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screening medicinal plants for use against dactylogyrus intermedius (monogenea) infection in goldfish.abstract methanol extracts of 24 traditional medicinal plants with potential anthelmintic activity against dactylogyrus intermedius (monogenea) in goldfish carassius auratus were investigated. abrus cantoniensis, citrus medica, dioscorea collettii, and polygonum multiflorum exhibited 100% activity and were selected for further evaluation by applying five solvents (petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol, and water) for the extraction of the samples, followed by an in vivo bioassay. ...201425229482
identification and functional characterization of the goldfish (carassius auratus l.) high mobility group box 1 (hmgb1) chromatin-binding protein.we report on the identification and functional characterization of hmgb1 of the goldfish. quantitative analysis indicated the highest expression of goldfish hmgb1 in the brain, with lower mrna levels in spleen, intestine, kidney, gill and heart. hmgb1 was also differentially expressed in goldfish immune cell populations with highest mrna levels present in splenocytes and neutrophils. we generated and functionally characterized the recombinant hmgb1 (rghmgb1). the rghmgb1 primed the respiratory b ...201424406304
comparative analysis of differential gene expression in kidney tissues of moribund and surviving crucian carp (carassius auratus gibelio) in response to cyprinid herpesvirus 2 infection.cyprinid herpesvirus 2 (cyhv-2) has recently been associated with high mortality of cultured crucian carp (carassius auratus gibelio) in eastern china. in this study, we established a real-time pcr method to confirm viral infection of crucian carp and to quantify cyhv-2 particles obtained by sucrose gradient centrifugation from diseased fish. virus-free crucian carp were artificially infected with cyhv-2 using an injection method, which resulted in a dose-dependent death rate. in situ hybridizat ...201424585042
a loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for rapid detection of cyprinid herpesvirus 2 in gibel carp (carassius auratus gibelio).a rapid and sensitive loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assay for cyprinid herpesvirus 2 (cyhv-2) detection in gibel carp was developed. following cloning and sequencing of the putative dna helicase gene of cyhv-2 isolate from china, a set of four specific primers was designed based on the sequence. the mgcl2 concentration and the reaction temperature were optimized to 6 mm, 64°c, respectively. lamp products were detected by visual inspection of a color change due to addition of sybr ...201424574914
cyprinid herpesvirus-2 causing mass mortality in goldfish: applying electron microscopy to histological samples for diagnostic virology.in june 2013, a major fish kill of adult goldfish carassius auratus occurred in runnemede lake, new jersey, usa: an estimated 3000 to 5000 fish died within ~5 d. necropsy of 4 moribund fish revealed severely pale gills, and histopathology showed type i and ii fusion of the gills, diffuse necrosis of hematopoietic tissue in anterior and posterior kidney, and multifocal necrosis of the spleen. within necrotic areas, pyknosis and enlarged nuclei with marginalized chromatin were observed. cyprinid h ...201424492049
detection of koi herpesvirus (khv) in healthy cyprinid seed stock.koi herpesvirus (khv) disease is a lethal disease in common carp, an important food fish in asian countries, the seed of which is used in restocking programs for freshwater fishery management. we inspected apparently healthy seed stock of common carp cyprinus carpio l. and siberian crucian carp carassius auratus for the presence of khv using pcr-based diagnostic tests as a part of a stock enhancement program from 2009 to 2010 in korea. consequently, khv was detected from 24 of 232 inspections wi ...201425392040
investigating the interactions of cyprinid herpesvirus-3 with host proteins in goldfish carassius auratus. 201423998394
[prevalence of metacercariae of clonorchis sinensis in wild freshwater fishes from nenjiang river around qiqihaer city].from may to november 2013, a total of 1175 wild freshwater fishes were collected from the rivers of chuoer, yalu, wuyuer, alun, and yin in nenjiang river basin qiqihaer city, and examined for metacercariae by direct compression method. the metacercariae were collected by artificial digestion method. forty kunming mice were infected with 30-40 metacercariae of clonorchis sinensis. the mice were sacrificed 36 days after infection, and the adult worms were collected from bile duct, and observed und ...201425518594
susceptibility of japanese cyprininae fish species to cyprinid herpesvirus 2 (cyhv-2).cyprinid herpesvirus 2 (cyhv-2) is known as the causative agent of herpesviral haematopoietic necrosis (hvhn) of goldfish (carassius auratus). recently, the virus has also been detected from prussian carp (c. gibelio) and crucian carp (c. carassius) from european and asian countries. to analyze the risk of spreading to new host species, the susceptibility of other fish species to the virus is essential. in this study experimental infections of indigenous cyprininae species in japan were performe ...201424480585
prevalence of clonorchis sinensis infection in freshwater fishes in northeastern china.the prevalence of clonorchis sinensis infection in freshwater fishes was surveyed in heilongjiang province, northeastern china, between august 2011 and september 2013. thirteen species of freshwater fish (n=3221) and one species of shrimp (n=93) were collected from songhua river, nenjiang river and other lakes or ponds in 37 sites of 15 representative cities in heilongjiang province. they were individually examined by digestion technique, and the c. sinensis metacercariae were identified morphol ...201424880648
[5-hyroxytryptamine in the central nervous system of the gold- fish (carassius auratus)]. 20144177370
aquatic environmental safety assessment and inhibition mechanism of chemicals for targeting microcystis aeruginosa.cyanobacteria are a diverse group of gram-negative bacteria that produce an array of secondary compounds with selective bioactivity against vertebrates, invertebrates, fungi, bacteria and cell lines. recently the main methods of controlling cyanobacteria are using chemicals, medicinal plants and microorganism but fewer involved the safety research in hydrophytic ecosystems. in search of an environmentally safe compound, 53 chemicals were screened against the developed heavy cyanobacteria bloom m ...201425139029
effects of experimentally induced infections of goldfish carassius auratus with cyprinid herpesvirus 2 (cyhv-2) at various water temperatures.in this study, we examined the influence of water temperature on the development of herpesviral haematopoietic necrosis (hvhn) in goldfish carassius auratus after experimentally induced infection with cyprinid herpesvirus 2 (cyhv-2). in expt 1, ryukin goldfish were infected with cyhv-2 by intraperitoneal injection and maintained at 4 different water temperatures. cumulative mortalities of the 15, 20, 25 and 30°c groups were 10, 90, 90 and 60%, respectively. therefore, the temperature range of 20 ...201425114043
development of a rapid cyprinid herpesvirus 2 detection method by loop-mediated isothermal amplification.cyprinid herpesvirus 2 (cyhv2) is a pathogen that causes severe disease and high mortality in goldfish and prussian carp. we developed a six primer loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assay targeting the intercapsomeric triplex protein gene. cyhv-2 dna was 10-fold serially diluted (10(8)-10(0) copies μl(-1)) and was used as the template to determine primer sensitivity. lamp assays were performed with dna templates from other pathogens to determine specificity. the lamp assay had an une ...201424935791
histopathological characterization and fluorescence in situ hybridization of cyprinid herpesvirus 2 in cultured prussian carp, carassius auratus gibelio in china.cyprinid herpesvirus 2 (cyhv-2) is an emerging pathogen in the commercially exploited fish, prussian carp (carassius auratus gibelio), which has caused huge economic loss in china and appears to be spreading worldwide. in this article, cyhv-2 infection of prussian carp was confirmed for the first time by polymerase chain reaction (pcr), which gave positive results from the tissue samples dissected from moribund fish including kidney, spleen, liver, and gill. histological examination showed syste ...201424877901
[origin of transbranchial electric potential difference in the goldfish carassius auratus. importance of ca++ ion]. 20144217665
characterization of myeloid-specific peroxidase, keratin 8, and dual specificity phosphatase 1 as innate immune genes involved in the resistance of crucian carp (carassius auratus gibelio) to cyprinid herpesvirus 2 infection.myeloid-specific peroxidase (mpo), keratin 8 (krt-8), and dual specificity phosphatase 1 (dusp-1) are believed to play essential roles in innate immunity. through suppression subtractive hybridization (ssh) analysis, we previously identified mpo, krt-8, and dusp-1 as the three genes that were the most significantly upregulated in crucian carp (carassius auratus gibelio) that survived cyprinid herpesvirus 2 (cyhv-2) infection. here, we have further characterized these three genes and their respon ...201425312688
molecular cloning and expression analysis of immunoglobulin m heavy chain gene of blunt snout bream (megalobrama amblycephala).immunoglobulins (igs), which bind antigens with high specificity, are essential molecules in adaptive immune system of jawed vertebrates. in this study, cdna encoding the secreted form of the immunoglobulin heavy chain of igm (sigm) was cloned from the mesonephros of blunt snout bream (megalabrama amblycephala) using rt-pcr and rapid amplification of cdna ends (race). the full-length cdna of sigm heavy chain gene has 1961 nucleotides encoding a putative protein of 569 amino acids, constant regio ...201424979225
different expression profiles of interleukin 11 (il-11), intelectin (itln) and purine nucleoside phosphorylase 5a (pnp 5a) in crucian carp (carassius auratus gibelio) in response to cyprinid herpesvirus 2 and aeromonas hydrophila.interleukin 11 (il-11), intelectin (itln) and purine nucleoside phosphorylase 5a (pnp5a) play important roles in innate immunity. in a previous study to identify differentially expressed immune-related genes, suppression subtractive hybridization (ssh) assay was used to characterize differentially expressed genes in crucian carp (carassius auratus gibelio) infected with cyprinid herpesvirus 2 (cyhv-2) in which il-11, itln and pnp5a were identified to be the three most significantly up-regulated ...201424636855
protection of ornamental gold fish carassius auratus against aeromonas hydrophila by treating ixora coccinea active principles.herbals such as ixora coccinea, daemia extensa and tridax procumbens were selected to screen in vitro antibacterial and immunostimulant activity against the freshwater fish pathogen aeromonas hydrophila using different organic polar and non-polar solvents. initial screening results revealed that, ethyl acetate extracts and its purified fraction of i. coccinea was able to suppress the a. hydrophila strains at more than 15 mm of zone of inhibition and positive immunostimulant activity. the purifie ...201424380832
death induced by injection stress in cold-acclimated goldfish, carassius auratus. 20144147938
nickel inhibition of the osmotic-sensitive ionic cellular channels.the effects of nickel on cell volume regulation were studied in isolated proximal renal tubules from carassius auratus (goldfish). variations in cell volume were measured as changes in the external tubular diameters as a function of time of exposure to nicl2 (ni(ii] in both isotonic and hypotonic solutions. renal tubules were first incubated in isotonic fish ringer's solution (290 mosm) with and without 0.05, 0.10, 0.50, and 1.00 mmol/l ni(ii) for three minutes. after this period, the bath solut ...20142467601
behavioral discrimination of water motions caused by moving objects.we tested whether goldfish, carassius auratus, discriminate hydrodynamic stimuli caused by moving objects. blindfolded goldfish responded to a passing object with changes in inter-gill-movement intervals. to learn whether goldfish can discriminate water motions caused by different moving objects we habituated them to a certain object stimulus. if the stimulus was altered, e.g., by altering speed, direction of motion, or size or shape of the object, fish again showed a temporary suspension of bre ...201411288823
metabolic activity in optic tectum during regeneration of retina in adult goldfish.retinal and visual function returns following retinal destruction by ouabain in adult goldfish (carassius auratus). although the precise cellular mechanisms are unclear, the ability to regenerate cns neurons and connections that subsequently sustain visual behavior is remarkable, especially for an adult vertebrate. in this paper, we ask whether visual stimulation via new retinal cells can activate existing cells in the optic tectum, which normally receives the largest retinal projection in this ...201311829305
photic and circadian regulations of melatonin rhythms in fishes.photic and circadian regulations of melatonin rhythms in the pineal organ and the retina of several teleosts were studied to investigate the regulatory mechanisms of melatonin rhythms in fishes. in the eyecup preparations of the goldfish, carassius auratus, both time of day and lighting conditions affected melatonin production, with high melatonin production observed only in the dark-treated group incubated during the 'subjective' night. thus, in the goldfish retina, local photoreceptors and an ...20139500660
trh stimulates the release of pomc-derived peptides from goldfish melanotropes.the release of immunoreactive (ir) alpha-msh and ir acth from goldfish (carassius auratus) melanotropes was investigated using superfused isolated dispersed neurointermediate lobe cell columns. stimulation of neurointermediate lobe cell columns with pulses of trh evoked dose-dependent increases in the concomitant release of ir alpha-msh and ir acth. reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (rp-hplc) was used to characterize the alpha-msh and acth immunoreactivities released from a n ...20132555798
effect of ph on the accumulation kinetics of pentachlorophenol in goldfish.the kinetics of accumulation of pentachlorophenol (pcp) at various ph values were investigated to explore how ph-dependent accumulation might influence pcp toxicity. goldfish (carassius auratus) were exposed to 5 micrograms pcp/l in a static system buffered with 7.5 mm bicine or n,n-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-aminoethane sulfonic acid (bes) at ph 7.0, 8.0, or 9.0. the amount of pcp in the fish, concentration of pcp in water, and the total amount of metabolites in the system were measured after exposu ...20132353845
acute ethanol effects on cell volume regulation.in this work, the effects of ethanol on cellular osmoregulation were studied in isolated proximal renal tubules of carassius auratus (goldfish). in hypotonic solutions the tubule cells swell rapidly (osmometric phase) and subsequently shrink towards isotonic volumes (volume regulatory decrease phase, vrd). the osmometric phase depends on the water permeability of the cell membrane and the magnitude of the osmotic gradient. the vrd phase is complex and is a function of activation of osmotic trans ...20132344153
chromium-induced micronuclei in fish.an investigation of the cytogenetic effects of chromium (cr(vi) and cr(iii)) in prussian carp (carassius auratus gibelio) was made. for detecting cytogenetic damage, micronuclei induction in fish erythrocyte cells was employed. fish were investigated 100 m above and 400 m below the discharge of leather waste products into the river ljubljanica, and by exposing fish to three doses of chromium (cr(vi) and cr(iii)) in the laboratory. the exposure of fish to various concentration levels (sub-lethal) ...20137822681
nitric oxide donor stimulated increase of cyclic gmp in the goldfish retina.nitric oxide (no) activates soluble guanylyl cyclase (sgc) and the resulting increase in cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cgmp) is an important intracellular signalling pathway in the vertebrate retina. immunocytochemical detection of cgmp following exposure to no donors has proven an effective method of identifying cells that express sgc. while such an approach has proven useful for the study of several vertebrate retinas, it has not been applied to the well-characterized teleost retina. therefo ...201312020075
[effect of adrenaline on amylolytic activity of intestinal mucose, glycemia level, glycogen concentration in tissues of carp carassius auratus and carp carassius carassius]. 201312815969
[antimutagenic activity of serotoninergic system and its mechanisms in acipenser gueldenstaedti persicus and carassius auratus].the paper deals with antimutagenic body activity and its underlying mechanisms. the experiments carried out on the one-year old sturgeons (acipenser gueldenstaedti persicus) and goldfish (carassius auratus) have shown that intramuscular administration of serotoninmodulated anticonsolidation protein (smap) leads to a twofold decrease of erythrocyte mutagenic alterations (the micronuclear test, p < 0.01) caused by action of benthic deposits (0.8 ml/l, 3 days) polluted with industrial wastes. expos ...201318959209
effects of outboard motor exhaust emissions on goldfish (carassius auratus).goldfish (carassius auratus) were exposed to outboard exhaust products in water or to toluene (a constituent of outboard motor exhaust water) via a continuous flow bioassay dosing apparatus. various physiologic and pathologic changes were noted. in the blood a consistent decrease (p less than 0.05) in the partial pressure of oxygen, a significant increase (p less than 0.05) in the partial pressures of carbon dioxide, and significant decreases (p less than 0.05) in ph and oxygen saturation were f ...2013528841
[behavioral and ultrastructural study of the effect of colchicine application to mauthner neurons of the goldfish carassius auratus]. 2013716711
a yy male goldfish from mating estrone-induced xy female and normal male.a yy male of the goldfish, carassius auratus, was detected among offspring of an estrone-induced xy female mated with a normal xy male. there is convincing evidence of the reality of inversion of sex differentiation in the xy zygote by estrone as well as male heterogamety (hence, female homogamety) in the goldfish.20131141683
effects of epinephrine on the activity level and on the formation of learning of a maze in "carassius auratus". 20134470327
embryonic development of goldfish (carassius auratus): a model for the study of evolutionary change in developmental mechanisms by artificial selection.background: highly divergent morphology among the different goldfish strains (carassius auratus) may make it a suitable model for investigating how artificial selection has altered developmental mechanisms. here we describe the embryological development of the common goldfish (the single fin wakin), which retains the ancestral morphology of this species. results: we divided goldfish embryonic development into seven periods consisting of 34 stages, using previously reported developmental indices ...201323913853
hira is essential for the development of gibel carp.hira is one of the chaperones of histone h3.3. mutation of hira results in embryonic lethality in mice, suggesting a critical role in embryogenesis. however, hira-mutated drosophila may survive to adults, indicating that it is dispensable in drosophila development. the role of hira in fish development is unknown. in this study we first investigated the expression of hira during embryogenesis of gibel carp (carassius auratus gibelio) by whole-mount in situ hybridization. we found that hira signal ...201323912483
influence of isolation stress and inhibited protein biosynthesis on learning and memory in goldfish.goldfish, carassius auratus auratus l. (pisces, cyprinidae), were trained by different kinds of training procedures under the influence of cycloheximide or puromycin, two inhibitors of the protein biosynthesis. after active avoidance training in a shuttle box an apparent amnesia was found only when the fish were exposed to a one day lasting isolation stress prior to training. if the animals were accustomed to isolation over a period of 20 days the inhibitors did not affect memory formation. afte ...20133823175
effects of praziquantel and sanguinarine on expression of immune genes and susceptibility to aeromonas hydrophila in goldfish (carassius auratus) infected with dactylogyrus intermedius.praziquantel and sanguinarine have been demonstrated positive therapeutic effects on monogenean dactylogyrus intermedius; however, few studies have considered the post impacts of these antiparasitic chemicals on host after repelling the parasites. the changes of expression of selected immune genes (ccl-1, cxcl-8, il-1β-1, il-1β-2, tnfα-1, tnfα-2 and tgf-β) in gill, kidney and spleen and bacterial loads of aeromonas hydrophila in gill, kidney, spleen and liver following bath administration of the ...201323954698
effects of mannan oligosaccharide on the physiological responses, hsp70 gene expression and disease resistance of allogynogenetic crucian carp (carassius auratus gibelio) under aeromonas hydrophila infection.we evaluated the effect of dietary supplementation with mannan oligosaccharide (mos) on the resistance to aeromonas hydrophi1a infection in allogynogenetic crucian carp. the fish were randomly divided into five groups: a control group was fed with basal diet, and four treatment groups fed with basal diet supplemented with 60, 120, 240, 480 mg/kg mos for 10 weeks, respectively. we then challenged the fish with a. hydrophi1a and recorded the mortality and the changes in serum cortisol, t3, t4, lys ...201323481213
vaccination strategies to protect goldfish carassius auratus against aeromonas hydrophila infection.ornamental goldfish carassius auratus were treated with whole cell (wc), extracellular product (ecp), outer membrane protein (omp) and biofilm (bf) vaccines developed from the virulent aeromonas hydrophila (ahv1; genbank hq331525.1) with and without the immunoadjuvant asparagus racemosus. on various days post-vaccination (dpv), the treated fish were challenged with virulent a. hydrophila. these fish were monitored for survival, growth, specific bacterial reduction, and biochemical, haematologica ...201323670079
in vivo effect of dopamine antagonists on melanocyte-stimulating hormone cells of the goldfish (carassius auratus l.) pituitary.young goldfish were injected with three dopaminergic antagonists, pimozide, sulpiride, and domperidone, for 5 (low dose) and 7 days (higher dose). cytological and immunocytochemical techniques using anti-alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (msh) serum were applied to the pituitary. msh cells in the three treated groups showed a decrease in immunoreactive cytoplasmic granules, a significant nuclear hypertrophy, and, after 7 days, a cellular enlargement. the nucleolus and the lamellar endoplasmic ...20133666418
effect of coriolus versicolor polysaccharides on the hematological and biochemical parameters and protection against aeromonas hydrophila in allogynogenetic crucian carp (carassius auratus gibelio).the effect of dietary intake of coriolus versicolor polysaccharides (cvp) on the hematological and biochemical indices of allogynogenetic crucian carp (carassius auratus gibelio) was investigated. fish were fed cvp supplemented diets (0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 or 4.0 g cvp kg(-1)) for 56 days. the rbc, wbc counts, hemoglobin content, esr in blood and tp, alt, ast, alp, glu, cho, tg, and bun in serum were measured on day 0, 14, 28, 42, and 56. after feeding of 56 days, fish were infected with aeromo ...201322791194
development and validation of a real-time pcr assay for the detection of aeromonas salmonicida.a real-time pcr assay using a molecular beacon was developed and validated to detect the vapa (surface array protein) gene in the fish pathogen, aeromonas salmonicida. the assay had 100% analytical specificity and analytical sensitivities of 5 ± 0 fg (dna), 2.2 × 10(4) ± 1 × 10(4) cfu g(-1) (without enrichment) and 40 ± 10 cfu g(-1) (with enrichment) in kidney tissue. the assay was highly repeatable and proved to be robust following equivalency testing using a different real-time pcr platform. f ...201323121198
anopheles arabiensis egg treatment with dieldrin for sex separation leaves residues in male adult mosquitoes that can bioaccumulate in goldfish (carassius auratus auratus).the sterile insect technique (sit) is a biological control tactic that is used as a component of area-wide integrated pest management (aw-ipm) programs. the sit can only be applied against disease-transmitting mosquitoes when only sterile male mosquitoes are released, and the blood-sucking and potentially disease-transmitting females are eliminated from the production line. for anopheles arabiensis, a potent vector of malaria, a genetic sexing strain was developed whereby females can be eliminat ...201323983078
effect of orally administered azadirachtin on non-specific immune parameters of goldfish carassius auratus (linn. 1758) and resistance against aeromonas hydrophila.modulation of the immune responses using active bio-ingredients as a possible prophylaxis measure has been novel prospect for aquaculture. the present study evaluated the effects of azadirachtin ec 25% on non-specific immune responses in goldfish carassius auratus and resistance against pathogenic bacteria aeromonas hydrophila. the experimental trial for effects of azadirachtin on immuno-haematoloical parameters in goldfish was conducted by feeding the various levels of azadirachtin as control t ...201323261511
characterization of three nod-like receptors and their role in antimicrobial responses of goldfish (carassius auratus l.) macrophages to aeromonas salmonicida and mycobacterium marinum.the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain proteins nod1, nod2 and nlrx1 are cytoplasmic pathogen recognition receptors (prrs) of the nod-like receptor (nlr) family. in this report, goldfish nod1 (gfnod1), nod2 (gfnod2) and nlrx1 (gfnlrx1) genes were cloned and characterized. the full length of gfnod1, gfnod2 and gfnlrx1 were 3234bp, 3129bp and 4900bp, encoding 937, 982 and 1008 amino acids, respectively. the three nod-like receptors have a nacht domain and c-terminal leucine rich repeat (lrr ...201323194927
cyprinid herpesvirus 2 infection emerged in cultured gibel carp, carassius auratus gibelio in china.an epizootic with severe mortality has emerged in cultured gibel carp, carassius auratus gibelio, in china since 2009, and caused huge economic loss. the signs and epidemiology background of the disease were investigated. parasite examination, bacteria and virus isolation were carried out for pathogen isolation. the causative pathogen was obtained and identified as cyprinid herpesvirus 2 (cyhv-2) by experimental infection, electron microscopy, cell culture, pcr assay and sequence alignment, desi ...201323850442
in vivo anthelmintic effect of flavonol rhamnosides from dryopteris crassirhizoma against dactylogyrus intermedius in goldfish (carassius auratus).the purpose of the present study was to assess the anthelmintic property of plant-derived polyphenolic compounds extracted and isolated from dryopteris crassirhizoma against dactylogyrus intermedius in goldfish. the active ethyl acetate extract was loaded on an open silica gel column and eluted with chloroform-methanol. according to (1)h-nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr), (13)c-nmr, and mass spectral data, the structures of three purified compounds were identified as protocatechuic acid, sutchuen ...201324013342
growth of cyprinid herpesvirus 2 (cyhv-2) in cell culture and experimental infection of goldfish carassius auratus.herpesviral haematopoietic necrosis has caused great economic damage to goldfish carassius auratus aquaculture in japan. the existence of cyprinid herpesvirus 2 (cyhv-2), the causative agent, has also been reported from several other countries. to prevent spread to other areas, basic virological information such as viral kinetics in infected fish is essential. experimental infection trials using reliably prepared cyhv-2 for defining viral kinetics are difficult to carry out because successful an ...201323999703
adaptive immune response to edwardsiella tarda infection in ginbuna crucian carp, carassius auratus langsdorfii.edwardsiella tarda is an intracellular pathogen that causes edwardsiellosis in fish. although cell-mediated immunity and innate immunity play a major role in protection against intracellular bacterial infection in mammals, their importance in protecting fish against e. tarda infection remain unclear. in this study, we examined cell-mediated and humoral immune responses in ginbuna crucian carp (carassius auratus langsdorfii) after e. tarda infection. innate immunity was observed to be the princip ...201323489657
direct antibacterial activity of cd8+/cd4+ t-cells in ginbuna crucian carp, carassius auratus langsdorfii.cytotoxic t cells (ctls) constitute an important component of the specific effector mechanism in killing against microbial-infected or transformed cells. in addition to these activities, recent studies in mammals have suggested that ctls can exhibit direct antimicrobial activity. therefore, the present investigation was conducted to find out the microbicidal activity of cd8α(+) t cells of ginbuna crucian carp, carassius auratus langsdorfii. the cd8α(+) t cells from immunised ginbuna exhibited th ...201323089524
screening of plant extracts for anthelmintic activity against dactylogyrus intermedius (monogenea) in goldfish (carassius auratus).with the aim of finding natural anthelmintic agents against dactylogyrus intermedius (monogenea) in goldfish (carassius auratus), 26 plants were screened for antiparasitic properties using in vivo anthelmintic efficacy assay. the results showed that caesalpinia sappan, lysima chiachristinae, cuscuta chinensis, artemisia argyi, and eupatorium fortunei were found to have 100% anthelmintic efficacy at 125, 150, 225, 300, and 500 mg l(-1) after 48 h of exposure. crude extract of the five plants were ...201324005478
the toxicity of cadmium to three aquatic organisms (photobacterium phosphoreum, daphnia magna and carassius auratus) under different ph levels.this study investigated the effect of ph on cadmium toxicity to three aquatic organisms: photobacterium phosphoreum, daphnia magna and carassius auratus. the acute toxicity of cd(2+) to p. phosphoreum and d. magna at five ph values (5.0, 6.0, 7.0, 8.0, and 9.0) was assessed by calculating ec50 values. we determined that cd(2+) was least toxic under acidic conditions, and d. magna was more sensitive to the toxicity of cd than p. phosphoreum. to evaluate cd(2+)-induced hepatic oxidative stress in ...201323769002
dietary aloe vera components' effects on cholesterol lowering and estrogenic responses in juvenile goldfish, carassius auratus.aloes are now considered a very interesting source of bioactive compounds among which phytosterols should play a major role. the present study is an attempt to investigate the hypocholesterolemic activity of aloe vera associated with its impact on the reproductive status of juvenile goldfish. therefore, the short- and long-term effects of feeding supplementary diet containing aloe components (20 mg aloe/g diet; 2%) on plasma lipids, plasma vitellogenin, and hepatic estrogen receptor α/β1 mrna le ...201323135154
goldfish (carassius auratus l.) possess natural antibodies with trypanocidal activity towards trypanosoma carassii in vitro.natural infection of cyprinids, such as carp, with the extracellular protozoan parasite trypanosoma carassii can attain up to 100% prevalence and cause significant host morbidity and mortality, particularly in aquaculture settings. host recovery from t. carassii infection has been shown to be antibody (immunoglobulin m; igm)-mediated, conferring long-term immunity in recovered animals upon challenge. to assess the role of igm in parasite clearance in the goldfish, igm was purified by peg-6000 pr ...201323333358
[influence of copper ions on hematological and cytogenetic parameters of fresh-water fishes carassius auratus gibelio].influence of copper ions on white blood cells parameters in carassius auratus gibelio was investigated. changes in cytogenetic parameters and instability in erythrocytes and epithelial cells of gills were estimated in reply to influence of copper solutions. the frequency of epithelial gill cells at a stage of apoptosis was investigated. the opportunity to use the hematological parameters and cytogenetic instability set for xenobiotics effects in fishes was shown.201320480813
[effect of food deprivation on quantitative and time characteristics of feeding of goldfish carassius auratus in norm and under action of adrenaline].there was studied effect of intraperitoneally administered adrenaline (0.14 mg/kg) on volume and time characteristics of feeding (duration of single, grouped, and total nutrition) of goldfish carassius auratus (l.) previously maintained on normal and restricted (for 10 and 15 days) diet. the fish on restricted diet demonstrated the biphasic alimentary response to the adrenaline administration, similar with that in the normally fed fish: a decrease of volume, duration of the grouped and total fee ...201321938911
(1)h, (13)c, and (15)n resonance assignments of the second immunoglobulin domain of neurolin from carassius auratus.neurolin is a member of the superfamily of immunoglobulin-like cell surface receptors. it is essential during neuronal development in the model organism carassius auratus (goldfish) and involved in the guidance of the growing axon. among the five extracellular immunoglobulin (ig) domains, the second ig domain is crucial for axon pathfinding. in the present study, we report the nmr assignment and secondary structure prediction of the second ig domain of neurolin.201322446848
assessment of antibacterial properties and the active ingredient of plant extracts and its effect on the performance of crucian carp (carassius auratus gibelio var. e'erqisi, bloch).in this study, the antibacterial properties and active ingredient of plant extracts and its effect on the performance of crucian carp (carassius auratus gibelio var. e'erqisi, bloch) were assessed.201322903651
interaction of 17β-estradiol and ketoconazole on endocrine function in goldfish (carassius auratus).an understanding of the effects of toxic mixtures of endocrine disrupting chemicals (edcs) on aquatic organisms is challenging as these organisms are exposed to multiple classes of contaminants in their natural habitat. the aim of the present study was to evaluate the interactions of two classes of edcs, 17β-estradiol (e2) and ketoconazole (ktc), on endocrine function in male goldfish (carassius auratus), including vitellogenesis, metabolic capability and serum steroid synthesis. changes in vite ...201323434491
single and combined effects of estrone and 17β-estradiol on male goldfish.to assess the single and combined effects of estrone (e1) and 17β-estradiol (e2) on goldfish (carassius auratus).201323425800
effects of taurine on cadmium exposure in muscle, gill, and bone tissues of carassius auratus.this study was performed in order to investigate the effects of taurine on cadmium poisoning in muscle, gill, and bone tissues of wild goldfish. for this experiment, 80 wild goldfish were divided into four experimental groups: 0.3 mg/l of cadmium and 0 mg/l of taurine (group i), 0.3 mg/l of cadmium and 20 mg/kg of taurine (group ii), 0.3 mg/l of cadmium and 40 mg/l of taurine (group iii), and 0.3 mg/l of cadmium and 80 mg/l of taurine (group iv). the results were as follows: the cadmium concentr ...201323423777
feeding and swimming modulate iono-and-hormonal regulation differently in goldfish, carassius auratus and common carp, cyprinus carpio.feeding and swimming can influence ion balance in fish. therefore we investigated their impact on ionoregulation and its hormonal control in goldfish and common carp. as expected due to the osmorespiratory compromise, exhaustive swimming induced increases in gill na(+)/k(+) atpase (nka) activity in both species, resulting in stable levels of plasma ions. in contrast to our expectations, this only occurred in fed fish and feeding itself increased nka activity, especially in carp. fasting fish wer ...201323422918
renal accumulation and effects of intraperitoneal injection of extracted microcystins in omnivorous crucian carp (carassius auratus).an acute toxicological experiment was designed to characterize the sequence of renal ultrastructural changes with accumulated mcs in crucian carp injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with extracted microcystins (mainly mc-rr and -lr) at two doses, 50 and 200 μg mc-lreq. kg⁻¹ body weight. quantitative and qualitative determinations of mcs in the kidney were conducted by hplc and lc-ms, respectively. mc-rr content in kidney of crucian carp showed a time dose-dependent increase within 48 h post-inject ...201323608020
the effects of amphetamine injections on feeding behavior and the brain expression of orexin, cart, tyrosine hydroxylase (th) and thyrotropin releasing hormone (trh) in goldfish (carassius auratus).in this study, the effects of peripheral (intraperitoneal) injections of d-amphetamine on feeding behavior were assessed in goldfish. compared with the saline-injected group, amphetamine injections decreased food intake at doses ranging from 1 to 75 μg/g, but not 0.5 μg/g, but increased locomotor behavior, as indicated by the increased number of total feeding and non-feeding acts, at doses ranging from 2.5 to 25 μg/g. amphetamine at high doses inhibited both food intake (at 25, 50 and 75 μg/g) a ...201323229307
regulation of amino acid metabolism as a defensive strategy in the brain of three freshwater teleosts in response to high environmental ammonia exposure.many teleosts have evolved mechanisms to cope with ammonia toxicity in the brain when confronted with high environmental ammonia (hea). in the present study, the possible role of conversion of accumulated ammonia to glutamine and other free amino acids in the brain of three freshwater teleosts differing in their sensitivities to ammonia was investigated. the detoxification mode of ammonia in brain is suggested to be through amination of glutamate to glutamine by the coupled activities of glutama ...201323384996
ovine corticotropin-releasing hormone (ocrh) exerts an anxiogenic-like action in the goldfish, carassius auratus.corticotropin-releasing hormone (crh) is a member of the hypothalamic neuropeptide family that includes urocortins, urotensin i and sauvagine in vertebrates. crh and urocortin act as anorexigenic factors for satiety regulation in rodents. in a goldfish model, intracerebroventricular (icv) administration of ovine crh (ocrh) affects not only food intake, but also locomotor activity. however, there is no information regarding the psychophysiological roles of crh in goldfish. therefore, we investiga ...201323321398
oxidative stress biomarkers in freshwater fish carassius auratus exposed to decabromodiphenyl ether and ethane, or their mixture.decabromodiphenyl ether (bde-209) and its commercial alternative decabromodiphenyl ethane (dbdpe) are two structurally similar brominated flame retardants, with evidence of their ubiquitous existence in aquatic ecosystems. the present study was conducted to investigate the hepatic oxidative stress inducing potential of bde-209, dbdpe, and their mixture in carassius auratus after exposure to different doses (10, 50 and 100 mg/kg) for 7, 14 and 30 days. results showed that oxidative stress was evo ...201323839511
expressions of transcription factors in goldfish (carassius auratus l.) macrophages and their progenitors.the development of macrophages is a highly regulated process requiring coordination amongst transcription factors. the presence/absence, relative levels, antagonism, or synergy of all transcription factors involved is critical to directing lineage cell fate and differentiation. while relative levels of many key myeloid transcription factors have been determined in mammalian macrophage differentiation, a similar set of studies have yet to be conducted in a teleost system. in this study, we report ...201323748037
transient effects of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d) exposure on some metabolic and free radical processes in goldfish white muscle.this study aims to assess effects of 96 h goldfish exposure to 1, 10 and 100 mg/l of the herbicide, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d), on metabolic indices and free radical process markers in white muscle of a commercial fish, the goldfish carassius auratus l. most oxidative stress markers and antioxidant enzymes were not affected at 2,4-d fish treatment. 2,4-d fish exposure induced the elevated levels of total (by 46% and 40%) and reduced (by 77% and 73%) glutathione in muscles of goldfish ...201323806294
repeated exposure of goldfish (carassius auratus) to tricaine methanesulfonate (ms-222).goldfish that have been repeatedly exposed to tricaine methanesulfonate (ms-222) require greater concentration of the drug to attain equivalent planes of anesthesia, but the mechanism for this increased anesthetic need is unknown. minimum anesthetic concentration (mac) is a commonly used method with which to compare anesthetics. it was hypothesized that fish exposed to ms-222 daily would have an increased mac. it was also hypothesized that fish exposed daily to ms-222 would develop histomorpholo ...201323805553
a novel neuropeptide in suppressing luteinizing hormone release in goldfish, carassius auratus.the fish reproductive axis is regulated by many neuroendocrine factors. however, factors involved in the suppression of this axis are largely uncharacterized. in this study, we describe a novel neuropeptide derived from the spexin precursor acting as a negative factor to suppress the reproductive axis in teleost. the cdna sequences of the spexin precursors have been cloned from both zebrafish and goldfish. a 14-aa mature peptide with the c-terminal amidated (spexin-14a: nwtpqamlylkgtq-nh2) is co ...201323623870
molecular characterization of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (ahr) pathway in goldfish (carassius auratus) exposure to tcdd: the mrna and protein levels.in bony fish or other aquatic vertebrates, the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (ahr) signaling pathway is initiated by exposure to polycyclic (or/and halogenated) aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs, such as 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, tcdd), which subsequently induces the up-regulated expression of a series of related genes (such as cytochrome p4501a (cyp1a)). however, a lack of applicable protein reagents hinders our further understanding of the ahr signaling pathway, which focuses only on gene-bas ...201323727285
regulation of the two kiss promoters in goldfish (carassius auratus) by estrogen via different erα pathways.kisspeptin stimulates the synthesis and release of gonadotropin via controlling the secretion of gonadotropin releasing hormone in vertebrates. it also mediates the positive or negative feedback regulation of sex steroids on the hypothalamus-gonadotropic axis. in contrast to mammals, two paralogous genes of kisspeptin (kiss1 and kiss2) have been identified in several teleosts, implying the multiplicity of their physiological functions. in the present study, we cloned the promoters of kiss1 and k ...201323701825
oxidative stress and dna damage induced by chromium in liver and kidney of goldfish, carassius auratus.chromium (cr) is an abundant element in the earth's crust. it exhibits various oxidation states, from divalent to hexavalent forms. cr has diverse applications in various industrial processes and inadequate treatment of the industrial effluents leads to the contamination of the surrounding water resources. hexavalent chromium (cr (vi)) is the most toxic form, and its toxicity has been associated with oxidative stress. the present study was designed to investigate the toxic potential of cr (vi) i ...201323700361
biological response of high-back crucian carp (carassius auratus) during different life stages to wastewater treatment plant effluent.this study presents the adverse effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals (edcs) in effluent of wastewater treatment plants (wwtps) on fish health. a study of chronic exposure to wwtps effluent for 10 months was undertaken in high-back crucian carp (carassius auratus) during different life stages, covering early-life-stage (els), prespawning period, and postspawning period. condition factor (cf), gonadosomatic index (gsi), hepatosomatic index (hsi), and plasma vitellogenin (vtg) levels were empl ...201323695857
exposure to monocrotophos pesticide causes disruption of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis in adult male goldfish (carassius auratus).the thyroid hormones (ths) 3,3',5-triiodo-l-thyronine (t3) and l-thyroxine (t4) exert a wide range of biological effects on physiological processes of fish. to elucidate the thyroid disruption effects of monocrotophos (mcp), an organophosphate pesticide, on male goldfish (carassius auratus), thyroid follicle histology, plasma total t3 (tt3), total t4 (tt4), free t3 (ft3) and free t4 levels, and the mrna expression of indices involved in the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis (hpt axis) were exa ...201323948368
comparative antioxidant responses in liver of carassius auratus exposed to phthalates: an integrated biomarker approach.phthalates (paes) are chemical agents typically used as plasticizers in numerous industrial products. they have become ubiquitous contaminants due to their tendency to release into the environment. the present study was conducted to investigate the comparative antioxidant responses in liver of freshwater goldfish carassius auratus injected intraperitoneally with 17 different paes at a concentration of 10 mg/kg for 10 days. the results indicated that these paes can adversely affect the antioxidan ...201323938764
bis(o-methylserotonin)-containing iridium(iii) and ruthenium(ii) complexes as new cellular imaging dyes: synthesis, applications, and photophysical and computational studies.we report the synthesis, characterization, and scope of a new versatile emissive molecular probe functionalized with a 1,10-phenanthroline moiety containing methylserotonin groups as binding sites for metal ion recognition. the synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of the in vitro imaging capability of the iridium(iii) and ruthenium(ii) complexes [ir(ppy)2(n-n)](+) and [ru(bpy)2(n-n)](2+), in which ppy is 2-phenylpyridine, bpy is 2,2'-bipyridine, and n-n is a 1,10-phenanthroline ligand fun ...201323793143
biomagnification of ddt and its metabolites in four fish species of a tropical lake.the concentrations and biomagnifications of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (ddt) and its metabolites were examined in four fish species (clarias gariepinus, oreochromis niloticus, tilapia zillii, and carassius auratus) from lake ziway, rift valley, ethiopia. paired stomach content analysis, and stable isotope ratio of nitrogen (δ(15)n, ‰) and carbon (δ(13)c, ‰) were used to study the trophic position of the fish species in the lake. 4,4'-dde, 4,4'-ddt and 4,4'-ddd were the main ddts identified ...201323790590
mortality due to viral nervous necrosis in zebrafish danio rerio and goldfish carassius auratus.heavy mortality was observed in an experimental lot of 2 ornamental fish species, zebrafish danio rerio (f. hamilton, 1822) and goldfish carassius auratus (linnaeus, 1758). the fishes showed typical symptoms of viral nervous necrosis before death. gross morphological examination revealed no visible lesions except in the brain, visible as a creamy opaque patch through the dorsal side of the head. parasitic and bacteriological analysis revealed no pathogenic agents. histopathological analysis reve ...201323759563
use of propofol as an anesthetic and its efficacy on some hematological values of ornamental fish carassius auratus.the aim of this study was to determine the level of anesthesia attained in carassius auratus using a propofol bath administration and using values of haematological profile of blood and examinations, to assess the effects of the fish exposure to that anaesthetic. acute toxicity values of propofol for gold fish were found 96 h lc50 6.353 mg/l, 96 h lc1 2.966 mg/l and 96 h lc99 13.609 mg/l. time to induce anesthesia in propofol experiment was significantly higher than clove oil (p < 0.05), but the ...201323539492
origin of chinese goldfish and sequential loss of genetic diversity accompanies new breeds.goldfish, carassius auratus, have experienced strong anthropogenic selection during their evolutionary history, generating a tremendous extent of morphological variation relative to that in native carassius. to locate the geographic origin of goldfish, we analyzed nucleotide sequences from part of the control region (cr) and the entire cytochrome b (cytb) mitochondrial dna genes for 234 goldfish and a large series of native specimens. four important morphological characteristics used in goldfish ...201323527220
intestinal microbiota of gibel carp (carassius auratus gibelio) and its origin as revealed by 454 pyrosequencing.the intestinal microbiota has received increasing attention, as it influences growth, feed conversion, epithelial development, immunity as well as the intrusion of pathogenic microorganisms in the intestinal tract. in this study, pyrosequencing was used to explore the bacterial community of the intestine in gibel carp (carassius auratus gibelio), and the origin of these microorganisms. the results disclosed great bacterial diversities in the carp intestines and cultured environments. the gibel c ...201323515964
the long-term effect of serotonin on the thermoregulatory behavior in juvenile cyprinidae (cyprinus carpio and carassius auratus).the effect of serotonin after intracerebroventricular (icv) injections in dosage of 0.3 and 0.15 μg/g of the body weight on the thermoregulatory behavior in juvenile carp cyprinus carpio l. and goldfish carassius auratus (l.) has been studied in two experiments of 10- to 11-day duration. it has been found that icv injection of serotonin in dosage of 0.3 μg/g caused the initial decrease in preferred temperatures (pt) (2-3 days) followed by their further increase (4-8 days after the administration ...201323515758
health risk assessment for consumption of fish originating from ponds near dabaoshan mine, south china.mining effluents are a potential source of toxic metals in the surrounding aquatic ecosystem and pose a potential health risk to humans from fish consumption. the objective of this paper is to assess the impact of the long-term dabaoshan mining operation on heavy metal accumulation in different fish species. heavy metal accumulation (lead (pb), cadmium (cd), zinc (zn), and copper (cu)) in four tissues (liver, muscle, intestine, and gills) of five carp species (hypophthalmichthys molitrix, ctenop ...201323508535
dynamics of uptake and elimination of 17α-ethinylestradiol in male goldfish (carassius auratus).we used male goldfish (carassius auratus) as a model species to determine the uptake, elimination, and bioaccumulation of 17α-ethinylestradiol (ee2). goldfish were exposed to ee2 via two different routes: water (135ng/l±12.8 standard deviation) for 72h, and food (231ng/g±42 sd) for 120h. we observed a rapid uptake of ee2 in goldfish, reaching 8.4ng/g±1.2 dry weight (dw) after the first hour of exposure with an uptake rate coefficient (k1) of 45h(-1). the elimination rate coefficient (k2) was det ...201323500082
fish micronucleus assay to assess genotoxic potential of arsenic at its guideline exposure in aquatic environment.the exposure to arsenic, a potential genotoxic carcinogen in humans, via drinking water is a serious worldwide health hazard. the arsenic content of 10 μg l(-1) in drinking water, however, has been established as its guideline standard (maximum contaminant limit) that has been estimated to pose minimum risk to cancer. since micronucleus induction in the erythrocytes of fish is a sensitive indicator of genotoxic agents in water, the piscine micronucleus assay was used in the present experiment to ...201323494554
modulation of rh glycoproteins, ammonia excretion and na+ fluxes in three freshwater teleosts when exposed chronically to high environmental ammonia.we investigated relationships among branchial unidirectional na(+) fluxes, ammonia excretion, urea excretion, plasma ammonia, plasma cortisol, and gill transporter expression and function in three freshwater fish differing in their sensitivity to high environmental ammonia (hea). the highly ammonia-sensitive salmonid oncorhynchus mykiss (rainbow trout), the less ammonia-sensitive cyprinid cyprinus carpio (common carp) and the highly ammonia-resistant cyprinid carassius auratus (goldfish) were ex ...201323661781
relationship between brain and liver oxidative state and maximum lifespan potential of different fish species.the aim of the present study is to determine whether a relationship exists between the maximum lifespan potential (mlsp) of different fish species (squalius pyrenaicus, cyprinus carpio, carassius auratus, luciobarbus sclateri and oncorhynchus mykiss) and the oxidative state of brain and liver. for this purpose, the activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (sod), catalase, glutathione peroxidase (gpx), glutathione reductase (gr), glutathione s-transferase (gst) and dt-diaphorase ( ...201323618756
effectiveness of fisk, an invasiveness screening tool for non-native freshwater fishes, to perform risk identification assessments in the iberian peninsula.risk assessments are crucial for identifying and mitigating impacts from biological invasions. the fish invasiveness scoring kit (fisk) is a risk identification (screening) tool for freshwater fishes consisting of two subject areas: biogeography/history and biology/ecology. according to the outcomes, species can be classified under particular risk categories. the aim of this study was to apply fisk to the iberian peninsula, a mediterranean climate region highly important for freshwater fish cons ...201323614530
dna methylation analysis of allotetraploid hybrids of red crucian carp (carassius auratus red var.) and common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).hybridization and polyploidization may lead to divergence in adaptation and boost speciation in angiosperms and some lower animals. epigenetic change plays a significant role in the formation and adaptation of polyploidy. studies of the effects of methylation on genomic recombination and gene expression in allopolyploid plants have achieved good progress. however, relevant advances in polyploid animals have been relatively slower. in the present study, we used the bisexual, fertile, genetically ...201323457564
optimal foraging of little egrets and their prey in a foraging game in a patchy environment.we explored the behavioral game between a predator, the little egret (egretta garzetta), and a prey, the common goldfish (carassius auratus), in a laboratory theater containing three fish pools. we tested the hypotheses that the egrets maximize their total capture success by responding to the fish's antipredatory behavior and that the behaviors of both players respond adaptively to the density distribution of fish among the pools. one experiment presented egrets with 15 fish per pool. the second ...201323448887
regulation of nodularin-induced apoptosis by epigallocatechin-3-gallate on fish lymphocytes in vitro.nodularin is one of the most conspicuous and widespread pollutants that elicit water ecological hazards to fish, causing serious damage on the immune system and physiological functions. nodularin can cause oxidative stress-induced apoptosis on fish lymphocytes. the regulatory effects of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (egcg) at 10, 100, and 1000 μg/l levels on the antioxidant defense system and apoptosis of carassius auratus lymphocytes exposed to a high dose of nodularin (100 μg/l) were quantified i ...201323403155
secretory expression and characterization of the recombinant myofibril-bound serine proteinase of crucian carp (carassius auratus) in pichia pastoris.the myofibril-bound serine proteinase (mbsp) is effective in the degradation of myofibrillar proteins, including myosin heavy chain (mhc), α-actinin, actin, and tropomyosin and was thus regarded as an important proteinase responsible for the metabolism of fish muscle in vivo. in order to better understand the characteristic differences between native mbsp and recombinant mbsp (rmbsp) and to obtain large quantity of mbsp for its application in protein science study, the crucian carp mbsp gene was ...201323313743
the expression of alkaline phosphatase, osteopontin, osteocalcin, and chondroitin sulfate during pectoral fin regeneration in carassius auratus gibelio: a combined histochemical and immunohistochemical study.dermal bone is an important component of the teleost fins, and its ability to regenerate after fin amputation appears to be unlimited. the organic bone matrix contain type i collagen fibers, proteoglycans enriched in chondroitin sulfate, and noncollagenous matrix protein such as osteocalcin, osteopontin, and osteonectin. these molecules are synthesized by fin osteoblasts. inorganic components chiefly consist of calcium and phosphate that form crystals of hydroxyapatite. fin rays are described as ...201323302437
effects of copper exposure on the hatching status and antioxidant defense at different developmental stages of embryos and larvae of goldfish carassius auratus.this study aims to assess the effects of copper exposure on hatching status and antioxidant defense at different stages of embryos and larvae of goldfish carassius auratus. in this study, day-old embryos were randomly grouped after fertilization and then exposed to copper concentrations of 0, 0.1, 0.4, 0.7, and 1.0mgl(-1). copper-exposed fish embryos were sampled every 24h to determine superoxide dismutase (sod), and catalase (cat) activities, as well as malondialdehyde (mda) content. in additio ...201323623536
effect of ambient temperature increase on intestinal mucosa amylolytic activity in freshwater fish.the relationship between the level of the intestinal mucosa amylolytic activity (aa) of juvenile goldfish carassius auratus, carp cyprinus carpio, roach rutilus rutilus and perch perca fluviatilis and the rate of water temperature increase was studied. increase in water heating rate significantly influences aa and the level of upper lethal temperatures defined by critical thermal maximum (ctm) during different seasons. at a low rate of water temperature increase, 0.04 °c/h, aa and the level of c ...201323619779
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