Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| development of a cell line from skin of goldfish, carassius auratus, and effects of ascorbic acid on collagen deposition. | growth characteristics and collagen expression were investigated in gfsk-s1, a cell line derived from the skin of an adult goldfish (carassius auratus). these cells are anchorage dependent, grow well in leibovitz-15 medium with 10% fetal bovine serum, and have been subcultured routinely for 5 years. cells at various passages have been successfully cryopreserved and thawed. gfsk-s1 cells show mainly a fibroblastic morphology at low density, but at confluence islands of epithelial-shaped cells app ... | 1997 | 9088943 |
| recombinant gilthead seabream (sparus aurata) insulin-like growth factor-i: subcloning, expression in escherichia coli, purification and characterization. | gilthead seabream (sparus aurata) insulin-like growth factor-i (gsigf-i) cdna coding for the mature protein was cloned in a pgem-3z vector, and then transferred into prokaryotic expression vector pet-11a and expressed in escherichia coli bl21(de3) cells upon induction with isopropyl thiogalactoside. the expressed protein contained within the inclusion-body pellet was solubilized in 4.5 m urea, refolded for 24 h at ph 11.3 in the presence of catalytic amounts of cysteine and purified to over 98% ... | 1997 | 9135579 |
| immunolocalization of aromatase- and androgen receptor-positive neurons in the goldfish brain. | full expression of testosterone (t) actions in the brain requires both direct binding to androgen receptors (ar) and in situ aromatization to estradiol (e2). to determine the cellular basis of constitutively high aromatase and ar binding activities in teleost fish brain, and the neuroanatomic location and spatial relations of cells of each type, an immunocytochemical mapping study of goldfish (carassius auratus) brain was carried out using antibodies to human placental aromatase and human/rat ar ... | 1997 | 9169111 |
| variation in the egg cell forming region of gyrodactylus kobayashii hukuda, 1940 (monogenea:gyrodactylidae). | the egg cell forming region of gyrodactylus kobayashii from goldfish (carassius auratus) is a thin nucleated cytoplasmic layer surrounding the developing egg cell (= oocyte). the cytoplasm contains numerous elougate membranes. as parasites age, the egg cell forming region becomes electron lucent. the apical membrane of the egg cell forming region becomes disrupted in places. a basal matrix is indistinct in new-born and young worms, becoming more evident as worms grow older. numerous pits (= basa ... | 1997 | 9193944 |
| isolation and characterization of goldfish y box protein, a germ-cell-specific rna-binding protein. | cyclin b is a regulatory subunit of maturation-promoting factor. in goldfish (carassius auratus) oocytes, cyclin b is synthesized de novo after stimulation by 17alpha,20beta-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (maturation-inducing hormone). in this study, we examined goldfish oocyte proteins bound to cyclin b mrna. using oligo(dt)-cellulose affinity chromatography and northwestern blotting analysis, we identified a 54-kda cyclin b mrna-binding protein (p54). southwestern blotting analysis showed the bindi ... | 1997 | 9395336 |
| susceptibility of several species of cyprinidae and salmonidae freshwater fish to larval gnathostoma nipponicum infection. | susceptibility of five species of cyprinidae and salmonidae freshwater fish to the early third-stage larvae (eal3) and advanced third-stage larvae (adl3) of gnathostoma nipponicum infection were examined. two fish species inoculated orally with eal3 were infected, and adl3 were recovered from them with rate of 21.0% in tribolodon hakonensis and 0.5% in cyprinus carpio at 30 days postinoculation (pi). attempts to infect five fish species with adl3 were all successful. the recovery rate of adl3 wa ... | 1997 | 9409521 |
| neuroendocrine regulation of gonadotrophin ii release and gonadal growth in the goldfish, carassius auratus. | the goldfish, a member of the carp family, is a widely used model for reproductive neuroendocrine studies of economically important fish. the two gonadotrophin (gth) molecules released from the fish anterior pituitary, gth-i and gth-ii, are structurally similar to tetrapod fsh and lh, respectively. gonadotrophin ii is the best studied, and in goldfish stimulates gonadal growth and steroidogenesis, ovulation and sperm release. growth hormone also has gonadotrophic actions in fish which enhance go ... | 1997 | 9414466 |
| molecular evolution of vertebrate vip receptors and functional characterization of a vip receptor from goldfish carassius auratus. | vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (vip) is a neuropeptide that has numerous physiological actions and is widely distributed in the body. however, as yet, there is no sequence information about vip receptors in lower vertebrates. partial cdna fragments spanning transmembrane domains 2 to 6 of vip receptors were isolated from six nonmammalian vertebrate species, including chicken, pigeon, frog, lizard, salmon, and goldfish. sequence comparison of these receptors revealed essential structural motif ... | 1997 | 9038250 |
| the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and ascorbic acid content in the liver of goldfish (carassius auratus gibelio bloch.) exposed to cadmium. | the goldfish (carassius auratus gibelio bloch.) were exposed to cadmium in the concentration of 20 mg cd/l water under aquarium conditions for 1, 4, 7 and 15 days. after exposure to cadmium, the activities of superoxide dismutase (sod) and catalase (cat) were significantly decreased. at the same time, the liver ascorbic acid (asa) content was increased. | 1996 | 9085381 |
| involvement of extracellular sodium in agonist-induced gonadotropin release from goldfish (carassius auratus) gonadotrophs. | in goldfish, gonadotropin (gth-ii) responses to the two endogenous gnrhs, salmon-gnrh and chicken-gnrh-ii, are mediated by activation of protein kinase c (pkc) and voltage-sensitive ca2+ channels. in this study, we investigated the role of extracellular na+, voltage-dependent na+ channels, and the plasma membrane na+/h+ exchanger in mediating gnrh-stimulated gth-ii release from dispersed goldfish pituitary cells. perifusion with na+-depleted medium reduced the gth-ii response to both gnrhs and t ... | 1996 | 8770907 |
| characterization of the rfamide-like neuropeptides in the nervus terminalis of the goldfish (carassius auratus). | fmrfamide-immunoreactivity has been demonstrated in the cns of many vertebrate species. we sought to further characterize this immunoreactivity in nervus terminalis retinal efferents of the goldfish using an antiserum raised against a bovine morphine modulating peptide (a18famide). this antiserum robustly labels nervus terminalis efferents to the retina, as well as a sub-population of retinal amacrine cells. under immunocytochemical conditions the antiserum cross-reacted with neuropeptide y-like ... | 1996 | 8795069 |
| classification and host specificity of metagonimus spp. from korean freshwater fish. | taxonomic problems of metagonimus spp. in korea were investigated. metacercariae of various freshwater fish species -- plecoglossus altivelis, carassius auratus, zacco platypus, zacco temmincki, opsariichthys bidens -- were collected from different localities in korea and experimentally fed to golden hamsters. observation of recovered adult worms showed that plecoglossus altivelis was infected with metacercariae of both m. yokogawai and m. takahashii. c. auratus was infected with metacercariae o ... | 1996 | 8820736 |
| epidermal growth factor receptor binding and biological activity in the ovary of goldfish, carassius auratus. | the receptor binding and biological activity of epidermal growth factor-urogastrone (egf) was characterized in the follicle-enclosed goldfish oocyte. the binding of 125i-labeled mouse egf (megf) to goldfish ovarian membrane preparation was peptide specific, saturable, reversible, and dependent on time and tissue concentration. binding data analysis indicated the presence of a single class of high-affinity binding sites with an estimated equilibrium dissociation constant of 4.4 +/- 1.8 x 10(-10) ... | 1996 | 8928907 |
| growth hormone-releasing hormone immunoreactivity in the brain, pituitary, and pineal of the goldfish, carassius auratus. | using antisera directed against carp growth hormone-releasing hormone (cghrh), the distribution of immunoreactive (ir) structures in the brain, pituitary, and pineal of the goldfish, carassius auratus, was investigated. the antisera were produced in rabbits by administration of cghrh(1-44)-nh(2) followed by cghrh(1-45)-oh for different periods of time, both coupled to human alpha-globulins via bisdiazotized benzidine as immunogen. immunoreactive perikarya were visualized in the nucleus preopticu ... | 1996 | 8998965 |
| influence of forskolin and carbachol on intestinal absorption of horseradish peroxidase in the goldfish (carassius auratus). | the transepithelial route for mucosa-to-serosa transport of the tracer macromolecule horseradish peroxidase (hrp; mw 40 kda) and modulation of this transport by forskolin and carbachol have been studied in vi-tro in stripped goldfish intestinal epithelium mounted in ussing-type chambers. uptake and transport have been investigated by measuring the hrp flux from the muco-sal to serosal sides by an enzymatic method and by visualising hrp reaction products in the mucosa with electron-microscopical ... | 1996 | 8766857 |
| connections of octaval and lateral line nuclei of the medulla in the goldfish, including the cytoarchitecture of the secondary octaval population in goldfish and catfish. | cytoarchitectural analyses combined with injections of the tracer horseradish peroxidase in various structures in the brain of the goldfish, carassius auratus, have defined some of the major components of acoustic and lateral line mechanosensory circuits between the medulla and midbrain. the main acoustic receptor in carassius, the saccule, is known to provide a major input to the dorsomedial zone of the descending octaval nucleus. the dorsomedial zone in turn projects bilaterally to the seconda ... | 1996 | 8680846 |
| hematological response in fish: pronephric and splenic involvements in the goldfish,carassius auratus l. | pronephric and splenic involvements in erythropoiesis and in stress-induced hematological response by goldfish,carassius auratus, were examined under conditions of minimal stress and following transient (3h) temperature-induced elevation of o2 demand and transient (3h) exposure to hypoxia. although hemoglobin content and red cell numbers were little affected, the ontogenic composition of the circulating erythrocyte population was significantly altered by both types of respiratory challenge and a ... | 1996 | 24194357 |
| cell proliferation and hair cell addition in the ear of the goldfish, carassius auratus. | cell proliferation and hair cell addition have not been studied in the ears of otophysan fish, a group of species who have specialized hearing capabilities. in this study we used the mitotic s-phase marker bromodeoxyuridine (brdu) to identify proliferating cells in the ear of one otophysan species, carassius auratus (the goldfish). animals were sacrificed at 3 h or 5 days postinjection with brdu and processed for immunocytochemistry. the results of the study show that cell proliferation occurs i ... | 1996 | 8922975 |
| direct effects of 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine and 3,5-diiodothyronine on mitochondrial metabolism in the goldfish carassius auratus. | direct effects of 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (t3) and 3,5-diiodothyronine (t2) on the metabolism of the goldfish (carassius auratus) were assessed using mitochondria isolated from liver and red muscle. following a 5-min incubation with either t3 or t2, the oxidation rates of substrates involved in amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism and lipid catabolism were measured. state 3 oxidation of pyruvate was significantly higher for liver mitochondria treated with t2 and for red muscle mitochondria inc ... | 1996 | 8921356 |
| circadian rhythms of locomotor activity in the goldfish carassius auratus. | locomotor activities in the goldfish carassius auratus were recorded under light-dark (ld) and constant light regimens. under ld 12:12, all goldfish adjusted to given ld cycles. activity patterns were classified into three types: l-type activity during the photophase (83%), ld-type activity both during the photophase and the scotophase (10%), and d-type activity during the scotophase (7%). however, these patterns were not fixed, but flexible. under constant conditions, goldfish exhibited circadi ... | 1996 | 8873250 |
| a partial sequence for nitric oxide synthase from a goldfish (carassius auratus) macrophage cell line. | expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos) mrna was detected in a recently developed goldfish macrophage cell line by rt-pcr, using degenerate primers designed against conserved nucleotide motifs within the different mammalian isoforms of nos. increased expression of inos poststimulation with lps was found, and suggests that it is a functional enzyme in goldfish macrophages, supporting the view that inos regulation is pretranslational. the nucleotide sequence translated in one reading ... | 1996 | 8872189 |
| demand feeding and locomotor circadian rhythms in the goldfish, carassius auratus: dual and independent phasing. | in contrast to the common diurnal and nocturnal ways of life, some fish species have been shown to have a dual phasing behaviour. therefore, the daily pattern of behaviour is not always rigidly confined to the light or dark phase and a diurnal fish may become nocturnal and vice versa. in the present study, the locomotor and feeding activities of single goldfish were simultaneously investigated to examine the existence of such dual behaviour. nineteen goldfish weighing 97.2 g on average were plac ... | 1996 | 8840933 |
| the zebrafish brain: a neuroanatomical comparison with the goldfish. | the zebrafish danio rerio is an important model system for genetic and developmental studies of the vertebrate central nervous system. considerable knowledge concerning the embryonic development of the central nervous system of the zebrafish has accumulated in recent years. however, there is an apparent lack of information on the organization of the adult zebrafish brain. we have therefore recently studied in detail the neuroanatomy of the adult zebrafish. here we compare the brains of the zebra ... | 1996 | 8827327 |
| behavioral detection of acoustic particle motion by a teleost fish (astronotus ocellatus): sensitivity and directionality. | behavioral detection thresholds for oscars (astronotus ocellatus) were measured in response to linear, oscillatory motion at 100 hz along seven axes (-90 degrees, -60 degrees, -30 degrees, 0 degree, +30 degrees, and +60 degrees in azimuth, where 0 degree is the fish longitudinal axis; and the vertical axis) using a cardiac classical conditioning paradigm. thresholds at all selected axes ranged from -58 to -56 db re: 1 micron, which corresponds to 1.2 to 1.6 nm displacement (rms). thus, oscars ap ... | 1996 | 8765559 |
| in vitro effects of gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane on in vitro biosynthesis and metabolism of steroids in goldfish carassius auratus. | testicular and ovarian fragments of carassius auratus, taken during the reproductively active prespawning phase (june) of its annual reproductive cycle, were incubated with different concentrations (0 mg/ml, 0 ppm; 0.001 mg/ml, 1 ppm; 0.01 mg/ml, 10 ppm; and 0.02 mg/ml, 20 ppm) of gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane (gamma-hch) in the presence of either exogenous precursor [3h]-17-hydroxyprogesterone ([3h]17-p) or carp hypophyseal homogenate. the free (unconjugated) and conjugated metabolites (glucuroni ... | 1996 | 8812183 |
| outdoor experimental ponds (mesocosms) designed for long-term ecotoxicological studies in aquatic environment. | outdoor artificial ponds (mesocosms) of 12 m3 were designed for long-term ecotoxicological studies. sediment, macrophytes (typha angustifolia and elodea canadensis), and free and caged freshwater snails [lymnaea palustris (müller)] and wood lice (asellus aquaticus l.) were collected in nearby natural ecosystems and introduced in the mesocosms. sixty goldfish (carassius auratus l.) were caged in each pond. introduced species developed and reproduced in every mesocosm. animal species (mainly insec ... | 1996 | 8812177 |
| incorporation of bromodeoxyuridine in regenerating fin tissue of the goldfish carassius auratus. | we have investigated the pattern of incorporation of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine-5'-monophosphate (brdu) by proliferating cells during regeneration of the tail fin of carassius auratus. fifteen days after amputation, intraperitoneal injection of a single dose of 0.25 mg/g wet weight of brdu and subsequent immunocytochemical detection on sections revealed groups of replicating cells in the blastema and epidermis at different proximodistal levels. proliferating blastemal cells were confined to a crowd ... | 1996 | 8759927 |
| correlation between biochemical parameters and susceptibility of freshwater fish to malathion. | acute toxicity (96-h lc50) of malathion was tested using five species of freshwater fish, namely, topmouth gudgeon (pseudorasbora parva), goldfish (carassius auratus), nile tilapia (tilapia nilotica), mosquitofish (gambusia affinis), and rainbow trout (salmo gairdneri). correlation was found between susceptibility and biochemical parameters such as activity of brain acetylcholinesterase (ache) and in vitro resistance of the enzyme to inhibition (ic50) of malaoxon (a major metabolite of malathion ... | 1996 | 8691510 |
| isolation and characterization of two distinct growth hormone cdnas from the goldfish, carassius auratus. | as a first step toward the development of a ribonuclease protection assay for studying the regulation of growth hormone (gh) gene expression in pituitary cells of the goldfish, carassius auratus, we report the isolation of two cdna clones encoding goldfish gh from a cdna library prepared from pituitary poly(a)+ rna. the complete nucleotide sequences of these two gh cdna clones have been determined and both of them were predicted to encode a polypeptide of 210 amino acids (aa) including a putativ ... | 1996 | 8651695 |
| characterization of growth hormone binding sites in the goldfish,carassius auratus: effects of hypophysectomy and hormone injection. | a recombinant carp growth hormone (rcgh) was used to develop for a gh radioreceptor binding assay in the goldfish (carassius auratus). specific binding of(125)i-rcgh to goldfish liver membranes was a ph, time, temperature, and membrane protein dependent process. scatchard and ligand analysis indicated a single class of high affinity and low capacity binding site, with an association constant (ka) of 1.9×10(10) m(-1) and a maximum binding capacity (bmax) of 9 fmol mg(-1) protein. liver tissue dis ... | 1996 | 24194089 |
| vip-like immunoreactive cells in the kidney of goldfish (carassius auratus). | by immunohistochemistry vip-like immunoreactive cells were observed in the second segment of some renal proximal tubules of carassius auratus. immunoreactivity displayed a granular appearance all over the cells. vip-like immunoreactive cells showed a shape of an over-turned flask whose globe-like part looks like the tubular lumen. no immunoreactive material was observed in other tracts of the nephron and in the interstitial cells. the presence of vip-like immunoreactive cells is discussed in rel ... | 1996 | 8860306 |
| sexual dimorphism of galanin-like immunoreactivity in the brain and pituitary of goldfish, carassius auratus. | a sexually dimorphic distribution of galanin (gal)-like immunoreactive (ir) neurons and fibers was found in the brain and pituitary of goldfish. the rostralmost gal-ir perikarya were found in the area ventralis telencephali pars supracommissuralis dorsal to the anterior commissure. in the diencephalon, there was several gal-ir perikarya in the nucleus preopticus periventricularis (npp). males had many gal-ir perikarya in the nucleus preopticus pars parvocellularis (npopp) and isolated gal-ir per ... | 1996 | 8783041 |
| reinforcing properties of the substance p c-fragment analog dime-c7 in carassius auratus. | the aim of the present study was to investigate whether two substance p (sp) fragments have reinforcing effects in carassius auratus when the fish were tested in a place-preference experimental model. fish were placed in a 3-compartment box in which one compartment gives access to two others that are not connected. the time spent in each compartment was recorded for 10 min in order to determine which one was preferred. twenty-four hours later the fish were given one of the following ip treatment ... | 1996 | 8736114 |
| nitric oxide synthase in the peripheral nervous system of the goldfish, carassius auratus. | neuronal nitric oxide synthase was located in various organs of the goldfish by nadph-diaphorase histochemistry and immunohistochemistry. positive cells were detected throughout the digestive tract. a particularly dense plexus of nitric-oxide-synthase-containing fibers was present at the opening of the pneumatic duct into the esophagus and at the intestinal sphincter separating the esophagus and the intestinal bulb. the nitroxergic innervation was mainly confined to the muscularis. the muscular ... | 1996 | 8601299 |
| novel afferent terminal structure in the crista ampullaris of the goldfish, carassius auratus. | using transmission electron microscopy, we have identified a new type of afferent terminal structure in the crista ampullaris of the goldfish carassius auratus. in addition to the bouton-type afferent terminals previously described in the ear of this species, the crista also contained enlarged afferent terminals that enveloped a portion of the basolateral hair cell membrane. the hair cell membrane was evaginated and protruded into the afferent terminal in a glove-and-finger configuration. the me ... | 1996 | 8833110 |
| cytoarchitecture of the medial octavolateralis nucleus in the goldfish, carassius auratus. | the medial octavolateralis nucleus (mon) is the principal first-order medullary lateral line sensory nucleus found in the majority of anamniotic vertebrates. although its presence has been confirmed in numerous taxa, the cytoarchitecture of this region has not been extensively studied in any species. the purpose of this study was to examine in detail the cytoarchitecture of the mon in the goldfish using golgi staining and hrp histochemical techniques. the results of this study demonstrated the p ... | 1996 | 8907363 |
| protection against heavy metal toxicity by mucus and scales in fish. | fingerlings of three freshwater fish showed differences in susceptibility to lethality of 250 mg/l lead suspension or lead nitrate solution in water. among these, the largemouth bass (micropterus salmoides) was more tolerant than green sunfish (lepomis cyanellus) and goldfish (carassius auratus). the addition of mucus from largemouth bass, when added to jars containing lead, increased the lt-50 value (time to kill 50% of fingerling exposed to 250 mg/l lead) in green sunfish and goldfish. however ... | 1996 | 8854966 |
| ultrastructural study on pronuclear development in fertilized eggs from goldfish, carassius auratus. | the formation of male and female pronuclei in physiologically monospermic fertilized eggs of the goldfish, carassius auratus, has been investigated with transmission electron microscopy. ultrastructural observations show that at 26°c the transformation of the sperm nucleus takes place very quickly. the sperm nuclear envelope degenerates and is replaced by a large number of smooth surface vesicles 1 min post-insemination. concomitantly, most of the condensed sperm chromatin is dispersed and is su ... | 1996 | 24340699 |
| temporal expression of rod and cone opsins in embryonic goldfish retina predicts the spatial organization of the cone mosaic. | cone photoreceptors in teleost fish retina are organized into a precise, crystalline mosaic in which the four spectral subtypes have a consistent position relative to each other. the objective of the current study was to describe the spatial and temporal progression of photoreceptor differentiation in the embryonic goldfish retina to understand how the retinal cone mosaic might be produced. | 1996 | 8603841 |
| effect of chemical anoxia on protein kinase c and na+, k+-atpase in hepatocytes of goldfish (carassius auratus) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) | protein kinase c (pkc) and na+/k+-atpase in hepatocytes from the anoxia-tolerant goldfish (carassius auratus) and the anoxia-intolerant rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) were studied to determine their role in the anoxic response of these cells. pkc and na+/k+-atpase activities were measured for up to 90 min in the absence (normoxia) and presence (chemical anoxia) of 2 mmol l-1 sodium cyanide. pkc activity of normoxic cells from both species remained constant for the entire experimental period ... | 1996 | 9319415 |
| hierarchical sensory guidance of mauthner-mediated escape responses in goldfish (carassius auratus) and cichlids (haplochromis burtoni). | acoustically-evoked escape behaviors were compared between goldfish (carassius auratus), a hearing specialist, and the cichlid haplochromis burtoni, a hearing nonspecialist. fish were startled with compressive and rarefying, stimuli presented alone or together, and with compressive pulses preceded by a visual cue or after exposure to cobalt, an inhibitor of lateral line-innervated neuromast hair cells. these acoustic startle stimuli can evoke mauthner neuron firing and are similar to but weaker ... | 1996 | 8872319 |
| the role of torus longitudinalis in equilibrium orientation measured with the dorsal light reflex. | the torus longitudinalis (tl) is a paired elongated structure reciprocally connected with the optic tectum in actinopterygian fishes. electrophysiological recordings have revealed a sustained neural discharge in tl inversely related to luminance [northmore, 1984]. this photometric response may play a role in the comparison of light levels between the two eyes, which must occur for the dorsal light reflex (dlr) to orient the body in the environment. based on the luminance response of tl, it was h ... | 1996 | 8872316 |
| kinetic analysis of the swimming behavior of the goldfish, carassius auratus, exposed to nickel: hypoactivity induced by sublethal concentrations. | 1995 | 8601075 | |
| isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci in the goldfish carassius auratus. | 1995 | 8564014 | |
| studies on multilocus fingerprints, rapd markers, and mitochondrial dna of a gynogenetic fish (carassius auratus gibelio). | 1995 | 8748455 | |
| taurine efflux is a cell volume regulatory process in proximal renal tubules from the teleost carassius auratus. | the potential role of taurine transport associated with volume regulation in renal tissue and isolated proximal renal tubules was studied in the teleost carassius auratus (goldfish). the cellular taurine content in renal tissue fragments incubated in isosmotic solution (290 mosm) (7.8 +/- 0.9 (sd) micromol g wet wt(-1)) decreased by 60% following exposure to hyposmotic medium (100 mosm). the rate coefficient for [14c]taurine efflux in renal tissue and in isolated proximal renal tubules was stron ... | 1995 | 8669295 |
| dendritic morphology of neurons in sympathetic ganglia of the goldfish, carassius auratus. | we used intracellular dye injection to examine the dendritic morphology of postganglionic neurons in the coeliac ganglion of goldfish. about 80% of the neurons had at least one dendrite, with the mean number of dendrites per cell being 7.8 +/- 5.5 (+/- sd, n = 37 cells). dendrites varied in length from a few microns to more than 400 microns. around 37% of the neurons possessed axon collateral in addition to dendrites. these results show that postganglionic sympathetic neurons of goldfish can hav ... | 1995 | 8592648 |
| perception of spectrally and temporally complex sounds by the goldfish (carassius auratus). | behavioral studies on complex sound perception in goldfish were carried out in order to help determine what, if any, differences exist between the sense of hearing of fishes and other vertebrates. a stimulus generalization paradigm was used with classical conditioning in three experiments to determine: (1) the perceptual relations between a pure tone and harmonic complexes having a fundamental frequency equal to that of the tone; (2) the combined effects on perception of pulse repetition rate an ... | 1995 | 8600120 |
| effect of mptp on dopaminergic neurons in the goldfish brain: a light and electron microscope study. | the neurotoxin mptp (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine) causes a parkinsonian syndrome in the goldfish (carassius auratus), characterized by transient bradykinesia, the accumulation of mpp+ in the brain, and a decrease in the forebrain and midbrain content of catecholamines (pollard et al., faseb j., 6 (1992) 3108-3116). using light and electron microscopy, we studied the effect of mptp on the distribution and ultrastructure of tyrosine hydroxylase (th)-immunoreactive, dopaminergic ne ... | 1995 | 7583312 |
| histochemical and immunocytochemical localization of nitric oxide synthase in the central nervous system of the goldfish, carassius auratus. | the distribution of the neuronal type of nitric oxide synthase in the goldfish brain and spinal cord was investigated via nadph-diaphorase histochemistry and immunocytochemistry using an antiserum raised against the purified mammalian enzyme. many structures, including magnocellular neurosecretory cells, motoneurons, mesencephalic trigeminal neurons, and radial glial fibers, were stained by the nadph-diaphorase reaction but were not immunoreactive. this nonspecific nadph-diaphorase activity was ... | 1995 | 7560292 |
| overripening of ovulated eggs in goldfish, carassius auratus: ii. possible involvement of postovulatory follicles and steroids. | changes in steroid hormone levels in the serum and ovarian fluid during overripening were studied in goldfish. ovulated eggs retained in the ovarian cavity became overripe at around 12h after ovulation based on loss of fertilizability, with advanced degeneration by 24h. blood and ovarian fluid were taken at 0, 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24h after ovulation. both serum and ovarian fluid progesterone (p) showed a highly significant decline by 18h with a further decline by 24h; p levels were higher in the ov ... | 1995 | 24197445 |
| acoustic response properties of single neurons in the central posterior nucleus of the thalamus of the goldfish, carassius auratus. | acoustic responses were recorded extracellularly from single neurons in the thalamic central posterior nucleus (cp). spontaneous activity, best sensitivity, and sharpness of tuning (q10db) of cp neurons ranged from 0 to 36 spikes/s, -40 to 5 db re: 1 dyne/cm2, and 0.18 to 1.80, respectively. the distribution of characteristic frequency (cf) was nonuniform with a mode at 195 hz. temporal response patterns of cp neurons (n = 60) were categorized into three groups: phasic (25%), tonic chopper-like ... | 1995 | 7776269 |
| heavy metal bioaccumulation in different tissues of two fish species with regards to their feeding habits and trophic levels. | heavy metals residues (i.e. cu, zn, mn, and pb) were determined in seven chosen tissues of two fish species (esox lucius and carassius auratus) from anzali wetland. the impact of feeding habit on metal accumulations in different tissues as well as the respective contribution of water and food to matel uptake by fishes were considered. no tendency for bioamplification was observed for the metals along the wetland trophic levels. generally, there was no statistically significant relationship betwe ... | 1995 | 24202342 |
| application of homonuclear decoupling to measures of diffusion in biological 31p spin echo spectra. | pulsed field gradient (pfg) spin echo 31p nmr can be used to measure diffusion coefficients of phosphorus-containing metabolites in vivo. in biological spin echo spectra, the atp resonances are phase modulated by j-coupling between the three phosphorus atoms. this phase modulation may severely decrease the apparent signal intensity of the atp peaks. in this paper, we describe the use of homonuclear decoupling during spin evolution to suppress the effects of j-coupling in biological spin echo spe ... | 1995 | 8579998 |
| specific [3h]spiperone binding sites in the pituitary of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and goldfish (carassius auratus). | dopamine, a catecholamine neurohormone, modulates pituitary hormone release in teleost fishes and other vertebrates. the existence and binding parameters of a pituitary dopamine-neuroleptic receptor from trout were examined and compared with those from goldfish. pituitary homogenate was incubated with [3h]spiperone (d2 antagonist) under several experimental paradigms; incubations were terminated by filtration and bound 3h radioactivity was assessed by liquid scintillation spectroscopy. specific ... | 1995 | 7585324 |
| biochemical and pharmacological evidence for the presence of a1 but not a2a adenosine receptors in the brain of the low vertebrate teleost carassius auratus (goldfish). | in whole brain membranes of goldfish, 3h-chlorocyclopentyladenosine bound to adenosine a1 receptors. the a1 receptors were ubiquitously distributed in the brain with a maximum in the hypothalamus and a minimum in the spinal cord. in superfused goldfish cerebellar slices, cyclohexyladenosine inhibited the cyclic amp accumulation stimulated by forskolin and the selective adenosine a1 receptor antagonist, 8-cyclopentyltheophylline, reversed this effect. in the same brain preparation, 30 mm k+ stimu ... | 1995 | 7633334 |
| diffusion coefficients of atp and creatine phosphate in isolated muscle: pulsed gradient 31p nmr of small biological samples. | measurements of the intracellular diffusion coefficients (di) of atp and creatine phosphate (pcr) in stable, isolated preparations of skeletal muscle were made by means of pulsed field gradient (pfg) 31p nmr. experiments used a pfg nmr probe specifically designed for small, superfused biological samples. this provided a magnetic field gradient in the z axis of up to 195 g/cm with minimal eddy currents. diatp and dipcr in white (fast, glycolytic) skeletal muscle from goldfish (carassius auratus) ... | 1995 | 7547189 |
| expression of the antifreeze protein gene in transgenic goldfish (carassius auratus) and its implication in cold adaptation. | ocean pout (macrozoarces americanus) antifreeze protein (afp) genes (approximately 10(6) copies) were microinjected into the oocytes of goldfish (carassius auratus). out of a total of 303 oocytes injected, 235 (77.6%) were normally fertilized after in vitro maturation and insemination, and 136 (57.9%) of the fertilized eggs were hatched. dot blot analysis of genomic dna from 2-month-old fish indicated that 30 of the fish (22%) were positive for the afp transgene. the numbers of integrated afp ge ... | 1995 | 7749462 |
| development of new nephrons in adult kidneys following gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity. | gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity results in necrosis of proximal tubular epithelial cells. in mammals, the injured nephron can be repaired by migration and division of surviving cells. we examined this repair process in the fresh-water goldfish, carassius auratus. fish were given a single intraperitoneal injection of 50 mg/kg gentamicin and sacrificed at 1, 4, 14, and 21 days. injured nephrons showed regeneration along the basement membrane several days following gentamicin administration. in a ... | 1995 | 7644760 |
| effects of season, temperature, and photoperiod on plasma melatonin rhythms in the goldfish, carassius auratus. | effects of season, environmental temperature, and photoperiod on plasma melatonin concentrations were studied in the goldfish, carassius auratus. when goldfish were reared under natural conditions, melatonin levels at mid-dark exhibited seasonal changes, with higher levels obtained in june and september than in december and march. when fish were kept under light:dark (ld) cycle of 12:12 at 5, 15, or 25 degrees c during march-april, temperature-dependent increases in melatonin levels at mid-dark ... | 1995 | 7629692 |
| comparative anterograde amnestic and anticonvulsant effects of two types of nmda receptor antagonists: mk-801 and ha-966. | the anterograde amnestic effects of non-competitive nmda antagonists mk-801 and ha-966 on classic fear conditioning in goldfish (carassius auratus) were examined in a series of experiments. experiments 1 and 2 contrasted the anterograde amnestic effects of mk-801, (+)ha-966, and (-)ha-966. experiment 3 examined the effects of mk-801 and (+)ha-966 on the expression of conditioned responses. experiments 4 and 5 investigated whether the potency of mk-801, (+)ha-966 or (-)ha-966 in blocking nmda-ind ... | 1995 | 7770609 |
| thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptors in the pituitary of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | binding parameters of radiolabeled pglu-3-me-his2-pro-nh2 ([3h]metrh) to pituitary trh receptors of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and goldfish (carassius auratus) were investigated. washed pituitary membranes were incubated with [3h]metrh in the absence (b0) or presence of trh or trh analogs under various paradigms. specific binding (bsp) was thermolabile and tissue dependent. association of bsp was slow (k + 1 = 1.43 x 10(7) m-1 min-1) achieving equilibrium binding after 60 min, and remai ... | 1995 | 7622016 |
| the thermal acclimation of burst escape performance in fish: an integrated study of molecular and cellular physiology and organismal performance | goldfish (family cyprinidae, carassius auratus) and killifish (family cyprinodontidae, fundulus heteroclitus) were acclimated to 10, 20 and 35 °c for 4 weeks. the thermal acclimation of c-start (escape swimming) performance and the physiological properties of fast twitch muscle fibres that underlie it were investigated in these species at the molecular (myosin isoform expression), biochemical (myofibrillar atpase activity), cellular (contractile kinetics) and organismal levels of organisatio ... | 1995 | 9320080 |
| hair cell heterogeneity in the goldfish saccule. | a set of cytological studies performed in the utricle and saccule of astronotus ocellatus (teleostei, percomorphi, cichlidae) identified two basic types of hair cells and others with some intermediate characteristics. this paper reports on applying the same techniques to the saccule of carassius auratus (teleostei, otophysi, cyprinidae) and demonstrates similar types of hair cells to those found in astronotus. since carassius and astronotus are species of extreme taxonomic distance within the eu ... | 1995 | 8719757 |
| reinforcing properties of the neuropeptide substance p in carassius auratus: evidence of dopaminergic system involvement. | the aim of the present study was to investigate whether neuropeptide substance p (sp) has reinforcing effects in carassius auratus and whether this effect could be related to dopaminergic neurotransmission. for this purpose fishes were put in a three-compartment box in which one compartment gave access to two others that did not directly link. the time spent in each compartment was registered for 10 min to determine a possible preferred compartment. twenty-four hours later, the fish were given o ... | 1995 | 7535468 |
| central projections from the goldfish pineal organ traced by hrp-immunocytochemistry. | pineal efferent projections have been traced in the brain of the goldfish (carassius auratus) by administration of a concentrated solution of horseradish peroxidase onto the pineal organ. after different survival times, fish were sacrificed and the administered peroxidase was revealed by immunocytochemistry on paraffin sections using an anti-horseradish peroxidase antiserum. immunoreactive fibres were seen in the anterior hypothalamus, habenula, dorsal thalamus, ventral thalamus, optic tectum, t ... | 1995 | 8574005 |
| distribution of neurons projecting to the trochlear nucleus in goldfish (carassius auratus). | the distribution of neurons projecting to the trochlear nucleus of goldfish (carassius auratus) was studied by the electrophoretic injection of horseradish peroxidase into the nucleus. the location of the injection site was electrophysiologically determined by the antidromic field potential elicited from the trochlear nucleus after the electrical stimulation of its nerve. retrogradely labeled neurons were observed in the following structures: (1) anterior, tangential and descending nuclei of the ... | 1995 | 7620876 |
| similar localization of immunoreactive glutamate and aspartate in the pineal organ and retina of various nonmammalian vertebrates. | the localization of immunoreactive glutamate and aspartate was compared in the pineal organ and retina of various vertebrates (raja clavata, carassius auratus, salvelinus alpinus, triturus vulgaris, triturus cristatus, lacerta muralis, lacerta agilis, lacerta viridis, columbia livia and white leghorn chicken) by postembedding immunoelectron microscopy. immunoreaction of both excitatory amino acids was detected in the pinealocytes in a localization similar to that of retinal photoreceptors. the r ... | 1995 | 8714767 |
| [serogroups, virulence and hemolytic activity of aeromon as hydrophila which caused fish bacterial septicaemia]. | a new infected disease called bacterial septicaemia occurred in cyprinid fish throughout china during 1989-1992. a. hydrophila was known as the most important pathogen of this harmful disease. thirty-three strains of a. hydrophila, most isolated from moribund fishes, were serogrouped by tube-agglutination with rabbit antisera. most of the isolates could be grouped into two serotypes, tps-30 and pbjs-76. these two groups could be found not only in zhejiang province but in other province in south ... | 1995 | 8745552 |
| immunocytochemical localization of granulin-1 to mononuclear phagocytic cells of the teleost fish cyprinus carpio and carassius auratus. | a new class of low-molecular-weight cysteine-rich regulatory growth factors, designated granulins, has been isolated from hematopoietic tissues of a teleost fish (cyprinus carpio) and structurally characterized. granulin-1, the predominant form found in carp spleen, was used to raise polyclonal antibodies in rabbits and to establish a radioimmunoassay. this permitted preliminary tissue distribution studies of granulin-1 to be undertaken in carp (cyprinus carpio) and goldfish (carassius auratus). ... | 1995 | 7829976 |
| myxobolus cultus n. sp. (myxosporea: myxobolidae) in the goldfish carassius auratus transformed from the actinosporean stage in the oligochaete branchiura sowerbyi. | a new myxosporean myxobolus cultus n. sp. was found in experimentally infected goldfish carassius auratus exposed to actinosporean spores from the oligochaete branchiura sowerbyi (tubificidae). at 2-4 mo following initial exposure, spores of m. cultus were observed in the cartilage of goldfish. a lymphocytic infiltrate surrounded the pseudocysts. some pseudocysts were destroyed and spores had been engulfed by phagocytes. phagocytized spores were also found in the epidermis of skin and within mel ... | 1995 | 7776133 |
| somatostatin-, vasoactive intestinal peptide-, and granulin-like peptides isolated from intestinal extracts of goldfish, carassius auratus. | three new peptides were originally isolated from intestinal extracts of goldfish. they were structurally related with somatostatin, vasoactive intestinal peptide (vip), and granulin (grn) and thus termed goldfish somatostatin (gss-28), gvip, and ggrn, respectively. the primary structures of these peptides were determined as: svessnhlpa 10rerkagcknf20ywkgftsc for the gss-28; hsdavftdny10sryrkqmaak20kylnsvla-nh2 for the gvip, and vihcdsstic10 pdgttcclsp20ygvwyccpfs30mgqccrdgih40ccrhgyhcds50tsthclr ... | 1995 | 8536941 |
| demonstration of the second intermediate hosts of clinostomum complanatum in korea. | a species of metacercariae recovered from the fresh-water fish, collected from kaumji (pond), kaechonji (pond) and ssanggyechon (river). uisong-gun, kyongsangbuk-do, korea, was identified as clinostomum complanatum by morphological observation and experimental infection to chicks. the excysted metacercariae, tongue-shaped and progenetic, were 3.28-4.27 mm in length and 0.94-1.46 mm in width. the adult flukes recovered from the chicks four days after infection were 4.20-4.86 mm long and 1.14-1.49 ... | 1995 | 8591008 |
| substance p-, f8famide-, and a18famide-like immunoreactivity in the nervus terminalis and retina of the goldfish carassius auratus. | we re-investigated the occurrence of substance p-like immunoreactivity in the retina of the goldfish carassius auratus using antisera to substance p and other tachykinins. most antisera labelled a previously described single class of mono-stratified amacrine cells arborizing in layer 3 of the inner plexiform layer. preabsorption experiments showed that these amacrine cells contained at least one tachykinin-like peptide. one antiserum (inc 353) to substance p labelled not only these amacrine cell ... | 1995 | 7541719 |
| the warm temperature acclimation-related 65-kda protein, wap65, in goldfish and its gene expression. | cdnas encoding a warm temperature acclimation-related protein (wap65) were cloned from the muscle and hepatopancreas cdna libraries of the warm temperature-acclimated goldfish carassius auratus, and their nucleotide sequences containing 5'- and 3'-noncoding regions together with their polyadenylation signal were determined. the deduced amino acid sequence of wap65 was 31% homologous to rat hemopexin. however, goldfish wap65 lacked a few possible glycosylation sites and presumed functional histid ... | 1995 | 7615502 |
| invertebrate and vertebrate immune cells express pro-opiomelanocortin (pomc) mrna. | we show here that hemocytes and leukocytes with phagocytic activity from both invertebrates (planorbarius corneus, viviparus ater) and vertebrates (carassius auratus, rana esculenta) express pro-opiomelanocortin (pomc) mrna, as assessed by in situ hybridization with a digoxigenin-labeled human dna probe. these data are in accord with previous observations from our laboratories on the presence in these cells of pomc-derived peptides and strongly suggest that these molecules--highly conserved thro ... | 1995 | 7620207 |
| immunocytochemical localization of sgnrh and cgnrh-ii in the brain of goldfish, carassius auratus. | the immunocytochemical distribution of salmon gonadotropin-releasing hormone (sgnrh) and chicken gnrh-ii (cgnrh-ii) neurons in the brain of goldfish was examined using respective antisera. salmon gnrh-immunoreactive (ir) cell bodies were localized in the area between the olfactory nerve and the olfactory bulb (the terminal nerve ganglion), the ventral telencephalon, the preoptic area, and the hypothalamus. chicken gnrh-ii-ir cell bodies were observed in the same areas as were those of sgnrh, alt ... | 1995 | 7629310 |
| receptor binding of gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonists that inhibit release of gonadotropin-ii and growth hormone in goldfish, carassius auratus. | in goldfish, gnrh stimulates gonadotropin-ii (gth-ii) and growth hormone (gh) release. the two native forms of gnrh, salmon gnrh (sgnrh) and chicken gnrh-ii (cgnrh-ii), bind to two classes of gnrh binding sites: high-affinity/low-capacity sites and low-affinity/high-capacity sites. our previous in vitro perifusion studies of goldfish pituitary fragments showed that [ac-delta 3-pro1, 4fd-phe2, d-trp3,6]-mgnrh (analog e), [ac-delta 3-pro1, 4fd-phe2, d-trp3,6]-sgnrh (analog c), and [ac-d(2)nal1, 4c ... | 1994 | 7803606 |
| a new class of dna photolyases present in various organisms including aplacental mammals. | dna photolyase specifically repairs uv light-induced cyclobutane-type pyrimidine dimers in dna through a light-dependent reaction mechanism. we have obtained photolyase genes from drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly), oryzias latipes (killifish) and the marsupial potorous tridactylis (rat kangaroo), the first photolyase gene cloned from a mammalian species. the deduced amino acid sequences of these higher eukaryote genes show only limited homology with microbial photolyase genes. together with th ... | 1994 | 7813451 |
| regional distribution and in vitro secretion of salmon and chicken-ii gonadotropin-releasing hormones from the brain and pituitary of juvenile and adult goldfish, carassius auratus. | the content of salmon (sgnrh) and chicken-ii (cgnrh-ii) gonadotropin-releasing hormones was measured in discrete brain regions and pituitaries of juvenile and postspawning adult goldfish, using specific radioimmunoassays. in juveniles, the content of both peptides was low. sgnrh was the predominant form in telencephalon-preoptic area (t-poa) (sgnrh:cgnrh-ii ratio = 2.06 +/- 0.66) and diencephalon (dien) (sgnrh:cgnrh-ii ratio = 2.72 +/- 0.32), whereas cgnrh-ii was predominant in cerebellum-brain ... | 1994 | 8194738 |
| comparative distribution of neurotensin-like immunoreactivity in the brain of a teleost (carassius auratus), an amphibian (hyla meridionalis), and a reptile (gallotia galloti). | the distribution of neurotensin (nt) was studied in the brain of three species belonging to the three major classes of cold-blooded vertebrates: teleost fishes (carassius auratus), anuran amphibians (hyla meridionalis), and reptiles (gallotia galloti; lacertidae). by using antibodies directed against synthetic bovine nt in the three species, immunoreactive cell bodies were discovered mostly in the telencephalon and diencephalon, in particular at the level of the preoptic region the mediobasal hy ... | 1994 | 7836560 |
| foreign gene transfer into nigorobuna (carassius auratus grandoculis). | supercoiled and linear plasmid dna containing the escherichia coli beta-galactosidase gene was injected into dechorionated nigorobuna (carassius auratus grandoculis) eggs prior to first cleavage. the survival rates in the hatching stage were 73% to 89% for injected eggs in comparison with controls (non-injected chorionated eggs). the exogenous dna was detected by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) in all of the three-day-old larvae analyzed and in about 20% of two-year-old adult fish. expression of ... | 1994 | 7881510 |
| perception of temporal acoustic patterns by the goldfish (carassius auratus). | the perception of temporal acoustic patterns was studied in the goldfish using classical respiratory conditioning in combination with a stimulus generalization paradigm. stimuli consisted of a bandpass filtered pulse repeated in various periodic and aperiodic temporal patterns. in each of 14 experiments, animals received 40 conditioning trials to a given stimulus pattern and were then tested for generalization to eight novel stimuli differing only in temporal pattern. in experiments 1-5, animals ... | 1994 | 7928708 |
| cloning of a marsupial dna photolyase gene and the lack of related nucleotide sequences in placental mammals. | photoreactivating enzyme, dna photolyase, reduces lethal, mutagenic and carcinogenic effects of ultraviolet light (uv) by catalyzing near uv or visible light-dependent repair of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (cpds) in dna. the enzyme activity has been detected in a wide variety of organisms ranging from bacteria to nonplacental mammals. however, the evidence for photoreactivation in placental mammals, including humans, is controversial. as a first step to identify the presence and activity of th ... | 1994 | 7937136 |
| monoclonal antibodies against goldfish (carassius auratus) immunoglobulin: application to the quantification of immunoglobulin and antibody-secreting cells by elispot and seric immunoglobulin and antibody levels by elisa in carp (cyprinus carpio). | monoclonal antibodies (mabs) raised against heavy and light chains of goldfish immunoglobulin (ig) were characterized by a western blot technique. a complete cross-reactivity was observed between carp and goldfish ig. these mabs were used for the quantification of carp ig and anti-yersinia ruckeri antibodies by elisa. an elispot assay was also developed in carp to quantify ig-secreting cells (isc) and antibody-secreting cells (asc). the number of asc was maximum on day 18 post-vaccination and de ... | 1994 | 7951348 |
| functional evidence regarding receptor subtypes mediating the actions of native gonadotropin-releasing hormones (gnrh) in goldfish, carassius auratus. | in goldfish, two native gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh) peptides, salmon gnrh (sgnrh) and chicken-ii gnrh (cgnrh-ii), stimulate gonadotropin (gth-ii) and growth hormone (gh) secretion. in the present study we tested whether sgnrh and cgnrh-ii act through different or the same population of gnrh receptors on gth and gh cells, using various approaches. a gnrh antagonist [ac-delta 3-pro1,4fd-phe2,d-trp3,6]sgnrh (analog c) equally inhibited gth-ii release by sgnrh and cgnrh-ii. similarly, [ac- ... | 1994 | 8045371 |
| differential actions of a mammalian gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist on gonadotropin-ii and growth hormone release in goldfish, carassius auratus. | in goldfish the two native forms of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh), salmon gnrh (sgnrh) and chicken gnrh-ii (cgnrh-ii), stimulate both gonadotropin-ii (gth-ii) and growth hormone (gh) release. modifications of gnrh structure at positions 1, 2, 3, and 6 often result in an antagonist in goldfish, an observation well documented in mammalian studies. in a preliminary study in goldfish, a mammalian gnrh antagonist, [ac-d(2)nal1, 4cl-d-phe2, d(3)-pal3,6, arg5, d-ala10]-mgnrh (analog l) weakly s ... | 1994 | 8084380 |
| organization of inner ear endorgan projections in the goldfish, carassius auratus. | cytoarchitectural analysis of the octavolateralis area of the goldfish, carassius auratus, reveals that as in other teleosts, five first-order octaval nuclei are present: the anterior octaval, magnocellular, descending, tangential, and posterior octaval nuclei. the descending nucleus appears to be anatomically specialized relative to that of the halecomorph amia calva and many teleosts in that a large dorsomedial subpopulation of the nucleus lies medial to nucleus medialis, a first-order lateral ... | 1994 | 8038983 |
| variable versus constant temperature acclimation regimes: effects on hemoglobin isomorph profile in goldfish,carassius auratus. | goldfish,carassius auratus, were acclimated for 2 to 3.5 weeks to three temperature regimes: [1] temporally-constant (10, 20 and 30°c), [2] diurnally-cycling (20 ± 10°c) and [3] randomly-fluctuating (± 2°c at approximately 2h intervals between extremes of 10 and 30°c). no significant differences in hematocrit were evident. hemoglobin levels in fish at constant 30°c and under randomly fluctuating temperature were significantly elevated. of the three hemoglobin isomorphs observed, the two minor co ... | 1994 | 24197140 |
| in vivo actions of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh) antagonist on gonadotropin-ii and growth hormone secretion in goldfish, carassius auratus. | in our previous in vitro studies, [ac-delta 3-pro1, 4fd-phe2, d-trp3,6]-mgnrh (analog e) suppressed both gonadotropin-ii (gth-ii) and growth hormone (gh) release stimulated by sgnrh and cgnrh-ii. in the present study analog e significantly inhibited the increases in plasma gth-ii levels stimulated by sgnrh in sexually mature female and sexually recrudescent goldfish. treatment of goldfish with alpha-methyl-p-tyrosin methyl ester (alpha-mpt) inhibits dopamine synthesis and abolishes the inhibitor ... | 1994 | 7883150 |
| pcr-cloning of goldfish and tilapia metallothionein complementary dnas. | metallothionein (mt) is believed to be a sensitive and effective "biomarker" for monitoring metal contamination in fish. comparison of amino acid sequences between flounder mt and trout mt revealed that there is a conserved region at their n-terminals. using oligonucleotides derived from this conserved region, reverse transcription- polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) was performed to obtain mt complementary dnas (cdnas) from goldfish, carassius auratus, and tilapia, tilapia mossambica. these cdn ... | 1994 | 7999050 |
| phagocytotic cells in the fish heart. | comparatively little is known about host-defense activities in the fish heart. investigations showed that intraperitoneally injected carbon particles are actively taken up by the cardiac endothelial cells of the medaka oryzias latipes, but less so by those of the goldfish carassius auratus and lemon tetra hyphessobrycon pulchripinnis. (in vitro experiments confirmed these species differences in endocytic activities by these cells.) electron microscopy revealed that endothelial cells of the medak ... | 1994 | 7880594 |
| nmda receptor antagonist mk-801 blocks learning of conditioned stimulus-unconditioned stimulus contiguity but not fear of conditioned stimulus in goldfish (carassius auratus l.). | the blockade of learning of pavlovian fear conditioning by the n-methyl-d-aspartic acid (nmda)-receptor antagonist mk-801 was examined in 166 goldfish. in previously untrained fish, mk-801 blocked learning of a light-off or a tone conditioned stimulus (cs) paired with an electrical shock unconditioned stimulus (us). pretraining on the light-off cs did not affect the rate of learning of the tone cs but protected the tone learning from disruption by mk-801. switching from the light-off to the tone ... | 1994 | 7826516 |
| temporal discrimination learning of operant feeding in goldfish (carassius auratus). | operant temporal discrimination learning was investigated in goldfish. in the first experiment, there was a fixed daily change in illumination. eight subjects were trained to operate a lever that reinforced each press with food. the period during which responses were reinforced was then progressively reduced until it was 1 hr in every 24. the final 1-hr feeding schedule was maintained over 4 weeks. the feeding period commenced at the same time each day throughout. the food dispensers were then m ... | 1994 | 16812735 |
| the in vitro metabolism of 17-hydroxyprogesterone by ovaries of the goldfish, carassius auratus, is affected by substrate concentration. | ovaries of mature goldfish (carassius auratus) were incubated with 17-[3h]hydroxyprogesterone and 0, 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 micrograms/ml 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17p). the major products were quantified after separation by thin-layer and high-performance chromatography. the results show that substrate concentration markedly affects the pattern of metabolites. glucuronides and sulfates decreased from 7.2 +/- 2.0 and 28.5 +/- 4.4% of recovered radioactivity, respectively, in the absence of adde ... | 1994 | 7926646 |
| [the effect of cadmium on the intestine of carassius auratus]. | the paper deals with the cadmium effects on the intestinal mucosa of adult carassius auratus after 7, 14 and 40 days of exposure. after 7 days the mucosa becomes oedematous; the mucous cells show intensive secretion. the cells showing immunoreactivity for the met- and leu-enkephalin miss this feature. after 14 days these modifications diminish and after 40 days disappear completely and the mucosa gains its normal characteristics. | 1994 | 7978344 |
| immunolocalization of aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase in goldfish (carassius auratus) brain. | the distribution of monoamines (catecholamines and serotonin) in fishes has been previously studied by immunohistochemistry of both the monoamines themselves and their biosynthetic enzymes. but the distribution of neurons containing aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase, an enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of both catecholamines and serotonin, has up to now not been investigated. in order to improve knowledge about the localization of aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase, neurons containing this ... | 1994 | 7913102 |
| polyunsaturated fatty acids do not activate protein kinase c in the testis of the goldfish (carassius auratus). | earlier studies have established that polyunsaturated fatty acids (pufa) such as eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid inhibit steroid production in the goldfish testis. as pufa inhibit testicular steroidogenesis in the rat through activation of protein kinase c (pkc), the present studies were undertaken to characterize the properties of pkc in the goldfish testis and to test the effects of selected pufa on pkc activity. pkc activity was quantified in goldfish testis homogenate followin ... | 1994 | 24203271 |
| nearfield detection of dipole sources by the goldfish (carassius auratus) and the mottled sculpin (cottus bairdi). | surprisingly few behavioral data exist on dipole source detection by fish, despite the fact that dipole sources more closely approximate biologically relevant signals than do more nearly monopole sources such as loudspeakers, the stimulus used in nearly all fish auditory studies. in this study, dipole source detection is investigated for two fish species that differ in both their auditory and lateral line systems, the two systems capable of detecting dipole sources. conditioned suppression of re ... | 1994 | 7964388 |
| purification and characterization of p68/70, regeneration-associated proteins from goldfish brain. | two acidic proteins (p68/70) previously shown to be associated with regeneration of the goldfish optic nerve were purified 887-fold from brain homogenates of carassius auratus. purification to homogeneity was achieved by sequential chromatography of a 100,000 g brain supernatant fraction on deae-sephacel, cu(2+)-charged iminodiacetic acid agarose, and gel filtration. the stokes radius of the doublet was determined to be 5.8 nm, and the sedimentation coefficient calculated to be 5.2. from these v ... | 1994 | 8113803 |