation to their instrumental training rates. the animals were trained to discriminate between blue and green stimulating patches presented simultaneously. normal and telencephalonless animals which underwent ten trials per day were unabl ... | 1989 | 2602497 |
| cell proliferation in the olfactory bulb of adult freshwater teleosts. | the olfactory bulb of adult specimens of carassius auratus was subjected to an autoradiographic study using [3h]thymidine. adult specimens of carassius auratus, barbus meridionalis, cyprinus carpio and salmo gairdneri were also studied using light and electron microscopy. cells were found undergoing mitotic division with two characteristic locations: a group can be seen near to the ventricle or ventricular recess; these cells can be identified as granule cells or precursors of granule cells. oth ... | 2008 | 2606770 |
| eurythermic and stenothermic growth of cultured fish cells and their thermosensitivity. | rbcf-1 cells derived from the caudal fin of the goldfish (carassius auratus) have been established at 37 degrees c, and could grow at a wide range of temperatures (20-37 degrees c). to examine the mechanism(s) of this eurythermic property, we isolated clones from rbcf-1 cells with different optimal growth temperatures. r37 clone grew continuously at 37 degrees c but could not grow at 27 degrees c. r27 clone grew continuously at 27 degrees c but could not grow at 37 degrees c. thus r37 and r27 ce ... | 1989 | 2606945 |
| populations of retinal neurones marked with dapi in lower vertebrates. | retinae of teleosts, the marine sparid boops boops and the fresh water cyprinid carassius auratus, and amphibians, the anuran rana pipiens and the urodele ambystoma tigrinum, were stained in vitro with dapi (4'6-diamidino 2-phenylindole). in all the preparations tested dapi consistently stained nuclei in the ganglion cell layer, and three levels of nuclei could be observed from ipl (inner plexiform layer) to inl (inner nuclear layer) in the bogue, goldfish and frog retinae. in the goldfish retin ... | 2008 | 2620706 |
| the spectral transmission of the lens and cornea of the brown trout (salmo trutta) and goldfish (carassius auratus)--effect of age and implications for ultraviolet vision. | this study reports spectral transmission curves (250-700 nm) for the lenses and corneas of two teleost species known to be u.v. sensitive; brown trout (salmo trutta) aged 0-3 yr, and goldfish (carassius auratus) aged 0-4 yr. in both cases there is a decrease in lenticular short-wave transmission with increased age which cannot be explained by an increase in lens size alone. corneas of goldfish go through a similar ageing process while those of the trout do not. an orange pigmentation located in ... | 1989 | 2623828 |
| evidence for the involvement of endogenous opioids in the regulation of gonadotropin secretion in male goldfish, carassius auratus. | the in vivo effects of the opioid receptor antagonist naloxone (nal) alone, and in combination with des-gly10[d-ala6]lhrh ethylamide (lhrh-a) and the dopamine receptor antagonist domperidone (dom) on serum gonadotropic hormone (gth) levels in male goldfish, carassius auratus, were investigated. nal caused a significant decrease in serum gth 1 hr following treatment, with a return to control levels by 2 hr. nal treatment attenuated the stimulation of gth levels in response to dom; nal treatment 2 ... | 1989 | 2646173 |
| infection ability of watermolds in some temperate fishes of himalaya, india. | infection ability tests of four species of the saprolegniales viz., brevilegnia subclavata couch, geolegnia inflata coker & braxton, protoachlya oryzae khulbe and scoliolegnia centrica khulbe were made by artificial inoculation experiments. except geolegnia inflata, all the three species parasitized the test fishes (carassius auratus l., puntius conchonius ham., p. ticto ham. and nemacheilus rupicola). two chemicals, namely boric acid and potassium permanganate were effective at 0.1 to 0.15 m co ... | 1989 | 2710158 |
| interocular transfer of preoperatively trained visual discriminations in goldfish (carassius auratus) following selective commissure transections. | goldfish were monocularly trained on either a red/green or circle/square discrimination task to show a differential classically conditioned cardiac deceleration. combined section of the minor and horizontal commissure was then performed in animals trained on the colour problem, and transection of the posterior commissure in fish which had acquired the shape task. both groups were then examined for retention and transfer. the results indicate that the engram for colour is fully represented bilate ... | 2009 | 2713082 |
| selective utilization of serum vitamin a for visual pigment synthesis. | two groups of goldfish (carassius auratus) were subjected to light and temperature conditions known to promote a contrast in their scotopic visual pigment compositions. after 3 weeks, the porphyropsin/rhodopsin ratio in the neuroretina of these goldfish ranged from 99% porphyropsin in one group to 59% in the other. samples of blood, liver and retinal pigment epithelium (rpe) were also removed from these animals and analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) for vitamin a compositi ... | 1989 | 2723579 |
| in vitro binding characteristics of [3h]spiperone to the pituitary of the goldfish (carassius auratus). | homogenates of the pituitary of the goldfish (carassius auratus) were incubated with [3h]spiperone under various experimental paradigms to evaluate the binding characteristics of the goldfish pituitary dopamine receptor. binding was tissue specific as binding of [3h]spiperone to goldfish pituitary was greater than other tissue types examined, and the magnitude of binding was found to be dependent on pituitary (protein) content; also, specific binding was heat labile. association was rapid and bi ... | 1989 | 2737456 |
| the effects of dopamine on temperature regulation in goldfish. | microinjections of dopamine (da) were made into specific forebrain loci in goldfish (carassius auratus: 40-85 g) to study the involvement of da in behavioral thermoregulation. injections of 25, 50, 100 and 250 ng da into the anterior aspect of the nucleus preopticus periventricularis (npp) led to consistent, dose-dependent decreases in selected temperature. minor decreases or no effect on selected temperature was observed following injections of 5 or 10 ng da. injections of the control solution ... | 2009 | 2738204 |
| fmrfamide immunoreactivity in the brain and pituitary of carassius auratus (cyprinidae, teleostei). | neurons immunoreactive for the molluscan cardioactive peptide fmrfamide (fmrfi) in the brain of carassius were demonstrated immunohistochemically with the peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique (pap) and three antisera against this tetrapeptide. fmrfi perikarya were consistently found in the ganglion of the nervus terminalis, in some scattered neurons of the nucleus entopeduncularis, in the nucleus praeopticus pars magno- and parvocellularis, the nucleus ventromedialis, the nucleus posterior perive ... | 1989 | 2745972 |
| bifurcation analysis of nonlinear retinal horizontal cell models. i. properties of isolated cells. | 1. bifurcation theory is used to study properties of nonlinear analytical and computational models of isolated retinal horizontal cells. the analytical model is based on the published data of shingai and christensen describing steady-state i-v characteristics of horizontal cells isolated from catfish (ictalurus punctatus) retina. the computational model is based on i-v characteristics of distinct macroscopic membrane currents observed in horizontal cells isolated from goldfish (carassius auratus ... | 1989 | 2769357 |
| the temporal evolution of masking and frequency selectivity in the goldfish (carassius auratus). | the temporal evolution of masking and frequency selectivity was studied in the goldfish using classical respiratory conditioning and a tracking psychophysical procedure. the temporal position of a brief tonal signal within a longer duration, tonal masker has little or no effect on signal detectability when the frequency of the masker is less than or equal to that of the signal. for masker frequencies above that of the signal, signal detectability improves as the signal onset is delayed relative ... | 1989 | 2794245 |
| cyclosporine nephropathy: inhibition of osmoregulatory renal cell transport. | the immunosuppressant agent cyclosporine (sandimmune) is a calmodulin inhibitor that has potent nephrotoxic properties. recently, it has been observed that osmoregulation in the proximal tubules of the bony fish carassius auratus (goldfish) is a calmodulin-regulated cell function. as their mammalian counterparts do, these renal tubule cells swell when exposed to hypotonic solutions. this is followed by a slower volume regulatory decrease phase owing to kcl efflux and osmotically obligated water. ... | 2015 | 2802513 |
| peripheral distribution and central projections of the lateral-line nerves in goldfish, carassius auratus. | the lateral-line system of the goldfish, carassius auratus, is described from the receptor distribution on the body surface to the termination of the primary afferents within the octavolateralis column. goldfish have a continuous lateral-line canal system which consists of supraorbital, infraorbital, operculomandibular and supratemporal commissural canals on the head and a trunk canal extending the length of the trunk. there is a single neuromast between each 2 canal pores. the total number of c ... | 1989 | 2819411 |
| descending projection neurons to the spinal cord of the goldfish, carassius auratus. | the sources of descending spinal tracts in the goldfish, carassius auratus, were visualized by retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (hrp) administered to the hemisected spinal cord. in the diencephalon, hrp-positive neurons were identified in the nucleus preopticus magnocellularis pars magnocellularis and ventromedial nucleus of the thalamus of the ipsilateral side. in the mesencephalic tegmentum, a few somata of the contralateral nucleus ruber and several ipsilateral neurons of the nu ... | 1987 | 2826554 |
| evidence for a gonadotropin-releasing hormone binding protein in goldfish (carassius auratus) serum. | the binding of salmon gonadotropin-releasing hormone (sgnrh) and its superactive analog, [d-arg6, pro9-net]-sgnrh, to a macromolecular component in goldfish serum was studied, using 125i-[d-arg6, pro9-net]-sgnrh and 125i-sgnrh as labeled ligands. bound was separated from free labeled ligand by gel filtration with sephadex g-50. the binding of labeled ligand to goldfish serum was dose-dependent. the results indicate a single class of binding site having low affinity and high capacity. the existen ... | 1988 | 2835284 |
| cytological responses of the pituitary (rostral pars distalis) and immunoreactive corticotropin-releasing factor (crf) in the goldfish treated with dopamine antagonists. | the in vivo effects of three dopamine (da) antagonists on the cytology of the rostral pars distalis (rpd) were investigated in young goldfish (carassius auratus l.). pimozide, sulpiride, and domperidone were injected for 5 (low dose, experiment i) and 7 days (higher dose, experiment ii). cytological and immunocytochemical techniques using antisera to (1-24) acth and (1-39) acth, human beta-thyrotropin (tsh beta), and synthetic (1-41) crf were applied to pituitary and brain sections. cytometrical ... | 1988 | 2847956 |
| the energetic cost of the fever response in three species of ectothermic vertebrates. | three species of ectothermic vertebrates: goldfish (carassius auratus), green tree frogs (hyla cinerea), and desert iguanas (dipsosaurus dorsalis) were used in this study. metabolic rates for each species were determined at the normal afebrile preferred body temperature and at the febrile preferred body temperature or other higher body temperatures. the febrile metabolic rate (or higher rate) was significantly greater than the afebrile metabolic rate (or lower rate) in each species. the average ... | 1985 | 2863044 |
| free amino acid content in the skin mucus of goldfish, carassius auratus l.: influence of feeding. | free amino acid contents in skin extracts and influence of food and starvation on free amino acid content in skin mucus were analysed in sexually immature goldfish. free amino acid concentration in skin mucus (91.1 mumol/g dry wt) was higher than in deep skin (54 mumol/g) or in whole skin (56.6 mumol/g) extracts. free amino acid compositions were very similar in the latter extracts. they both differed from skin mucus extract in taurine, glutamic acid, glycine and histidine relative contents. fre ... | 1985 | 2864212 |
| neural response mechanisms in the photoreceptive pineal organ of goldfish. | in order to classify the different cell types involved in signal transmission of the photoreceptive pineal organ of the goldfish, carassius auratus, intra- and extracellular electrical responses were recorded from photoreceptors and second-order neurons. photoreceptor responses to light consisted of hyperpolarizing potentials up to 30 mv. the responses were graded with intensity and their voltage-intensity relation followed the hyperbolic function v/vmax = in/in + sigma n. latencies varied betwe ... | 1986 | 2874927 |
| area postrema of the goldfish, carassius auratus: ultrastructure, fiber connections, and immunocytochemistry. | the area postrema in goldfish is a dorsal midline structure in the caudal medulla spanning the level of the obex. as in other vertebrates, the sinus capillaries of the area postrema in goldfish are fenestrated. in goldfish, however, the area postrema is organized in a unique laminar fashion; from superficial to deep: meninx, vasculature, palisade layer, cell body layer, and ventral neuropil layer. virtually all of the neurons of the area postrema exhibit tyrosine hydroxylase-like immunoreactivit ... | 1987 | 2880881 |
| the influence of mammalian and teleost somatostatins on the secretion of growth hormone from goldfish (carassius auratus l.) pituitary fragments in vitro. | the effect of various vertebrate somatostatins (srif) on basal growth hormone (gh) secretion from goldfish pituitary fragments was studied using an in vitro perifusion system. srif-14 caused a rapid and dose-dependent decrease in the rate of gh release from goldfish pituitary fragments. the half-maximal effective dose (ed50) of srif-14 was calculated as 1.3 nm following exposure to two minute pulses of increasing concentrations of srif-14, whereas the ed50 of srif-14 calculated after continuous ... | 1987 | 2882564 |
| cd-metallothionein and metal-enzymes interactions in the goldfish carassius auratus. | goldfish injected with cadmium chloride synthesized metallothionein. ten days after the first injection, cadmium reached a maximum in the metallothionein peak (2 micrograms/ml) obtained after gel filtration of liver cytosol. pyruvate kinase activity was inhibited from the beginning of the experiment; after the fourth day, the enzyme activity again started to increase but did not reach the control level. alkaline phosphatase and fructose biphosphatase did not show any apparent inhibition. from th ... | 1987 | 2882916 |
| environmental and injected cadmium are sequestered by two major isoforms of basal copper, zinc-metallothionein in gibel (carassius auratus langsdorfi) liver. | gibels were exposed to cadmium in their aquarium at a concentration of 10 micrograms cd/l for up to 39 weeks. distributions of cadmium, copper and zinc in the liver soluble fraction were determined along with sulfur by high performance liquid chromatography-inductively coupled argon plasma-atomic emission spectrometry. cadmium was sequestered by the two major isoforms of gibel metallothionein as in the case of cadmium injected intraperitoneally into gibel. several peaks with cadmium, copper, zin ... | 1987 | 2885146 |
| stimulation of renal phosphate secretion in the stenohaline freshwater teleost: carassius auratus gibelio bloch. | 1. renal excretion of phosphate in the prussian carp was modulated by tubular reabsorption and tubular secretion. 2. under the conditions of an i.v. phosphate-load during which the plasma concentration of phosphate was doubled, 65% of the phosphate load was excreted by the kidney, mainly by tubular secretion. 3. the renal clearance of pah markedly exceeded the clearance of polyfructosan which could be used for the measurement of the gfr. 4. a transport maximum for tubular pah secretion was reach ... | 1987 | 2886277 |
| localization of immunoreactive tyrosine hydroxylase in the goldfish brain. | this report describes the distribution of tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive (th-ir) structures in the brain of the goldfish (carassius auratus). the localization of th-ir cell groups revealed by immunocytochemical techniques is largely in accordance with catecholamine distribution previously reported in teleosts by using monoamine fluorescence; however, in the telencephalon and diencephalon, several new cell groups are elucidated. in the telencephalon, th-ir cell bodies are observed in the olf ... | 1987 | 2887592 |
| in-vivo evaluation of dopamine receptor-mediated inhibition of gonadotrophin secretion from the pituitary gland of the goldfish, carassius auratus. | dopamine acts directly on the pituitary to modulate gonadotrophin (gth) secretion in goldfish (carassius auratus). in the light of this important role for dopamine in the regulation of goldfish reproduction, this investigation was designed to evaluate the receptor specificity of this dopamine inhibition and to describe the use of domperidone, a specific dopamine d2-receptor antagonist, in the manipulation of pituitary function in goldfish. to investigate the specificity of dopamine inhibition of ... | 2010 | 2889788 |
| distribution of monoamine-containing neurons in the brain of a teleost, carassius auratus (cyprinidae). | the occurrence and distribution of monoamine-(ma) containing neurons and fibres in the brain of carassius was investigated by formaldehyde-induced fluorescence (fif) histochemistry (falck-hillarp technique). many brightly green-fluorescent nerve cell perikarya were found in the nucleus dorsolateralis and ventromedialis, in the nucleus posterioris periventricularis, in the nucleus recessus lateralis and posterioris. they also occurred in the mesencephalic nucleus lateralis valvulae, in the metenc ... | 1987 | 2891747 |
| intensity discrimination of pulsed tones by the goldfish (carassius auratus). | intensity discrimination thresholds for 500-ms pure-tone bursts were measured as a function of frequency in the goldfish (carassius auratus) using classical respiratory conditioning. at 55-db sensation level (sl), thresholds range from 1.44-2.2 db between 100 and 1600 hz. there is not important effect of frequency on intensity discrimination. thresholds at 35-db sl average 0.7 db higher than at 55-db sl. this is a small difference in the context of the threshold variability. in intensity discrim ... | 1989 | 2921423 |
| frequency discrimination in the goldfish (carassius auratus): effects of roving intensity, sensation level, and the direction of frequency change. | the ability of goldfish to detect a change in the frequency of 400-hz pure-tone bursts was studied using classical respiratory conditioning. the frequency discrimination threshold was measured at 15-, 35-, and 55-db sensation level (sl), under conditions of (1) constant intensity, (2) roving intensity (plus and minus 6-db burst-to-burst variation in intensity), (3) upward frequency change, and (4) downward frequency change. there was no overall effect of sl on frequency discrimination, but rovin ... | 1989 | 2921424 |
| [new species of myxosporidians in the genus myxobolus (myxosporidia, myxobolidae) from cyprinid fishes of the amur river]. | five new species are described as follows: m. haematopterus from gills, fins and skin of cyprinus carpio haematopterus; m. gibelio from connective tissue of gill filaments, fin rays and kidneys of carassius auratus gibelio; myxobolus waleckii from gills of leuciscus waleckii; myxobolus junchisi from gills, muscles, kidneys and spleen of cyprinus carpio haematopterus; m. alacaudatus of cyprinus and carassius myxobolus divergens carassii from gills, muscles, fins, and cartilaginous tissue of operc ... | 2009 | 2947035 |
| separation and partial characterization by high-performance liquid chromatography and radioimmunoassay of different forms of melanocyte-stimulating hormone from fish (cyprinidae) neurointermediate lobes. | from neurointermediate lobe (nil) extracts of two species of cyprinidae, carassius auratus and cyprinus carpio, several peptides were separated by high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) on a c18 mubondapak column eluted with a methanol/acetic acid/triethylamine mixture. monitoring all fractions by radioimmunoassay (ria) with an antibody against melanocyte-stimulating hormone (msh) c terminal gave positive reactions for fractions 7, 11-12, 15-16, 23-24, and 25-27. for further characterizat ... | 1985 | 2984088 |
| nucleotide sequence comparison of the predicted first exonic region of goldfish ras gene between normal and neoplastic tissues. | the first exonic and its flanking regions of a ras-related gene in cultured erythrophoroma cells and normal liver of goldfish (carassius auratus) were sequenced and their sequences compared. the two samples demonstrated identical sequences for the alu i fragment of 245 nucleotides, of which 70 nucleotides might correspond to the 5'-upstream segment and 64 to the first intervening sequence, indicating that the predicted exonic region encodes from the 1st to the 37th amino acids from the n-termina ... | 2009 | 3029139 |
| intra-axonal labeling of saccular afferents in the goldfish, carassius auratus: correlations between morphological and physiological characteristics. | lucifer yellow was used to label axons of 32 physiologically defined s1 afferent fibers and 23 physiologically defined s2 afferent fibers of the goldfish sacculus. analysis of these labeled fibers allowed us to study the relationship between electrical activity in these primary neurons and the morphology of their peripheral arborizations in the sensory macula. morphological characteristics were highly indicative of response type: the peripheral arborizations of individual s1 fibers occupied a re ... | 1987 | 3034987 |
| characterization of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh) binding to pituitary receptors in goldfish (carassius auratus). | goldfish pituitary gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh) receptors were characterized by using a superagonist analog of teleost gnrh (tgnrh-a; [d-arg6, trp7, leu8, pro9-nhet]-gnrh). equilibrium binding of 125i-tgnrh-a to a goldfish pituitary membrane preparation was achieved after a 30-min incubation at 4 degrees c; binding was significantly reduced after increasing incubation temperature to 22 degrees c. binding of the radioligand was a function of tissue concentration, with a linear correlatio ... | 1987 | 3036262 |
| purification of black moor goldfish melanophores and responses to epinephrine. | two key modifications of the previously reported method for isolation of goldfish xanthophores allowed the isolation and establishment of primary cultures of terminally differentiated melanophores from the black moor goldfish (carassius auratus). first, pretreatment with 10(-4) m epinephrine causing aggregation of the melanosomes and collapse of the dendrites, prevents damage to the melanophores during tissue dissociation and melanophore isolation. second, maintenance of these cells in culture w ... | 1987 | 3036762 |
| differential distribution of two molecular forms of gonadotropin-releasing hormone in discrete brain areas of goldfish (carassius auratus). | two molecular forms of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh) were identified in the extracts of various brain areas, spinal cord and pituitary in female and male goldfish and had chromatographic and immunological properties similar to [his5, trp7, tyr8]-gnrh (cgnrh-ii) and [trp7,leu8]-gnrh (sgnrh). radioimmunoassay using different gnrh antisera after high pressure liquid chromatography did not reveal significant peaks of mammalian gnrh, [gln8]-gnrh and [tyr3,leu5,glu6,trp7,lys8]-gnrh in the brai ... | 2006 | 3047700 |
| immunoreactive dopamine beta-hydroxylase in neuronal groups in the goldfish brain. | dopamine beta-hydroxylase immunoreactivity is visualized by immunocytochemical techniques for the first time in brainstem neurons of a teleost, the goldfish, carassius auratus. three anatomically separate populations of immunoreactive cells are elucidated: one group of moderately stained cells is identified in the isthmal tegmentum; a second group forms a continuous column of densely stained cells, lateral or dorsolateral to the medial longitudinal fasciculus from the midmedulla to the medullosp ... | 1988 | 3069181 |
| putative immunoglobulin vh genes of the goldfish, carassius auratus, detected by heterologous cross-hybridization with a murine vh probe. | by using a defined cdna probe for the vh region of a murine phosphocholine-binding myeloma protein (s107) we have defined a family of distinct cross-hybridizing dna sequences in genomic dna of the goldfish. the estimated number of the goldfish putative vh family detectable by the s107 probe is about 36. by using two putative goldfish vh probes to analyze, by hybridization, the relationships among seven of the goldfish genomic clones, we have determined that the putative goldfish vh genes recogni ... | 1986 | 3094229 |
| immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region gene evolution: structure and family relationships of two genes and a pseudogene in a teleost fish. | nucleotide sequences for two immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region (vh) genes and one pseudogene in the goldfish (carassius auratus) and the family relationships and distribution of these genes in individual fish are presented. comparison of the nucleotide and inferred amino acid sequences of goldfish and other vertebrate vh genes indicates that goldfish vh genes show the major vh gene regulatory and structural features (5'-putative promoter region, split hydrophobic leader, three framework ... | 1988 | 3125551 |
| spectral sensitivity of the electroretinogram b-wave in dark-adapted goldfish. | the action spectrum of the erg b-wave was measured under dark-adapted conditions in intact goldfish (carassius auratus). it is substantially broader than the absorption spectrum of goldfish rod porphyropsin. neither prolonged dark adaptation nor removal of possible efferent neural activity affected its shape. moreover, a 682-nm background did not produce a selective loss of sensitivity to long wavelengths. the results imply that the spectral sensitivity of the b-wave in dark-adapted goldfish ref ... | 1988 | 3154793 |
| size constancy in goldfish (carassius auratus). | this study examines whether fish are able to judge the real size of objects taking distance into account, or if size judgements are based purely on the angle objects subtend on the retina. goldfish were trained to discriminate between 2 targets which differed from one another only in their diameters (5 cm and 10 cm), presented initially equidistantly from the fish. a choice of the correct target was rewarded either by food or by access to other fish. following successful training, the targets we ... | 1988 | 3166706 |
| synergism at central synapses due to lateral diffusion of transmitter. | recordings of inhibitory postsynaptic currents in the goldfish (carassius auratus) mauthner cell demonstrate nonlinear interactions when adjacent synapses are coactivated. responses evoked by single presynaptic neurons were paired with those due to activation of a limited pool of similar inhibitory cells. in about 50% of the experiments the compound currents were substantially larger than the sum of their individual components. potentiation was maximal when the two responses occurred nearly simu ... | 1988 | 3186753 |
| detection of pentachlorophenol and its glucuronide and sulfate conjugates in fish bile and exposure water. | the glucuronide and sulfate conjugates of pentachlorophenol (pcp) that were present in the bile and exposure water of goldfish (carassius auratus) were used to develop methodology to quantify pcp and its metabolites. reverse phase hplc with radioactivity detection separated pcp and its metabolites, and was used to verify a method of quantification that used differential extraction and scintillation counting. extractions of aqueous phase at ph 2 or 8, with butanol, ethyl acetate, or ether indicat ... | 1988 | 3192907 |
| daily cycles in plasma melatonin levels under long or short photoperiod in the common carp, cyprinus carpio. | a radioimmunoassay (ria) for plasma melatonin (mlt) was simplified for use with the common carp (cyprinus carpio). plasma was partially purified with sep-pak c18 cartridge before ria. the inhibition curves for the sep-pak c18 fraction from the plasma of carp, goldfish (carassius auratus), yellow tail (seriola quinqueradiata), japanese eel (anguilla japonica), bora (mugil cephalus cephalus), kisu (sillago japonica), ishigarei (kareius bicoloratus), and shimaisaki (rhyncopelates oxyrhynchus) were ... | 1988 | 3197949 |
| afferent projections of the trigeminal nerve in the goldfish, carassius auratus. | the horseradish peroxidase (hrp) histochemical technique was used to examine the peripheral distribution and afferent projections of the trigeminal nerve in the goldfish, carassius auratus. sensory fibers of the trigeminal nerve distribute over the head via four branches. the ophthalmic branch distributes fibers to the region above the eye and naris. the maxillary and mandibular branches innervate the regions of the upper and lower lip, respectively. a fourth branch of the trigeminal nerve was d ... | 1988 | 3216394 |
| connections of the corpus cerebelli in the green sunfish and the common goldfish: a comparison of perciform and cypriniform teleosts. | examination of the connections of the corpus cerebelli in one perciform (lepomis cyanellus) and one cypriniform teleost (carassius auratus) reveal that ipsilateral afferent connections in both species arise from an anterior group of nuclei in the diencephalon and mesencephalon, and a posterior group of nuclei in the rhombencephalon. some nuclei of the anterior group and all those of the posterior group have in addition a weaker, and the medial octavolateralis nucleus a stronger, contralateral co ... | 1988 | 3233488 |
| immunohistochemical demonstration of calbindin-d 28k (cabp28k) in the spinal cord motoneurons of teleost fish. | the distribution and localization of the calcium-binding protein, calbindin-d 28k (cabp28k), in the spinal cord motoneurons of larvae of the teleost fish, apteronotus leptorhynchus (gymnotidae) and pollimyrus isidori (mormyridae), and in the adult goldfish, carassius auratus (cyprinidae), were determined by means of immunohistochemistry. sections of whole larvae and goldfish spinal cord were reacted with a polyclonal antibody to rat renal cabp28k. cabp28k was located by the pap technique (sternb ... | 1988 | 3233655 |
| cardiac, ventilatory and behavioural arousal responses evoked by electrical brain stimulation in the goldfish (carassius auratus). | goldfish (carassius auratus) were fitted with intracranial stainless steel microelectrodes for electrical evocation of behavioural arousal and its cardiac and ventilatory correlates. behaviour was monitored on a videosystem and ecg electrodes and a buccal catheter were implanted to monitor physiological responses. thresholds for responses were described in relation to the current spread likely to excite cns tissue. two types of responses were obtained. these were (a) cardiac and ventilatory resp ... | 1988 | 3237785 |
| serotonin stimulates gonadotropin release in female and male goldfish, carassius auratus l. | effects of serotonin (5-ht) on serum gonadotropin (gth) levels were studied in female and male goldfish, carassius auratus l. intraperintoneal (ip) administration of 5-ht (10 micrograms/g) produced a significant increase in serum levels of gth at 0.5, 1, and 2 hr but not at 3-4 hours, after the drug was injected. administration of different concentrations of 5-ht into the brain third ventricle (iv) did not affect serum gth levels. in both sexes, the intraperitoneal administration of different do ... | 1988 | 3266487 |