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orexins and receptor ox2r in the gastroenteric apparatus of two teleostean species: dicentrarchus labrax and carassius auratus.orexin a and b peptides and the receptor ox2r were studied in sea bass and goldfish gastroenteric tract by immunoblotting combined with densitometric analysis using nih image j software and immunohistochemical techniques. these teleost species present a different gut organization and diverse feeding habits. immunoblotting experiments showed one band of 16 kda corresponding to prepro-orexin, and one band of 38 kda corresponding to the ox2r receptor. immunohistochemical localization of oxa and oxb ...201627223125
functional characterization of apoptosis-associated speck-like protein (asc) of the goldfish (carassius auratus l.).quantitative expression analysis of goldfish asc indicated the highest and lowest mrna levels in spleen and muscle, respectively. the asc was differentially expressed in normal goldfish tissues and different immune cell populations. the highest asc mrna levels were observed in the spleen and macrophages. we generated a recombinant form of the molecule (rgfasc) and an anti-asc igg antibody, and report that treatment of goldfish macrophages with nigericin, an inducer of inflammasome pathway, up-re ...201627451255
the oxidative stress in the liver of carassius auratus exposed to acesulfame and its uv irradiance products.acesulfame (ace) is listed as an emerging contaminant due to its environmental persistence and wide occurrence in the environment. ace can be degraded partially in the regular uv disinfection process but the eco-toxicity of its irradiation products remains unclear. this study focused on the possible oxidative status change in the liver of carassius auratus exposed to ace and its irradiation products. the uv degradation of ace follows pseudo-first-order kinetics, and eight irradiation products we ...201627443459
cobalt chloride treatment used to ablate the lateral line system also impairs the olfactory system in three freshwater fishes.fishes use multimodal signals during both inter- and intra-sexual displays to convey information about their sex, reproductive state, and social status. these complex behavioral displays can include visual, auditory, olfactory, tactile, and hydrodynamic signals, and the relative role of each sensory channel in these complex multi-sensory interactions is a common focus of neuroethology. the mechanosensory lateral line system of fishes detects near-body water movements and is implicated in a varie ...201627416112
checklists of parasites of farm fishes of babylon province, iraq.literature reviews of all references concerning the parasitic fauna of fishes in fish farms of babylon province, middle of iraq, showed that a total of 92 valid parasite species are so far known from the common carp (cyprinus carpio), the grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella), and the silver carp (hypophthalmichthys molitrix) as well as from three freshwater fish species (carassius auratus, liza abu, and heteropneustes fossilis) which were found in some fish farms of the same province. the parasi ...201627559480
mechanosensory lateral line nerve projections to auditory neurons in the dorsal descending octaval nucleus in the goldfish, carassius auratus.the nucleus medialis is the main first-order target of the mechanosensory lateral line (ll) system. this report definitively demonstrates that mechanosensory ll inputs also terminate in the ipsilateral dorsal portion of the descending octaval nucleus (ddo) in the goldfish. the ddo, which is the main first-order auditory nucleus in bony fishes, includes neurons that receive direct input from the otolithic end organs of the inner ear and project to the auditory midbrain. there are two groups of su ...201627532270
kidney activity increases in copper exposed goldfish (carassius auratus auratus).in the present study, the effect of copper was examined in the common goldfish (carassius auratus auratus). fish were fasted and exposed to either a high (0.84μm), a low (0.34μm) or a control copper concentration (0.05μm) for 1 and 7days. swimming performance was not affected by either fasting or copper exposure. food deprivation alone had no effect on ionoregulation, but low plasma osmolality levels and plasma na(+) were noticed in fasted fish exposed to cu for 7days. both gill na(+)/k(+)-atpas ...201627521798
acute ammonia toxicity in crucian carp carassius auratus and effects of taurine on hyperammonemia.the four experimental groups were carried out to test the response of crucian carp carassius auratus to ammonia toxicity and taurine: group 1 was injected with nacl, group 2 was injected with ammonium acetate, group 3 was injected with ammonium acetate and taurine, and group 4 was injected with taurine. fish in group 2 had the highest ammonia and glutamine contents, and the lowest glutamate content in liver and brain. serum superoxide dismutase (sod), glutathione (gsh) activities, red cell count ...201627510860
in silico prediction and in vivo analysis of antiestrogenic potential of 2-isopropylthioxanthone (2-itx) in juvenile goldfish (carassius auratus).previous studies have shown both anti-estrogenic and anti-androgenic activities of 2-isopropylthioxanthone (2-itx), a well known food contaminant, in in vitro assays. however, no data are available on the anti-estrogenic potentials and risks of 2-itx in aquatic organisms. this work evaluated the potential endocrine disrupting effects of 2-itx at the level of estrogen receptor (er) signaling cascade using juvenile goldfish (carassius auratus) as model. firstly, we investigated the ligand binding ...201627454205
single and combined effects of aluminum (al2o3) and zinc (zno) oxide nanoparticles in a freshwater fish, carassius auratus.the increasing use of nanoparticles (nps) worldwide has raised some concerns about their impact on the environment. the aim of the study was to assess the toxicity of metal oxide nanoparticles, singly or combined, in a freshwater fish (carassius auratus). the fish were exposed for 7, 14, and 21 days to different concentrations of nps (10 μg al2o3.l(-1), 10 μg zno.l(-1), 10 μg al2o3.l(-1) plus 10 μg zno.l(-1), 100 μg al2o3.l(-1), 100 μg zno.l(-1), and 100 μg al2o3.l(-1) plus 100 μg zno.l(-1)). at ...201627787704
small and large number discrimination in goldfish (carassius auratus) with extensive training.previous studies on relative quantity discrimination in birds and mammals with training procedures have employed hundreds or thousands of trials whereas studies with fish typically use dozens of trials. the goal of this study was to examine whether more extensive training improves the performance of fish tested on stimuli in the small (<4) and large (>4) number range. goldfish were trained with dot array stimuli using the ratio 0.5 (2 vs. 4, 6 vs. 12) across two blocks of training sessions with ...201627890598
morphological and molecular characterisation of myxobolus pronini n. sp. (myxozoa: myxobolidae) from the abdominal cavity and visceral serous membranes of the gibel carp carassius auratus gibelio (bloch) in russia and china.myxozoa is a well-known economically and ecologically important group of metazoan parasites, phylogenetically related to cnidaria. high diversity of myxosporeans has been recorded in russia and china; however, most of the species were solely morphologically characterised. here, we identified a new gibel carp-infecting myxobolus species and morphologically and molecularly compared the russian and chinese isolates of this new myxosporean.201627782848
refuse leachate exposure causes changes of thyroid hormone level and related gene expression in female goldfish (carassius auratus).to elucidate the potential thyroid disrupting effects of refuse leachate on females, female goldfish (carassius auratus) were exposed to 0.5% diluted leachates from each step of a leachate treatment process (i.e. raw leachate before treatment, after membrane bioreactor treatment, and the final treated leachate) for 21days. raw leachate exposure caused disturbances in the thyroid cascade of female fish, as evidenced by the elevated plasma 3,3',5-triiodo-l-thyronine (p<0.05) and thyroid-stimulatin ...201627736670
the satiety factor oleoylethanolamide impacts hepatic lipid and glucose metabolism in goldfish.oleoylethanolamide (oea) is an acylethanolamide synthesized mainly in the gastrointestinal tract with known effects in mammals on food intake and body mass through activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor type α (pparα). since we previously demonstrated that acute treatment with oea in goldfish resulted in decreased food intake and locomotor activity, as in mammals, we hypothesize that oea would be involved in the control of energy metabolism in fish. therefore, we assessed the e ...201627277972
the genetic map of goldfish (carassius auratus) provided insights to the divergent genome evolutions in the cyprinidae family.a high-density linkage map of goldfish (carassius auratus) was constructed using rna-sequencing. this map consists of 50 linkage groups with 8,521 snp markers and an average resolution of 0.62 cm. approximately 84% of markers are in protein-coding genes orthologous to zebrafish proteins. we performed comparative genome analysis between zebrafish and medaka, common carp, grass carp, and goldfish to study the genome evolution events in the cyprinidae family. the comparison revealed large synteny b ...201627708388
rapid genomic changes in allopolyploids of carassius auratus red var. (♀) × megalobrama amblycephala (♂).to better understand genomic changes in the early generations after polyploidisation, we examined the chromosomal consequences of genomic merger in allotetraploid hybrids (4 nf1) (aabb, 4n = 148) of carassius auratus red var. (rcc) (aa, 2n = 100) (♀) × megalobrama amblycephala (bsb) (bb, 2n = 48) (♂). complete loss of the paternal 5s rdna sequence and the expected number of maternal chromosomal loci were found in 4 nf1, suggesting directional genomic changes occurred in the first generations aft ...201627703178
complete genome sequence and architecture of crucian carp carassius auratus herpesvirus (cahv).crucian carp carassius auratus herpesvirus (cahv) was isolated from diseased crucian carp with acute gill hemorrhages and high mortality. the cahv genome was sequenced and analyzed. the data showed that it consists of 275,348 bp and contains 150 predicted orfs. the architecture of the cahv genome differs from those of four cyprinid herpesviruses (cyhv1, cyhv2, sy-c1, cyhv3), with insertions, deletions and the absence of a terminal direct repeat. phylogenetic analysis of the dna polymerase sequen ...201627591780
immunohistochemical characterization of toll-like receptor 2 in gut epithelial cells and macrophages of goldfish carassius auratus fed with a high-cholesterol diet.toll-like receptors (tlrs) are a group of pattern recognition molecules that play a crucial role in innate immunity. the structural conservation of the archaic tlr system suggests that the regulation of the immune response might be similar in fish and mammals. several tlrs (tlr-1, -2, and -4) are expressed by activated macrophages, "foam cells" in human atherosclerotic lesions. to date, 20 different tlrs were identified in more than a dozen different fish species. in this study we found that fee ...201627818343
brain mapping of ghrelin o-acyltransferase in goldfish (carassius auratus): novel roles for the ghrelinergic system in fish?ghrelin o-acyltransferase (goat) is the enzyme responsible for acylation of ghrelin, a gut-brain hormone with important roles in many physiological functions in vertebrates. many aspects of goat remain to be elucidated, especially in fish, and particularly its anatomical distribution within the different brain areas has never been reported to date. the present study aimed to characterize the brain mapping of goat using rt-qpcr and immunohistochemistry in a teleost, the goldfish (carassius auratu ...201627064922
cross-reactivity of monoclonal antibodies against cd4-1 and cd8α of ginbuna crucian carp with lymphocytes of zebrafish and other cyprinid species.we have monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against cd4-1 (6d1) and cd8α (2c3) in ginbuna crucian carp carassius auratus langsdorfii. in our previous studies we showed that 2c3 mab positive cells are the primary cell type showing specific cytotoxicity against allogeneic targets, suggesting that cd8α(+) lymphocytes in ginbuna are equivalent to cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctls) in mammals. we further demonstrated the helper t cell function of 6d1 mab positive cells by studying mixed leukocyte culture (mlc) ...201627965016
occurrence of parasites of the genus eustrongylides spp. (nematoda: dioctophymatidae) in fish caught in trasimeno lake, italy.eustrongylides spp. is considered a freshwater fish zoonotic nematode. in the present study, the prevalence of eustrongylides spp. in six edible fish (european perch - perca fluviatilis, goldfish - carassius auratus, largemouth black bass - micropterus salmoides, tench- tinca tinca, carp - cyprinus carpio and sand smelt - atherina boyeri) of trasimeno lake was surveyed. the investigations were conducted from october 2014 to september 2015 and 384 specimens per species for each season were caught ...201628058245
data for amino acid alignment of japanese stingray melanocortin receptors with other gnathostome melanocortin receptor sequences, and the ligand selectivity of japanese stingray melanocortin receptors.this article contains structure and pharmacological characteristics of melanocortin receptors (mcrs) related to research published in "characterization of melanocortin receptors from stingray dasyatis akajei, a cartilaginous fish" (takahashi et al., 2016) [1]. the amino acid sequences of the stingray, d. akajei, mc1r, mc2r, mc3r, mc4r, and mc5r were aligned with the corresponding melanocortin receptor sequences from the elephant shark, callorhinchus milii, the dogfish, squalus acanthias, the gol ...201627408924
periprandial changes and effects of short- and long-term fasting on ghrelin, goat, and ghrelin receptors in goldfish (carassius auratus).the periprandial profile and effects of short- (7 days) and long-term (30 days) fasting on the ghrelinergic system were studied in goldfish (carassius auratus). plasma levels of acyl-ghrelin, desacyl-ghrelin, and ghrelin o-acyl transferase (goat) were analyzed by enzymoimmunoassays, and expression of preproghrelin, goat and growth hormone secretagogue receptors (ghs-r) was quantified by real-time pcr. circulating levels of acyl-ghrelin and goat rise preprandially, supporting the role of acyl-ghr ...201627062032
tissue-specific expression of ghrelinergic and nucb2/nesfatin-1 systems in goldfish (carassius auratus) is modulated by macronutrient composition of diets.the macronutrient composition of diets is a very important factor in the regulation of body weight and metabolism. several lines of research in mammals have shown that macronutrients differentially regulate metabolic hormones, including ghrelin and nesfatin-1 that have opposing effects on energy balance. this study aimed to determine whether macronutrients modulate the expression of ghrelin and the nucleobindin-2 (nucb2) encoded nesfatin-1 in goldfish (carassius auratus). fish were fed once dail ...201626805937
estradiol and testosterone modulate the tissue-specific expression of ghrelin, ghs-r, goat and nucb2 in goldfish.ghrelin, and nesfatin-1 (encoded by nucleobindin2/nucb2) are two metabolic peptides with multiple biological effects in vertebrates. while sex steroids are known to regulate endogenous ghrelin and nucb2 in mammals, such actions by steroids in fish remain unknown. this study aimed to determine whether estradiol (e2) and testosterone (t) affects the expression of preproghrelin, ghrelin/growth hormone secretagogue receptor (ghs-r), ghrelin o-acyl transferase (goat) and nucb2 in goldfish (carassius ...201626773340
novel pentapeptide, palal, derived from a bony fish elicits contraction of the muscle in starfish patiria pectinifera.a bioactive peptide mimicking peptide-signaling molecules has been isolated from the skin extract of fish channa argus which caused contraction of the apical muscle of a starfish patiria pectinifera, a deuterostomian invertebrate. the primary structure of the isolated pentapeptide comprises amino acid sequence of h-pro-ala-leu-ala-leu-oh (palal) with a molecular mass of 483.7 da. pharmacological activity of palal, dosage ranging from 10(-9) to 10(-5) m, revealed concentration-dependent contracti ...201627506561
effects of body chemical components on the allometric scaling of the resting metabolic rate in four species of cyprinids.metabolic scaling is hypothesized to be affected by ontogenetic changes in the body chemical composition because several body components do not consume significant amounts of oxygen but contribute more to body mass (m) as a fish grows. we tested this hypothesis by assessing the mass scaling of the resting metabolic rate (rmr) and body compositions of lipid, protein, ash, and water in four species of cyprinids, hypophthalmichthys molitrix (m range 9.5-218.3 g), cyprinus carpio (m range 14.6-226.9 ...201626407956
sialoglycoproteins prepared from the eggs of carassius auratus prevent bone loss by inhibiting the nf-κb pathway in ovariectomized rats.in this study, we investigated the improvement of osteoporosis by sialoglycoproteins isolated from the eggs of carassius auratus (ca-sgp) in ovariectomized rats. ca-sgp was supplemented to ovariectomized sprague-dawley rats for 90 days. the results showed that ca-sgp treatment remarkably prevented the reduction of bone mass, improved cancellous bone structure and biochemical properties. ca-sgp also significantly decreased the serum contents of trap, cath-k, mmp-9, dpd, ctx-1, ca, and p. mechanis ...201626765587
goldfish (carassius auratus l.) as a model system to study the growth factors, receptors and transcription factors that govern myelopoiesis in fish.the process of myeloid cell development (myelopoiesis) in fish has mainly been studied in three cyprinid species: zebrafish (danio rerio), ginbuna carp (carassius auratus langsdorfii) and goldfish (c. auratus, l.). our studies on goldfish myelopoiesis have utilized in vitro generated primary kidney macrophage (pkm) cultures and isolated primary kidney neutrophils (pkns) cultured overnight to study the process of macrophage (monopoiesis) and neutrophil (granulopoiesis) development and the key gro ...201626546240
modulation of 17β-estradiol induced estrogenic responses in male goldfish (carassius auratus) by benzo[a]pyrene and ketoconazole.the aquatic environment is challenged with complex mixtures of chemicals that may interact biochemically with each other in non-target aquatic organisms through a combination of actions, resulting in unpredictable mixture toxicity. this study focuses on the interactive effects of chemicals, including benzo(a)pyrene (bap) and ketoconazole (kcz), on 17β-estradiol (e2)-induced estrogenic responses in male goldfish (carassius auratus). the possible interactions between bap or kcz and e2 were investi ...201626825522
isolation and characterization of hematopoietic stem cells in teleost fish.despite 400 million years of evolutionary divergence, hematopoiesis is highly conserved between mammals and teleost fish. all types of mature blood cells including the erythroid, myeloid, and lymphoid lineages show a high degree of similarity to their mammalian counterparts at the morphological and molecular level. hematopoietic stem cells (hscs) are cells that are capable of self-renewal and differentiating into all hematopoietic lineages over the lifetime of an organism. the study of hscs has ...201626801099
mitochondrial genetic variations of an introduced freshwater fish, goldfish carassius auratus at the frontier between europe and asia (western anatolia, turkey): proximity to europe rather than east asia?carassius auratus is one of the most significant ornamental and food fishes of the world that is globally distributed and well known. although it is known to have existed at least for six decades and expanding its distribution range in turkish waters, there is a dearth of information on genetic structure and variations of goldfish in turkey. in this study, four mitochondrial genes (cytochrome b, cytochrome oxidase ii, 12s ribosomal rna, and 16s ribosomal rna) were used to infer the genetic varia ...201625648924
interactive effects of selected pharmaceutical mixtures on bioaccumulation and biochemical status in crucian carp (carassius auratus).the aim of this study was to evaluate the interactive effects of fluoxetine (flu), roxithromycin (rox) and propranolol (prp) on the bioaccumulation and biochemical responses in the crucian carp carassius auratus. after 7 days of binary exposure (rox + flu and prp + flu), the addition of waterborne flu at nominal concentrations of 4, 20 and 100 μg l(-1) significantly increased the accumulation of rox and prp in fish livers in most cases, although elevated rox and prp bioaccumulation levels were n ...201626800487
solution structure of the z-dna binding domain of pkr-like protein kinase from carassius auratus and quantitative analyses of the intermediate complex during b-z transition.z-dna binding proteins (zbps) play important roles in rna editing, innate immune response and viral infection. structural and biophysical studies show that zbps initially form an intermediate complex with b-dna for b-z conversion. however, a comprehensive understanding of the mechanism of z-dna binding and b-z transition is still lacking, due to the absence of structural information on the intermediate complex. here, we report the solution structure of the zα domain of the zbp-containing protein ...201626792893
neutrophil contributions to the induction and regulation of the acute inflammatory response in teleost fish.neutrophils are essential to the acute inflammatory response, where they serve as the first line of defense against infiltrating pathogens. we report that, on receiving the necessary signals, teleost (carassius auratus) neutrophils leave the hematopoietic kidney, enter into the circulation, and dominate the initial influx of cells into a site of inflammation. unlike mammals, teleost neutrophils represent <5% of circulating leukocytes during periods of homeostasis. however, this increases to near ...201626292979
linking eggs and adults of argulus spp. using mitochondrial dna barcodes.we have created barcode library for common argulus spp. infecting carassius auratus, which could also be used to identify premature forms of argulus spp. even by non-professionals. infected c. auratus was examined and purchased from ornamental fish-trading centers and the adult life stage of argulus spp. was identified and dna barcoded. the eggs of argulus spp. were collected using bottle implants. the collected eggs are barcoded and precisely identified by matching with the adult sequences. fou ...201625492543
isolation, characterization, and tissue-specific expression of gaba a receptor α1 subunit gene of carassius auratus gibelio after avermectin treatment.carassius auratus gibelio has been widely cultivated in fish farms in china, with avermectin (avm) being used to prevent parasite infection. recently, avm was found to pass through the carassius auratus gibelio blood-brain barrier (bbb). although avm acts mainly through a gaba receptor and specifically the α1 subunit gene, the most common isoform of the gaba a receptor, which is widely expressed in brain neurons and has been studied in other fish, carassius auratus gibelio gaba a receptor α1 sub ...201626318443
identification, cdna cloning, and characterization of luteinizing hormone beta subunit (lhb) gene in catla catla.reproductive hormones play a significant role in the gonadal development and gametogenesis process of animals. in the present study luteinizing hormone beta, (lhb) subunit gene was cloned and characterized from the brain of catla catla. the lhb full-length of cdna sequence is 629 bp which consists of 43bp 5'-utr (untranslated region) 447bp, orf(open reading frame) and 139 bp of 3'-utr respectively. the coding region of lhb gene encoded a peptide of 148 amino acids. the coding sequence of lhb gen ...201626980432
complete mitochondrial dna genome of triploid pengze crucian carp (carassius auratus).the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of triploid pengze crucian carp was 16,580 bp in length. the mitochondrial genome contains 22 transfer rnas, 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal rnas and 2 non-coding regions (control region and origin of light-strand replication). all genes were encoded on the heavy strain except for nd6 and eight trna genes. the overall base composition is a 31.53%, t 26.23%, g 16.15%, c 26.09%, with an a + t bias of 57.76%. the complete mtdna sequence of the geograp ...201625231717
complete mitochondrial dna genome of tetraploid carassius auratus gibelio.the complete mitochondrial genome was sequenced from the tetraploid carassius auratus gibelio in this study. the genome sequence was 16,576 bp in length. the mitochondrial genome contains 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal rnas, 22 transfer rnas, and 2 non-coding regions (control region and origin of light-strand replication). all genes were encoded on the heavy strain except for nd6 and eight trna genes. the overall base composition is 31.61% a, 25.81% t, 26.62% g, 15.96% c, with an a+t bias ...201625208178
the complete mitogenome of natural triploid carassius auratus in qihe river.qihe carassius auratus is the territorial carassius auratus, which is known as for its limited distribute in qihe river (mainly distributed in henan province, china), this species is natural triploid in china. in this study, the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of carassius auratus in qihe river has been obtained with pcr. the gene composition and arrangement of mitochondrial genome sequence of this species are similar to most of other vertebrates', which contains 22 trna genes, 13 protein ...201624730610
[experimental study of 241am transfer from herbal food to organs and tissues of crucian carp].freshwater fishes (carassius auratus gibelio, crucian carp) were fed through catheter with homogenized biomass of submerged macrophytes labeled with transuranium element 241am. the intensity of excretion of americium and its accumulation in organs and tissues of fishes were investigated. the highest release of americium (up to 70%) was recorded on the second day after feeding. 94-98% of americium were excreted during 3-4 days; however, americium was also recorded in the excrements after 11 days. ...201621674957
opisthorchis viverrini infections and associated risk factors in a lowland area of binh dinh province, central vietnam.opisthorchiasis caused by opisthorchis viverrini is a major public health problem in the mekong basin in south east asia. it is associated with cholangiocarcinoma, a fatal cancer of the bile duct, which is very common in some areas of thailand and lao pdr. although there is evidence of opisthorchiasis in the central and southern provinces of vietnam, data are scarce and vietnam is often not considered an opisthorchiasis endemic area in the international literature. we conducted a cross-sectional ...201626872984
interspecific differences in hypoxia-induced gill remodeling in carp.the gills of many fish, but in particular those of crucian carp (carassius carassius) and goldfish (carassius auratus), are capable of extensive remodeling in response to changes in oxygen (o2), temperature, and exercise. in this study, we investigated the interspecific variation in hypoxia-induced gill modeling and hypoxia tolerance in 10 closely related groups of cyprinids (nine species, with two strains of cyprinus carpio). there was significant variation in hypoxia tolerance, measured as the ...201624241069
first report of some known trichodinella epizootica šramek-hušek, 1953, <br />and tripartiella lom, 1959 from the cultured oranda gold fish (carassius auratus auratus) in india.trichodiniasis of fishes cause economic losses in the fish industry through mortality and decrease growth rate. very few studies of these ectoparasites have been made in india. a comprehensive icthyoparasotological survey in some ornamental fish farms of different parts of india has been done since march 2014-may 2015. during the study these trichodinid parasites have been identified from the gills of oranda gold fish (carassius auratus auratus l.). they are trichodinella epizootica, tripartiell ...201627811658
development of vaccines against nocardiosis in fishes.nocardiosis, one of the most systemic and devastating diseases, is currently emerging as an important disease of cultured marine and freshwater fishes. the causative agent of this disease is nocardia seriolae, a gram-positive acid-fast bacterium. an effective vaccine/vaccination strategy against this pathogen is necessary to control the significant loss in aquaculture practices. in this chapter, we present the vaccination/immunization protocol in fish against both live (sublethal) and inactivate ...201627076299
expansion of the known host range of the microsporidium, pseudoloma neurophilia.the microsporidium, pseudoloma neurophilia, is the most common infectious organism found in laboratory zebrafish colonies. many currently used zebrafish lines originally came from pet store fish, and the initial description of p. neurophilia came from zebrafish obtained from a retail pet store. however, as p. neurophilia has not been described from wild-caught zebrafish, whether p. neurophilia is a natural pathogen of zebrafish is an open question. the pooling of fish of different species in the ...201627182659
characterization and mosquitocidal potential of neem cake-synthesized silver nanoparticles: genotoxicity and impact on predation efficiency of mosquito natural enemies.mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) serve as important vectors for a wide number of parasites and pathogens of huge medical and veterinary importance. aedes aegypti is a primary dengue vector in tropical and subtropical urban areas. there is an urgent need to develop eco-friendly mosquitocides. in this study, silver nanoparticles (agnp) were biosynthesized using neem cake, a by-product of the neem oil extraction from the seed kernels of azadirachta indica. agnp were characterized using a variety of ...201626573518
dietary lactobacillus acidophilus modulated skin mucus protein profile, immune and appetite genes expression in gold fish (carassius auratus gibelio).the objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of dietary lactobacillus acidophilus on skin mucus protein pattern, immune and appetite related genes expression as well as growth performance in gold fish (carassius auratus gibelio). three hundred healthy gold fish (2.5 ± 0.05) juveniles were randomly distributed in 12 glass aquariums (400-l; 25 fish per aquaria) and fed experimental diets contain different levels of l. acidophilus (0, 1.5 × 10(8), 3 × 10(8) and 6 × 10(8)) for 8 ...201627769690
detection of cyprinid herpesvirus 2 in peripheral blood cells of silver crucian carp, carassius auratus gibelio (bloch), suggests its potential in viral diagnosis.epidemics caused by cyprinid herpesvirus 2 (cyhv-2) in domestic cyprinid species have been reported in both european and asian countries. although the mechanisms remain unknown, acute cyhv-2 infections generally result in high mortality, and the surviving carps become chronic carriers displaying no external clinical signs. in this study, in situ hybridization analysis showed that cyhv-2 tended to infect peripheral blood cells during either acute or chronic infections in silver crucian carp, cara ...201625630360
proteomic analysis of cytoskeleton proteins in fish.in this chapter, we describe laboratory protocols for rearing fish and a simple and efficient method of extracting and identifying pathogen and host proteins that may be involved in entry and replication of commercially important fish viruses. we have used the common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) and goldfish (cyprinus auratus) as a model system for studies of proteins involved in viral entry and replication. the chapter describes detailed protocols for maintenance of carp, cell culture, antibody pu ...201626498797
characterization of toll-like receptor gene expression in goldfish (carassius auratus) during dactylogyrus intermedius infection.toll-like receptors (tlrs), the first and best understood innate immune receptors, play a notable role in the innate immune system by sensing pathogenic agents and initiating appropriate immune responses. however, studies about the roles of fish tlrs in response to the infection of the ectoparasitic monogenean dactylogyrus intermedius have been surprisingly vacant. in the present study, cdna fragments of five members of tlrs family in goldfish (carassius auratus) were cloned and the expression p ...201627238769
morphometric and molecular characterization of dactylogyrus vastator and d. intermedius in goldfish (carassius auratus).goldfish is known to be parasitized by at least seven species of dactylogyrus and considered as one of the most common hosts. dactylogyrus vastator and dactylogyrus intermedius are the dominant species living on the gills of goldfish. however, little information on morphometric characterization is available, which easily causes misidentification. the purpose of this study is to provide comprehensive morphometric and molecular characterization of d. vastator and d. intermedius collected form a fi ...201626779922
[composition of leucocytes of the head kidney of the crucian carp carassius auratus gibelio (cypriniformes: cyprinidae) as affected by invasion of cestode digramma interrupta (cestoda; pseudophyllidea)].the composition of leucocytes of the head kidney is studied in the crucian carps (carassius auratus) either contaminated or uncontaminated with digramma interrupta. the composition of leucocytes in the pronephros of the crucian carp from lake baikal basin has a lymphoid character. compared to the crucian carp from the european part of russia, in the fish from baikal the granulocytopoetic processes are more pronounced. this is proved by the high content of young forms of granulocytes. in the fish ...201622292296
first detection of cyprinid herpesvirus 2 (cyhv-2) in goldfish (carassius auratus) in france.massive mortalities of carassius auratus (l.) occurred in a farm in france during summer 2014. fish presented anorexia, loss of scales and large amounts of mucus on the gills. necrosis of the distal tip of the filament and the lamellae, combined with fusion of the lamellae, was observed, as well as necrosis in the hematopoietic organs and in the digestive tract. the histological examination led to hypothesize the implication of a virus in the mortality. the presence of cyprinid herpesvirus 2 (cy ...201626173014
herpesviral hematopoietic necrosis in goldfish in switzerland: early lesions in clinically normal goldfish (carassius auratus).cyprinid herpesvirus 2 is a pathogen of goldfish, inducing a disease referred to as herpesviral hematopoietic necrosis. the disease is described so far in japan, north america, taiwan, australia, the united kingdom, and recently also italy. here the authors describe histologic lesions in clinically affected fish in comparison with clinically normal but virus dna-positive goldfish in switzerland. while necrosis or enhanced single-cell necrosis in the hematopoietic tissue in the pronephros or meso ...201626553521
establishment from the snout and kidney of goldfish, carassius auratus, of two new cell lines and their susceptibility to infectious pancreatic necrosis virus.goldfish carassius auratus are commonly used in scientific research and have a significant economic value in the pet trade. in this study, two cell lines were established from the snout and kidney tissue of goldfish, in order to create a biological monitoring tool for viral diseases. cell lines were optimally maintained at 25 °c in m199 medium supplemented with 15-20 % fetal bovine serum. chromosomal analysis indicated that both cell lines remained diploid, with a mean chromosomal count of 100. ...201626419476
sialoglycoprotein isolated from the eggs of carassius auratus prevents bone loss: an effect associated with the regulation of gut microbiota in ovariectomized rats.the anti-osteoporotic effect of sialoglycoprotein isolated from the eggs of carassius auratus (ca-sgp) has previously been demonstrated in vivo. however, the mechanism by which this macromolecular substance regulates bone metabolism remains unclear. given the correlation between gut microbiota and the homeostasis of bone metabolism, the current study applied real-time pcr and 16s rrna high-throughput sequencing to investigate the influence of ca-sgp on gut microbiota in ovariectomized rats. real ...201627808338
preliminary study on the relationship between dexamethasone and pathogen susceptibility on crucian carp (carassius auratus).dexamethasone, a known immunosuppressant, can inhibit the immune response and increase the amount of pathogen in body, but the role of dexamethasone affecting susceptibility of crucian carp (carassius auratus) to pathogen is unclear. the effects of dexamethasone on susceptibility of crucian carp to aeromonas hydrophila were investigated in this study. the fish were divided into four groups randomly and injected intraperitoneally by dexamethasone for 0 day (group d), 3 days (group c), 6 days (gro ...201627744057
detection of goldfish haematopoietic necrosis herpes virus (cyprinid herpesvirus-2) with multi-drug resistant aeromonas hydrophila infection in goldfish: first evidence of any viral disease outbreak in ornamental freshwater aquaculture farms in india.this outbreak report details of a mortality event where cyprinid herpes virus-2 (cyhv-2) was detected in association with multidrug-resistant aeromonas hydrophila infection in goldfish, carassius auratus, from commercial farms. the goldfish exhibited large scale haemorrhages on the body, fins and gills, lepidorthosis, necrosed gills, protruded anus and shrunken eyes. white nodular necrotic foci in spleen and kidneys were noticed, along with necrosis and fusion of gill lamellae. transmission elec ...201627172876
[comparative ultrastructure of the brush border of the enterocyte, depending upon the nutritional state in 3 cyprinides: the tench (tinca tinca l.), the carp(cyprinus carpio l.) and the goldfish(carassius auratus l.)]. 20164791998
transfer of control of avoidance behavior in normal and telencephalon ablated goldfish (carassius auratus). 20164824385
[regeneration of the spermatogenesis of the hypophysectomized cyprid carassius auratus. l. by a highly purified carp gonadotropic factor]. 20164994201
visual behavior of adult goldfish with regenerating retina.to determine whether regenerating neural pathways can support visual behavior, adult goldfish (carassius auratus) were injected intraocularly with ouabain and tested for the presence of reflexive visual behaviors (dorsal light reflex and optokinetic nystagmus) and the ability to respond to visual stimuli in a classical conditioning paradigm. all visual behaviors were absent or greatly diminished until 8 to 10 weeks, when retinal layering had returned. at 10 weeks post-ouabain, reflexive behavior ...201617592671
[the genetic structure of the european goldfish carassius auratus s. lato (cyprinidae) in ukrainian water bodies: an analysis of bisexual samples].biochemical gene mapping of goldfish populations in the middle dnieper basin demonstrated that 8 out of 17 studied enzyme and protein systems are uncoded by duplicated loci and two of them represent isoloci. noteworthily, the heterozygosity in the studied goldfish samples was significantly higher than the average for bony fish (hexp = 0.128, 0.135). cytometric analysis of the samples demonstrated that one of them includes about 20% of presumably triploid females that, nevertheless, did not demon ...201615615448
[effect of lighting oscillations on growth and energetics of the goldfish carassius auratus].periodic oscillations of illumination exert a positive, rather than negative, effect on goldfish growth and energetics. in a variable light regime, the fishes grow of a higher rate, have decreased oxygen and food requirements, improve the utilization of consumed food for growth, and decrease the oxygen expenditure per increment of unit body mass. the goldfish reactions to the frequency of illumination oscillation and the succession of the stationary light regime by the oscillatory regime were de ...201611963548
goldfish carassius auratus gibelio (bloch) occur in the russian area of the black sea. 201611103328
[changes in the nucleolar characteristics in fish embryo cells under the action of low doses of radiation].the nucleolus activity of fish embryo cells was stimulated by low-level radiation at a dose rate of 2-13 mgy/h. the size of nucleoli generally increased in embryos of cyprinus carpio, whereas the number of nucleoli was greater in embryos of carassius auratus gibelio. the higher the functional activity of nucleolus is, the more pronounced are changes in the characteristics. the size of single nucleolus at gastrulation is the most sensitive characteristic.20167581803
cyclosporine inhibition of the chloride/bicarbonate exchanger of proximal renal tubules.it has previously been reported by us that the immunosuppressant agent cyclosporine inhibits the ability of renal proximal tubule cells to regulate volume. proximal renal tubule cells exposed to hypotonic solutions rapidly swell and subsequently shrink. their regulatory cell volume decrease (rvd) is due to ca2(+)-calmodulin regulated kcl efflux followed by osmotically obligated water. in proximal renal tubule cells, potassium leaves the cell through a ca2(+)-activated potassium channel. while it ...20161709345
[inhibition of the motor initiative of the fish (carassius auratus) by 5-ht]. 201613342211
cyclosporine nephropathy: inhibition of osmoregulatory renal cell transport.the immunosuppressant agent cyclosporine (sandimmune) is a calmodulin inhibitor that has potent nephrotoxic properties. recently, it has been observed that osmoregulation in the proximal tubules of the bony fish carassius auratus (goldfish) is a calmodulin-regulated cell function. as their mammalian counterparts do, these renal tubule cells swell when exposed to hypotonic solutions. this is followed by a slower volume regulatory decrease phase owing to kcl efflux and osmotically obligated water. ...20152802513
cd-metallothionein in liver and kidney of goldfish (carassius auratus): effects of temperature and salinity.treatment of goldfish with cd, by intraperitoneal injection, resulted in cd-metallothionein (cd-mt) synthesis mainly in liver and kidney. the relative amount of cd sequestered by liver metallothionein was always greater in fish maintained at 20 degrees c compared to those reared at 10 degrees c, indicating a temperature dependence of metallothionein biosynthesis; in the kidney this dependence was not so clearly evident. changes in mt levels induced by adapting fish to different salinities did no ...20151452441
the fluorescent calcium indicator indo-1/am inhibits renal proximal tubule cell volume regulation.the intracellular calcium indicator, indo-1, is a fluorescent compound related in structure and function to the calcium chelator ethylene glycol-bis(beta-aminoethyl ether) tetraacetic acid (egta) that binds one calcium ion per molecule. in the extracellular range of 1 to 10 microm indo-1/am, the estimated intracellular concentration of the dye is 0.1 to 3 microm. therefore, it is likely that intracellular calcium signals could be blunted under these experimental conditions (cai approximately 0.1 ...20151503391
effects of repeated handling and air exposure on the immune response and the disease resistance of gibel carp (carassius auratus gibelio) over winter.high mortalities and suppressed immune functions of farmed fish over winter are the universal problems in aquaculture. it is necessary to improve the immune response and disease resistance in the overwintering fish. a recent study suggested that repeated handling increased innate immune mechanisms and disease resistance in senegalese sole. therefore, the present study evaluated the hypothesis that appropriate repeated handling could compromise the immune depression and increase the disease resis ...201526481516
expression patterns of toll-like receptors in natural triploid carassius auratus after infection with aeromonas hydrophila.toll-like receptors (tlrs) play the important roles in the innate immune system. in the present study, we have cloned fragments of 13 members of tlr family in natural triploid qihe crucian carp (c. auratus) and investigated the expression profiles of these tlrs in spleen and head kidney at different time points after a. hydrophila infection. the results showed that the expressions of certain tlrs including tlr4, tlr5, and tlr22 were significantly up-regulated after infection, and the expression ...201526319889
effects of ethanol and sodium phenobarbital on conflict behavior of goldfish (carassius auratus). 20154418688
in vitro characteristics of cyprinid herpesvirus 2: effect of kidney extract supplementation on growth.herpesviral hematopoietic necrosis caused by goldfish hematopoietic necrosis virus (now identified as cyprinid herpesvirus 2, cyhv-2) has contributed to economic losses in goldfish carassius auratus culture and is becoming a major obstacle in prussian carp c. gibelio aquaculture in china. several reports have described difficulties in culturing the virus, with the total loss of infectivity within several passages in cell culture. we succeeded in propagating cyhv-2 with a high infectious titer in ...201526290507
[influence of hypophysectomy on renewal of internal water (studied using tritiated water) in the red fish, carassius auratus l]. 20154989967
molecular and functional characterization of goldfish (carassius auratus l.) serum amyloid a.quantitative expression analysis of goldfish saa revealed the highest mrna levels in the kidney, spleen and intestine with lower mrna levels in muscle and liver. goldfish saa was differentially expressed in goldfish immune cells with highest mrna levels observed in neutrophils. to functionally assess goldfish saa, recombinant protein (rgsaa) was generated by prokaryotic expression and functionally characterized. monocytes and macrophages treated with rgsaa exhibited differential gene expression ...201526523984
functional characterization of receptor-interacting serine/threonine kinase 2 (rip2) of the goldfish (carassius auratus l.).we report on the functional characterization of rip2 of the goldfish. quantitative expression analysis of goldfish rip2 revealed the greatest mrna levels in the spleen, monocytes and splenocytes. we generated a recombinant form of the molecule (rgrip2) and determined that anti-human rip2 polyclonal antibody specifically recognized recombinant goldfish rip2 (rgrip2). goldfish rip2 activity was inhibited by the p38 mapk pathway inhibitor sb203580. treatment of goldfish macrophages with lps, pgn, m ...201525242011
cyhv-2 orf104 activates the p38 mapk pathway.cyprinid herpesvirus 2 (cyhv-2) is the pathogen responsible for herpesviral hematopoietic necrosis disease, which causes huge losses on aquaculture. so far the studies of cyhv-2 mainly focus on the identification and detection of this virus, but little is known about the role of specific cyhv-2 genes in the infection process. based on the genomic information, cyhv-2 orf104 encodes a kinase-like protein, which is highly conserved among the three cyhvs. our study was initiated to investigate the r ...201526072141
an infection of gyrodactylus kobayashii hukuda, 1940 (monogenea) associated with the mortality of goldfish (carassius auratus) from central china.goldfish, carassius auratus, widely distributed across eurasia, is one of the earliest fish domesticated for ornamental purposes. a series of diseases break out due to high-density culture of goldfish, causing significant economic losses. here, we report for the first time an infection of gyrodactylus kobayashii associated with the high mortality of goldfish from a fish farm in anziying township of henan province, china, following their transfer to several aquariums. in the first 2 weeks after g ...201525471903
analysing codon usage bias of cyprinid herpesvirus 3 and adaptation of this virus to the hosts.the codon usage patterns of open reading frames (orfs) in cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (cyhv-3) have been investigated in this study. the high correlation between gc12 % and gc3 % suggests that mutational pressure rather than natural selection is the main factor that determines the codon usage and base component in the cyhv-3, while mutational pressure effect results from the high correlation between gc3 % and the first principal axis of principle component analysis (axis 1) on the relative synonymous ...201525491502
comparative analysis of adaptive immune response after vaccine trials using live attenuated and formalin-killed cells of edwardsiella tarda in ginbuna crucian carp (carassius auratus langsdorfii).edwardsiella tarda is an intracellular pathogen that causes edwardsiellosis in fish. although vaccine trials with formalin-killed cells (fkc) have been reported, the vaccinations failed in protect against e. tarda infection. on the other hand, a live attenuated vaccine strategy is effective against edwardsiellosis; however, the mechanism underlying its effectiveness in fish is unclear. in the present study, we compared the adaptive immune responses in fish vaccinated with fkcs and live attenuate ...201525959574
nanoparticles in the fight against mosquito-borne diseases: bioactivity of bruguiera cylindrica-synthesized nanoparticles against dengue virus den-2 (in vitro) and its mosquito vector aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae).mosquitoes are blood-feeding insects serving as the most important vectors for spreading human pathogens and parasites. dengue is a viral disease mainly vectored through the bite of aedes mosquitoes. its transmission has recently increased in urban and semi-urban areas of tropical and subtropical regions worldwide, becoming a major international public health concern. there is no specific treatment for dengue. its prevention and control solely depend on effective vector control measures. mangrov ...201526290219
effect of booster shot and investigation of vaccination efficacy period against herpesviral haematopoietic necrosis (hvhn) in goldfish carassius auratus.in this study, the efficacy period of an intraperitoneal vaccination and effect of a booster shot of vaccine against herpesviral haematopoietic necrosis (hvhn) in goldfish carassius auratus were investigated. cell culture supernatant of cyprinid herpesvirus 2 (cyhv-2), causative agent of hvhn, propagated in goldfish fin (gff) cells was inactivated with formalin (0.1%, v/v) for 2 days at 4 °c. three groups of the variety ryukin were individually intraperitoneally injected with the vaccine and eac ...201525434995
establishment of a novel and highly permissive cell line for the efficient replication of cyprinid herpesvirus 2 (cyhv-2).haematopoietic necrosis of gibel carp (carassius auratus gibelio) is caused by cyprinid herpesvirus 2 (cyhv-2) and has caused huge economic losses in aquaculture worldwide. currently the isolation and propagation of cyhv-2 in vitro is very difficult due to the lack of permissive cell lines. studies on the pathogenesis of cyhv-2 have been hampered because the virus has not been extensively characterized. in this study, a novel cell line from the brain of gibel carp, denoted gicb, has been establi ...201525912023
molecular characterisation and prevalence of a new genotype of cyprinid herpesvirus 2 in mainland china.cyprinid herpesvirus 2 (cyhv-2, species cyprinid herpesvirus 2) has been confirmed as a causative agent of the acute haematopoietic necrosis disease outbreak in farmed goldfish (carassius auratus l.) and gibel carp (carassius auratus gibelio bloch). in this study, we present the genomic characteristics of a variant cyhv-2 strain (sy-c1) isolated from farmed gibel carp in mainland china and its comparative genomics analysis with the cyhv-2 reference strain st-j1. overall, the full-length genome o ...201525900131
the first report of dactylogyrus formosus kulwiec, 1927 (monogenea: dactylogyridae) from goldfish (carassius auratus) in central china.dactylogyrus formosus kulwiec, 1927 (monogenea: dactylogyridae), widely distributed across eurasia, is considered as one of the most frequently encountered ectoparasites of goldfish (carassius auratus). in the present study, d. formosus on gills of cultured goldfish was reported in central china for the first time, using the methods of morphological characters and molecular markers. it was characterized by "anchoratoid-wegeneri" type anchor with elongate inner and unobvious outer root. the morph ...201525899326
dactylogyrus intermedius parasitism enhances flavobacterium columnare invasion and alters immune-related gene expression in carassius auratus.the monogenean dactylogyrus intermedius and the bacterium flavobacterium columnare are 2 common pathogens in aquaculture. the objective of the present study was to examine the effect of prior parasitism by d. intermedius on the susceptibility of goldfish to f. columnare and to explore the potential immune mechanisms related to the parasite infection. a f. columnare challenge trial was conducted between d. intermedius-parasitized and non-parasitized goldfish. the f. columnare load in gill, kidney ...201526378404
identification of interferon-γ-inducible-lysosomal thiol reductase (gilt) gene in goldfish (carassius auratus) and its immune response to lps challenge.the interferon-γ-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (gilt) has been demonstrated to play an important role in the processing and presentation of mhc class ii restricted antigen (ag) by catalyzing disulfide bond reduction. in this study, we cloned a gilt gene homolog from goldfish (designated ggilt), a kind of precious freshwater fish with high market value. the open reading frame of ggilt consists of 756 bases encoding a protein of 251 amino acids with an estimated molecular mass of 27.8 kda an ...201525447639
isolation and characterization of flavobacterium columnare from freshwater ornamental goldfish carassius auratus.filamentous bacteria overlaying ulcerated area on the body surface were observed in the wet-mout preparation from a moribund goldfish with saddle back appearance. the causative agent was identified as flavobacterium columnrae, on the basis of biochemical test, species-specific polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and sequencing of 16s rdna gene with the universal bacterial primers. furthermore, the strain (ing-1) attributed to genomovar ii in 16s rdna pcr-restriction fragment length polymorphism (pcr ...201525895267
recombinant saccharomyces cerevisiae serves as novel carrier for oral dna vaccines in carassius auratus.oral delivery of dna vaccines represents a promising vaccinating method for fish. recombinant yeast has been proved to be a safe carrier for delivering antigen proteins and dnas to some species in vivo. however, whether recombinant yeast can be used to deliver functional dnas for vaccination to fish is still unknown. in this study, red crucian carp (carassius auratus) was orally administrated with recombinant saccharomyces cerevisiae harboring cmv-egfp expression cassette. on day 5 post the firs ...201526481518
ectocommensal and ectoparasites in goldfish carassius auratus (linnaeus, 1758) in farmed in the state of são paulo.concomitant infections by several parasitic genera are rare, very debilitating and often lethal to fish reared under commercial breeding conditions. were describe a multiple and concurrent parasite infestation in cultured goldfish carassius auratus with skin damage (nodules and/or ulceration). fish with skin lesions underwent necropsy, and the skin and gills were scraped and examined. histopathological examination with hematoxylin-eosin and giemsa stain, and an ultrastructure study using transmi ...201526444060
production and extraction of astaxanthin from phaffia rhodozyma and its biological effect on alcohol-induced renal hypoxia in carassius auratus.the effect of astaxanthin (3,3'-dihydroxy-s-carotene-4,4'-dione) on alcohol-induced morphological changes in carassius auratus, as an experimental model, was determined. the yeast phaffia rhodozyma was used as a source of astaxanthin. the animals were divided into three groups for 30 days: one group was treated with ethanol at a dose of 1.5% mixed in water, the second one with etoh 1.5% and food enriched with astaxanthin from p. rhodozyma, and the third was a control group. after a sufficient ex ...201525492637
the analysis of the acute phase response during the course of trypanosoma carassii infection in the goldfish (carassius auratus l.).the expression of genes encoding the acute phase proteins (app) during the course of trypanasoma carassii infection in the goldfish was determined using quantitative pcr. significant changes in the mrna levels of ceruloplasmin (cp), c-reactive protein (crp), transferrin (tf), hemopexin (hx) and serum amyloid a (saa) were observed in the kidney, liver and spleen at various days post infection (dpi). of the five acute phase protein genes examined, crp and saa exhibited the highest expression in th ...201526116443
goldfish carassius auratus susceptibility to viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus genotype ivb depends on exposure route.we assessed the susceptibility of goldfish carassius auratus to infection by genotype ivb of the viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus. goldfish were infected by intraperitoneal injections of 106 plaque-forming units (pfu) fish-1, single bath exposure of 105 pfu ml-1 for 24 h, or consumption of 0.4 g of commercial fish feed soaked in 107 pfu per 8 fish. the mortality rate of intraperitoneal-infected goldfish was 10 to 32%, although the virus was detected by quantitative rt-pcr in 77% (65/84) of the ...201526119297
use of a complex approach for assessment of metamizole sodium and acetylsalicylic acid toxicity, genotoxicity and cytotoxicity.a complex approach based on the use of test organisms belonging to different systematic groups (plants, invertebrates and vertebrates), as well as the nucleolar biomarker and the micronucleus test on their cells, was applied to assess the toxicity, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of two pharmaceutical substances (metamizole sodium and acetylsalicylic acid) applied at ic(50) concentrations for mammalian cells. the compound acetylsalicylic acid was evaluated at a concentration (1.6 x 10(3) mg l(-1)) ...201515478170
[differences in the infestation rate of young cyprinid fishes (cypriniformes) by metacercaria of posthodiplostomum cuticola (digenea, diplostomatidae) in river and lake systems of the lake chany basin (western siberia)].a total of 12 fish species were studied for the invasion of p. cuticola (nordmann, 1832) metacercariae in the chany lake estuaries, river and lake systems during different periods of water level. all infected individuals were represented by juveniles of the family cyprinidae, except for adults of the dace leuciscus leuciscus. (l.). under an average water level (2010) the highest rate of fish invasion was revealed in the estuary zone, where the prevalence of infection (pi) constituted 37.5%, 13.4 ...201525693328
experimental infection of aphanomyces invadans and susceptibility in seven species of tropical fish.epizootic ulcerative syndrome (eus) causes by aquatic oomycete fungus, aphanomyces invadans is a dangerous fish disease of a wide range of fresh and brackish water, wild and farmed fish throughout the world. the objective of the present study was to determine the susceptibility of a number of tropical fish species to the eus and compare the severity of infection between experimental groups.201527047195
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