Publications

TitleAbstractYear
Filter
PMID(sorted ascending)
Filter
serotonin directly stimulates cortisol secretion from the interrenals in goldfish.while serotonin (5-ht) can stimulate the hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal stress axis in fish, the specific site(s) of 5-ht action are poorly understood. in this study, goldfish (carassius auratus) were injected intraperitoneally with either saline or the 5-ht1a/7 receptor agonist 8-oh-dpat at a dose of 100 or 400 μg/kg body weight and sampled 1.5 and 8 h post-injection. relative to unhandled controls, the saline and 100 μg/kg 8-oh-dpat treatments elicited similar transient 5- to 7-fold increas ...201324013027
in vivo anthelmintic effect of flavonol rhamnosides from dryopteris crassirhizoma against dactylogyrus intermedius in goldfish (carassius auratus).the purpose of the present study was to assess the anthelmintic property of plant-derived polyphenolic compounds extracted and isolated from dryopteris crassirhizoma against dactylogyrus intermedius in goldfish. the active ethyl acetate extract was loaded on an open silica gel column and eluted with chloroform-methanol. according to (1)h-nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr), (13)c-nmr, and mass spectral data, the structures of three purified compounds were identified as protocatechuic acid, sutchuen ...201324013342
biomarkers of effects of hypoxia and oil-shale contaminated sediments in laboratory-exposed gibel carp (carassius auratus gibelio).in north-east estonia, considerable amounts of toxicants (e.g. polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs), phenols, heavy metals) leach into water bodies through discharges from the oil-shale industry. in addition, natural and anthropogenic hypoxic events in water bodies affect the health of aquatic organisms. here we report a study on the combined effects of contaminated sediment and hypoxia on the physiology of gibel carp (carssius auratus gibelio). we conducted a laboratory exposure study that i ...201324018143
a specific genomic organization and a novel promoter sequence for both zp2 and zp3 gene expressions in the pingxiang red transparent crucian carp, carassius auratus var. pingxiangnensis.we cloned the full-length cdna of zp2 from carassius auratus var. pingxiangnensis (cap_zp2) and identified a cluster of three zp genes through its dna walker. these three genes, cap_zp3.1, cap_zp2 and cap_zp3.2 were located within a 10,855bp region and each comprised of eight exons spanning 1348bp, 1638bp and 1348bp, respectively. protein bands of egg membrane between 40 and 70kda were in concordance with the deduced amino acid of these three cap_zp genes cdna and with their molecular mass. this ...201324029638
multibiomarker responses upon exposure to tetrabromobisphenol a in the freshwater fish carassius auratus.tetrabromobisphenol a (tbbpa) is a widely used brominated flame retardant. it has been released into aquatic environments, where it is toxic to aquatic organisms. in the present study, five enzymes, glutathione-s-transferase (gst), aspartate aminotransferase (ast), alanine aminotransferase (alt), udp-glucuronosyltransferase (udpgt), and the antioxidant enzyme glutathione reductase (gr) in serum and liver of crucian carp (carassius auratus) were selected for screening. these enzymes may be suitab ...201324055989
[influence of 175-m-impoundment in three gorges reservoir area on the food web energy sources of main commercial fishes in backwater area of xiaojiang river].the impoundment in the three gorges reservoir area (tgra) was first reached 175 m in 2010. to approach the influence of this impoundment on the food web energy sources of fishes in the tributaries of trga, an analysis was made on the food web energy sources of seven economically important fishes (carassius auratus, cyprinus carpio, silurus asotus, culter mongolicus mongolicus, mystus macropterus, pelteobagrus vachelli, and pelteobagrus nitidus) in the backwater area of xiaojiang river by using s ...201324066562
a simple and affordable calorespirometer for assessing the metabolic rates of fishes.calorimetry is the measurement of the heat liberated during energy transformations in chemical reactions. when applied to living organisms, it measures the heat released due to the energy transformations associated with metabolism under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. this is in contrast to the often-used respirometric techniques for assessing energy turnover, which can only be used under fully aerobic conditions. accordingly, calorimetry is considered the 'gold standard' for quantifying ...201324072793
effects of selected metal oxide nanoparticles on multiple biomarkers in carassius auratus.to study the biological effects of nanoscale copper oxide (ncuo), zinc oxide (nzno), cerium dioxide (nceo2) and their mixtures on carassius auratus.201324099608
pcb-153 and temperature cause restructuring of goldfish membranes: homeoviscous response to a chemical fluidiser.ortho-substituted pcbs intercalate between membrane phospholipids similarly to cholesterol and increase fluidity. ectothermic animals have a well-developed homeoviscous response to counter the fluidising effect of temperature and avoid the disruption of membrane proteins. however, it remains unknown whether chemical fluidisation can also activate a homeoviscous response or interfere with normal acclimation to temperature. the fatty acid composition and cholesterol content of membranes from gill, ...201324121159
histopathological findings on carassius auratus hepatopancreas upon exposure to acrylamide: correlation with genotoxicity and metabolic alterations.acrylamide is an amide used in several industrial applications making it easily discharged to aquatic ecosystems. the toxicity of acrylamide to aquatic organisms is scarcely known, although previous studies with murine models provided evidence for deleterious effects. to assess the effects of acrylamide to freshwater fish, goldfish (carassius auratus l.) were exposed to several concentrations of waterborne acrylamide and analysed for genotoxic damage, alterations to detoxifying enzymes and histo ...201424122845
oxidative stress as a mechanism for toxicity of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d): studies with goldfish gills.the effects of exposure to the widely used herbicide, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d), at environmentally permitted (1 mg l(-1)), slightly toxic (10 mg l(-1)), and highly toxic (100 mg l(-1)) concentrations were analyzed in gills of goldfish, carassius auratus, a popular fish model for ecotoxicological research. fish were exposed to the pesticide in water for 96 h and an additional group of fish were treated by the highest 2,4-d concentration and then allowed to recover for further 96 h. ...201324126883
pb and cd bioaccumulations in the habitat and preys of red-crowned cranes (grus japonensis) in zhalong wetland, northeastern china.pb and cd concentrations in the habitat and preys of the red-crowned crane (i.e., reed rhizomes and three typical aquatic animal families (perccottus glehni dybowski, carassius auratus linnaeus, and viviparidae)) were analyzed to examine the impact of these hazards on red-crowned cranes in northeastern china. results indicated that pb and cd concentrations in the preys of the red-crowned cranes were elevated via food chain. most of the detected pb and cd contents in the sediments were above the ...201324132464
enhanced bioaccumulation of pentachlorophenol in carp in the presence of multi-walled carbon nanotubes.the impact of suspended particles on the bioavailability of pollutants has long been a controversial topic. in this study, adsorption of pentachlorophenol (pcp) onto a natural suspended particulate matter (spm) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (mwcnts) was studied. facilitated transports of pcp into carp by spm and mwcnts were evaluated by bioaccumulation tests exposing carp (carassius auratus red var.) to pcp-contaminated water in the presence of spm and mwcnts, respectively. desorption of pcp ...201424151027
pyrene-stimulated reactive oxygen species generation and oxidative damage in carassius auratus.laboratory experiments were carried out to understand the toxicology of pyrene in the goldfish carassius auratus and investigate the potential oxidative stress induced by reactive oxygen species (ros) in vivo in a time-dependent manner. pyrene bioaccumulation, induction of reactive oxygen species and the consequent biochemical responses in the liver of the fish were examined. fish were exposed to 0.05 mg/l pyrene for different periods. the pyrene concentration in fish liver was analyzed by high ...201424171415
effects of chlorpyrifos on the transcription of cyp3a cdna, activity of acetylcholinesterase, and oxidative stress response of goldfish (carassius auratus).chlorpyrifos (cpf) is the widely used organophosphate pesticide in agriculture throughout the world. it has been found that cpf is relatively safe to human but highly toxic to fish. in this study, acute toxicity of cpf on goldfish was determined and then the transcription of goldfish cytochrome p450 (cyp) 3a was evaluated after 96 h of cpf exposure at concentrations of 15.3 [1/10 50% lethal concentration (lc50 )] or 51 μg l(-1) (1/3 lc50 ) of cpf. meanwhile, the enzymatic activities of acetylcho ...201524190793
characterization of growth hormone binding sites in the goldfish,carassius auratus: effects of hypophysectomy and hormone injection.a recombinant carp growth hormone (rcgh) was used to develop for a gh radioreceptor binding assay in the goldfish (carassius auratus). specific binding of(125)i-rcgh to goldfish liver membranes was a ph, time, temperature, and membrane protein dependent process. scatchard and ligand analysis indicated a single class of high affinity and low capacity binding site, with an association constant (ka) of 1.9×10(10) m(-1) and a maximum binding capacity (bmax) of 9 fmol mg(-1) protein. liver tissue dis ...199624194089
hematological response in fish: pronephric and splenic involvements in the goldfish,carassius auratus l.pronephric and splenic involvements in erythropoiesis and in stress-induced hematological response by goldfish,carassius auratus, were examined under conditions of minimal stress and following transient (3h) temperature-induced elevation of o2 demand and transient (3h) exposure to hypoxia. although hemoglobin content and red cell numbers were little affected, the ontogenic composition of the circulating erythrocyte population was significantly altered by both types of respiratory challenge and a ...199624194357
variable versus constant temperature acclimation regimes: effects on hemoglobin isomorph profile in goldfish,carassius auratus.goldfish,carassius auratus, were acclimated for 2 to 3.5 weeks to three temperature regimes: [1] temporally-constant (10, 20 and 30°c), [2] diurnally-cycling (20 ± 10°c) and [3] randomly-fluctuating (± 2°c at approximately 2h intervals between extremes of 10 and 30°c). no significant differences in hematocrit were evident. hemoglobin levels in fish at constant 30°c and under randomly fluctuating temperature were significantly elevated. of the three hemoglobin isomorphs observed, the two minor co ...199424197140
overripening of ovulated eggs in goldfish, carassius auratus: ii. possible involvement of postovulatory follicles and steroids.changes in steroid hormone levels in the serum and ovarian fluid during overripening were studied in goldfish. ovulated eggs retained in the ovarian cavity became overripe at around 12h after ovulation based on loss of fertilizability, with advanced degeneration by 24h. blood and ovarian fluid were taken at 0, 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24h after ovulation. both serum and ovarian fluid progesterone (p) showed a highly significant decline by 18h with a further decline by 24h; p levels were higher in the ov ...199524197445
the establishment of an intestinal microflora in developing goldfish (carassius auratus) of culture ponds.the bacterial flora in the intestinal tract of goldfish (carassius auratus) was investigated at different stages of fish development. the floras of the diets and the water and sediment of a culture pond were also analyzed. the total counts in the intestine ranged from 2.2 × 10(6)-2.1 × 10(8) cells g(-1) wet weight.aeromonas hydrophila, a. punctata, pseudomonas, bacteroidaceae andclostridium species were the common components in the intestinal tract of goldfish from larvae to adult stage.bacteroi ...198824201410
heavy metal bioaccumulation in different tissues of two fish species with regards to their feeding habits and trophic levels.heavy metals residues (i.e. cu, zn, mn, and pb) were determined in seven chosen tissues of two fish species (esox lucius and carassius auratus) from anzali wetland. the impact of feeding habit on metal accumulations in different tissues as well as the respective contribution of water and food to matel uptake by fishes were considered. no tendency for bioamplification was observed for the metals along the wetland trophic levels. generally, there was no statistically significant relationship betwe ...199524202342
intracellular mechanisms mediating gonadotropin and growth hormone release in the goldfish, carassius auratus.evidence for the involvement of ca(2+), protein kinase c, camp, and arachidonic acid metabolism in mediating gonadotropin (gth) and growth hormone (gh) release in the goldfish is reviewed. models for the signal transduction pathways mediating gth-releasing hormone (gnrh) and dopamine actions on gth and gh secretion are postulated. a novel hypothesis that two gnrhs which bind to the same receptor type activate different transduction cascade in two different cell types (gth vs. gh) as well as with ...199324202457
dopamine functions as a growth hormone-releasing factor in the goldfish, carassius auratus.in vivo and in vitro approaches have been used to examine the role of dopamine (da) as a growth hormone (gh)-releasing factor in the goldfish. da stimulated gh release from perifused pituitary fragments of goldfish in a dose-dependent manner. the gh-releasing effect of da was seasonal, being the highest in sexually regressed fish, intermediate in recrudescent fish, and the lowest in sexually mature (prespawning) fish. the gh response to da was blocked by the d1 antagonist (+)sch23390, confirming ...199324202463
in vitro synthesis of 20α-reduced and of 11- and 21-oxygenated steroids and their sulfates by testes of the goldfish (carassius auratus): testicular synthesis of corticosteroids.testes from spermiating goldfish were incubated with [(3)h]17-hydroxyprogesterone. the major products in the unconjugated fraction were identified as androstenedione, androstenetrione, 11-β-hydroxyandrostenedione, 11-ketotestosterone, 17,20α-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17,20αp) and 11-deoxycortisol. testosterone was present predominantly in the glucuronide fraction, but yields were low (1-3%). the major components of the sulfate fraction were 17,20αp and 11-deoxycortisol. the identification of co ...199324202487
hormonal influences on in vitro [(35)s]-sulfate uptake by gill arches from the goldfish (carassius auratus l.).a bioassay for insulin-like growth factor (igf), based on the in vitro incorporation of [(35)s]-sulfate into gill arch tissue was used to study the hormonal regulation of proteoglycan synthesis in the goldfish (carassius auratus). [(35)s]-sulfate incorporation into gill arch tissue was found to be time-dependent with maximal uptake occurring by 48h, suggesting that proteoglycan synthesis in this tissue was maintained for at least 48h in vitro. the addition of human recombinant igf-i (igf-i) to t ...199324202499
polyunsaturated fatty acids do not activate protein kinase c in the testis of the goldfish (carassius auratus).earlier studies have established that polyunsaturated fatty acids (pufa) such as eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid inhibit steroid production in the goldfish testis. as pufa inhibit testicular steroidogenesis in the rat through activation of protein kinase c (pkc), the present studies were undertaken to characterize the properties of pkc in the goldfish testis and to test the effects of selected pufa on pkc activity. pkc activity was quantified in goldfish testis homogenate followin ...199424203271
effect of selenium nanoparticles with different sizes in primary cultured intestinal epithelial cells of crucian carp, carassius auratus gibelio.nano-selenium (se), with its high bioavailability and low toxicity, has attracted wide attention for its potential application in the prevention of oxidative damage in animal tissues. however, the effect of nano-se of different sizes on the intestinal epithelial cells of the crucian carp (carassius auratus gibelio) is poorly understood. our study showed that different sizes and doses of nano-se have varied effects on the cellular protein contents and the enzyme activities of secreted lactate deh ...201324204137
bioconcentration, metabolism, and biomarker responses in freshwater fish carassius auratus exposed to roxithromycin.to investigate the distribution, bioconcentration, metabolism, and biomarker responses of macrolide antibiotic roxithromycin (rox) in fish, crucian carp (carassius auratus) were exposed to various concentrations of rox (4, 20, and 100μgl(-1)) for 20d. the rox content in different tissues was quantified using uplc/ms/ms. the liver exhibited the highest rox concentration followed by the bile, gills, and muscle tissues. after 15d of exposure to different concentrations of rox, the bioconcentration ...201424210552
distribution and bioaccumulation of organochlorine pesticides (ocps) in food web of nansi lake, china.the concentration of 12 organochlorine pesticides (ocps) were measured in water, sediment, aquatic plant, and animal (shrimp and fish) of nansi lake by gas chromatography equipped with an electron capture detector. the total ocps concentrations were 65.31-100.31 ng l(-1) in water, 2.9-6.91 ng g(-1) dry weight (dw) in sediments, 1.29-6.42 ng g(-1) dw in aquatic plants and 7.57-17.22 ng g(-1) dw in animals. the ocps composition profiles showed that heptachlor compounds was also the predominant ocp ...201424213638
incorporation of yolk fatty acids into body lipids of goldfish (carassius auratus l.) larvae raised at two different temperatures.in five separate experiments, eggs from a single female goldfish were fertilized at 20°c. they were incubated at 22°c for 6 hours, after which some of the eggs were transferred to 13°c. when a defined post-hatch developmental stage was reached, lipid extracts were prepared from larvae, both with yolk sacs intact and after removal of the yolk sac by dissection. other larvae were sampled at yolk exhaustion. gas chromatographic analysis of fatty acid profiles revealed that larvae incorporated 16:0, ...199124213711
erythrocyte fractionation by velocity sedimentation and discontinuous density gradient centrifugation.investigation of development, maturation and senescence in fish red blood cells depends on effective separation methods. preliminary to initiation of studies of this type the erythrocytes of goldfish,carassius auratus, and rainbow trout,oncorhynchus mykiss, were fractionated by velocity sedimentation at unit gravity or discontinuous percoll density gradient centrifugation in an attempt to separate and characterize enriched populations of juvenile and mature cells. cytomorphological variables wer ...199124213719
neuropeptides regulating the activity of goldfish corticotropes and melanotropes.the goldfish (carassius auratus) has proven an advantageous model for investigations of the neuroendocrine regulation of pituitary hormone secretion in teleost fishes. investigations examining the secretion of adrenocorticotropin (acth) and melanocyte-stimulating hormone (msh) from pituitary cellsin vitro have been used to identify neuropeptides influencing goldfish corticotrope and melanotrope activity. ovine crf, urotensin i (ui), arginine vasotocin (avt), isotocin and angiotensins i and ii st ...198924221751
hypothalamic peptides influencing growth hormone secretion in the goldfish,carassius auratus.in vivo andin vitro techniques were used to examine the influence of various vertebrate peptides on growth hormone (gh) secretion in the goldfish. tetradecapeptide somatostatin (srif-14) was found to inhibit gh secretionin vitro from perifused pituitary fragments, whereas similar concentrations of a salmonid srif peptide (ssrif-25) did not affect gh secretion from the goldfish pituitary fragments. this indicates that srif receptors on the goldfish pituitary are very specific for srif-14-like pep ...198924221764
involvement of steroid hormones in the preovulatory gonadotropin surge in female goldfish.goldfish,carassius auratus, spawn several times within a spawning season. a gonadotropin (gth) surge occurs at the time of ovulation in this cyprinid species. this ovulatory gth surge mediates the processes of final oocyte maturation and ovulation, and occurs at the end of each spawning cycle. within a cycle, there is a shift in the predominant plasma steroid from estradiol to testosterone, and finally 17α, 20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one at the time of the ovulatory gth surge. high levels of test ...198924221765
zn subcellular distribution in liver of goldfish (carassius auratus) with exposure to zinc oxide nanoparticles and mechanism of hepatic detoxification.zinc oxide nanoparticles (zno nps) have attracted increasing concerns because of their widespread use and toxic potential. in this study, zn accumulations in different tissues (gills, liver, muscle, and gut) of goldfish (carassius auratus) after exposure to zno nps were studied in comparison with bulk zno and zn(2+). and the technique of subcellular partitioning was firstly used on the liver of goldfish to study the hepatic accumulation of zno nps. the results showed that at sublethal zn concent ...201324223767
optimization protocol for storage of goldfish (carassius auratus) embryos in chilled state.a series of five experiments were conducted to explore suitable conditions for storing of goldfish embryos in a chilled state. the factors studied were embryo stage, storage temperature, physiological saline solutions and goldfish artificial coelomic fluid (gfacf) medium, antibiotics (penicillin and streptomycin), antioxidants (vitamin e, vitamin c), buffer (hepes, tris) and bsa (bovine serum albumin). first, goldfish embryos at eight developmental stages were incubated in aerated and dechlorina ...201424237194
the environmental regulation of maturation in goldfish, carassius auratus: effects of various led light spectra.while there have been a number of studies on the effects of photoperiod and duration of light and dark exposure, much less information is available on the importance of light intensity. this study investigated the effects of exposure of goldfish, carassius auratus exposed to white fluorescent bulbs, and red (peak at 630nm), and green (530nm) light emitting diodes (leds) at approximately 0.9w/m(2) (12-h light:12-h dark) for four months on a number of hormones of the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad ( ...201424239668
interspecific differences in hypoxia-induced gill remodeling in carp.the gills of many fish, but in particular those of crucian carp (carassius carassius) and goldfish (carassius auratus), are capable of extensive remodeling in response to changes in oxygen (o2), temperature, and exercise. in this study, we investigated the interspecific variation in hypoxia-induced gill modeling and hypoxia tolerance in 10 closely related groups of cyprinids (nine species, with two strains of cyprinus carpio). there was significant variation in hypoxia tolerance, measured as the ...201624241069
acyl and alkenyl group composition of brain subcellular fractions of goldfish (carassius auratus l.) acclimated to different environmental temperatures.goldfish were acclimated to 5, 15, and 30°c, and the acyl group composition of choline phosphoglycerides (cpg) and ethanolamine phosphoglycerides (epg) from whole brain and brain subcellular particles was examined. with the exception of synaptosomal cpg, the acyl group composition of cpg from whole brain and subcellular particles, including myelin, from cold-acclimated fish showed little response to the change in environmental temperature. those changes that did occur were consistent with the ex ...197724272146
the analysis of goldfish (carassius auratus l.) innate immune responses after acute and subchronic exposures to oil sands process-affected water.we examined the immunotoxic effects of acute and subchronic exposures of goldfish to aged, fresh, and ozonated oil sands process-affected water (ospw) using a flow-through exposure apparatus. we measured the expression of proinflammatory cytokine genes, the antimicrobial responses of primary macrophages isolated from ospw-exposed fish, and the ability of the goldfish to control infection with a protozoan parasite, trypanosoma carassii. after acute (1 week) exposure to aged ospw, we observed upre ...201424284786
immune gene discovery in the crucian carp carassius auratus.the crucian carp carassius auratus (cyprinidae) is one of the important fish species in aquaculture. although the crucian carp has several economic benefits, their immune system and gene information have not been investigated in depth as yet. here, we performed the transcriptome analysis of c. auratus using the pyrosequencing method and selected several immune-related genes. of unigenes obtained in this species, we identified a number of immune system-related genes (e.g. adhesive protein, antimi ...201424287371
pathology survey on a captive-bred colony of the mexican goodeid, nearly extinct in the wild, zoogoneticus tequila (webb & miller 1998).the mexican goodeid, zoogoneticus tequila, is considered nearly extinct in the wild and it is maintained in captivity by the nonprofit international "goodeid working group." the unique italian colony has produced about 180 fish so far. the observable diseases were registered and some fish were submitted, immediately after spontaneous death, to necroscopic and histopathologic exams. encountered diseases included the following: 7 cases of scoliosis (2 males and 5 females); 2 fish with a similar co ...201324288481
nmr-based metabolomics approach to study the toxicity of lambda-cyhalothrin to goldfish (carassius auratus).in this study, a (1)h nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) based metabolomics approach was applied to investigate the toxicity of lambda-cyhalothrin (lct) in goldfish (carassius auratus). lct showed tissue-specific damage to gill, heart, liver and kidney tissues of goldfish. nmr profiling combined with statistical methods such as orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (opls-da) and two-dimensional statistical total correlation spectroscopy (2d-stocsy) was developed to discern metabol ...201424291083
isolation of active compounds from methanol extracts of toddalia asiatica against ichthyophthirius multifiliis in goldfish (carassius auratus).the parasitic ciliate ichthyophthirius multifiliis infests all species of freshwater fish and can cause severe economic losses in fish breeding. the present study aims to evaluate the antiparasitic activity of the active components from toddalia asiatica against i. multifiliis. bioassay-guided fractionation and isolation of compounds with antiparasitic activity were performed on the methanol extract of t. asiatica yielding two bioactive compounds: chelerythrine and chloroxylonine identified by c ...201424295957
expression pattern of the zona pellucida 3 (zp3) gene during ovarian development and the location of zp3 protein in oocytes in a natural, wild triploid crucian carp mutant, carassius auratus var. pingxiangnensis.carassius auratus var. pingxiangnensis (designated cap), distributed in the pingxiang region of jiangxi province, china, is a natural, wild triploid crucian carp mutant that has two reproductive development modes: gynogenesis and bisexual reproduction. little information is available about the expression pattern of the zona pellucida 3 (zp3) gene during ovarian development and the location of the zp3 protein in oocytes of this fish. in this study, we obtained the full-length cdna of zp3 (cap_zp3 ...201324301933
introduced goldfish affect amphibians through inhibition of sexual behaviour in risky habitats: an experimental approach.the introduction of alien species is one of the major causes of current and global biodiversity loss. the introduction of fish can be a particular threat to native amphibian populations, which are declining worldwide. one way for amphibians to persist in such altered environments is to adopt anti-predator strategies especially at the behavioural level. however, although it has been shown that avoidance behaviour may decrease the probability of being detected by a potential predator, little is kn ...201324312432
effects of polymer-coated metal oxide nanoparticles on goldfish (carassius auratus l.) neutrophil viability and function.exposure effects from polyacrylic acid (paa) metal-oxide nanoparticles (tio2, ceo2, fe2o3, zno) on fish neutrophil viability and effector functions (degranulation, respiratory burst, inflammatory gene expression) were investigated using primary kidney goldfish (carassius auratus l.) neutrophils as a model. several studies have reported cytotoxic effects of nps but there are limited reports on their potential to perturb the innate immune system of aquatic organisms. paa-tio2 significantly decreas ...201524313973
gig1, a novel antiviral effector involved in fish interferon response.vertebrate interferon (ifn) response defenses against viral infection through the induction of hundreds of ifn-stimulated genes (isgs). most isgs are conserved across vertebrates; however, little is known about the species-specific isgs. in this study, we reported that grass carp reovirus (gcrv)-induced gene 1 (gig1), previously screened as a virus-induced gene from uv-inactivated gcrv-infected crucian carp (carassius auratus) blastulae embryonic (cab) cells, was a typical fish isg, which was si ...201424314663
2,4-dichlorophenol induces global dna hypermethylation through the increase of s-adenosylmethionine and the upregulation of dnmts mrna in the liver of goldfish carassius auratus.altered dna methylation is associated with changes in gene expression, signal transduction and stress response after exposure to a wide range of exogenous compounds, and abnormal methylation is a major toxic effect induced by chemicals such as benzene and phenols. 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-dcp), a derivative of phenol, has been classified as a priority pollutant by the us epa due to its toxic effects on aquatic organisms. however, the effect of 2,4-dcp on dna methylation and its potential mechanis ...201424316013
responses of hepatic metallothioneins and apoptotic activity in carassius auratus gibelio witness a release of cobalt and zinc from waterborne nanoscale composites.the main goal of this study was to evaluate the ability of fish carassius auratus tissues to release cobalt (co) and zinc (zn) cations present in the applied co- and zn-containing nanoscale composites (ncs). male fish was subjected to 14day long action of co- and zn-ncs, as well as of co(2+) and zn(2+) or polymeric substance (ps) used for the nc preparation and derived from the vinylpyrrolidone. 50μg∙l(-1) of co and 100μg∙l(-1) of zn were applied either as a salt or a nanocomposite. both co and ...201424316149
role of cd4(+) and cd8α(+) t cells in protective immunity against edwardsiella tarda infection of ginbuna crucian carp, carassius auratus langsdorfii.edwardsiella tarda is an intracellular pathogen that causes edwardsiellosis in fish. our previous study suggests that cell-mediated immunity (cmi) plays an essential role in protection against e. tarda infection. in the present study, we adoptively transferred t-cell subsets sensitized with e. tarda to isogenic naïve ginbuna crucian carp to determination the t-cell subsets involved in protecting fish from e. tarda infection. recipients of cd4(+) and cd8α(+) cells acquired significant resistance ...201424316500
the goldfish hat-family transposon tgf2 is capable of autonomous excision in zebrafish embryos.the goldfish (carassius auratus) tgf2 transposon is a vertebrate dna transposon that belongs to the hat transposon family. in this study, we constructed plasmids containing either the full-length tgf2 transposon (ptgf2 plasmid) or a partially-deleted tgf2 transposon (δptgf2 plasmid), and microinjected these plasmids into fertilized zebrafish (danio rerio) eggs at the one- to two-cell stage. dna extracted from the embryos was analyzed by pcr to assess transient excision, if any, of the exogenous ...201424321692
detection of toxoplasma gondii in shellfish and fish in parts of china.in this study, a total of 3432 aquatic animals covering eight species were tested by specific polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assays to investigate the presence of toxoplasma gondii, in china. the results showed that, out of 618 procambarus clarkii samples collected from the different areas in southeast china, four samples from jiangxi province were positive. of 456 hypophthalmichthys molitrix samples, one sample from jiangsu province was positive. in addition, there was only one positive sample ...201424331298
effects of cold acclimation and storage temperature on crucian carp (carassius auratus gibelio) in a waterless preservation.the research aims to explore the impact of cold acclimation and storage temperature on crucian carp in a waterless preservation. it is conducted by studying the influence of cold acclimation on crucian carp in temperatures of 5 and 1 °c h(-1), followed by having them preserved under waterless conditions at 4 and 0 °c for 24 h to analyze their aerobic and anaerobic capacities. the research findings revealed that the temperature drop at 1 °c h(-1) is conducive to preserving the activity of lactate ...201424338155
ultrastructural study on pronuclear development in fertilized eggs from goldfish, carassius auratus.the formation of male and female pronuclei in physiologically monospermic fertilized eggs of the goldfish, carassius auratus, has been investigated with transmission electron microscopy. ultrastructural observations show that at 26°c the transformation of the sperm nucleus takes place very quickly. the sperm nuclear envelope degenerates and is replaced by a large number of smooth surface vesicles 1 min post-insemination. concomitantly, most of the condensed sperm chromatin is dispersed and is su ...199624340699
helper function of cd4⁺ lymphocytes in antiviral immunity in ginbuna crucian carp, carassius auratus langsdorfii.although many recent studies have suggested that cd4(+) helper t cell (th-cell) functions are well conserved among teleost fishes and mammals, there is little evidence that cd4(+) th-cells in fish are actually involved in both humoral and cell-mediated immunity during a secondary immune response. in the present study, adoptive transfer using clonal ginbuna crucian carp and crucian carp hematopoietic necrosis virus (chnv) was used to investigate the functions of cd4(+) cells during humoral and ce ...201424342571
the carp-goldfish nucleocytoplasmic hybrid has mitochondria from the carp as the nuclear donor species.it is widely accepted that mitochondria and its dna (mtdna) exhibit strict maternal inheritance, with sperm contributing no or non-detectable mitochondria to the next generation. in fish, nuclear transfer (nt) through the combination of a donor nucleus and an enucleated oocyte can produce fertile nucleocytoplasmic hybrids (nchs) even between different genera and subfamilies. one of the best studied fish nchs is cyca produced by transplanting the nuclei plus cytoplasm from the common carp (cyprin ...201424365595
peculiar monomeric interferon gammas, ifnγrel 1 and ifnγrel 2, in ginbuna crucian carp.the existence of fish-specific isoforms of interferon (ifn)γ, known as ifnγ-related (ifnγrel), has been reported in several fish species. however, comparisons with deduced amino acid sequences of known ifnγrels among several fish species have indicated significant differences at the c-terminus basic amino acid continuous sequences, which indicate the existence of multiple ifnγrel isoforms. two distinct cdnas, encoding two ifnγrels, ifngrel 1 and ifngrel 2, were cloned from ginbuna crucian carp ( ...201424373358
intraspecific scaling of the resting and maximum metabolic rates of the crucian carp (carassius auratus).the question of how the scaling of metabolic rate with body mass (m) is achieved in animals is unresolved. here, we tested the cell metabolism hypothesis and the organ size hypothesis by assessing the mass scaling of the resting metabolic rate (rmr), maximum metabolic rate (mmr), erythrocyte size, and the masses of metabolically active organs in the crucian carp (carassius auratus). the m of the crucian carp ranged from 4.5 to 323.9 g, representing an approximately 72-fold difference. the rmr an ...201324376588
protection of ornamental gold fish carassius auratus against aeromonas hydrophila by treating ixora coccinea active principles.herbals such as ixora coccinea, daemia extensa and tridax procumbens were selected to screen in vitro antibacterial and immunostimulant activity against the freshwater fish pathogen aeromonas hydrophila using different organic polar and non-polar solvents. initial screening results revealed that, ethyl acetate extracts and its purified fraction of i. coccinea was able to suppress the a. hydrophila strains at more than 15 mm of zone of inhibition and positive immunostimulant activity. the purifie ...201424380832
c1q-like factor, a target of mir-430, regulates primordial germ cell development in early embryos of carassius auratus.c1q-like is a significant maternal factor of tnf/c1q super-family, and the abundant protein has been observed in both mature eggs of carassius auratus and carassius auratus gibelio, but its biological function in early embryo development has remained unclear. in this study, we firstly revealed a high level of maternal c1q-like transcript existence only in mature eggs of carassius auratus, whereas no any maternal c1q-like transcript was observed in that of carassius auratus gibelio. during embryo ...201324391447
nickel-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in carassius auratus liver by jnk pathway.nickel (ni) is ubiquitous in the biosphere and is a common component of natural fresh waters. when present in high concentrations, it becomes toxic to aquatic organisms. it is known that ni toxicity may induce oxidative stress and apoptosis. however, the precise mechanism and the pathways that are activated in fish are still unclear. thus, this study aimed to assess which apoptotic pathways are triggered by ni in carassius auratus liver, the main target of waterborne pollutants. fish were expose ...201424394944
variations in bile tolerance among lactococcus lactis strains derived from different sources.lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis has been isolated from the intestines of marine fish and is a candidate probiotic for aquaculture. in order to use the bacterium as a probiotic, properties such as bile tolerance need to be assessed. here, we compared bile tolerance in l. lactis strains derived from different sources. three l. lactis subsp. lactis strains from marine fish (mfl), freshwater fish (ffl), and cheese starter (csl) were used along with an lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris strain from ...201424395331
tempo and mode of recurrent polyploidization in the carassius auratus species complex (cypriniformes, cyprinidae).polyploidization is an evolutionarily rare but important mechanism in both plants and animals because it increases genetic diversity. goldfish of the carassius auratus species complex can be tetraploids, hexaploids and octaploids. polyploidization events have occurred repeatedly in goldfish, yet the extent of this phenomenon and its phyletic history are poorly understood. we explore the origin, tempo and frequency of polyploidization in chinese and japanese goldfish using both mitochondrial (mtd ...201424398883
identification and functional characterization of the goldfish (carassius auratus l.) high mobility group box 1 (hmgb1) chromatin-binding protein.we report on the identification and functional characterization of hmgb1 of the goldfish. quantitative analysis indicated the highest expression of goldfish hmgb1 in the brain, with lower mrna levels in spleen, intestine, kidney, gill and heart. hmgb1 was also differentially expressed in goldfish immune cell populations with highest mrna levels present in splenocytes and neutrophils. we generated and functionally characterized the recombinant hmgb1 (rghmgb1). the rghmgb1 primed the respiratory b ...201424406304
effect of cooking temperatures on protein hydrolysates and sensory quality in crucian carp (carassius auratus) soup.cooking methods have a significant impact on flavour compounds in fish soup. the effects of cooking temperatures (55, 65, 75, 85, 95, and 100 °c) on sensory properties and protein hydrolysates were studied in crucian carp (carassius auratus) soup. the results showed that the soup prepared at 85 °c had the best sensory quality in color, flavour, amour, and soup pattern. cooking temperature had significant influence on the hydrolysis of proteins in the soup showed by sds-page result. the contents ...201324425950
molecular cloning of pcc-dmrt1s and their specific expression patterns in pengze crucian carp (carassius auratus var. pengze) affected by 17α-methyltestosterone.dmrt1, an important transcription factor associated with testicular differentiation, is conserved among teleost, which could also be detected in ovaries. in the present study, three isoforms of pcc-dmrt1s (pcc-dmrt1a, pcc-dmrt1b and pcc-dmrt1c) resulting from alternative splicing of the dmrt1 gene were cloned and characterized in the triploid gynogenetic fish, the pengze crucian carp. their mrna expression profiling was investigated in juvenile developmental stages, tissues of the adult fish, an ...201424445816
a hindbrain segmental scaffold specifying neuronal location in the adult goldfish, carassius auratus.the vertebrate hindbrain develops as a series of well-defined neuroepithelial segments or rhombomeres. while rhombomeres are visible in all vertebrate embryos, generally there is not any visible segmental anatomy in the brains of adults. teleost fish are exceptional in retaining a rhombomeric pattern of reticulospinal neurons through embryonic, larval, and adult periods. we use this feature to map more precisely the segmental imprint in the reticular and motor basal hindbrain of adult goldfish. ...201424452830
supplemental description of thelohanellus wuhanensis xiao & chen, 1993 (myxozoa: myxosporea) infecting the skin of carassius auratus gibelio (bloch): ultrastructural and histological data.thelohanellus wuhanensis xiao & chen, 1993 infects allogynogenetic gibel carp carassius auratus gibelio (bloch) forming numerous plasmodia in the skin, resulting in high mortality of juvenile host fish. within this paper we supplement the identification of this pathogenic species with information on its ultrastructural and histological characteristics. measurements of the spores corresponded to the original description, but asymmetry in the spore shape was recorded. scanning electron microscopy ...201424468917
a species comparison of 17-α-ethynylestradiol uptake and tissue-specific distribution in six teleost fish.differences exist among fish species in their sensitivity to endocrine disruptors such as 17-α-ethynylestradiol (ee2). we examined whether there were corresponding differences in ee2 uptake rates and short-term internal distribution patterns. six freshwater species: japanese ricefish (medaka, oryzias latipes), goldfish (carassius auratus), zebrafish (danio rerio), fathead minnow (pimephales promelas), atlantic killifish (fundulus heteroclitus) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) were exposed ...201424473066
susceptibility of japanese cyprininae fish species to cyprinid herpesvirus 2 (cyhv-2).cyprinid herpesvirus 2 (cyhv-2) is known as the causative agent of herpesviral haematopoietic necrosis (hvhn) of goldfish (carassius auratus). recently, the virus has also been detected from prussian carp (c. gibelio) and crucian carp (c. carassius) from european and asian countries. to analyze the risk of spreading to new host species, the susceptibility of other fish species to the virus is essential. in this study experimental infections of indigenous cyprininae species in japan were performe ...201424480585
variations of physiological and innate immunological responses in goldfish (carassius auratus) subjected to recurrent acute stress.this study was undertaken to investigate the influence of repeated acute stress on the physiological status and non-specific immune response of goldfish, carassius auratus. the acute stress was a succession of a 3 min-chasing period followed by a 2 min-air exposure. the goldfish in triplicate tanks were subjected 3 times daily to this stress for one (s3) or three (s9) days. a separate group of unstressed fish was used as control for each sampling time. blood samples were collected 12, 48 and 120 ...201424486633
cyprinid herpesvirus-2 causing mass mortality in goldfish: applying electron microscopy to histological samples for diagnostic virology.in june 2013, a major fish kill of adult goldfish carassius auratus occurred in runnemede lake, new jersey, usa: an estimated 3000 to 5000 fish died within ~5 d. necropsy of 4 moribund fish revealed severely pale gills, and histopathology showed type i and ii fusion of the gills, diffuse necrosis of hematopoietic tissue in anterior and posterior kidney, and multifocal necrosis of the spleen. within necrotic areas, pyknosis and enlarged nuclei with marginalized chromatin were observed. cyprinid h ...201424492049
antidiabetic effects of carassius auratus complex formula in high fat diet combined streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice.carassius auratus complex formula, including carassius auratus, rhizoma dioscoreae, lycium chinense, and rehmannia glutinosa libosch, is a combination prescription of traditional chinese medicine, which has always been used to treat diabetes mellitus in ancient china. in this study, we provided experimental evidence for the use of carassius auratus complex formula in the treatment of high fat diet combined streptozotocin- (stz-) induced type 2 diabetes. carassius auratus complex formula aqueous ...201424511320
ecotoxicological effects of waterborne pfos exposure on swimming performance and energy expenditure in juvenile goldfish (carassius auratus).the potential risks of perfluorooctane sulfonate (pfos) are of increasing ecological concern. swimming performance is linked to the fitness and health of fish. however, the impacts of pfos on swimming performance remain largely unknown. we investigated the ecotoxicological effects of acute exposure to pfos on the swimming performance and energy expenditure of juvenile goldfish (carassius auratus). the fish were exposed to a range of pfos concentrations (0, 0.5, 2, 8 and 32 mg/l) for 48 hr. the s ...201324520707
the stimulatory effect of led light spectra on genes related to photoreceptors and skin pigmentation in goldfish (carassius auratus).this study aimed to assess differences in genes related to skin color of goldfish (carassius auratus) exposed to light-emitting diodes (leds): red, green, and purple. we investigated differences in the expression of mammalian-like melanopsin (opn4m), rhodopsin (rh), melanin-concentrating hormone (mch), melanin-concentrating hormone receptor (mch-r), and proopiomelanocortin (pomc) in goldfish exposed to different led light spectra. opn4m, rh, mch, and mch-r mrna levels were significantly higher i ...201424522793
perfluorinated alkyl substances in water, sediment, plankton and fish from korean rivers and lakes: a nationwide survey.water, sediment, plankton, and blood and liver tissues of crucian carp (carassius auratus) and mandarin fish (siniperca scherzeri) were collected from six major rivers and lakes in south korea (including namhan river, bukhan river, nakdong river, nam river, yeongsan river and sangsa lake) and analyzed for perfluorinated alkyl substances (pfass). perfluorooctane sulfonate (pfos) was consistently detected at the greatest concentrations in all media surveyed with the maximum concentration in water ...201424529450
comparative antioxidant status in freshwater fish carassius auratus exposed to eight imidazolium bromide ionic liquids: a combined experimental and theoretical study.imidazolium bromide ionic liquids such as 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium bromides ([amim]br) and 1-alkyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium bromides ([ammim]br) are common-use organic salts. however, data on comparative toxicological effects of these ils are lacking for fish. in this study, a combined experimental and theoretical approach was applied to compare and analyze the effects of these ils on biochemical biomarkers in liver of carassius auratus treated with different concentrations (2 and 20mg/l) for ...201424530736
ocular glioneuroma with medulloepitheliomatous differentiation in a goldfish (carassius auratus).an intraocular mass in the left eye causing chronic severe exophthalmia in an adult female goldfish (carassius auratus) is described. the fish shared an aquarium with another goldfish found dead with gross and microscopic lesions consistent with mycobacteriosis. histological examination of the left eye, histochemical (periodic acid-schiff [pas], alcian blue, ziehl-neelsen) and immunohistochemical tests (glial fibrillary acidic protein, human neuronal protein, vimentin, and cytokeratin ae1/ae3) w ...201424532696
the epithelial components and their seasonal changes in the pituitary gland of the carp (cyprinus carpio, l.) and goldfish (carassius auratus, l.). 195124541276
cardiac repair and regenerative potential in the goldfish (carassius auratus) heart.the remarkable ability of the heart to regenerate has been demonstrated in the zebrafish and giant danio, two fish members of the cyprinid family. here we use light and electron microscopy to examine the repair response in the heart of another cyprinid, the goldfish (carassius auratus), following cautery injury to a small portion of its ventricular myocardium. we observed a robust inflammatory response in the first two weeks consisting primarily of infiltrating macrophages, heterophils, and mela ...201424548889
antioxidant responses in carassius auratus and lolium perenne exposed to the laboratory pollution.experiments conducted in the laboratories can produce numerous wastes, which could potentially affect the health of the researchers. in this study, the antioxidant responses in liver of carassiua auratus and leaf of lolium perenne were investigated after chronic exposure to the air pollution in four different laboratories. the obtained data showed that oxidative stress was induced in some laboratories, as indicated by some significantly altered biochemical parameters. additionally, the toxicity ...201424561535
a loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for rapid detection of cyprinid herpesvirus 2 in gibel carp (carassius auratus gibelio).a rapid and sensitive loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assay for cyprinid herpesvirus 2 (cyhv-2) detection in gibel carp was developed. following cloning and sequencing of the putative dna helicase gene of cyhv-2 isolate from china, a set of four specific primers was designed based on the sequence. the mgcl2 concentration and the reaction temperature were optimized to 6 mm, 64°c, respectively. lamp products were detected by visual inspection of a color change due to addition of sybr ...201424574914
freshwater fishes of gunung jerai, kedah darul aman: a preliminary study.a total of 37 fish species from 14 families were observed during surveys conducted from january to march 2005 at 8 selected streams near the gunung jerai forest reserve. the list includes two species (rasbora trilineata and systomus partipentazona) that were visually identified at the lower part of the sungai teroi stream. single specimens of leiocassis micropogon, clarias macrocephalus and hampala macrolepidota were also obtained at certain sampling stations. devario regina and systomus binotat ...200924575179
a multi-biomarker assessment of single and combined effects of norfloxacin and sulfamethoxazole on male goldfish (carassius auratus).in the present study, the sublethal effects of norfloxacin alone and in combination with sulfamethoxazole in goldfish (carassius auratus) were investigated, the biomarkers including acetylcholinesterase (ache) in brain, 7-ethoxyresorufin o-deethylase (erod), glutathione s-transferase (gst), and superoxides dismutase (sod) activities in liver, vitellogenin (vtg) in serum and dna damage in gonad were determined after 1, 2, 4 and 7 days of exposure. brain ache activity was significantly inhibited b ...201424580816
effect of cadmium on the extracellular na⁺, k⁺, and ca²⁺ in the gill and small intestine of goldfish carassius auratus.in this study, the toxic effect of cadmium on extracellular na(+), k(+), and ca(2+) in the gill and small intestine of goldfish carassius auratus was determined with the technique of ion chromatograph. two-way anova indicated that the two factors (cd(2+) treatment and time) and the interaction factor had significant effect on the level of na(+), k(+), and ca(2+) in the small intestine and gill. 1.0 mg/l cd(2+) significantly increased ca(2+) level in the small intestine, but ca(2+) level in the g ...201424583410
comparative analysis of differential gene expression in kidney tissues of moribund and surviving crucian carp (carassius auratus gibelio) in response to cyprinid herpesvirus 2 infection.cyprinid herpesvirus 2 (cyhv-2) has recently been associated with high mortality of cultured crucian carp (carassius auratus gibelio) in eastern china. in this study, we established a real-time pcr method to confirm viral infection of crucian carp and to quantify cyhv-2 particles obtained by sucrose gradient centrifugation from diseased fish. virus-free crucian carp were artificially infected with cyhv-2 using an injection method, which resulted in a dose-dependent death rate. in situ hybridizat ...201424585042
regulatory effect of quercetin on hazardous microcystin-lr-induced apoptosis of carassius auratus lymphocytes in vitro.microcystins (mcs) are secondary metabolites produced by cyanobacteria. oxidative stress is considered the major cytotoxic mechanism of microcystin-lr (mclr). quercetin (qe) is a flavonoid that can eliminate reactive oxygen species (ros) and elicit anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects. this study determined the regulatory effect of qe on the cytotoxicity and oxidative stress of carassius auratus lymphocytes induced by 1 μg/l mclr in vitro after 24 h. mclr-mediated cytotoxicity and ros fo ...201424594009
a comparative study on antioxidant status combined with integrated biomarker response in carassius auratus fish exposed to nine phthalates.laboratory experiments were performed to determine the antioxidant responses to nine phthalates (paes) in the liver of the goldfish carassius auratus. the fish were injected with 10 mg/kg body weight of each pae for 1 day and 4, 8, and 15 days. the potential biotoxicity of the paes were examined using the antioxidase and lipid peroxide indices. we determined that the superoxide dismutase (sod), catalase (cat), glutathione peroxidase (gpx), and malondialdehyde (mda) levels displayed different tre ...201524616073
evidence for the evolutionary origin of goldfish derived from the distant crossing of red crucian carp × common carp.distant hybridization can generate transgressive hybrid phenotypes that lead to the formation of new populations or species with increased genetic variation. in this study, we produced an experimental hybrid goldfish (eg) by distant crossing of red crucian carp (carassius auratus) × common carp (cyprinus carpio) followed by gynogenesis.201424628745
metal accumulation and oxidative stress biomarkers in liver of freshwater fish carassius auratus following in vivo exposure to waterborne zinc under different ph values.in this study, laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the combined effect of zinc and ph on metal accumulation and oxidative stress biomarkers in carassius auratus. fish were exposed to 0.1 and 1.0mg zn/l at three ph values (5.0, 7.25, 9.0) for 3, 12, and 30 d. after each exposure, the contents of three trace elements (zn, fe and cu) were determined in liver. generally, longer exposure to zinc (12d and 30 d) increased hepatic zn and cu deposition, but decreased fe content. increasi ...201424632310
identification and analysis of the jnk1 gene in polyploid hybrids of red crucian carp (carassius auratus red var.) and common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).c-jun n-terminal kinase (jnk) is an important member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase superfamily. the allotetraploid crucian carp is a product of distant hybridization of female red crucian carp with male common carp. it is the first natural case of an allotetraploid with stable genetic characters, including fertility of both female and male animals. in this study, 2 jnk1 cdnas (including jnk1a and jnk1b) have been cloned from the polyploid crucian carp system, consisting of the allotetr ...201424634111
different expression profiles of interleukin 11 (il-11), intelectin (itln) and purine nucleoside phosphorylase 5a (pnp 5a) in crucian carp (carassius auratus gibelio) in response to cyprinid herpesvirus 2 and aeromonas hydrophila.interleukin 11 (il-11), intelectin (itln) and purine nucleoside phosphorylase 5a (pnp5a) play important roles in innate immunity. in a previous study to identify differentially expressed immune-related genes, suppression subtractive hybridization (ssh) assay was used to characterize differentially expressed genes in crucian carp (carassius auratus gibelio) infected with cyprinid herpesvirus 2 (cyhv-2) in which il-11, itln and pnp5a were identified to be the three most significantly up-regulated ...201424636855
functional expression of carassius auratus cytochrome p4501a in a novel shewanella oneidensis expression system and application for the degradation of benzo[a]pyrene.cytochrome p4501a (cyp1a) in fish has attracted an increasing interest because of its important roles in the metabolic activation of certain xenobiotics such as aromatic hydrocarbons. cyps are reported to be expressed in yeast, insect cells and escherichia coli, but are critical for high-level expression. besides, this study found that the purification of recombinant goldfish cyp1a would result in a loss of enzyme activity. because large quantities of functional cyp1a are required, it is necessa ...201424637371
comparative study of infection with tetrahymena of different ornamental fish species.tetrahymena is a ciliated protozoan that can infect a wide range of fish species, although it is most commonly reported in guppies (poecilia reticulata). the aim of this study was to compare the susceptibility to infection with tetrahymena of five different ornamental fish species from two different super orders. the species examined were platy (xiphophorus), molly (poecilia sphenops) and angelfish (pterophyllum scalare) of the acanthopterygii super order (which also includes guppies) and goldfi ...201424650892
molecular and functional characterization of erythropoietin receptor of the goldfish (carassius auratus l.).erythropoietin receptor (epor) is a member of the class i cytokine receptor superfamily and signaling through this receptor is important for the proliferation, differentiation and survival of erythrocyte progenitor cells. this study reports on the molecular and functional characterization of goldfish epor. the identified goldfish epor sequence possesses the conserved epor ligand binding domain, the fibronectin domain, the class i cytokine receptor superfamily motif (wsxws) as well as several int ...201424657210
tissue-specific induction of oxidative stress in goldfish by 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid: mild in brain and moderate in liver and kidney.this study investigated the effects of the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d) on free radical-related processes in tissues of goldfish given 96 h exposures to 1, 10 or 100 mg/l of 2,4-d as well as 96 h recovery from the 100 mg/l treatment. in liver, 2,4-d exposure increased levels of protein carbonyls and lipid peroxides by 36-53% and 24-43%, respectively, but both parameters reverted during recovery, whereas in brain glutathione status improved in response to 2,4-d. lipid peroxide ...201424657358
crosstalking between the "gut-brain" hormone ghrelin and the circadian system in the goldfish. effects on clock gene expression and food anticipatory activity.ghrelin is a potent orexigenic signal mainly synthesized in the stomach and foregut of vertebrates. recent studies in rodents point out that ghrelin could also act as an input for the circadian system and/or as an output of peripheral food-entrainable oscillators, being involved in the food anticipatory activity (faa). in this study we pursue the possible interaction of ghrelin with the circadian system in a teleost, the goldfish (carassius auratus). first, we analyzed if ghrelin is able to modu ...201424681192
distinct z-dna binding mode of a pkr-like protein kinase containing a z-dna binding domain (pkz).double-stranded ribonucleic acid-activated protein kinase (pkr) downregulates translation as a defense mechanism against viral infection. in fish species, pkz, a pkr-like protein kinase containing left-handed deoxyribonucleic acid (z-dna) binding domains, performs a similar role in the antiviral response. to understand the role of pkz in z-dna recognition and innate immune response, we performed structural and functional studies of the z-dna binding domain (zα) of pkz from carassius auratus (caz ...201424682817
distribution and quantitative detection of gabaa receptor in carassius auratus gibelio.gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba), a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in brain, is synthesized from glutamate and metabolized to succinic semialdehyde by glutamic acid decarboxylase (gad) and gaba transaminase (gaba-t), respectively. the fast inhibitory effect of gaba is mediated by gaba type a (gabaa) receptors that are associated with several neurological disorders, and gabaa receptors are targets of several therapeutic agents. to date, information on the distribution and quantity of gabaa recep ...201424687758
Refresh
firstprev
...2122232425
nextlast
Displaying items 2001 - 2100 of 2431