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isolation of heat-tolerant myoglobin from asian swamp eel monopterus albus.myoglobin from asian swamp eel monopterus albus was purified from fish muscle using salt fractionation followed by column chromatography and molecular filtration. the purified mb of 0.68 mg/g wet weight of muscle was determined for its molecular mass by maldi-tof-ms to be 15,525.18 da. using isoelectric focusing technique, the purified mb showed two derivatives with pi of 6.40 and 7.12. six peptide fragments of this protein identified by lc-ms/ms were homologous to mbs of sea raven hemitripterus ...201222538454
tissue specificity in nickel uptake and induction of oxidative stress in kidney and spleen of goldfish carassius auratus, exposed to waterborne nickel.toxic and carcinogenic effects of nickel compounds are suggested to result from nickel-mediated oxidative damage to macromolecules and/or inhibition of cellular antioxidant defenses. we investigated the effects of waterborne ni(2+) (10, 25 and 50 mg/l) on the blood and blood-producing tissues (kidney and spleen) of goldfish to identify relationships between ni accumulation and oxidative stress. whereas the main hematological parameters (total hemoglobin and hematocrit) were unaffected, ni(2+) ex ...201222534063
bioaccumulation, depuration and biotransformation of 4,4'-dibromodiphenyl ether in crucian carp (carassius auratus).polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes) are extensively used as a class of flame retardants and have become ubiquitous environmental pollutants. significant biotransformation of some pbdes via reductive debromination has been observed. however, little is known about the fate of lower brominated bdes in fish. in this study, the tissue distribution, excretion, depuration and biotransformation of 4,4'-dibromodiphenyl ether (bde 15) were investigated in crucian carp (carassius auratus) which were exp ...201222036552
adverse effects of bisphenol a on reproductive physiology in male goldfish at environmentally relevant concentrations.alternations of reproductive physiology were studied in the male goldfish (carassius auratus l.) exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations (0.6, 4.5 and 11.0 μg/l) of bisphenol a (bpa) at days 10, 20 and 30 after exposure. significant effects of bpa concentration, exposure time and their interactions were observed on testosterone (t), 11-ketotestosterone (11-kt) and sperm motility and velocity, but gonadosomatic index (gsi), hepatosomatic index (hsi) and 17β-estradiol (e(2)) were not af ...201222036266
effects of etidronate on calcification of scales and ribs in the goldfish, carassius auratus.effects of etidronate on the calcification of scales and ribs were investigated in goldfish. daily intraperitoneal injections of etidronate at doses of 1 and 10 mgp/kg body weight for 2 weeks inhibited calcification of ontogenic scales and ribs without affecting the accretion of organic matrices. removal of some scales induced their regeneration within the two-week period. their newly formed organic matrix was fully uncalcified in fish treated with 10 mgp/kg, whereas in those treated with 1 mgp/ ...201221695481
technical note: viability and motility of vitrified/thawed primordial germ cell isolated from common carp (cyprinus carpio) somite embryos.the feasibility of cryopreserving common carp (cyprinus carpio) primordial germ cells (pgc) by vitrification of whole embryos at the 22- to 28-somite stage was investigated. green fluorescent protein (gfp)-labeled pgc were cooled rapidly using liquid nitrogen after exposure to a pretreatment solution containing 1.5 m cryoprotectant (ethylene glycol or dimethyl sulfoxide, 30 or 50 min) and a vitrification solution containing 3 m cryoprotectant and 0.5 m sucrose (5, 10, 20, or 30 min). embryonic c ...201221926320
colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor protein expression is a specific marker for goldfish (carassius auratus l.) macrophage progenitors and their differentiated cell types.signaling through the colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (csf-1r) mediates the proliferation, differentiation, and activation of macrophages and their progenitors. in this study we report on the use of an anti-goldfish csf-1r antibody to specifically recognize a population of csf-1r positive cells from goldfish tissues. furthermore, using our previously characterized primary kidney macrophage culture system, we show that csf-1r positive cells include monocytes, macrophages, and their progenito ...201222202746
metabolism of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and tetrabromobisphenol a by fish liver subcellular fractions in vitro.polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes) and tetrabromobisphenol a (tbbpa) are two major flame retardants that accumulate in fish tissues and are potentially toxic. their debrominated and oxidated derivatives were also reported in fish tissues although the sources of theses derivatives were unidentified. our study was to determine whether pbdes and tbbpa could be metabolized by fish liver subcellular fractions in vitro and to identify what types of metabolites were formed. liver microsomes and s9 ...201222417763
branchial and extra-branchial ammonia excretion in goldfish (carassius auratus) following thermally induced gill remodeling.under cold acclimated conditions, goldfish (carassius auratus) express an interlamellar cell mass (ilcm) which limits diffusive ion loss but may also impede branchial ammonia excretion (j(amm)). in the present study, goldfish were subjected to a 2-week 5 or 25 °c acclimation in order to modulate the degree of ilcm gill coverage and determine potential effects on j(amm). 25 °c-fish displayed gill coverage which was significantly lower than the 5 °c-fish, though the ilcm was not completely absent ...201222387290
heavy metal (cd, cr, cu, hg, pb, zn) concentrations in seven fish species in relation to fish size and location along the yangtze river.the objective of this paper is to assess the regulation of the accumulation of heavy metals in the aquatic environment and different fish species.201222382698
pharmacokinetics and tissue residues of hydrochloric acid albendazole sulfoxide and its metabolites in crucian carp (carassius auratus) after oral administration.the pharmacokinetics and residues elimination of hydrochloric acid albendazole sulfoxide (abzso) and its metabolites were studied in healthy crucian carp (carassius auratus, 250 ± 30 g) kept at water temperatures of 10 °c and 25 °c. the concentrations of abzso and its metabolites concentration in plasma and tissues were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) using an ultraviolet detector. the results revealed that the plasma concentration of abzso in plasma was significan ...201222227164
pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin in allogynogenetic silver crucian carp, carassius auratus gibelio.the pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin (ef) was investigated after single intravenous (i.v.) and oral (p.o.) administration of 10 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) in 300 healthy allogynogenetic silver crucian carp at 24-26°c. the plasma concentrations of ef and its metabolite ciprofloxacin (cf) were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. after i.v. administration, the plasma concentration-time data were described by an open two-compartment model. the elimination half-life (t(1/2β)), area un ...201221913940
the effects of dissolved oxygen levels on the metabolic interaction between digestion and locomotion in cyprinid fishes with different locomotive and digestive performances.to test whether the effects of water oxygen concentration ([o(2)]) on the metabolic interaction between locomotion and digestion differ between fish species with different locomotive and digestive behaviours in normoxia, we investigated the swimming performance of fasted and fed fish at water [o(2)] of 1, 2 and 8 (normoxia) mg l(-1) (2.5, 5 and 20 kpa) at 25°c in three juvenile cyprinidae fish species: goldfish (carassius auratus), common carp (cyprinus carpio) and qingbo (spinibarbus sinensis). ...201222234476
assessment of the state of the gibel carp carassius auratus gibelio in the amur river basin: heavy-metal and arsenic concentrations and histopathology of internal organs.this study describes the concentrations of heavy metals and arsenic (as) and the basic histopathological changes in the internal organs of gibel carp carassius auratus gibelio from five sites of the amur river basin. gibel carp from sindinskaya passage had the highest liver concentrations of zinc (zn) (31.95 ± 13.443), copper (cu) (12.52 ± 5.746), manganese (9.22 ± 8.121), and cadmium (0.37 ± 0.660 mg/kg wet weight [ww]) compared with fish captured from the bol'shoi ussuriiskii island area and k ...201222012303
the effects of gill remodeling on transepithelial sodium fluxes and the distribution of presumptive sodium-transporting ionocytes in goldfish (carassius auratus).goldfish, carassius auratus, adaptively remodel their gills in response to changes in ambient oxygen and temperature, altering the functional lamellar surface area to balance the opposing requirements for respiration and osmoregulation. in this study, the effects of thermal- and hypoxia-mediated gill remodeling on branchial na(+) fluxes and the distribution of putative na(+)-transporting ionocytes in goldfish were assessed. when assessed either in vitro (isolated gill arches) or in vivo at a com ...201222006282
single and combined effects of selected pharmaceuticals at sublethal concentrations on multiple biomarkers in carassius auratus.in this study, the sublethal effects of caffeine, sulfamethoxazole and their mixture on goldfish (carassius auratus) were investigated, the biomarkers including acetylcholinesterase (ache) in brain, 7-ethoxyresorufin o-deethylase (erod), glutathione s-transferase (gst) and superoxide dismutase (sod) in liver and vitellogenin (vtg) in serum were determined after 1, 2, 4, and 7 days of exposure. ache activity was significantly inhibited by caffeine (≥0.4 mg/l), sulfamethoxazole (≥0.4 mg/l) and the ...201221947668
visual system scaling in teleost fish.teleost fish grow continuously throughout their lifespan, and this growth includes visual system components: eyes, optic nerves, and brain. as fish grow, the optic nerve lengthens and neural signals must travel increasing distances from the eye to the optic tectum along thousands of retinal ganglion cell (rgc) axons. larger fish have better vision that enhances their ability to capture prey, but they are faced with the potential computational problem of changes in the relative timing of visual i ...201221681750
attempt at cloning high-quality goldfish breed 'ranchu' by fin-cultured cell nuclear transplantation.the viability of ornamental fish culture relies on the maintenance of high-quality breeds. to improve the profitability of culture operations we attempted to produce cloned fish from the somatic nucleus of the high-quality japanese goldfish (carassius auratus auratus) breed 'ranchu'. we transplanted the nucleus of a cultured fin-cell from an adult ranchu into the non-enucleated egg of the original goldfish breed 'wakin'. of the 2323 eggs we treated, 802 underwent cleavage, 321 reached the blastu ...201221106134
responses of ache and gst activities to insecticide coexposure in carassius auratus.organophosphates and carbamates are widely used pesticides and play an important role in global agriculture. the misuse of these compounds has caused environmental problems and has had a negative impact on wildlife. in this study, the in vivo effects of commercial chlorpyrifos and isoprocarb on acetylcholinesterase (ache) and glutathione s-transferase (gst) activities in goldfish (carassius auratus) were investigated. muscle and brain ache activity was significantly inhibited by chlorpyrifos and ...201220549641
male primer endocrine responses to preovulatory female cyprinids under natural conditions in sweden.this study investigated two related aspects of male-female reproductive interactions in the family cyprinidae: (1) whether ovulating female rudd scardinius erythrophthalmus (subfamily leuciscinae) induce endocrine and gonadal priming responses in conspecific males, a phenomenon which has been described only in species from the subfamily cyprininae such as goldfish, carassius auratus, crucian carp carassius carassius and common carp, cyprinus carpio and (2) whether the stimuli mediating these res ...201222220895
toxicity assessment on three direct dyes (d-bll, d-gln, d-3rnl) using oxidative stress bioassay and quantum parameter calculation.textile dyes and dye industrial effluents are widely known for esthetic and toxicity problems. the toxicity of three direct dyes, direct blending rebine (d-bll), direct blending scarlet (d-gln), and direct blending yellow (d-3rnl), were examined by the antioxidase and lipid peroxide index. fish (carassius auratus) were exposed to 100mg/l test compounds or injected with 200μg/kg corresponding dyes, and then samples of liver were collected at different times (0.5, 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 13, 17 and 22d ) ...201223062468
the physiology of fish behaviour: a selective review of developments over the past 40 years(§).during the past 40 years many new techniques have emerged that have been pivotal in furthering understanding of the physiology of fish behaviour. behavioural studies have been enhanced by video recording systems and software for computerized event recording analysis, fine scale anatomical studies by fluorescence confocal microscopy, neurophysiological studies by visualisation and neuroendocrinology with techniques for identifying, localizing and quantifying many neurochemicals within the central ...201223252730
an integrated assessment of estrogenic contamination and feminization risk in fish in taihu lake, china.an integrated approach, combining biological and chemical methods, was used to assess potential exposure to exogenous estrogens and their possible interference with the endocrine system of male goldfish (carassius auratus) in taihu lake. a suite of biomarkers in caged fish after in situ exposure for 28 days, coupled with six selected exogenous estrogens in water, were determined at eight biomonitoring stations. the compounds estrone, 17β-estradiol (e2), estriol, 17α-ethinylestradiol (ee2), bisph ...201222906715
antiparasitic efficacy of piperine against argulus spp. on carassius auratus (linn. 1758): in vitro and in vivo study.argulus are common aquatic ectoparasites that create one of the major threats to aquaculture due to absence of suitable therapy. piperine, a bioactive component of piper longum, has medicinal properties and acts as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antifungal, considering eco-friendliness and cost-effectiveness. the present study aimed to evaluate antiparasitic effect of piperine against an ectoparasite argulus spp. on carassius auratus. artificial argulus infection was carried out by cohabi ...201222864920
antiprotozoal activity of medicinal plants against ichthyophthirius multifiliis in goldfish (carassius auratus).ichthyophthiriasis is a widespread disease in aquaculture and causes mass mortalities of fish. the development of new antiprotozoal agents for the treatment of ichthyophthirius multifiliis infections is of increasing interest. the aim of the present study was to investigate the efficacy of 30 medicinal plants against i. multifiliis. the results showed that the methanol extracts of magnolia officinalis and sophora alopecuroides displayed the highest antiprotozoal activity against theronts, with 4 ...201222864919
oxidative stress responses in blood and gills of carassius auratus exposed to the mancozeb-containing carbamate fungicide tattoo.intensive use of pesticides, particularly dithiocarbamates, in agriculture often leads to contamination of freshwater ecosystems. to our knowledge, the mechanisms of toxicity to fish by the carbamate fungicide tattoo that contains mancozeb [ethylenebis(dithiocarbamate)] have not been studied. the present study aimed to evaluate the effects of tattoo on goldfish gills and blood, tissues that would have close early contact with the pollutant. exposure of goldfish carassius auratus to 3, 5 or 10mgl ...201222963715
apoptotic responses of carassius auratus lymphocytes to nodularin exposure in vitro.nodularin, a metabolite of nodularin spumigena, is widely detected in water blooms worldwide and causes serious negative effects on fish. the apoptosis-related cytotoxic effects and mechanisms of nodularin on carassius auratus lymphocytes were investigated. transmission electron microscopy results showed that nodularin-treated lymphocytes display a series of morphological changes, including condensed cytoplasm, nuclear chromatin agglutination and marginalization. dna fragmentation was verified b ...201222951228
structural and oxidative changes in the kidney of crucian carp induced by silicon-based quantum dots.silicon-based quantum dots were intraperitoneally injected in carassius auratus gibelio specimens and, over one week, the effects on renal tissue were investigated by following their distribution and histological effects, as well as antioxidative system modifications. after three and seven days, detached epithelial cells from the basal lamina, dilated tubules and debris in the lumen of tubules were observed. at day 7, nephrogenesis was noticed. the reduced glutathione (gsh) concentration decreas ...201222949855
gibel carp carassius auratus gut microbiota after oral administration of trimethoprim/ sulfamethoxazole.trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole is widely used in the treatment of infectious diseases caused by bacterial pathogens in aquaculture. however, the practice of antibiotic administration can promote the emergence of resistant strains of bacteria and result in a wane in efficacy over time. the objective of this study was to assess the effect of oral treatment with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole on the gastrointestinal (gi) microbiota of healthy gibel carp and those affected with bacterial enteritis. by ...201222832719
anti-androgen vinclozolin impairs sperm quality and steroidogenesis in goldfish.in mammals, vinclozolin (vz) is known as anti-androgen, which causes male infertility via androgen receptor (ar) antagonism. in aquatic animals, the vz effects on reproductive functions are largely unknown and results are somewhat contradictory. to understand vz adverse effects on male reproduction, mature goldfish (carassius auratus) were exposed to three nominal vz concentrations (100, 400, and 800 μg/l) and alternations in gonadosomatic (gsi) and hepatosomatic indices (hsi), 17β-estradiol (e( ...201222819807
metal accumulation in fish from different zones of a large, shallow freshwater lake.metal (cd, pb, cr, ni, mn, cu, and zn) concentrations in different fish species sampled from two distinct (phytoplankton- and macrophyte-dominated) lake zones of a large, shallow freshwater lake, taihu lake, were investigated. concentrations of most metals in muscle of the small-sized fish (protosalanx hyalocranius, pseudorasbora parva, and rhodeus ocellatus) were always significantly higher than those of the large-sized (carassius auratus, cyprinus carpio, and aristichthys nobilis) and carnivor ...201223009814
upregulation of the β-form of 14-3-3 protein in telencephalon of goldfish (carassius auratus): its possible role in spatial learning.in the present study, we observed variations in the expression pattern of proteins isolated from the telencephalon of goldfish (carassius auratus). the expression of a 28 kda protein was elevated in the individuals trained in a spatial task when compared with the untrained individuals. the ∼28 kda protein was analyzed using liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry; further, the data were analyzed using the mascot search engine. the analysis showed that the ∼28 kda protein is a β form of 14-3- ...201222922599
shotgun lipidomics strategy for fast analysis of phospholipids in fisheries waste and its potential in species differentiation.an efficient shotgun lipidomics strategy was established and optimized for fast phospholipid profiling of viscera from three fish species: lateolabrax japonicas, ctenopharyngodon idellus, and carassius auratus. this strategy relies on direct infusion of total lipid extracts into a tandem mass spectrometer without additional separation of the individual molecular species. four classes of phospholipids, including phosphatidylcholine (pc), phosphatidylethanolamine (pe), phosphatidylinositol (pi), a ...201222946708
[toxicity and tissue accumulation of nonylphenol in carassius auratus red variety, grass carp and sliver carp].to understand the toxicity of nonylphenol on different fish species.201223213694
formation of biogenic amines in crucian carp (carassius auratus) during storage in ice and at 4°c.the formation of eight biogenic amines (bas), total volatile base nitrogen (tvb-n), aerobic plate counts (apc), and sensory evaluation in crucian carp (carassius auratus) during storage in ice and at 4°c were investigated. the sum of contents of all eight biogenic amines (sba) in crucian carp increased from 49.82 to 197.09 mg/kg on day 36 when stored in ice and from 49.82 to 219.35 mg/kg on day 24 when stored at 4°c. tvb-n content increased with storage time; good relationships between tvb-n con ...201223212022
otolith end organ projections to auditory neurons in the descending octaval nucleus of the goldfish, carassius auratus: a confocal analysis.the distribution of axons from the saccule, lagena, and utricle to descending octaval nucleus neurons that project to the auditory midbrain in the goldfish is reported. we have divided these auditory projection neurons, located in the dorsal portion of the descending octaval nucleus (ddo), into two groups, medial and lateral, each of which contains several neuronal populations based on morphology and location. at most levels of the ddo, there are three medial and three lateral populations; the r ...201222846681
effect of trichlorfon on hepatic lipid accumulation in crucian carp carassius auratus gibelio.this study evaluated the toxic effects of the organophosphate pesticide trichlorfon on hepatic lipid accumulation in crucian carp carassius auratus gibelio. seventy-five fish were divided into five groups (each group in triplicate), and then exposed to 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 mg/l of trichlorfon and fed with commercial feed for 30 d. at the end of the experiment, plasma and hepatic lipid metabolic biochemical status were analyzed. triglyceride contents were significantly (p < 0.05) increased i ...201222897202
fasting goldfish, carassius auratus, and common carp, cyprinus carpio, use different metabolic strategies when swimming.fish need to balance their energy use between digestion and other activities, and different metabolic compromises can be pursued. we examined the effects of fasting (7 days) on metabolic strategies in goldfish and common carp at different swimming levels. fasting had no significant effect on swimming performance (u(crit)) of either species. feeding and swimming profoundly elevated total ammonia (t(amm)) excretion in both species. in fed goldfish, this resulted in increased ammonia quotients (aq) ...201222884681
molecular characterization of cholecystokinin in grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idellus): cloning, localization, developmental profile, and effect of fasting and refeeding on expression in the brain and intestine.cholecystokinin (cck) is a multi-functional brain-gut peptide in fish and mammals. to investigate the role of cck in appetite regulation in fish, a 770-bp full-length cdna sequence of cck gene was obtained by rt-pcr and rapid amplification of cdna ends methods in grass carp ctenopharyngodon idellus. homology analysis showed that the cck cdna sequence of grass carp had the highest similarity (90 %) to that of goldfish carassius auratus and a higher similarity (>70 %) to those of other teleosts th ...201222752267
organization and variation analysis of 5s rdna in different ploidy-level hybrids of red crucian carp × topmouth culter.through distant crossing, diploid, triploid and tetraploid hybrids of red crucian carp (carassius auratus red var., rcc♀, cyprininae, 2n = 100) × topmouth culter (erythroculter ilishaeformis bleeker, tc♂, cultrinae, 2n = 48) were successfully produced. diploid hybrids possessed 74 chromosomes with one set from rcc and one set from tc; triploid hybrids harbored 124 chromosomes with two sets from rcc and one set from tc; tetraploid hybrids had 148 chromosomes with two sets from rcc and two sets fr ...201222720007
modulations in androgen and estrogen mediating genes and testicular response in male goldfish exposed to bisphenol a.adverse effects of bisphenol a (bpa) on reproductive physiology were studied in male goldfish (carassius auratus) exposed to nominal environmentally relevant concentrations (0.2 and 20 µg/l) for up to 90 d. transcriptions of various reproductive genes were measured in brain, liver, and testis to investigate the bpa modes of action. volume, density, total number, motility, and velocity of sperm were measured to assess testicular function. at 0.2 µg/l, bpa reduced steroidogenetic acute regulatory ...201222714401
pressure and particle motion detection thresholds in fish: a re-examination of salient auditory cues in teleosts.the auditory evoked potential technique has been used for the past 30 years to evaluate the hearing ability of fish. the resulting audiograms are typically presented in terms of sound pressure (db re. 1 μpa) with the particle motion (db re. 1 m s(-2)) component largely ignored until recently. when audiograms have been presented in terms of particle acceleration, one of two approaches has been used for stimulus characterisation: measuring the pressure gradient between two hydrophones or using acc ...201222693030
an evaluation of the combined effects of phenolic endocrine disruptors on vitellogenin induction in goldfish carassius auratus.phenolic compounds are widely distributed in the natural environment, typically existing as a mixture at the nanogram or microgram per liter level. among the phenolic compounds, 4-nonylphenol, 4-t-octylphenol, bisphenol a and 2,4-dichlorophenol attract the most concern due to their abundance and risks within the natural environment. the former three chemicals are known as endocrine disruptors causing feminization in various organisms, whereas the latter one requires further clarification concern ...201222592663
the interactive effects of exercise and gill remodeling in goldfish (carassius auratus).gill remodeling in goldfish (carassius auratus) is accomplished by the appearance or retraction of a mass of cells (termed the interlamellar cell mass or ilcm) between adjacent lamellae. given the presumed effects of gill remodeling on diffusing capacity, the goals of the current study were (1) to determine the consequences of increased aerobic o(2) demand (swimming) on gill remodelling and (2) to assess the consequences of the presence or absence of the ilcm on aerobic swimming capacity. fish a ...201222588580
subcellular localization and functional characterization of a fish irf9 from crucian carp carassius auratus.mammalian interferon (ifn) regulatory factor 9 (irf-9) has long been recognized as the dna sequence recognition subunit of ifn-stimulated gene factor 3 (isgf3) complex, which is critical for type i ifn to induce the expression of ifn-stimulated genes (isgs) against viral infection. recent studies have shown that fish ifn exerts antiviral effects by induction of a number of isgs and also of itself; however, little is known about the role of fish irf9 in ifn signaling. here we identify a fish irf9 ...201222626811
additional novel cryptosporidium genotypes in ornamental fishes.current knowledge on the prevalence and genotypes of cryptosporidium in fishes is still limited. this study investigated the prevalence of cryptosporidium species in 171 ornamental fishes, belonging to 33 species, collected from 8 commercial aquariums around perth, western australia. all samples were screened by nested pcr targeting the 18s rrna locus. a total of 6 positives were identified by pcr at the 18s locus from 4 different species of fishes (red eye tetra, moenkhausia sanctaefilomenae; g ...201222819587
α gaba(a) subunit-orexin receptor interactions activate learning/motivational pathways in the goldfish.orexins (orxs) cross-talking with γ-aminobutyric acid(a) receptor (gaba(a)r) is beginning to constitute a key neuronal signaling feature responsible for the successful promotion of sleep-wake cycle, feeding and motor behaviors plus reward/motivational activities. in this work, orx-a and the two α gaba(a)r agonists (zolpidem, zol; diazepam, dzp) accounted for very great (p<0.001) increases of feeding while only dzp elicited great (p<0.01) levels of food intake in the goldfish (carassius auratus). ...201222814116
transcriptional regulation of temperature-induced remodeling of muscle bioenergetics in goldfish.central to mammalian mitochondrial biogenesis is the transcriptional master regulator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (ppar)-γ coactivator-1α (pgc-1α), and a network of dna-binding proteins it coactivates. we explored the role of this pathway in muscle mitochondrial biogenesis in response to thermal acclimation in goldfish (carassius auratus). we investigated the transcriptional response of pgc-1α, pgc-1β, and their antagonist the nuclear receptor interacting protein 1 (rip140), as we ...201222621965
polycystic liver in a goldfish, carassius auratus (l.). 201222804783
gap junction contributions to the goldfish electroretinogram at the photopic illumination level.understanding how the b-wave of the electroretinogram (erg) is generated by full-field light stimulation is still a challenge in visual neuroscience. to understand more about the origin of the b-wave, we studied the contributions of gap junctions to the erg b-wave. many types of retinal neurons are connected to similar and different neighboring neurons through gap junctions. the photopic (cone-dominated) erg, stimulated by a small light beam, was recorded from goldfish (carassius auratus) using ...201222802705
development of a minimum-anesthetic-concentration depression model to study the effects of various analgesics in goldfish (carassius auratus).teleost fish demonstrate the neurophysiologic capacity to experience pain and analgesia. a common model for assessing analgesic effect is the reduction of minimum anesthetic concentration (mac). the present study adapted the model of mac depression to evaluate the analgesic effects of morphine, butorphanol, medetomidine, and ketoprofen in goldfish (carassius auratus). mac was determined by an up-down method of sequential population sampling, anesthetizing fish with tricaine methanesulfonate (ms- ...201222779222
expression patterns of runx2, sparc, and bgp during scale regeneration in the goldfish carassius auratus.teleost fish scale is a dermal skeleton equipped with a strong regenerative ability. owing to this regenerative ability, teleost fish scale can be used as a model for the regeneration of the dermal skeleton. however, there is insufficient fundamental knowledge of the regeneration, and this limits the usage of fish scale. in this study, as a first step toward understanding the molecular mechanism of the cellular differentiation during scale regeneration, we cloned the cdnas for osteoblast-related ...201222544716
characterization of bmp15 and its regulation by human chorionic gonadotropin in the follicle of gibel carp (carassius auratus gibelio).bone morphogenetic protein (bmp15) is a member of the transforming growth factor β (tgf-β) superfamily with a key role in regulating follicle development in mammals and birds. however, potential ovarian roles of bmps remain unexplored in teleosts. in this study, the full-length sequences of bmp15 were obtained using rapid-amplification of cdna ends (race). the full-length cdna sequence of bmp15 is 2217 bp which contained 214 bp 5'-utr and 845 bp 3'-utr. the open reading frame (orf) sequence of b ...201222613815
non-canonical residues of the marginally stable monomeric ubiquitin conjugase from goldfish are involved in binding to the c terminus of ring 1b.e2 ubiquitin conjugases are ~20kda enzymes involved in ubiquitination processes in eukaryotes. the e2s are responsible for the transference of ubiquitin (ub) to e3 enzymes, which finally transfer ub to diverse target proteins, labelling them for degradation, localization and regulation. although their functions are relatively well-characterized, their conformational stabilities are poorly known. in this work, we have used, as a model for our biophysical and binding studies, the e2-c from carassi ...201222609416
assessment of copper and zinc levels in fish from freshwater ecosystems of moldova.the aim of this work was to assess the levels of copper and zinc in fish from the main freshwater ecosystems of moldova, in relation with species, habitat, age, sex, season, and development stage.201222234853
[a new pathogen of gibel carp carassius auratus gibelio-shewanella putrefaciens].we studied a novel disease occurred among cultured carassius auratus gibelio at a farm located in yancheng city, jiangsu province.201222803340
analysis of the immune response in infections of the goldfish (carassius auratus l.) with mycobacterium marinum.the rapid doubling time and genetic relatedness of the fish pathogen mycobacterium marinum to mycobacterium tuberculosis has rendered the former an attractive model for investigating mycobacterial host-pathogen interactions. we employed the m. marinum-goldfish infection model to investigate the in vivo immune responses to this pathogen in the context of a natural host. histological analysis revealed mycobacterial infiltrates in goldfish kidney and spleen tissues, peaking 28 days post infections ...201222885635
bioassay-guided isolation and identification of active compounds from semen pharbitidis against dactylogyrus intermedius (monogenea) in goldfish (carassius auratus).the present study was undertaken to isolate the active compounds responsible for the anthelmintic activity of methanol extract of semen pharbitidis against dactylogyrus intermedius in goldfish (carassius auratus). the active methanol extract was fractionated on silica gel column chromatography in a bioassay-guided fractionation, eventually yielding two bioactive compounds: palmitic acid and pharnilatin a by comparing spectral data (nmr and esi-ms) with literature values. according to in vivo ant ...201222336774
screening of 42 medicinal plants for in vivo anthelmintic activity against dactylogyrus intermedius (monogenea) in goldfish (carassius auratus).in the present study, methanol extracts of 42 traditional medicinal plants with potent anthelmintic activity against dactylogyrus intermedius (monogenea) in goldfish (carassius auratus) were investigated. cinnamomum cassia, lindera aggregata, and pseudolarix kaempferi exhibited 100% activity and were selected for further evaluation by applying five solvents (petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol, and water) for the extraction of the samples, followed by the in vivo bioassay. among ...201222246367
the effect of ethanol on temperature selection in the goldfish, carassius auratus.the effect of ethanol on behavioral thermoregulation in the goldfish, carassius auratus, was studied by adding ethanol to a horizontal aquatic temperature gradient which allowed each fish to select its preferred temperature within a range of about 9 degrees c to 33 degrees c. alternating exposure to 1.0% (v/v) ethanol and water showed that fish (10 to 15 g) responded to ethanol by selecting lower temperatures. onset and disappearance of the effect occurred within 10 min of exposure to or removal ...20123362919
recombinant glycoprotein 63 (gp63) of trypanosoma carassii suppresses antimicrobial responses of goldfish (carassius auratus l.) monocytes and macrophages.we previously reported that proteins secreted by trypanosoma carassii play a role in evasion of fish host immune responses. to further understand how these parasites survive in the host, we cloned and expressed t. carassii glycoprotein 63 (tcagp63), and generated a rabbit polyclonal antibody to the recombinant protein (rtcagp63). tcagp63 was similar to gp63 of other trypanosomes and grouped with trypanosoma cruzi and trypanosoma brucei gp63 in phylogenetic analysis. we showed that rtcagp63 down- ...201222584131
[phylogenetic relationships of silver crucian carp in carassius auratus complex based on mtdna analysis].the phylogenetic relationships of carassius genus subspecies were investigated based on the data of the variability of nucleotide sequences of the mtdna cytochrome b (cyt b) and control region (cr). dendrograms constructed based on the ba, ml, nj, and mp methods revealed five clusters of the congruent topologies that substantially corresponded to geographical localities and taxonomic conception of the c. auratus complex. an analysis of two mtdna fragment topologies demonstrated that the island f ...201223516900
sensorimotor mapping and oropharyngeal reflexes in goldfish, carassius auratus.the vagal lobe of goldfish and some carps is a laminated, specialized lobe of the midmedulla containing both primary sensory terminals and primary motor neurons. both the sensory and motor components are represented in the lobe in a matching, orotopic fashion, i.e. the oral cavity is mapped across the surface of the lobe. anatomical tracing studies reveal that the circuitry exists for a point-to-point reflex system in which the superficial sensory layers are mapped directly onto the underlying m ...20123334903
microbial diversity and potential pathogens in ornamental fish aquarium water.ornamental fishes are among the most popular and fastest growing categories of pets in the united states (u.s.). the global scope and scale of the ornamental fish trade and growing popularity of pet fish in the u.s. are strong indicators of the myriad economic and social benefits the pet industry provides. relatively little is known about the microbial communities associated with these ornamental fishes or the aquarium water in which they are transported and housed. using conventional molecular ...201222970112
identification and molecular characterization of the interleukin-10 receptor 1 of the zebrafish (danio rerio) and the goldfish (carassius auratus l.).this is the first report of the identification and molecular characterization of an interleukin-10 receptor 1 in bony fish. by gene synteny analysis, we identified the zebrafish interleukin-10 receptor 1 (il10r1) and using this il10r1 sequence, we cloned the goldfish il10r1 cdna transcript. the identified fish il10r1 protein sequences had a putative jak1 binding site, only one of the two stat3 binding sites, that are present in all other vertebrates il10r1 proteins as well as c-terminal serine r ...201221906622
[antagonism between lsd and 5-ht on the motor initiative of the fish (carassius auratus)]. 201213342212
effects of x-irradiation of a part of the body on the mortality rate and on histological changes in the goldfish, carassius auratus. 20125719669
effect of intraperitoneal injection of curcumin on food intake in a goldfish model.although spice compounds have several pharmacological and biochemical actions such as antioxidant activity, their physiological effects on neuropeptides related to feeding regulation are not well known. the aim of the present study was to identify the pharmacological activities of spice compounds on appetite regulation using a goldfish (carassius auratus) model with emphasis on the role of neuropeptides. the spice compounds used in this study were curcumin, piperine, and ursolic acid. goldfish w ...201120514526
effects of montmorillonite on alleviating dietary cd-induced oxidative damage in carp (carassius auratus).the present study was designed to investigate the effects of montmorillonite (mmt) on dietary cd-induced oxidative damage in liver and kidney of carp (carassius auratus). one hundred eighty carp were randomly divided into four groups and fed with a basal diet, a basal diet supplemented with 0.5% mmt, cd-comtaminated basal diet (120 mg cd/kg dry weight) and cd-contaminated basal diet supplemented with 0.5% mmt, respectively. after 60 days, fish were sacrificed to measure malondialdehyde (mda) con ...201120532670
immunohistochemical and immunochemical characterization of the distribution of leptin-like proteins in the gastroenteric tract of two teleosts (dicentrarchus labrax and carassius auratus l.) with different feeding habits.leptin is a modulator of food intake and energy homeostasis both in mammals and in some species of nonmammals vertebrates. in this study, we reported for the first time, using an immunohistochemical and immunochemical approach, the presence and distribution of immunoreactivity to leptin-like protein in the gastroenteric tract of dicentrarchus labrax (bass) and carassius auratus (goldfish), two teleostean species with different feeding and different adaptative morphological organization of the ga ...201120945462
respiratory responses to hypoxia or hypercapnia in goldfish (carassius auratus) experiencing gill remodelling.the presence of an interlamellar cell mass (ilcm) on the gills of goldfish significantly decreases the functional lamellar surface area and increases the diffusion distance for gas transfer and thus may impose a serious challenge for the transfer of respiratory gases (o₂ and co₂). here we tested the hypothesis that the presence of the ilcm in goldfish acclimated to 7°c impedes the uptake of o2 and excretion of co₂. while pa(o₂) remained unaltered, the baseline values of pa(co)₂ were significantl ...201120934539
[distribution and cytogenetic features of triploid male goldfish from azov basin].when studying uni-bisexual goldfish (carassius auratus gibelio) populations in the azov basin in 1995-2000, we found triploid males, which constituted 2.5%, on average, of the total numbers of studied samples. the areas of nuclei of erythrocytes of triploid males were, on average, 1.35 times those in diploid males. at the same optical density of dna, the sizes of mature spermatozoon heads in triploid males were, on average, 1.8 times smaller than in diploid males, as follows from the data obtain ...201115552577
in vitro and in vivo antiparasitic activity of azadirachtin against argulus spp. in carassius auratus (linn. 1758).argulus is one of the most common and predominant ectoparasites which cause serious parasitic disease and is a potent carrier of viruses and bacteria in the ornamental fish industry. in recent years, organic (herbs)-based medicines are widely used to cure the disease, and neem (sarbaroganibarini) medicine is very popular and effective throughout the world. the present study was conducted to find the effects of azadirachtin against argulus spp. on carassius auratus under in vitro and in vivo cond ...201122042504
characterization of granulocyte colony stimulating factor receptor of the goldfish (carassius auratus l.).granulocyte colony stimulating factor receptor (gcsfr) is a member of the class i cytokine receptor superfamily and signaling through this receptor is important for the proliferation, differentiation and activation of neutrophils and their precursors. in this study we report on the cloning and molecular characterization of goldfish gcsfr. the identified goldfish gcsfr sequence possesses the conserved ig-like domain, the cytokine receptor homology domain (crh), three fibronectin domains as well a ...201121801744
molecular characterization of mhc class i and beta-2 microglobulin in a clonal strain of ginbuna crucian carp, carassius auratus langsdorfii.clonal ginbuna crucian carp is, a naturally gynogenetic fish, and is a useful model animal for studying t-cell-mediated immunity. to gain molecular information on mhc class i molecules from this species, we have identified four types of mhc class i (caauua-s3n, caauuf-s3n, caauze-s3n, and caauzb-s3n) and five beta 2-microglobulin (+¦(2)m) (caau+¦2m-1a, caau+¦2m-1b, caau+¦2m-2, caau+¦2m-3a and caau+¦2m-3b) by an expressed sequence tag (est) analysis and using homology cloning with degenerated pri ...201121689760
influence of the diet on the microbial diversity of faecal and gastrointestinal contents in gilthead sea bream (sparus aurata) and intestinal contents in goldfish (carassius auratus).fish intestinal microbiota changes with the diet and this effect is of particular interest considering the increasing substitution of fish meal by plant protein sources. the objective of this work was to study the effects of partial substitution of fish meal with lupin and rapeseed meals on gut microbiota of the gilthead sea bream (sparus aurata) and in goldfish (carassius auratus). faecal, gastrointestinal and intestinal contents were characterized using culture-based and molecular methods. vib ...201121692817
transmission of cyprinid herpesvirus-3 (cyhv-3) from goldfish to naïve common carp by cohabitation.cyprinid herpesvirus-3 (cyhv-3) has spread worldwide and has had a major impact on koi and common carp production. previous studies on the host range of the cyhv-3 found that fish species other than koi and common carp are fully resistant to natural virus exposure. recently, cyhv-3 was detected in goldfish (carassius auratus auratus) that were in contact with cyhv-3 infected koi. in the present study, a specific rt-pcr product was amplified from the viral thymidine kinase gene in gills, intestin ...201120723951
effects of enrofloxacin on cytochromes p4501a and p4503a in carassius auratus gibelio (crucian carp).hu, x., li, x.-c., sun, b.-b., fang, w.-h., zhou, s., hu, l.-l., zhou, j.-f. effects of enrofloxacin on cytochromes p4501a and p4503a in carassius auratus gibelio (crucian carp). j. vet. pharmacol. therap. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2011.01318.x. currently, although enrofloxacin (ef) as a widely used veterinary medicine has begun to apply to treating fish bacterial infections, the researches on the effects of ef on their main drug metabolic enzymes are limited. to investigate the effects of ef on ...201121726236
application of ultrasound in vaccination against goldfish ulcer disease: a pilot study.antigenicity and immunogenicity of aeromonas salmonicida soluble a-layer protein (ap) and formalin-killed bacterin were assessed in goldfish (carassius auratus l.) by applying ultrasound-immersion (usi) and injection (inj) routes. no adjuvant was used in usi while ifa was used in inj. the usi treated fish did not produce detectable acquired antibodies; however, this group stimulated by ap proved to be best protected against challenge infection with a homologous virulent strain of a. salmonicida. ...201121211585
distribution and expression analysis of transcription factors in tissues and progenitor cell populations of the goldfish (carassius auratus l.) in response to growth factors and pathogens.we report on the mrna levels of a panel of transcription factors in the kidney and spleen tissues, and in the cell populations from the blood, the spleen, and in the sorted kidney progenitor cells. the mrna levels of cebpα, cjun, cmyb, egr1, gata1, gata2, gata3, lmo2, mafb, pax5, pu.1 and runx1 were assessed in healthy goldfish as well as in fish challenged with two different pathogens, aeromonas salmonicida a449 or trypanosoma carassii. spleen tissue from healthy goldfish showed higher expressi ...201121474183
supplementary studies on henneguya doneci schulman, 1962 (myxozoa: myxosporea) infecting the gill filaments of carassius auratus gibelio (bloch) in china: histologic, ultrastructural, and molecular data.henneguya doneci schulman, 1962 was collected from the gill filaments of carassius auratus gibelio (bloch) in hubei province, china. the plasmodia located on the surface of the gill arches deformed the neighboring gill filaments. the size of the plasmodia ranged from 0.6 to 4.5 mm in diameter in different months. the myxospores in the plasmodia measured 10.1 (9.2-11.5) μm long × 8.0 (7.5-8.5) μm wide × 7.5 (7-8) μm thick, with two equal capsules at 4.7 (4-5.5) μm long × 3.3 (2.5-4) μm wide, and ...201121989578
in vivo anthelmintic activity of chelidonine from chelidonium majus l. against dactylogyrus intermedius in carassius auratus.dactylogyrus intermedius is one of the most common and serious cause of parasitic diseases of freshwater fish in aquaculture, and can cause morbidity and high mortality in most species of freshwater fish worldwide. to attempt controlling this parasite and explore novel potential antiparasitic agents, the present study was designed to ascertain the anthelmintic activity of chelidonium majus l. whole plant and to isolate and characterize the active constituents against d. intermedius. the ethanol ...201121537985
Impact of silicon-based quantum dots on the antioxidative system in white muscle of Carassius auratus gibelio.Silicon-based quantum dots were intraperitoneally injected in individuals of Carassius auratus gibelio. Their effects on white muscle were investigated by following their distribution and impact on the antioxidative system. The GSH level significantly increased after 1 and 3 days of exposure by, respectively, 85.3 and 25.4%. Seven days later, GSH levels were similar to control concentrations. MDA concentration rose after three days by 46.9% and remained at the same level after 7 days. Protein th ...201122139144
establishment, characterization and viral susceptibility of a new cell line derived from goldfish, carassius auratus (l.), tail fin.a continuous cell line [goldfish tail fin (gftf)] derived from a goldfish tail fin, carassius auratus, was established and characterized. gftf cells predominantly consist of fibroblast-like cells that were maintained and subcultured more than 50 times over a period of 15 months. cells grew at temperatures between 15 and 37°c, with an optimum temperature of 25°c. the growth rate of gftf cells increased proportionally with the foetal bovine serum (fbs) concentration (5-20%), with optimum growth at ...201121916901
impairment of the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation system and oxidative stress in liver of crucian carp (carassius auratus l.) exposed to microcystins.hepatotoxic microcystins (mcs) are produced by cyanobacteria in diverse water bodies and the pathophysiology includes induction of reactive oxygen species and adenosine triphosphate (atp) depletion in cells. in this study, we evaluated mcs induced changes in the oxidative phosphorylation (oxphos) system in mitochondria of crucian carp liver. fish were subdivided into two groups that were intraperitoneally injected with two doses of mcs (50 and 200 mc-lreq μg/kg bw) and were sacrificed at 1, 3, 1 ...201121913302
conservation of characteristics and functions of cd4 positive lymphocytes in a teleost fish.the presence of helper and cytotoxic t cells in fish has been suggested, although t cell subsets have yet to be identified at the cellular level. in order to investigate the functions of cd4 and cd8a positive t cells we attempted to produce and characterize monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against teleost cd4 and cd8a. here we report the successful production of mabs against cd4 and cd8a in clonal ginbuna crucian carp carassius auratus langsdorfii and the function of cd4 positive t cells. in this st ...201121272597
assessment of environmental pollution of taihu lake by combining active biomonitoring and integrated biomarker response.goldfish (carassius auratus) bred in clean water were transferred into different stations in taihu lake for active biomonitoring exposures. the biotransformation enzymes 7-ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase (erod) and glutathione-s-transferase (gst), the antioxidant defense enzymes catalase (cat), reduced glutathione content (gsh), and lipoperoxidation (tbars) and metallothionein (mt) in liver were determined as biomarkers during the field exposure period. at the same time, the contents of polycyclic ...201121413737
inhibition of cyp450 1a and 3a by berberine in crucian carp carassius auratus gibelio.berberine has long been considered as an antibiotic candidate in aquaculture. however, studies regarding its effects on drug-metabolizing enzymes in fish are still limited. in the present study, the effects of berberine on cytochrome p4501a (cyp1a) and cyp3a in crucian carp were investigated. injection of different concentrations of berberine (0, 5, 25, 50, and 100mg/kg) inhibited the cyp1a mrna expression, thereby inhibiting further the catalytic activity of cyp1a-related ethoxyresorufin-o-deet ...201121802525
molecular characterization of growth differentiation factor 9 and its spatio-temporal expression pattern in gibel carp (carassius auratus gibelio).growth differentiation factor 9 (gdf9) is a member of the transforming growth factor ß (tgf-ß) superfamily with a key role in regulating follicle development. in this study, the gdf9 full-length genomic dna and cdna were isolated and characterized from the gibel carp ovary using rapid-amplification of cdna ends (race) and ld-pcr. the full-length genomic dna and cdna sequences of gdf9 are 3979 and 2044 bp which code 428 amino acid residues with a specific rkkr protease cleavage site of tgf-ß supe ...201121779806
in vivo anthelmintic activity of dryopteris crassirhizoma, kochia scoparia, and polygala tenuifolia against dactylogyrus intermedius (monogenea) in goldfish (carassius auratus).in order to find natural agents against dactylogyrus intermedius in goldfish, petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, acetone, and methanol extracts of three medicinal plants (dryopteris crassirhizoma, kochia scoparia, and polygala tenuifolia) were screened for antiparasitic properties using in vivo anthelmintic efficacy assay. among these extracts investigated, methanolic extract of d. crassirhizoma was observed the most effective with ec(50) value of 22.97-ámg-ál(-1) after 48-áh of exposur ...201121842381
cryopreservation of goldfish caudal fin explants using glycerol as a cryoprotecant.the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of glycerol on the cryopreservation fin explants of goldfish, carassius auratus. four different concentrations, 5, 10, 15, and 20% (v/v) of glycerol and a control were tested. these were prepared in dulbecco's modified eagle's medium with 20% (v/v) fetal bovine serum. attachment and outgrowing rates were monitored from day 3 to day 14. results showed that fin explants cryopreserved in 20% concentration of glycerol was significantly higher ...201121468454
analysis of the antimicrobial responses of primary phagocytes of the goldfish (carassius auratus l.) against mycobacterium marinum.the slow growth rate of mycobacterium spp. that infect humans coupled with a lack of reliable in vitro infection model systems has hindered the progress of research in host cell-mycobacteria interactions. recent studies have utilized the relatively fast growing mycobacterium marinum to examine the host-pathogen interface in natural fish hosts. here we describe the use of primary goldfish monocyte and mature macrophage cultures to investigate the immune cell-m. marinum interactions. live and heat ...201121530582
differential involvement of phosphoinositide 3-kinase in gonadotrophin-releasing hormone actions in gonadotrophs and somatotrophs of goldfish, carassius auratus.in goldfish, two endogenous gnrhs (salmon (s)gnrh and chicken (c)gnrh-ii) control maturational gonadotrophin-ii (lh) and gh secretion via ca(2+) -dependent intracellular signalling pathways. we investigated the involvement of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (pi3k) in gnrh-evoked lh and gh release and associated intracellular ca(2+) increases ([ca(2+) ](i) ) in goldfish gonadotrophs and somatotrophs. immunoreactive pi3k p85α, the predominant regulatory subunit for class ia pi3ks, was detected in goldfi ...201121649760
determination of polychlorinated biphenyls and total mercury in two fish species (esox lucius and carassius auratus) in anzali wetland, iran.the anzali wetland is one of the most important ecosystems in the north of iran, and parts of it were registered as a ramsar site in 1975. however, even though, due to many problems, including eutrophication produced by inflow of excess nutrients and organic materials, the wetland was also listed on the montreux record indicating the need to take urgent remedial action. this study was conducted to study the levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) and total mercury (thg) in two fish species (e ...201121713472
acute toxicity of manganese in goldfish carassius auratus is associated with oxidative stress and organ specific antioxidant responses.manganese is a relatively common, yet poorly studied element in freshwater ecosystems, where it can be significantly bioconcentrated. the knowledge about the mechanisms of mn toxicity on fish health is still limited. the aim of the present study was to assess the potential induction of oxidative stress and the antioxidant response after a 96h waterborne mn-exposure (at 0.1 and 1mm) in gill, kidney, liver and brain of goldfish (carassius auratus). mn 1mm induced an increase of lipid hydroperoxide ...201122154142
effect of trichlorfon on oxidative stress and hepatocyte apoptosis of carassius auratus gibelio in vivo.to investigate the effect of trichlorfon on oxidative stress and hepatocyte apoptosis of carassius auratus gibelio in vivo, the fish were exposed to 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 mg l(-1) trichlorfon concentrations for 30 days. at the end of the experiment, plasm antioxidant activities, hepatic total nitric oxide synthase (t-nos) activity, xanthine oxidase (xod) activity and hepatocyte apoptosis rate were analyzed. the results showed hepatic t-nos activities, xod activities and hepatocyte apoptosis r ...201121986809
the expression analysis of inflammatory and antimicrobial genes in the goldfish (carassius auratus l.) infected with trypanosoma carassii.we report results of a comprehensive analysis of inflammatory gene expression during the course of infection of trypanosoma carassii in the goldfish. we observed significant increases in mrna levels of genes encoding pro-inflammatory cytokines ifn-γ, tnfα1 and tnfα2; il-1β-1 and il-1β-2; il-12-p35 and il-12-p40; ccl1; cxcl8, anti-inflammatory cytokines il-10 and tgfβ and inos a and inos b, using quantitative pcr. expression levels and profiles of these cytokines and inos isoforms varied in the d ...201121782951
learning about non-predators and safe places: the forgotten elements of risk assessment.a fundamental prerequisite for prey to avoid being captured is the ability to distinguish dangerous stimuli such as predators and risky habitats from non-dangerous stimuli such as non-predators and safe locations. most research to date has focused on mechanisms allowing prey to learn to recognize risky stimuli. the paradox of learned predator recognition is that its remarkable efficiency leaves room for potentially costly mistakes if prey inadvertently learn to recognize non-predatory species as ...201121203793
[phylogenetic relationships of silver crucian carp carassius auratus gibelio, c. auratus cuvieri, crucian carp c. carassius, and common carp cyprinus carpio as inferred from mitochondrial dna variation].pcr-rflp analysis of the nd3/nd4l/nd4 and 12s/16s rrna regions and nucleotide sequence variation of the cytochrome b gene were used to study the mtdna divergence in species of the family cyprinidae, to examine the phylogenetic relationships of the species, and to identify their taxonomic status. the results indicated that an ancestral form diverged into silver crucian carp and crucian carp after its separation from the common carp lineage. the divergence of continental carassius auratus gibelio ...201121542306
two-dimensional receptive fields of midbrain lateral line units in the goldfish, carassius auratus.we determined the receptive fields of midbrain lateral line units in goldfish, carassius auratus, with a 50 hz vibrating sphere placed at various azimuths and elevations alongside the fish and studied how responses were affected by different directions of sphere vibration. the receptive fields of toral lateral line units, in contrast to those of primary afferent nerve fibers, did not represent the pressure gradient pattern generated by a vibrating sphere. thus, unlike primary afferents, single t ...201121505876
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